4) a) Briefly explain what do you understand by the “fatigue stress cycle”

b) Sketch a diagram showing a general type of stress-time cycle

c) A mild-steel shaft when rotating under load is subjected to a (cyclic) bending
moment of (± 1.4 KNm) using a safety factor of (2) and given data in figure 2. Find
the diameter of the shaft. Assume reverse axial stress fatigue.

a) Fatigue stress cycle- is basically a degradation of mechanical properties leading

to fatigue of a material or a component under cyclic loading. [(This excludes static
fatigue) which is also used to describe stress corrosion cracking in glasses and
ceramics in the presents of moisture.]

B)
C) Given data:

Bending moment ± =1.4kNm

Safety factor (FS)= 2
Range of stress= 100 MN/m2
Nf=106
The endurance limit (σ r) for completely reverse cycle of stress that is the
endurance limit for the range of stress in which σ m=0
σa 1 σm
=[ − ]
σr Fs σ a

Equation #1
σm σa 1
+ =
σ a σ r Fs

We know that ‘σ a’ alternative safety

( σ max−σ min )
σ a=
2
32 Mmax
σ max=
π d3
32 Mmin
σ min=
π d3

Mmax=+1.4*106 N/mm
Mmin=-1.4*106 N/mm
32∗1.4∗106
σ max=
π d3
14260282.9
σ max=
[ d 3 ]
N / m m2

−32∗1.4∗106
σ min=
π d3
−14260282.9
σ min=
[ d 3 ]
N /m m 2

14260282.9 −14260282.9
σ a=
[ d3
−
d3 ]
14260282.9
σ a=
[ d 3 ]
N / m m2

substituting into equation 1

since σ m=0

σa 1
=
σ r Fs

therefore

14260282.9
d3
=1/ 2
σr
14260282.9 1
=
d3 2
14260282.9∗2
d 3=
100

d iameter=65.8242mm

Testing D= 65.8242 mm

σa 1
=
σ r Fs
δaFs=δr 1
( σ r ) ( 1)
Fs=
σa
14260282.9
σ a=
65.82423

σ a=50.00 N /mm 2
100
Fs= =2
50