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    Josh | Mg ee OOS [occ | FORALL COU Nee axe 1, Do you know? 2. What, When, Where and Why 3. Superlatives of the World 4, State at a Glance 5. India at a Glance 6. World at a Glance 7. Awards and Honours 8. Important GK List 9. Sports and Games 10. Discussion and Analysis 11. One Liner Facts 12. GK Videos:Knowledge Booster 13. GK Quiz www. jagranjosh.com Page 2 Copyright QJagranjosh.com All rights reserved. No part or the whole of this eBook may be copied, reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted and/or cited anywhere in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the written permission of the copyright owner. If any misconduct comes in knowledge or brought in notice, strict action will be taken. Disclaimer Readers are requested to verify/cross-check up to their satisfaction themselves about the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. If any miss- happening, ill result, mass depletion or any similar incident occurs ~due_ to. any . information cited or referenced inthis e-book, Editor, Director/s, employees of Jagranjosh.com can’t be held liable/ responsible in any matter whatsoever. No responsibilities lie as well in case of the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. Images in this book have been taken from various internet sources. www. jagranjosh.com Page 3 Donald Trump: 14 interesting facts on Education, assets and Family Donald Trump was born on June 14, 1946, in New York, United States. He is the 45th President of the United States. Before becoming President, he was a real-estate developer businessman and posses many hotels, casinos, golf courses, resorts, and residential properties to his name. He became US President on 20 January 2017. Donald Trump became the US president in 2017 with the support of Indian origin peoples living in the USA. On February 2020, Donald Trump visited India, signed some business deals and inaugurated the World’s largest Cricket Stadium Motera in Gujarat. www. jagranjosh.com Page 4 Before going in detail let us have brief details of Donald Trump. Full Name: Donald John Trump Date of Birth: June 14, 1946 (age 73), Place of Birth: Queens, New York City Height:6 feet and 2 inches Donald Trump's Political party: Republican (1987-1999, 2009-2011, 2012-present) Previous Political Party: Democratic-(until 1987, 2001-— 2009) Spouse(s): 1. Ivana Zelniékova (1977-1992), 2. Marla Maple (1993-1999), 3. Melania Knauss (2005) Children: 5, Donald Jr, lvanka, Eric, Tiffany, Barron Father: Fred Trump Mother: Mary Anne MacLeod Donald Trump worth: USS3.1 Billion (As per Forbes) Donald Trump Education: Bachelor of Science in www. jagranjosh.com Page 5 Economics (1968) Donald Trump Religion: Trump is a Presbyterian Current Designation: US President (20 January 2017) Let us know about some interesting facts about Donald Trump: 1). Donald John Trump is an American businessman, real estate businessman, TV personality, politician and writer. According to the Forbes website, Donald Trump's total assets, as of September 2019 was USS 3.1 billion. ea PCy Mies) aerate Cu Se era) Cote cat Pca Creare) Benin 2). Donald Trump has a 72-story home in the posh area of Manhattan, USA. Although, White house is the official residence of President Donald Trump. 3). Donald is the only American President to have his own ‘Board game’ that is named ‘Trump: The Game’. www. jagranjosh.com Page 6 4). Donald Trump's wife: Donald John Trump had three marriages. His current wife's name is ‘Malania Trump’. They both got married in 2005. Mr. Trump is 23 years older than his current wife. 5):-Donald Trump-was the oldest person to assume the presidency at the age of 70 years, 220 days. Before Trump, Ronald Reagan was the oldest to become the US President at the age of 69 years, 349 days. 6). Trump is the first President of America in 60 years who has never been a Governor. 7). In the 90s, Trump's real estate business was in severe lose that is why "Trump Plaza" was also declared bankrupt in 1992. 8). Trump also tried his hand in politics by creating a "Reform Party" in 1999. But after many internal conflicts www jagranjosh.com Page 7 within the party, he distanced himself from the election in February 2000. 9). Apart from real estate, Trump also has a clothing business. Trump’s companies prefer to manufacture clothes only in China and Bangladesh because of leap labour in these countries. 10). Mr. Trump purchased the loss-making Hotel ‘Commodore’ for $70 million in the 1970s and relaunched it as ‘The Grand Hyatt' in 1980. (D. Trump with his father) 11).The pageant of Miss Universe, Miss America, and Miss Teen America held in the USA. These pageants were owned by Donald Trump from 1996 to 2015. 12). Donald Trump is a very well-known author and he has authored more than 50 books. Some of Donald Trump's www. jagranjosh.com Page 8 books are; Trump: How to Get Rich, Time to Get Tough: Make America Great Again! Trump 101: The Way to Success, Midas Touch: Why Some Entrepreneurs Get Rich, Trump Never Give Up: How | Turned My Biggest Challenges into Success. 13). "The Apprentice" was a Trump-hosted game show that judges the business potential of the participants. For this show, Trump took upto $3.75 million for each episode. 14). Trump-is alsovvery fond of WWE. You must have seen him_in the WWE ‘ring boosting fighter: India and the whole world had high expectations from this new President of America, especially on the issues which he had discussed during his election campaign. It was expected that the Indo-US relationship would be stronger under the leadership of Trump. But this could not happen and Trump administration imposed higher import duty on Indian items and tightened the H1B Visa norms for foreign workers. These two steps have affected Indian interests negatively. www.jagranjosh.com Page 9 What is H-1B Visa? The H-1B Visa is a non immigrant Visa given by the USA government to foreign workers. The duration of H-1B is three years, extendable to six years. As per US Immigration Act, 1990; there are 65,000 foreign nationals can get H-1B visa each fiscal year. In addition to 20000 H- 1Bs are available to those foreign students who have completed masters or higher degree from U.S. universities. ry) ¥ ee ee H-1B Visa permits the American companies to provide temporary employment opportunities to immigrants in various professions. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) issues a total of 85,000 such visas — 65,000 for those applicants who have a bachelor degree or equivalent, and www. jagranjosh.com Page 10 20,000 for possessor of master's degree or higher education from American Universities. Indians are the main beneficiaries of this visa. This visa is granted for up to 3 years with the option to extend it to a maximum of 6 years. There are select cases in which you may be granted a stay longer than 6 years. This is usually in conjunction with a pending I-140 petition so that you can maintain your status. H-1B Visa Fees 2019-20 A_bill, passed in_2016-had increases the H-1B Visa fee 2019-20 by $4,000 by the U.S. Senate. These fees took effect on April 1st, 2017 a. Base Filing Fee: $460 b. USCIS Anti-Fraud Fee: $500 c. ACWIA Education and Training Fee: $750 for employers with less than 25 d. employees and $1500 for employers with greater than 25 employees e. Public Law 114-113 Fee: $4,000 www ,jagranjosh.com Page 11 f. Premium Processing (optional): $1,410 g. Attorney fee: Attorney Fee: $2100 (does not include RFE responses, if applicable) H-1B Visa is a kind of non immigrant Visa provided for immigration to United States of America under the Section 101 (15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of the USA. USA has made a particular process to grant H1B visa applicants so that only efficient individuals can get this visa. Following-questions and_answers are usually asked while an‘applicantis interviewed for H-1B-Visa. 1. If your manager throws you out of the job, what will you do? 2. Why your project can not be completed from your native country? 3. While in America, will you be working for a single company or for different companies? 4. What are your plans to return to India after work? 5. How your company is going to be benefitted if you get this visa? www jagranjosh.com Page 12 6. Whether there are any relatives or known people of you in America? 7. Have you checked that your company is trustworthy? 8. Can | see your bank statement? 9. Why did you choose United States of America only? 10. What is special in America which you do not find in India? American. employers can choose applicants for H-1B.Visa in two ways:* 1. Normal procedure for H-1B Visa 2. Premium Procedure for H-1B Visa The major difference between the two procedures is that the Premium procedure is faster as compared to the normal procedure though an extra fee of about $1225 is charged for premium visa application. Although the normal procedure to obtain an H-1B visa is cost efficient but it’s a lengthy procedure. No time limit has been declared by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in case of www jagranjosh.com Page 13 normal visa and it can take from one month to six months. Following steps are involved in the Visa procedure:- er op ore, ere Image source: H1B wiki 1. Sponsoring company will make the application & further approval for the H-1B Visa. A Sponsoring company can be an individual, a partnership or a firm. The application for this Visa is related to Service. If you are fired from your job or get transferred, the new employer will have to provide a New H-1B Visa. This Visa is valid for jobs only. 2. ‘Prevalent wage’ and offered real wage should be compared. H-1B Sponsoring company should have to pay more than the total of these two amounts. Prevalent wage is decided by the State Employment Security Agency www.jagranjosh.com Page 14 on the basis of roles & responsibilities, skills and experience. Real wage is decided on the basis of wage offered to other workers working in the same conditions. 3. Application for Employment Certificate:-Through this procedure, information regarding the H-1B Visa sponsoring company is obtained. 4. When the employment certificate is accepted by the authorities, a copy of this is returned to the H-1B visa sponsoring company. 5. The sponsoring company has to give information about getting the visa approval. to. the group dealings representatives within ten days.of approval. 6. Petition Approval:-After this, USCIS gives approval for the H-1B visa within stipulated time frame. Top 10 Longest Rivers in India Indus River is the largest river in India. Its length is approximate; 2900 KM. It originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar. India is a land of rivers and the Indian River system is classified into two part-Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers. www. jagranjosh.com Page 15 Rivers play an important role in the development of the country. India is a land of rivers and the Indian River system is classified into two part-Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular—Rivers. Most of the Indian rivers flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal but there\are only three rivers in India that run from east to the west Narmada, Mahi and Tapti River. Top 10 Longest Rivers in India 10. Tapi River Length (Km): 724 Origin (Source): Satpura Range Tributaries: Purna River, Girna River, Gomai, Panzara, Pedhi, Arna www. jagranjosh.com Page 16 Discharge its water: Gulf of Knambhat (Arabian Sea) 9. Cauvery River Length (Km): 800 Origin (Source): Originates at Talakaveri in Coorg District of Karnataka in Brahmagiri Range of hills in the Western ghats Tributaries: (Left tributaries- Harangi Reservoir, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathy; (Right tributaries- Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani River, Noyyal, Amaravati River, Moyar River). Discharge its water: Grand Anicut (South) 8. Mahanadi River Length (Km): 851 www jagranjosh.com Page 17 FREE BOOKS, NOTES & VIDEOS FOR CIVILSERVICES ay = | OOS ky L uPSC EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS. MAGZINES MATERIALS SECURE IAS| | fist | SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS TESTSERIES s nod seed. baal Videos foria] | newswale .. - . - USPC MAINS MATERIALS DAILY NEWSAPERS VIDEO FOR CIVILSERVICES: WT tal eas ees ee ifr" ethi Students te ; s DELHI CIVILSERVICES STUDENTS. BOOKS Test Series UPSC MAINS TESTSERIES. [GEOGRAPHY SS LLPPSC 2.SSC_ Pp. HISTORY 4.IBPS 5.RAS & RPSC 5. MATHEMATICS ENGINEERING BOOKS & MATERIAL #. SOCIOLOGY 1.1ES 2. GATE 3. IFoS F.PUBLIC_ ADMINISTRATION 4. COMPUTER SCIENCE » POLITICAL SCIENCE 5. MECHINICAL ENGINEERING 7. ECONOMICS OTHER TELEGRAM CHANNELS ; 1 GOVERNMENTJOBS ) COMMERCE ACCOUNTANCY 0 ANTHROPOLOGY 1 LAW 2 PHILOSOPHY 2 LEARN YOGA & MEDITATION 3 LEARN ENGLISH 4 BEST DELAS & OFFERS 5 IAS HINDI BOOKS 3 CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTANCY = 6 PDFs FOR ALL EXAMS 4 MEDICAL SCIENC 7, WORLD DI IRARY Origin (Source): Originates from Raipur district of Chhattisgarh Tributaries: (Left tributaries- Seonath, Mand, |b, Hasdeo); (Right tributaries- Ong, parry river, Jonk, Telen) Discharge its water: Bay of Bengal 7. Narmada River Length (Km): 1312 Origin (Source): Originates near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh Tributaries: (Left tributarties- Burhner River, Banjar River, Sher River, Shakkar River, Dudhi River, Tawa River, Ganjal River, Chhota Tawa River, Kaveri River, Kundi River, Goi River, Karjan River); (Right tributaries- Hiran River, Tendoni River, Choral River, Kolar River, Man River, Uri River, Hatni River, Orsang River). Discharge its water: Arabian Sea 6. Yamuna River Length (Km): 1376 Origin (Source): Originates from the Yamunotri glacier at www jagranjosh.com Page 18 the Banderpoonch peak in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand Tributaries: (Left tributaries- Hindon, Sharda, Giri, Rishiganga, Hanuman Ganga, Sasur Khaderi); (Right tributaries- Chambal, Betwa, Ken, Sindh, Tons). Nepal ils Allahabad India 5. Krishna River Length (Km): 1400 Origin (Source): Originates in the Western Ghats at an elevation of about 1337 m. just north of Mahabaleswar, about 64 km from the Arabian Sea. Tributaries: (Left tributaries- Bhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Musi, Paleru, Munneru; (Right tributaries- Venna, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhaganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, www jagranjosh.com Page 19 Tungabhadra). Discharge its water: Bay of Bengal 4. Godavari River Length (Km): 1465 Origin (Source): Originates near Nasik in Maharashtra Tributaries: (Left tributaries- Banganga, Kadva, Shivana, Purna, Kadam, Pranahita, Indravati, Taliperu, Sabari); (Right tributaries- Nasardi, Darna, Pravara, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani), Discharge its water: Bay of Bengal 3. Ganga River Length (Km): 2525 Origin (Source): Gangotri Tributaries: (Left tributaries-Ramganga, Garra, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Burhi Gandak Koshi, Mahananda); (Right tributaries- Yamuna, Tamsa, Son, Punpun, Kiul, Karamnasa, Chandan). Discharge its water: Bay of Bengal www jagranjosh.com Page 20 2. Brahmaputra River Length (Km): 2900 Origin (Source): Originates from Kailash ranges of Himalaya Tributaries: (Left tributaries- Dibang River, Lohit River, Dhansiri River, Kolong River); (Right tributaries- Kameng River, Manas River, Beki River, Raidak River, Jaldhaka River, Teesta River, Subansiri River) Discharge.its water: Bay of Bengal 1. Indus River Length (Km): 2900 Origin (Source): Originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar. Tributaries: (Left tributaries-Zanskar River, Suru River, Soan River, Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, Beas River, Sutlej River, Panjnad River, Ghaggar-Hakra River, Luni River); (Right tributaries-Shyok River, Hunza River, Gilgit River, Swat River, Kunar River, Kabul River, Kurram River, Gomal River, Zhob River). www.jagranjosh.com Page 21 Discharge its water: Arabian Sea Top 10 Longest Rivers in India Name of Rivers 1. Indus River 2. Brahmaputra River 3. Ganga River 4. Godavari River 5.Krishna River 6. Yamuna River 7. Narmada River 8. Mahanadi River 9. Cauvery River 10. Tapi River Length (Km) 2900 2900 2525 1465 1400 1376 1312 851 800 724 Hence, we can say that a river are not only important for human beings but also serves a great purpose to the animals and trees as well. www jagranjosh.com Page 22 World's largest Cricket Stadium in Gujarat Motera Stadium in Gujarat is famous as the world's largest cricket stadium in the world. This stadium was inaugurated by US President Donald Trump on 24th February 2020. The audience capacity of this new Motera Stadium will be 1.10 lacs. The project's estimated cost is pegged at Rs 700 crore and it would cover approx. 63 acres of land. The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), Australian also simply known as "The G", is the world's largest cricket stadium in the world. This stadium has an audience capacity of around 1,00,024 and the Field size is 171 m x 146 m. But the Sardar Patel Gujarat Stadium, Ahmedabad www. jagranjosh.com Page 23 snatched this tag from MCG because now the Motera Stadium is the world's largest cricket stadium. Let’s read some interesting facts about this new world’s largest cricket stadium. 1. The foundation stone of the Motera Stadium was laid in January 2018 and it is completed in 2020. It will be inaugurated by the US President Mr. Donald Trump on 24th February 2020. Gujarat Cricket Association (GCA) handed the stadium project to Larson & Toubro (L&T) while its designing will be done by-the architecture firm M/s Populous; the same firm that had-designed the Melbourne stadium. 2. The capacity of the stadium will be around 1.10 lacs audiences which will surpass the Melbourne stadium which has the capacity of around 100,024 viewers. As of now the Kolkata's Eden Gardens is reportedly at number 2 with the capacity of 66,000 which would be pushed to 3rd position. Currently, the audience capacity of this Motera stadium is around 54,000. 3. This new stadium will be dispersed in 63 acres. This stadium would comprise a clubhouse with over 50 rooms, 3 practice grounds for cricketers, 4 dressing rooms, 76 corporate boxes, an Olympic size swimming pool, an www jagranjosh.com Page 24 indoor cricket training academy a parking area that can accommodate around 3,000 four-wheeler cars and up to 10,000 two-wheelers. 4, Motera Stadium became operational in 1983 and became popular when in 1987 when Sunil Gavaskar scored his 10,000th Test run on this ground. He was the first batsman to reach the milestone. 5. On the same Motera ground Indian legend, Kapil Dev had broken Richard Hadlee's world record of 431 Test wickets. 6. The legendary, Sachin. Tendulkar had scored_his. first double century on this-ground in/1999- 7. After the completion of this stadium, India will have a total of 5 largest stadiums from the list of top 10 largest stadiums in the world. Cricket in India is always treated as the religion that is why even test matches attract a lot of crowds here. As we know that India has bid to host the 2023 Cricket World Cup. So it is the need of the hour to construct world-class cricket stadiums in the country. The construction or up- gradation of the Sardar Patel Gujarat Stadium in Motera is a good step in this direction. www jagranjosh.com Page 25 Holi 2020 Festival of Colors: History, Significance and Celebrations Entire country wears a cheerful look when it is time for Holi festivity. Market places get abuzz with bustles as frenzied shoppers start making provisions for the festival. "Holi is a time to reach out with the colors of joy. It is the time to love and forgive. It is the time expresses the happiness of being loved and to be loved through colors". - Anonymous Holi is the colourful festival that brings feeling of love and closeness among people. It marks the commencement of spring season in India after the winter season. It is also known as Rang Panchami. www. jagranjosh.com Page 26 It is celebrated with keenness and cheerfulness on the full moon day in the Phalgun month which is the month of March as per Gregorian calendar. Holi festival may be distinguished with an assortment of names & people of diverse states might be following dissimilar ethnicity. People spread colourful colours over each other. But, what makes Holi so exclusive and extraordinary is the spirit of it which remains the same all through the country & even across the globe, wherever it is celebrated.This article deals with the festival of Holi, how it is celebrated, its importance, history etc. Holi Preparations Entire country wears_a cheerful look when it is time for Holi_festivitys, Marketplaces get abuzz with’ bustles as frenzied shoppers start making provisions for the festival. Loads of diverse hues of abeer and gulal can be seen on the pavement days before the festival. Pichkaris in inventive and contemporary design too come up every year to entice the children who desire to collect them as Holi memorabilia and evidently, to wet everybody in the town. Womenfolk too start making early plannings for the holi festival as they cook loads of mathri, papri and gujiya for the family & also for the relatives. At some places, particularly in the North women also make papads & potato chips at this time. www jagranjosh.com Page 27 Season of Bloom Everybody gets enchanted at the onset of Holi as the season itself is so joyous. Holi is also called the Spring Festival - as it marks the influx of spring the season of hope & joy. The gloom of the winter goes as Holi assures of vivid summer days. Nature too, it seems exult at the arrival of Holi and wears its finest clothes. Fields get filled with crops gifting a good harvest to the farmers and flowers bloom colouring the surroundings and filling fragrance in the air. Holi Festival: History A Hindu festival, Holi has various legends associated with it. The foremost is the .legend.of demon King Hiranyakashyap;who demanded everybody in-his kingdom to worship him but his devout son, Prahlad became a follower of Lord Vishnu. Hiranyakashyap wanted his son to be slayed. He asked his sister Holika to enter a blazing fire with Prahlad in her lap as Holika had a boon which made him resistant to fire. Story goes that Prahlad was saved by lord himself for his extreme devotion and evil minded Holika was scorched to ashes, for her boon worked only when she penetrated the fire alone. Since that time, people light a flare, called Holika on Holi festival and rejoice the conquest of good over evil & also the conquest of fidelity to god. Children take extraordinary glee in the custom and this has another fable attached to it. www.jagranjosh.com Page 28 Some also commemorate the death of evil minded Pootana. The ogress tried to Lord Krishna as a toddler by feeding it poisonous milk while accomplishing the plan of Kansa, Krishna's devil uncle. On the other hand, Krishna sucked her blood & brought her end. Some who view the source of festivals from seasonal cycles consider that Pootana symbolizes winter & her death the termination & end of winter. Holika Dahan On the Holi eve, called Chhoti Holi, people congregate at significant crossroads and light massive bonfires; the ritual is called Holika Dahan. To deliver gratefulness to Agni;, gram-& stalks from the. yield_are also proffered to Agni_with allsmodesty. Ash left from this bonfire is also regarded as sacred & people apply it on their foreheads. People consider that the ash protects them from iniquity forces. Play of Colours Great exhilaration can be seen in people on the next day when it is essentially the time for the play of colors. Shops & offices stay closed for the day & people get all the time to get wild & whacky. Vivid colours of gulal & abeer fill the air & people take turns in bucketing colour water over each other. Therefore, we can say that Holi is a colourful festival celebrated across the country with joyous. It is the arrival of spring season and to signify the victory of good over www ,jagranjosh.com Page 29 evil. It also brings everyone together as one. International Women's Day 2020: Theme, History and Significance International Women's Day is celebrated in many countries around the world. It is a day when women are recognized for their achievements. What is the history of International women’s day, why is it celebrated, what is the theme of 2020 celebration, etc. International Women's Day is celebrated every year on 8 March in many countries around the world. It is a day when women are recognized for their achievements without regard to divisions, whether national, ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic or political. It is an occasion for looking back on past struggles and accomplishments, www jagranjosh.com Page 30 and more importantly, for looking ahead to the untapped potential and opportunities that await future generations of women. International Women's Day 2020: Theme The Campaign theme for International Women’s Day 2020 is #EachforEqual. The theme focuses on gender equality. An equal world is an enabled world. It raises awareness about gender equality that is essential for economies and communities to thrive. We can't ignore that a gender world can be healthier, wealthier and more harmonious. The_Campaign ‘theme for |nternational Women’s Day 2019 is #BalanceforBetter. The theme focuses at gender equality, greater awareness of discrimination and a celebration of women's achievements. The theme for International Women’s Day 2018 is "The Time is Now: Rural and urban activists transforming women’s lives”. In 1975, during International Women's Year, the United Nations began celebrating International Women's Day on 8 March. Two years later, in December 1977, the General Assembly adopted a resolution proclaiming a United www jagranjosh.com Page 31 Nations Day for Women's Rights and International Peace to be observed on any day of the year by Member States, in accordance with their historical and national traditions. In adopting its resolution, the General Assembly recognized the role of women in peace efforts, development and urged an end to discrimination with an increase of support for women's full and equal participation. International Women's Day first emerged from the activities of labour movements at the turn of the twentieth century in North America and across Europe. History of international Women’s Day 1909: The first National Woman's Day was observed in the United States on 28 February. The Socialist Party of America designated this day in honour of the 1908 garment workers' strike in New York, where women protested against working conditions. 1910: The Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen, established a Women's Day, international in character, to honour the movement for women's rights and to build support for achieving universal suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted with unanimous approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, which www jagranjosh.com Page 32 included the first three women elected to the Finnish Parliament. No fixed date was selected for the observance. 1911: As a result of the Copenhagen initiative, International Women's Day was marked for the first time (19 March) in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, where more than one million women and men attended rallies. In addition to the right to vote and to hold public office, they demanded women's rights to work, to vocational training and to end discrimination in the job. 1913-1914: International Women's Day also became a mechanism-for protesting World War_|. As part, of the peace movement, Russian women-observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February. Elsewhere in Europe, on or around 8 March of the following year, women held rallies either to protest the war or to express solidarity with other activists. 1917: Against the backdrop of the war, women in Russia again chose to protest and strike for "Bread and Peace" on the last Sunday in February (which fell on 8 March on the Gregorian calendar). Four days later, the Czar abdicated and the provisional Government granted women the right to vote. 1975: On 8th March United Nation started celebrating UN International Women’s Year in 1975. www jagranjosh.com Page 33 Source:www.ndtv.com 2011: Former US President Barack Obama proclaimed March as Women’s~History Month to »show /their extraordinary achievements and their_role in shaping the history of nation. Since those early years, International Women's Day has assumed a new global dimension for women in developed and developing countries alike. The growing international women's movement, which has been strengthened by four global United Nations women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a rallying point to build support for women's rights and participation in the political and economic arenas. Increasingly, International Women's Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to www.jagranjosh.com Page 34 celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of their countries and communities. The UN and Gender Equality @UN WOMEN United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women Source:www.un.org The Charter of the United Nations, signed in 1945, was the first international agreement to affirm the principle of equality between women and\ men.-Since then, the\UN has helped create a-historic legacy of internationally- agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide. Over the years, the UN and its technical agencies have promoted the participation of women as equal partners with men in achieving sustainable development, peace, security, and full respect for human rights. The empowerment of women continues to be a central feature of the UN's efforts to address social, economic and political challenges across the globe. No doubt to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) it is necessary to have transformative shifts, integrated approaches and new solutions, particularly for www. jagranjosh.com Page 35 advancing gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls. We know that innovation and technology provide unprecedented opportunities and trend also indicate about growing gender digital divide and women are under-represented in the field of science, technology, engineering, mathematics and design. To achieve transformative gains for the society it is necessary to develop gender-responsive innovations. It is vital that women's ideas and experiences equally influence the design and implementation of the innovations that shape our future societies. According to the sixty-third session-of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW63), in 2019 priority is given to the industry leaders, game-changing start-ups, social entrepreneurs, gender equality activists and women innovators to examine the ways in which innovation can remove barriers and accelerate progress for gender equality, encourage investment in gender responsive social systems and build services and infrastructure that meet the needs of women and girls. International Women's Day is an opportunity to accelerate the 2030 Agenda of building momentum for the effective implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially goal number 5 that is to achieve gender equality and empower all women and www jagranjosh.com Page 36 girls and goal number 4 that is to Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning. It is rightly said that “Life doesn’t come with a manual, it comes with a mother”. Source: www.un.org Awards and Honours Bharat Ratna Award: List of recipients (1954-2019) Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in the country. The first-ever Indians to receive this award were Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. V. Raman, and C. Rajagopalachari. Till date 48 awards have/been given: Pranab Mukherjee, ‘Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen- Hazarika are the latest recipients of this prestigious Bharat Ratna award 2019. Bharat Ratna can be given to any person irrespective of www .jagranjosh.com Page 37 race, occupation, position or sex. Bharat Ratna the highest civilian Award of the country was instituted in the year 1954. How many Bharat Ratna can be given in a year? There is a maximum of 3 persons that can be awarded, India's highest civilian award i.e. Bharat Ratna. In 2019, this award was given to 3 eminent persons namely; Pranab Mukherjee, Nanaji Deshmukh, and Bhupen Hazarika. Bharat Ratna Award: List of recipients Year Laureates Brief Description Bharat C. Rajagopalachari An Indian Ratna (First recipient of independence activist, 1954 Bharat Ratna statesman, and lawyer, Award) Rajagopalachari was the only Indian and last Governor-General of www. jagranjosh.com Page 38 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (First recipient of Bharat Ratna Award) Cc. V. Raman (First recipient of Bharat Ratna Award) www jagranjosh.com independent India. He was Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937-39) and Madras State (1952-54); and founder of the Indian political party Swatantra Party. He served as India's first Vice- President (1952-62) and second President (1962 —67). Since 1962, his birthday on 5 September is observed as "Teachers' Day" in India. Widely known for his work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the effect, better known as "Raman scattering", Raman mainly worked in the field of atomic physics and electromag Page 39 Bharat Bhagwan Das Ratna 1955 M. Visvesvaraya Jawaharlal Nehru www jagranjosh.com netism and was presented Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Independence activist, philosopher, and educationist, and co- founder of Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapithand worked with Madan Mohan Malaviya for the foundation of Banaras Hindu University. Civil engineer, statesman, and Diwan of Mysore (1912-18), was a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire. His birthday, 15 September, is observed as "Engineer's Day" in India. Independence activist and author, Nehru is the first and Page 40 Bharat Govind Ballabh Ratna Pant 1957 Bharat Dhondo-Keshav Ratna Karve 1958 www jagranjosh.com the longest-serving Prime Minister of India (1947-64). Independence activist Pant was premier of United Provinces (1937-39, 1946-50) and first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1950— 54). He served as Union Home Minister from 1955-61. Social reformer and educator, Karve is widely known for his works related to woman education and remarriage of Hindu widows. He established the Widow Marriage Association (1883), Hindu Widows Home (1896), and started Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's Page 41 Bharat Bidhan Chandra Ratna Roy 1961 Purushottam Das Tandon Bharat Rajendra Prasad www jagranjosh.com University in 1916. A physician, political leader, philanthropist, educationist, and social worker, Roy is often considered as "Maker of Modern West Bengal". He was second Chief Minister of West Bengal (1948- 62) and his birthday on 1 July is observed as National Doctors! Day in India. Often titled as "Rajarshi", Tandon was an independence activist and served as speaker of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1937-50). He was actively involved in a campaign to get official language status to Hindi. Independence activist, Page 42 Ratna 1962 Bharat Zakir Husain Ratna 1963 Pandurang Vaman Kane www jagranjosh.com lawyer, statesman, and scholar, Prasad was closely associated with Mahatma Gandhi in the non-cooperation movement for Indian independence. He was later elected as the first President of India (1950-62). Independence activist and education philosopher, Husain servedias a Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University (1948-56) and the Governor of Bihar (1957-62). Later, he was elected as second Vice-President of India (1962-67) and went on to become the third President of India (1967-69). Indologist and Sanskrit scholar, Kane is best Page 43 Bharat Lal Bahadur Shastri Ratna 1966 Bharat Indira Gandhi Ratna 1971 www jagranjosh.com known for his five- volume literary work, History of Dharmasastra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India; the "monumental" work that extends over nearly 6,500 pages and being published from 1930 to 1962. Known for his slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" ("Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer"), Independence activist Shastri served as second Prime Minister of India (1964-66) and led the country during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Known as the "Iron Lady of India", Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India during 1966-77 and 1980-84. During Page 44 the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, her government supported Bangladesh Liberation War which led to the formation of anew country, Bangladesh. Bharat V. V. Giri While studying at the Ratna University College 1975 Dublin, Giri was involved in the Irish Sinn Fein movement. Returning to India, he organized labour unions and brought them to take active participation in Indian freedom struggle. He was elected as the first President of the All India Trade Union Congress in 1926. Post- independence, Giri held positions of Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Mysore and www. jagranjosh.com Page 45 Bharat Ratna 1976 Bharat Ratna 1980 K. Kamaraj Mother Teresa www jagranjosh.com various other cabinet ministries. He became the first acting President and was eventually elected as the fourth President of India (1969-74). Independence activist and statesman Kamaraj was a former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for three terms; 1954-57, 1957-62, and 1962-63. "Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta" was a catholic nun and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work in 1979 and was beatified on 19 October 2003 by Pope John Paul Il and canonised on 4 Page 46 1983 Vinoba Bhave Bharat Khan Abdul Ghaffar Ratna Khan 1987 www jagranjosh.com September 2016 by Pope Francis. Independence activist, social reformer, anda close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Bhave is best known for his Bhoodan movement, "Land-Gift Movement". He was given the honorific title "Acharya" ("teacher") and was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1958) for his humanitarian work. Widely known as "Frontier Gandhi", independence activist and Pashtun leader Khan was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He joined Khilafat Movement in 1920 and founded Khudai Khidmatgar ("Red Shirt movement") in 1929. Page 47 1988 M. G. Ramachandran Bharat Ratna 1990 B. R. Ambedkar www jagranjosh.com Actor turned politician Ramachandran served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for three terms; 1977-80, 1980- 84, and 1985-87. Social reformer and leader of the Dalits ("Untouchabl es"), Ambedkar was the Chief architect of the Indian Constitution and.also served as the first Law Minister of India. Ambedkar predominantly campaigned against the social discrimination with Dalits, the Hindu varna system. He was associated with the Dalit Buddhist movement and accepted Buddhism as a religion along with his close to half a million Page 48 Nelson Mandela Bharat Rajiv Gandhi Ratna 1991 Vallabhbhai Patel www jagranjosh.com followers on 14 October 1956. Leader of the Anti- Apartheid Movement in South Africa, Mandela was the President of South Africa (1994-99). Often called as the "Gandhi of South Africa", Mandela's African National Congress movement was influenced by Gandhian philosophy. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi was the ninth Prime Minister of India serving from 1984 to 1989. Widely known as the "Iron Man of India", Patel was an independence activist Page 49 Morarji Desai Bharat Abul Kalam Azad Ratna 1992 www jagranjosh.com and first Deputy Prime Minister of India (1947-50). Post- independence, "Sardar" ("Leader") Patel worked with V. P. Menon towards dissolving 555 princely states into the Indian union. Independence activist Desai was the sixth Prime Minister of.India (1977-79). He is the only Indian national to be awarded the Nishan- e-Pakistan, highest civilian award given by the Government of Pakistan. Independence activist Azad was India's first Minister of Education and worked towards free primary education. He was widely known as "Maulana Azad" and Page 50 his birthday on 11 November is observed as National Education Day in India. Industrialist, philanthropist, and aviation pioneer, Tata founded India's first airline Air India. He is the founder of various institutes including Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Tata Motors, TCS, National Institute of Advanced Studies, and National Centre for the Performing Arts. J.R. D. Tata Having debuted as a director with Pather Panchali (1955), film- maker Ray is credited with bringing world Page 51 Satyajit Ray www jagranjosh.com Bharat Gulzarilal Nanda Ratna 1997 Aruna Asaf Ali A. P. J. Abdul Kalam www jagranjosh.com recognition to Indian cinema. In 1984, Ray was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema. Independence activist Nanda was two times interim Prime Minister of India (1964, 1966) and two times deputy chairman of the Planning. Commission. Independence activist Aliis better known for hoisting the Indian flag in Bombay during the Quit India Movement in 1942. Post-Independence, Ali was elected as Delhi's first mayor in 1958. Aerospace and defence scientist, Kalam was involved in the Page 52 www jagranjosh.com development of India's first satellite launch vehicle SLV Ill and was the architect of Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He worked for Indian National Committee for Space Research, Indian Space Research Organisation, Defence Research and Development Laboratory and/was appointed as the Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister, Secretary to Department of Defence Research and Development and Director General of Defence Research and Development Organisation. Later, he served as the eleventh President of India from 2002 till 2007. Page 53 Bharat Carnatic classical Ratna vocalist Subbulakshmi, 1998 often hailed as "Queen of songs", is the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award. M. S. Subbulakshmi Chidambaram Independence activist Subramaniam and former Minister of Agriculture of India (1964-66), Subramaniam is known for his contribution towards Green Revolution in India. During the late 1970s, he worked for International Rice Research Institute, Manila, and the International Maize and Wheat Research Institute, Mexico. Bharat Ratna 1999 Jayaprakash Independence activist, Narayan social reformer, and commonly referred as "Lok Nayak" ("People's www. jagranjosh.com Page 54 Amartya Sen Gopinath Bordoloi www jagranjosh.com Hero"), Narayan is better known for "Total Revolution Movement" or "JP Movement" initiated during the mid-1970s to “overthrow the corrupt and exploitative Congress government". Winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1998), Sen has done/research over several topics including social choice theory, ethics and political philosophy, welfare economics, decision theory, development economics, public health, and gender studies. Independence activist Bordoloi is the first Chief Minister of Page 55 Ravi Shankar Bharat Ratna 2001 Lata Mangeshkar www jagranjosh.com Assam (1946-50). His efforts and association with the then Minister of Home Affairs Vallabhbhai Patel were widely acknowledged while keeping Assam united with India when parts of it were to merge with East Pakistan. Winner of four Grammy Awards-and often considered "the world's best-known exponent of Hindustani classical music", sitar player Shankar is known for his collaborative work with Western musicians including Yehudi Menuhin and George Harrison. Widely credited as the "nightingale of India", playback singer Page 56 Bismillah Khan Bharat Bhimsen Joshi Ratna 2009 www jagranjosh.com Mangeshkar started her career in the 1940s and has sung songs in over 36 languages. In 1989, Mangeshkar was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema. Hindustani classical shehnai player, Khan played the instrument for more than eight: decades and is credited to have brought the instrument to the centre stage of Indian music. Hindustani classical vocalist, Joshi was a disciple of Kirana gharana, an Indian musical school. He is widely known for the Khyal genre of singing with a "mastery over rhythm and Page 57 accurate notes" .[ Bharat C.N.R. Rao The recipient of Ratna Honorary Doctorates 2014 from 63 Universities including Purdue, IIT Bombay, Oxford, chemist and professor Rao has worked prominently in the fields of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, Spectroscop y and Molecular Structure. He/has, authored around 1600 research papers and 48 books. Sachin Tendulkar He played 664 international cricket matches ina career spanning over two decades. He holds various cricket records including the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, www jagranjosh.com Page 58 Bharat Madan Mohan Ratna Malaviya 2015 Atal Bihari Vajpayee www jagranjosh.com the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in both ODI and Test cricket. Scholar and educational reformer Malaviya is a founder of Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha (1906) and Banaras Hindu University and served as the university's vice- chancellor from 1919 till 1938. He was the President of Indian National Congress for four terms and was the Chairman of Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946. Parliamentarian for over four decades, Page 59 Vajpayee was elected nine times to the Lok Sabha, twice to the Rajya Sabha and served as the Prime Minister of India for three terms; 1996, 1998, 1999-2004. He was Minister of External Affairs during 1977-79 and was awarded the "Best Parliamentarian" in 1994. Pranab Mukherjee He is an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017. He has been a Bharat senior leader in the Ratna Indian National 2019 Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. Prior to his election as President, www jagranjosh.com Page 60 Nanaji Deshmukh Bhupen Hazarika www jagranjosh.com he was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012. He was a social activist from India. He worked in the fields of education, health, and tural self-reliance. He was a member of RSS, a leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and also a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was honoured with the Padma Vibhushan in 1999. India’s first Saraswati Shishu Mandir was established by him at Gorakhpur in 1950. He was an Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, singer, poet and film-maker from Assam, widely known as Sudhakantha. Before he got Bharat Ranta Page 61 (India's highest civilian award), he received the National Film Award for Best Music Direction in 1975. Recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1987), Padmashri (1977), and Padmabhushan (2001), and also awarded with Dada Saheb Phalke Award (1992). Bharat Ratna awarded>in fecognition of» exceptional work/service-of the highest order_in-any field-of human endeavour as; art, social work, Public Affairs, Science & Engineering, Sports and Trade & Industry etc. The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President of India. List of Organs that help in Digestion of Human Body In the process of Digestion, food is broken down into smaller parts to provide energy. The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract, which is a series of www jagranjosh.com Page 62 organs joined from mouth to anus. This article deals with the list of organs that helps in the digestion. List of Organs that helps in Digestion of Human Body Coltbtadder —— Smott Intestine — Digestion -is. the, breakdown /of—food into | smaller components that ‘can be easily absorbed by the bloodstream. In our human body, there is a proper digestive system i.e. some group of organs work together and convert food into energy. The organs that participate in the digestion process include the gastrointestinal tract which is a very long tube. So we can say that the process of digestion takes place in the gastrointestinal tract, a long, connected, tubular structure that starts from the mouth and ends with the anus. This article deals with the organs that participate in the process of digestion along with some accessory glands associated with it. www. jagranjosh.com Page 63 Organs that help in Digestion Process Various organs are associated with the Digestion process or Human Digestive System: Mouth, Oesophagus or Food Pipe, Stomach, Small Intestine, and Large Intestine. 1. Mouth Food is ingested to mouth. The Buccal cavity or mouth consists of teeth, tongue and salivary glands. With the help of teeth, physical digestion of food takes place which helps the food to cut into small pieces, chews and grind it. Further salivary glands present in the mouth helps in the chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes. It contains enzymes known as salivary-amylase which, digest the starch present in food into sugar. We can say that the digestion of carbohydrate or starch begins in the mouth itself. But the digestion of food remains incomplete in the mouth. 2. Oesophagus or Food Pipe The slightly digested food goes to the stomach through the Food Pipe or Oesophagus. With the help of the peristaltic movement, food is pushed inside the stomach. The contraction and expansion of the movement of the walls of the food pipe after entering the slightly digested food is known as peristaltic movement. www jagranjosh.com Page 64 3. Stomach Do you know that food is churned in the stomach for three hours? In the stomach, food further breaks into smaller pieces and forms a semi-solid paste. Glands that are present in the walls of the stomach secrete gastric juice and contain three substances hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin, and mucus. The protein digestion begins in the stomach only with the help of the pepsin enzyme. 4, Small Intestine The small intestine is a long, thin tube about 1 inch in diameter and about 10 feet long. It is located just inferior to the stomach and takes up most of the space in the abdominal-cavity, With the help of ‘sphincter, muscle’ food from ‘the stomach releases in small amounts into the small intestine. Do you know that the largest part of the alimentary canal is the small intestine? It is the organ of the human body where complete digestion of food like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats takes place. The small intestine receives the secretions of two glands that is liver and pancreas and helps in the digestion of food. Even intestinal juice also helps in the carbohydrate digestion. After digestion, the molecules of food become small and pass through the small intestine and goes into our blood. Here, the digested food is also absorbed. www jagranjosh.com Page 65 5. Large Intestine The large intestine is a long, thick tube about 2.5 inches in diameter and about 5 feet long. It is located just inferior to the stomach and wraps around the superior and lateral border of the small intestine. A part of the food that cannot be digested by our body or cannot be absorbed by the small intestine passes into the large intestine. The wall of the intestine absorbs most of the water from the food and makes it solid. The rectum is the last part of the large intestine where this solid food for some time is stored and egested from our body through the anus as faeces or stool. Apart from-this, three associated digestive glands that are instrumentafl-in the process of/ digestion are Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder. Pancreas: It is known for blood sugar regulatory function with the production of insulin. Digestive enzymes are secreted by the pancreas, released into the small intestine and help in the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Liver: It produces bile juice which secretes enzymes and helps in the digestion of fat. Gallbladder: When fatty food enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile which is stored in it. These are the organs that help in the process of Human Digestion. www jagranjosh.com Page 66 List of highest wicket takers in Indian Premier League (IPL) The Indian Premier League (IPL) is the most famous professional Twenty20 cricket league in India. It was started in 2008 by the fugitive offender Lalit Modi. It is organised every year between March or April and May. Lasith Malinga is the leading wicket-taker in this league. He has taken 170 wickets in 122 matches. The Indian Premier League (IPL) is the most popular professional league in the world. It gives huge money and exposure to all International players. Mumbai Indians is the most successful team that has won 4 Indian Premier League(IPL) titles. www. jagranjosh.com Page 67 Several records are made in every edition of the Indian Premier League(IPL) every year. Virat Kohli is the highest run (5412) scorer in the IPL history while Suresh Raina is on the second number. In this article, we have published the name of all the highest wicket-takers in the IPL. List of 20 highest wicket-takers in Indian Premier League (IPL); Player Matches Wickets 1. Lasith Malinga 122 170 2. Amit Mishra 147 L57, 3. Harbhajan Singh 160 150 4» Piyush-Chawla 157 150 5. Dwayne Bravo 134 147 6. Bhuvneshwar Kumar 117 133 7. Ravichandran Ashwin 139 125 8. Sunil Narine 110 122 9. Umesh Yadav 119 119 10. Ravindra Jadeja 170 108 11. Ashish Nehra 88 106 12. Vinay Kumar 105 105 13. Zaheer Khan 100 102 14. Yuzvendra Chahal 84 100 15. Dale Steyn 92 96 16. Sandeep Sharma 79 95 17. Shane Watson 134 92 18. Mohit Sharma 85 91 www.jagranjosh.com Page 68 19. Praveen Kumar 119 90 20. RP Singh 82 90 The above list shows that there are 7 players in the top 10 list of highest wicket-takers in the IPL. Sunil Narine of West Indies has a record of the lowest economy rate in the top 20 players. In addition to the above records; just two players; Lasith Malinga and Sunil Narine have clinched 4 wickets in an innings on 6 occasions each. James Faulkner and Jaydev Unadkat are the only two players who have claimed 5 wickets two times each in a match. Note:\It_is worth-to mention that the records.created) in. IPL are not included in the official data of the International Cricket Council (ICC). So this was the list of top 20 players with the highest wickets in the Indian Premier League (IPL). www. jagranjosh.com Page 69 What is the impact of Coronavirus on Indian Economy? As we know that the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported from Wuhan, China on 31 December, 2019. Coronavirus is spreading worldwide. Have you ever thought about how it will impact the economy of India? Let us find out! Impact of Coronavirus on Indian Economy a RT: ms Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses that causes illness. It ranges from the common cold to more severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS- CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The novel coronavirus is a new strain of virus that has not been identified in human so far. www. jagranjosh.com Page 70 top 20 products (at the two-digit of HS Code) the India imports from the world, China accounts for significant shares in most of them. India’s total electronic imports account for 45% of China. Do you know that around one-third of machinery and almost two-fifths of organic chemicals that India purchases from the world come from China? For automotive parts and fertilisers China’s share in India’s import is more than 25%. Around 65 to 70% of active pharmaceutical ingredients and around 90% of certain mobile phones come from China to India. Therefore; we can\say that due to.thecurrent outbreak of coronavirus in China,-the import’ dependence on, China will have a significant impact on the Indian industry. China's share in total imports to India Organic chemicals Inorganic chemicals Medicinal & Pharma products. Dyes Sauce: epeiesmnwes ph In terms of export, China is India’s 3rd largest export partner and accounts for around 5% share. The impact www jagranjosh.com Page 72 may result in the following sectors namely organic chemicals, plastics, fish products, cotton, ores, etc. We also can’t ignore that most of the Indian companies are located in the eastern part of China. In China, about 72% of companies in India are located in cities like Shanghai, Beijing, provinces of Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Shandong. In various sectors, these companies work including Industrial manufacturing, manufacturing services, IT and BPO, Logistics, Chemicals, Airlines, and tourism. It has been seen that some sectors of India have been impacted—by the outbreak,of,.coronavirus in China including ~ shipping, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, mobiles, electronics, textiles, etc. Also, supply chain may affect some disruptions associates with industries and markets. Overall, the impact of coronavirus in the industry is moderate. According to CLSA report, pharma, chemicals, and electronics businesses may face supply-chain issues and prices will go up by 10 percent. The report also says that India could also be a beneficiary of positive flows since it appears to be the least-impacted market. Some commodities like metals, upstream and downstream oil companies, could witness the impact of lower global demand impacting commodity prices. www jagranjosh.com Page 73 Let us have a look at the sector-wise impact on Indian industry Chemical Industry: Some chemical plants have been shut down in China. So there will be restrictions on shipments/logistics. It was found that 20% of the production has been impacted due to the disruption in raw material supply. China is a major supplier of Indigo that is required for denim. Business in India is likely to get affected so people securing their supplies. However, it is an opportunity. US and EU will try and diversify their markets. Some of the business can be diverted to India which can also be taken as an advantage. Shipping Industry: Coronavirus outbreak has impacted the business of cargo movement service providers. As per the sources, per day per vessel has declined by more than 75- 80% in dry bulk trade. Auto Industry: Its impact on Indian companies will vary and depend upon the extent of the business with China. China’s business no doubt is affected. However, current levels of the inventory seem to be sufficient for the Indian industry. If the shutdown in China continues then it is expected to result in an 8-10% contraction of Indian auto manufacturing in 2020. www.jagranjosh.com Page 74 Pharmaceuticals Industry: Despite being one of the top formulations of drug exporters in the world, the pharma industry of India relies heavily on import as of bulk drugs. Due to the coronavirus outbreak, it will also be impacted. Textiles Industry: Due to coronavirus outbreak, several garments/textile factories in China have halted operations that in turn affecting the exports of fabric, yarn and other raw materials from India. Solar Power Sector: Indian developers may face some shortfall of raw materials needed in solar panels/cells and limited stocks from China. Electronics industry: The major supplier, is_ China\/in electronics being a final product or raw material used in the electronic industry. India’s electronic industry may face supply disruptions, production, reduction impact on product prices due to heavy dependence on electronics component supply directly or indirectly and _ local manufacturing. IT Industry: The New Year holidays in China has been extended due to coronavirus outbreak that adversely impacted the revenue and growth of Indian IT companies. Tourism and Aviation: Due to the coronavirus outbreak, the inflow of tourists from China and from other East www jagranjosh.com Page 75 Asian regions to India will lose that will impact the tourism sector and revenue. So, now you may have come to know about coronavirus. An outbreak of COVID-19 impacted whole world and has been felt across industries. World’s second-largest economy China became standstill. Its outbreak is declared as a national emergency by the World Health Organisation. In India, the impact may felt through supply chain disruptions from China and also as regional players, who imports from China. PASO IES FAC) Sa a History 1. The first person to reach Mount Everest - Sherpa Tenzing, Edmund Hillary 2. The first person to reach the North Pole - Robert Peary 3. The first person to reach the South Pole — Amundsen 4. The first religion of the world — Hinduism 5. The first country to print book — China 6. The first country to issue paper currency — China 7. The first country to commence a competitive examination in civil services — China 8. The first President of the U.S.A. - George Washington 9. The first Prime Minister of Britain - Robert Walpole 10. The first Governor-General of the United Nations - www. jagranjosh.com Page 76 Trygve Lie (Norway) Polity 1. The Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines and instructions on campaigning, general conduct, and meetings etc. during elections. The Model Code of Conduct remains effective until the entire elections process is not completed. 2. Electoral Bond refers to a bond that has its specified face value, mentioned on it like a currency note. These bonds can be used by individuals, institutions, and organizations to donate money to political parties without revealing the name of the donour. 3. These—electoral bonds will, be available in. the denomination, of Rs. 1,000, Rs, 10,000, Rs. 1 lac, Rs. 10 lacs and Rs. 1 crore. 4. As per Section 34 1 (a) of the Representation of the People Act,1951; it is mandatory for the general candidates to deposit security amount of Rs.25000 in case of Parliamentary constituency and Rs. 10, 000 to fight an election in Assembly Constituency. 5. Article 368 in Part XX of the Indian Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It states that the Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, add/remove an article, repeal any provision of the Constitution. 6. A private bill is a proposal for a law that would apply to a particular individual or group of individuals, or corporate entity. www jagranjosh.com Page 77 7. Public Bill is introduced in the parliament by a minister. It can be introduced by any member of the parliament other than a minister. It reflects the policies of the government (ruling party). It reflects the mood of the political party on the public matter. It has greater chance to be passed by the parliament. 8. Supreme Court came into existence on 26 January, 1950 and is the apex court in India. It is located on Tilak Marg, New Delhi. It is a Constitutional body which is laid down in Part V of the Chapter V of the Constitution of India from Articles 124 to 147. 9. The function of Supreme Court is that it is the custodian of the Constitution and is the uppermost court of appeal which listens to the appeals in opposition to the verdicts of the High Court of the Union Territories and States. 10. It consists of Chief Justice of India and 30 otherJudges designated by the President of India and the retirement age of Supreme Court Judges is 65 years. Geography 1. The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) is a research programme that studies the phenomenon of global change. This programme envisions coordinating international research on global-scale and regional-scale interactions between Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and their interactions with human systems. 2. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) www ,jagranjosh.com Page 78 was launched in 1987 by International Council of Scientific Union. 3. The project of the IGBP encompasses the areas of ocean studies (GLOBEC), land(GLP), atmosphere(IGAC), marine geochemistry (IMBER), land-ocean (LOCIZ), ocean- land(SOLAS) interactions, paleoclimatic studies(PAGES), earth systems as a whole(AIMES). 4. The prime objective of the International Geosphere- Biosphere Programme (IGBP) is to provide essential scientific leadership and knowledge of the Earth system to help guide society onto a sustainable pathway during rapid global change. 5. The river basin is an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. It»encompasses the entire land surface dissected and, drained- by many/streams and«Creeks that flow downhill into one another. Land and water are ecologically linked in a natural system of the river basin. 6. The command area is the area around the dam/ project, where the area gets benefits from the dam, such as irrigation water, electricity, etc. It is an area which can be irrigated from a scheme and is fit for cultivation. 7. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that is produced by oscillating electric and magnetic disturbance, or by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a vacuum or matter. 8. The first spectrum of the electromagnetic waves includes gamma rays, hard x-rays, soft x-rays and ultra violet rays. 9. The second spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation www ,jagranjosh.com Page 79 waves also called the spectrum of visible light includes violet, blue, green, yellow, orange and red rays. 10. Third spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation waves is called as infrared spectrum. Fourth spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation waves consists of long waves including microwaves, radar waves and radio waves. Science and Technology 1. Asteroids orbit the sun and are rocky, metallic bodies. They are made up of several rocks and metals like nickel, iron etc. Asteroids are also known as minor planets because they are very small than planets or moon. 2. Most of the asteroids are located in the asteroid belt in a large donut-shaped ring between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids orbit approximately 2 to 4 AU (186 million to 370 million miles/300 million to 600 million kilometers) from the sun. 3. In 1665, Isaac Newton discovered that white light consists of seven colours. He found that if a beam of white light is passed through glass prism then it will split in to seven colours. These colours are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (VIBGYOR). 4. Refraction is the bending of light when it goes from one medium to another so, when a ray of light passes through a glass prism, refraction of light occurs both, when it enters the prism as well as when it leaves the prism. 5. The Human eye works on the refraction of light through a natural convex lens made up of transparent living www. jagranjosh.com Page 80 material and enables us to see things around us. 6. Resistance is the hindrance to the flow of electric charge. The obstruction posed in the way of current carrying particles by fixed particles creates resistance in an electric circuit. 7. Resistors: are those substances which have comparatively high electrical resistance. Alloys like nichrome, manganin and constantan (eureka) have high resistance i.e why they are used in electrical devices. Therefore, a resistor reduces the current in a circuit. 8. Insulators: are those substances which have infinitely high electrical resistance. It does not allow electricity to flow through it, e.g Rubber, wood etc. 9. Reflection of Light is the process of sending back the light_rays which_falls-on the surface of an Object. The image formed due to reflection of an object on a plane mirror is at different places. 10. First law of reflection: According to the first law, the incident ray, reflected ray and normal, all lie in the same plane. Second law of reflection: According to the second law, the angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of incidence. Economy 1. The merger is the process by which two or more companies decide to come together and merge together and created a new company often with a new name rather than remain separately owned and operated. www ,jagranjosh.com Page 81 2. The merger helps in reducing the weakness and get a competitive edge in the market. In the merger process, the merging companies share information related to debt, resources, technology, and assets etc. 3. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an independent inter-governmental body that develops and promotes policies to protect the global financial system from misuse by the terrorist and other miscreants. 4. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures to combat terror financing, money laundering, human trafficking and other related threats to the integrity of the International Financial System. 5. FATE issued its first Recommendations in 1990s which were revised in 1996, 2001, 2003 and most recently in 2012 to ensure that they remain up to date and relevant, and they are intended to be fit for universal application. 6. Under Article 112 of the constitution, a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure, called the ‘Annual Financial Statement’, has to be placed before Parliament for each financial year. 7. The capital budget consists of capital receipts and payments. Capital receipts are Government loans raised from the public, Government borrowings from the Reserve Bank and treasury bills, divestment of equity holding in public sector enterprises, loans received from foreign Governments and bodies, securities against small savings, State provident funds, and special deposits. www jagranjosh.com Page 82 8. The revenue budget consists of revenue receipts of the Government and its expenditure. Revenue receipts are divided into tax and non-tax revenue. Tax revenues constitute taxes like income tax, corporate tax, excise, customs, service and other duties that the Government levies. 9. The primary deficit is the fiscal deficit minus interest payments. It tells how much' of the Government's borrowings are going towards meeting expenses other than interest payments. 10. Central plan outlay: It refers to the allocation of monetary resources among the different sectors in the economy and the ministries of the Government. List of battles fought by Shivaji The world's 10 most dangerous games What is Article 370? How is National Science Day celebrated in India? Why is World Cancer Day is celebrated? ee ee a www. jagranjosh.com Page 83 1. What is Coronavirus? A. It is a large family of viruses. B. It belongs to the family of Nidovirus. C. Both A and B are correct D. Only A is correct. Ans. C Explanation: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and belong to the Nidovirus family or Nidovirales order, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Roniviridae families. 2. World.-Health, Organisation on 11 February, 2020 announced “an ‘official name) for-the disease that is causing the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak? What is the new name of the disease? A. COVID-19 B. COVn-19 C. COnV-20 D. COnVID-19 Ans. A Explanation: WHO named the disease that is caused by the novel coronavirus as COVID-19. 3. The first case of novel coronavirus was identified in..... A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Wuhan, Hubei www. jagranjosh.com Page 84 D. Tianjin Ans. C Explanation: The first case of novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. 4. Which of the following diseases are related to coronavirus? A. MERS B. SARS C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Ans. C Explanation: Coronavirus may cause illness from the common cold to more_other serious diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). 5. Mild Symptoms of Novel coronavirus are: A. Fever B. Cough C. Shortness of breath D. All the above Ans. D Explanation: People infected with novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV reported with mild symptoms namely fever, cough and shortness of breath. Whereas other common symptoms may include runny nose, headache, sore throat, a general feeling of unwell, etc. 6. From where coronavirus got its name? www. jagranjosh.com Page 85 A. Due to their crown-like projections. B. Due to their leaf-like projections. C. Due to their surface structure of bricks. D. None of the above Ans. A Explanation: Due to their crown-like projections on the surfaces coronaviruses got their name. The virus resembles a crown when viewed under an electron microscope. "Corona” in Latin means "halo" or "crown". 7. What are the precautions that need to be taken to protect from the coronavirus? A. Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing. B. Add more garlic into your diet. C. Misit your doctor for antibiotics treatment D. Wash your hands after every hour. Ans. A Explanation: According to WHO, a person can take precautions by covering the nose and mouth while sneezing via tissue or an elbow. Then, immediately throw the tissue into a closed dustbin. 8. Which of the following diseases are caused due to a virus? A. Ebola B. AIDS C. SARS D. All the above Ans. D www. jagranjosh.com Page 86 Explanation: Viral diseases are diseases that are caused due to virus namely AIDS, Ebola, Influenza, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), Chikungunya, Small Pox, etc. 9. Name the virus that is transmitted through the biting of infected animals, birds, and insects to a human? A. Rabies Virus B. Ebola Virus C. Flavivirus D. All the above Ans. D Explanation: Transmission of the virus through the biting of infected-animals, birds, and.insects to humans is known as“_Zoonoses. “Examples: / Rabies~-virus./

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