Payment or Performance

NPC v Ibrahim The general rule in determining “just compensation” in eminent domain is the value of the property as of the date of the filing of the complaint
LBP v. ONG Unjust enrichment exists “when a person unjustly retains a benefit to the loss of another, or when a person retains money or property of another
against the fundamental principles of justice, equity and good conscience. The principle of unjust enrichment essentially contemplates payment
when there is no duty to pay, and the person who receives the payment has no right to receive it.

TIBIAJA V CA RA 625(Central Bank Act) Section 63. Legal character—Checks representing deposit money do not have legal tender power and their acceptance
in the payment of debts, both public and private, is at the option of the creditor: Provided, however, that a check which has been cleared and
credited to the account of the creditor shall be equivalent to a delivery to the creditor of cash in an amount equal to the amount credited to his
account.
A check, whether a manager’s check or ordinary check, is not legal tender, and an offer of a check in payment of a debt is not a valid tender of
payment and may be refused receipt by the oblige or creditor
Bognot v CA Under this evidentiary situation, the petitioner cannot validly deny his obligation and liability to the respondent solely on the ground that the
Promissory Note in question was tampered. In order to give novation legal effect, the creditor should consent to the substitution of a new debtor.
Novation must be clearly and unequivocally shown, and cannot be presumed.

PNB v Tan Dee There are two phases involved in the transactions between respondents PEPI and Dee the first phase is the contract to sell, which eventually became the second
phase, the absolute sale, after Dees full payment of the purchase price. In a contract of sale, the parties obligations are plain and simple. The law obliges the vendor
to transfer the ownership of and to deliver the thing that is the object of sale. On the other hand, the principal obligation of a vendee is to pay the full purchase
price at the agreed time. The obligation of PEPI, as owners and vendors of Lot 12, Block 21-A, Village East Executive Homes, is to transfer the ownership of and to
deliver Lot 12, Block 21-A to Dee, who, in turn, shall pay, and has in fact paid, the full purchase price of the property. There is nothing in the decision of the HLURB,
as affirmed by the OP and the CA, which shows that the petitioner is being ordered to assume the obligation of any of the respondents. There is also nothing in the
HLURB decision, which validates the petitioners claim that the mortgage has been nullified.The order of cancellation/release of the mortgage is simply a
consequence of Dees full payment of the purchase price.

Liability of sureties an a bail bond is conditioned upon appearance of the accused at the- time set for arrangement or trial or at any other time f ixed by the court, it
being a settled doctrine that a bondsman is the jailer of the accused and absolutely responsible for his custody, with duty at all times to keep him under surveillance