1.
Resistance
to
range
of
motion
in
both
directions
Spasticity
–(aka
hyperreflexia)
Rigidity
–increase
in
muscle
tone
to
passive
motion
Hypotonia
–decreased
metabolic
rate,
cool
temperature,
bradycardia,
myxedema
and
lack
of
rigidity
Flaccidity
-‐
3.
What
nerve
is
tested
upon
turning
head
against
resistance?
III
–
Oculomotor
nerve
(tested
with
CN,
IV
and
VI:
direct
and
consensual
light
reflex,
accommodation,
EOM,
size
and
shape
of
pupils)
VII
–Facial
nerve
(eyebrow
elevation,
wrinkle
forehead,
eye
closure,
smiling,
puffing
of
cheeks)
IX
–Glossopharyngeal
nerve
(tested
with
CN
X:
check
of
position
and
symmetry
of
palate
and
uvula
at
rest
with
phonation,
gag
reflex)
XI
–Spinal
Accessory
(turning
head
against
resistance,
shrug
shoulders
5.
CN
tested
by
stroking
of
forehead
for
tactile
sensation:
Optic
–visual
acuity
Oculomotor
-‐EOM
Trigeminal
–Sensory
testing
to
light
touch
and
pain/temperature
(ophthalmic
branch:
forehead,
maxillary
branch:
cheeks;
Mandibular
branch:
jaw)
Glossopharyngeal
–gag
reflex
6.
Cluster
of
signs
and
symptoms
occurring
together
with
seizures
as
its
major
manifestation?
Seizure
–abnormal
excessive
neuronal
discharge
arising
from
the
brain
that
is
capable
of
causing
alteration
in
function
and/or
behavior
Convulsion
–type
of
seizure
with
motor
component
(shiver)
Epilepsy
–recurrent
unprovoked
seizure
(no
fever
but
with
convulsions)
Epilepsy
syndrome
7.
Which
of
the
following
pathophysiologic
mechanism
is
mostly
associated
with
expression
of
Myasthenia
Gravis.
Idiopathic
immune
mediated
polyradiculopathy
–Chronic
inflammatory
demyelinating
polyneuropathy
(CIPD)
Antibodies
against
ACTH
receptor
–in
acquired
MG,
post-‐synaptic
muscle
membrane
is
distorted
and
simplified,
having
lost
its
normal
foldings
Polyneuropathic
demyelination
-‐CIPD
All
of
the
above
8.
Common
age
of
onset
of
absence
seizures:
1-‐3
3-‐5
5-‐9
9-‐11
9.
Idiopathic,
nonconvulsive
seizures
characterized
by
sudden
interruption
of
consciousness
resembling
that
of
absentmindedness
or
daydreaming
Febrile
seizure
Absence
seizure
West
syndrome
Grand
mal
10.
The
following
structures
modulate
activity
of
the
corticospinal
and
corticobulbar
systems
Basal
ganglia
Pyramidal
tract
-‐motor
Cerebellum
A
and
C
11.
Major
inputs
to
basal
ganglia
came
from:
Prefrontal
Premotor
cortex
Parietal
&
temporal
AOTA
13.
True
of
Parkinson’s
A
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
Loss
of
dopaminergic
nigrostriatal
neurons
Both
Neither
14.
Synthetic
drug
related
to
production
of
Parkinson’s:
(??)
Shabu
–induces
Parkinson’s
Marijuana
–can
cure
Parkinson’s
(daw,
may
youtube
ni
Michael
J.
Fox)
Cocaine
MPTP
18
Which
relationship
is
incorrect?
Right
hemiparesis
(weakness
more
in
Lower
extremities=
ACA)
Right
hemiparesis
(weakness
more
in
Upper
Extremities=
MCA)
Pontine
infarction=
Basal
artery
Thalamic
infarct
=
VA
–thalamic
infarct
or
lacunar
infarct
most
commonly
due
to
microatheroma,
lipohyalinosis
and
fibrinoud
necrosis
secondary
to
uncontrolled
HPN
20.
Crossed
motor/sensory
deficits
are
found
in
occlusive
disease
of
the
Cerebrum
–seizure,
language
disorder,
organic
mental,
behavior
and
personality
change
Cerebellum
-‐ataxia,
intentional
tremor,
dysmetria,
dysdiadochokinesia
Brain
stem
None
of
the
above
23.
Vestibular
afferents
from
crista
in
the
semi-‐circular
canals
control:
Linear
acceleration
–macula
(utricle
and
saccule):
otholitic
membrane
is
pushed
down
with
deflection
of
sensory
hair
cells
causing
depolarization
of
vestibular
afferents
Angular
acceleration
–rotational
head
movements
causes
displacement
of
endolymph
that
pushes
cupula
and
deflection
of
sensory
hair
cells
Head
bending
forward
–same
as
linear
acceleration
Head
upward
–linear
acceleration
24.
Vertigo
in
peripheral
vestibular
lesion:
Often
constant
Severe
Both
Neither
Peripheral
Vestibular
lesion
Central
vestibular
lesion
Vertigo
Intermittent,
severe
Constant,
less
severe
Hearing
loss/
tinnitus
+
+/-‐
FND
-‐
+
Direction
of
nystagmus
Horizontal
Horizontal,
vertical,
rotational
Influence
of
gaze
Unidirectional;
does
not
change
Bidirectional;
change
direction
direction
with
gaze
with
gaze
Visual
fixation
Inhibit
nystagmus
Does
not
inhibit
nystagmus
25.
Hearing
loss/
tinnitus
is
often
present
in
vertigo
secondary
to:
Peripheral
vestibular
lesion
Central
vestibular
lesion
Both
Neither
30.
Treatment
of
Status
Epilepticus
before
ER
Carbamazepine
Oral
Diazepam
rectal
or
IV
Phenytoin
Oral
Pregabalin
IV
31.
Protein
abnormality
associated
with
senile
plaques
in
Alzheimer's
disease.
Tau
–fibirillary
tangles
Beta
amyloid
Alpha
synuclein
–lewy
body
dementia
Prion
32.
Alzheimer's
disease
clinically
presents
initially
with
the
cognitive
impairment
of:
Language
Executive
function
Memory
Attention
35.
Neurotransmitter
controls
intrusion
of
REM
into
wakefulness
(??)
Glycine
Orexin
–balances
wakefulness
and
sleep;
stabilizing
factor
Glutamine
–
REM
on-‐cells:
Glutamate
38.
Aside
from
Excessive
daytime
sleepiness,
another
important
symptom
of
narcolepsy
is:
(narcolepsy:
chronic
excessive
daytime
sleepiness
distinguished
by
intrusions
into
wakefulness
of
physiological
aspect
of
REM
sleep)
Hallucination
Cataplexy
Disturbed
sleep
All
of
the
above
40.
Patient
complaining
of
headache
presented
with
ptosis
&
anisocoria
on
neurologic
exam.
What
dx
test
is
most
appropriate?
MRI
TCD
CTA
Lumbar
puncture
42.
A
patient
with
brainstem
dysfunction
may
present
with
the
following
except:
Ipsilateral
CN
defect
Ataxia
Contralateral
hemiparesis
Aphasia
–cerebral
hemisphere
43.
Patient
complained
of
double
vision
and
drooping
eyelids
in
the
later
part
of
the
day
and
is
relived
upon
waking
up
in
the
morning.
Where
is
the
problem?
Brainstem
Oculomotor
Nucleus
Myoneural
Junction
–MG
(no
ptosis
in
the
morning,
only
apparent
at
the
end
of
the
day)
External
Ocular
Muscles
44.
Hirschberg
test
used
to
evaluate:
Pupillary
size
defect
Alignment
of
eyes
–test
for
strabismus
Drooping
of
eyelid
None
45.
Patient
was
brought
to
the
ER
because
of
severe
sudden
headache
and
vomiting
followed
by
loss
of
consciousness.
What
test
should
be
done?
Cranial
MRI
Lumbar
puncture
–absolute
contraindication:
if
with
purulent
open
wound
around
area
of
LP;
relative
contraindication:
increased
ICP
Cranial
CT
scan
–emergency,
do
CT
scan…
wag
MRI
Digital
subtraction
angiography
47.
A
lumbar
puncture
is
usually
done
between
___
vertebral
levels?
L1L2
L2L3
L3L4
L5S1
49.
Dementing
disorder
presenting
early
with
behavior/personality
changes
instead
of
memory
loss
Alzheimer's
Frontotemporal
Dementia
DLB
ALS
50.
60
year
old
male
with
rapidly
progressive
dementia
with
myoclonus
jerks
Creutzfeld-‐Jakob
Disease
Joseph
Machado
Disease
Pick's
disease
Wernicke's
encephalopathy
51.
Most
prevalent
dementia
worldwide
is?
Vit
B12
deficiency
w/
dementia
Alzheimer’s
disease
Pick's
disease
Diffuse
Lewy
Body
disease
57.
Demyelinating
disease
seen
among
Filipinos
MS
Schilders
Devics
Balos
–
most
common
in
the
Philippines
58.
Characteristic
of
Multiple
Sclerosis,
except:
Young
adult
(21-‐40
y/o:
child
bearing
age)
Common
in
tropical
climates
(temperate
climates)
Relapses
and
remission
(most
common
course
of
MS)
Lesion
at
different
space
and
time
Predictors
of
Favorable
prognosis
Factors
of
worse
prognosis
• Female
sex
• Male
gender
• Onset
<40
• Late
onset
• Presentation
with
visual
or
• Progressive
form
of
onset
somatosensory
rather
than
pyramidal
or
• Motor
symptoms
cerebellar
dysfunction
• Poor
recovery
from
first
attack
60.
What
is
the
most
common
etiologic
agent
of
neonatal
purulent
meningitis?
E.
coli
–most
common
in
neonates
(children
most
common:
H.
influenza)
Group
B
strep
Neisseria
A
and
B
62.
Complications
of
TB
meningitis
include
the
ff:
(TB
meningitis
attacks
basal
part
of
brain
so
CN
are
affected)
Blindness
Deafness
Seizure
All
of
the
above
63.
Presence
of
Homonymous
Hemianopsia,
Papilledema,
Signs
of
increase
ICP
indicate?
Cerebral
abscess
Frontal
Lobe
abscess
Temporal
lobe
abscess
Any
of
the
above
64.
Which
of
the
following
is
not
pain
sensitive
Brain
parenchyma
Arteries
at
the
base
of
the
brain
Venous
sinuses
Dural
arteries
Pain
sensitive
Pain
insensitive
• Cranial
venous
sinus
• Brain
parenchyma
• Arteries
at
base
of
brain
• Ependymal
• Arteries
of
dura
• Choroid
• Dura
near
base
of
brain
and
large
• Pia
arteries
• Arachnoid
• All
extra-‐cranial
structures
• Dura
over
convexity
• Skull
65.
Which
of
the
following
is
not
an
indication
for
prophylactic
medicine
use
for
migraine.
Attacks
>
2
–
3
attacks
per
month
Absence
of
aura
Severe
attacks
that
last
more
than
48
hours
Attacks
occur
after
prolonged
aura
Indications
of
prophylactic
treatment
of
migraine:
• Attack
>2-‐3
times/month
• >48
hrs
• Severe
attack
of
headache
• Psychologically
cannot
cope
with
the
headache
• Treatment
of
acute
attacks
provides
inadequate
relief
or
therapy
produces
serious
SE
• Attacks
after
prolonged
aura
66.
Which
of
the
following
abortive
meds
for
migraine
is
contraindicated
in
patients
with
CHD?
NSAID
5-‐HT
agonists
Dopamine
antagonists
(chlorpromazine)
Aspirin
68.
True
of
primary
brain
tumor:
More
common
than
metastatic
lesion
–metastatic
more
common
Glial
in
origin
–most
common
Both
Neither
69.
True
of
metastatic
bone
lesions:
(??)
Usually
solitary
nodule
–multiple
(GBM
and
metastatic)
Infiltrating
nature
Both
Neither
70.
True
of
Primary
CNS
Lesions
(??)
Leptomeningeal
Spread
Periventricular
location
Both
Neither
Vertigo
Physical
motion
of
Dysfunction
of
the
Rotating,
spinning,
rotation
of
self
and
vestibular
system
whirling,
oscilating,
environment
rocking,
tilting,
swaying
Disequilibrium/
Ataxia
Imbalance
of
stance
Dysfunction
of
sensory
Unsteadiness,
(incoordinate
mov’t)
and
gait
(proprioception),
imbalance,
falling
to
cerebellar
and
one
side,
vestibular
pathways
incoordination,
“wearing
a
new
pair
of
eyeglasses”
feeling
Near
syncope
(Pre-‐ Sensation
of
faintness
Disturbed
blood
flow
Lightheadedness,
syncope,
syncope)
to
brain
(global
fainting,
giddiness,
cerebral
ischemia)
passing
out,
“candle
being
slowly
exhauseted”
Ill-‐defined
dizziness
Accompanies
anxiety
Psychological
issue
Feeling
low,
weakness,
(pseudovertigo)
and
depression
fatigue,
feeling
of
unreality
88.
Paraplegia
A
(cervical
cord
lesion)
89.
Language
problems
B
(cerebral
lesion)
A.
Arsenic
B.
Dapsone
C.
Diabetic
polyneuropathy
D.
Carpal
tunnel
syndrome
97.
Mees
Lines
A
(arsenic)
98.
Treatment
for
leprosy
B
(dapsone)
99.
Medial
nerve
entrapment
D
(carpal
tunnel
syndrome)
100.
Diabetic
polyneuropathy
(most
common
cause
of
polyneuropathy,
distal
asymmetrical,
primary
sensory
form
of
polyneuropathy,
CN
3
and
6,
papillary
sparing)
A.
Myasthenia
Gravis
B.
LEMS
C.
Both
D.
Neither
101
Presynatic
B
(LEMS)
102
Postsynaptic
A
(MG)
103
Incremental
B
(LEMS)
104
Decremental
A
(MG)
105
Thymoma
A
(MG)
A.
Guillain-‐Barré
Syndrome
B.
Myasthenia
Gravis
C.
Status
Epilepticus
D.
Stroke
106.
Antibodies
vs
Ach
Receptor
B
(MG)
107.
Atrial
Fibrillation
D
(Stroke)
108.
Atherosclerosis
D
(Stroke)
109.
Acute
inflammation
of
motor
roots
A
(GBS)
110.
INH
toxicity
C
(Status
epilepticus)
A.
Myopathy
B.
Neuropathy
111.
Sensory
loss
B
(neuropathy)
112.
Pain
is
present
B
(neuropathy)
113.
Weak
at
proximal
A
(myopathy)
114.
Hyporeflexia
B
(neuropathy)
115.
Pseuohypertrophy
A
(myopathy)
Neuropathy
Myopathy
Weakness
Distal
>
Proximal
Proximal>
Distal
DTR
Severe
reduction/early
loss
Mild
reduction/
late
loss
Sensory
Distal/
ascending
Preserved
True
of
Hypokalemic
Periodic
Paralysis
116.
An
apparent
normal
person
awakens
with
severe
weakness
of
the
limbs
A
117.
Alteration
in
the
level
of
consciousness
is
usually
an
accompanying
manifestation
B
118.
The
weakness
is
painless
A
119.
Attacks
are
precipitated
by
a
prior
high
carbohydrate
meal
A
120.
The
weakness
is
also
induced
by
potassium
loading
and
changes
in
temperature
B