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Questions 5.1
Date/Time April 27, 2020 at 4:13 AM (UTC/GMT) You answered 12 questions, and left 0 questions blank.
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1. How do you determine the number of degrees of freedom of a lumped-mass system?

Your Answer:
okeee

Number of degrees of freedom = (number of masses in the system) × (number of possible types of
motion of each mass)

2. Define: mass coupling, velocity coupling, and elastic coupling.

Your Answer:
okeee

If the mass matrix is not diagonal, the system is said to have mass coupling.
If the damping matrix is not diagonal, the system is said to have velocity coupling.
If the stiffness matrix is not diagonal, the system is said to have elastic coupling.

3. Is the nature of the coupling dependent on the coordinates used?

Your Answer:
okeee

Yes.

4. How many degrees of freedom does an airplane in flight have if it is treated as (a) a rigid body, and (b) an
elastic body?
Your Answer:
okeee

(a) Six: for a rigid body

(b) Infinity: for an elastic body.

5. What are principal coordinates? What is their use?

Your Answer:
okeee

The coordinates that lead to equations of motion that are both statically and dynamically uncoupled, are
known as principal coordinates. They are useful since the resulting equations of motion can be solved
independently of one another.

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6. Why are the mass, damping, and stiffness matrices symmetrical?

Your Answer:
okeee

Due to symmetry of influence coefficients; that is, the force along xi to cause a unit displacement along xj
is same as the force along xj to cause a unit displacement along xi.

7. What is a node?
Your Answer:
okeee

Node is a point in the system which does not move during vibration in a particular mode.

8. What is meant by static and dynamic coupling? How can you eliminate coupling of the equations of
motion?
Your Answer:
okeee

Static coupling: If a static force is applied along xi, it causes displacement along xj as well.
Dynamic coupling: If a dynamic force is applied along xi, it causes displacement along xj as well.
Coupling of the equations of motion can be eliminated by using a special system of coordinates known as
principal coordinates.

9. Define the impedance matrix.

Your Answer:
okeee

Impedance matrix [Z(iω)] is defined by where

10. How can we make a system vibrate in one of its natural modes?
Your Answer:
okeee

By giving initial conditions that simulate the displacement pattern of the particular mode shape.

11. What is a degenerate system? Give two examples of physical systems that are degenerate.
Your Answer:
okeee

Degenerate system is one for which at least one of the natural frequencies is zero ( that is, the stiffness
matrix is singular ) .
Examples:
Two railway cars connected by a spring.
Two rotors connected by an elastic shaft.

12. How many degenerate modes can a vibrating system have?

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Your Answer:
okeee

At the most, six, corresponding to three translational and three rigid body rotational motions.

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