Vulnerability Assessment
Ingredient Group: Enzymes
Likelihood of Occurrence
Historic incidents
Emerging concerns (recent news or events)
Economic factors/price fluctuations
Geographic origins/length and complexity of the
supply chain
Ease of access to raw materials (e.g. long or
convoluted supply chains that allow multiple points of lawsuit brought by US, EU, and Japan against China in 2012 for limiting supply of
entry for fraudulent material
Availability (a.g.seasonality/harvest variability)
Availability or adulterants
Complexity an cost of committing the fraud
Site Conclusion for likelihood of occurrence: Unlikely
Likelihood of Detection
Geographic origin
Length and complexity of the supply chain
Physical form (e.g. whole items, chopped, minced,
powdered or liquid)
Existing controls (e.g. supply chain audits)
Routine product testing (consider both the types of
test used i.e. how likely they are to detect any
adulterated materials, and the frequency at which the
tests are completed).
Ease of access to the raw materials (e.g. broken
tamper-proof seals are clear evidence of the attempt
to access)
Relevant audits (i.e. those which consider
adulteration, traceability, mass balance testing, etc.)
Site Conclusion for likelihood of detection: Fairly likely
Location:
Summary of Evidence Collected by Site Likelihood of Occurrence
Very likely/
Radiological exposure 2011 Very Unlikely Unlikely Fairly likely Likely
certain
Very likely/
None certain
some emerging tax issues but not directly related to import/export
Likely
Likelihood of Detection
Japan is in an earthquake prone region. This is one of the biggest factors when
assessing risk associated with raw materials and supply chain coming from
Japan. Not only can earthquakes destroy infrastructure and manufacturing
capability but an earthquake was the cause of the tsunami that lead to the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011. Due to nuclear disaster, radiation is Fairly likely
a concern
Because these enzymes are primarily produced by bacterial fermentation most
of the raw materials are grown but there may be some limitation to trace
elements used as growth factors, especially those coming from China. See WTO
Unlikely
rare earth minerals - mostly for other industries but feasible here.
very unlikely
Availability does not seem to be affected by seasonal variation.
Adulteration is not likely. Performance based.
highly regulated. Use the arrows to indicate where the risk falls in the quadratic model.
Summary of Evidence Collected by Site
risk of supply and radiolgical risk if another nuclear disaster
Broker is used for this purchase
liquid or dry
COA for performance, audits
testing completed annually.
Tamper evident seals broken only by receiving
level audits