MALARIA

 P. malariae, and P. falciparum

 P. vivax and P. ovale- forms hypnozoints to enter dormant stages and causes
relapses (reactivation)

 Blood stage: trophozoite digests hemoglobin to form

amino acids -> hemozoin (malarian pigment) MALARIAN LIFE
CYCLE
 P. falciparum infected RBCs causes Cerebral Malaria

 The immunity against malaria is slow to develop and requires multiple

exposures

 Signs and Symptoms:

o headache, slight fever, muscle pain, anorexia, nausea and lassitude

prior malarial paroxysms

o Starts 10-15 days after infection

o Malarial paroxysms (reoccurring every 3days for p. vivax, p. ovale,

and p. falciparum; 4days for p. malariae lasting 4-8hours)

 Medications
o Artenusate – amodiaquine
o Doxycycline
o Malarone
o Primriquine
o lumefantrine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine,
piperaquine and chlorproguanil/dapsone
Preventive Measures
 Use of insecticides
 House spraying
 On stream seeding
 On stream clearing
 Wearing of clothes
that covers arms
and legs in the
evening
 Avoiding outdoor
night activites,
particularly during
the vector’s peak
biting at 9PM to
3AM.
 Using mosquito
repellents such as
mosquito coils,
soap lotion or
other protection
measures.

References:

Cuevas, F. (2007). Communicable Disease Prevention and Control. In Public Health

Nursing in the Philippines (pp. 260-264). Manila: National League of
Philippine Government Nurses, Incorporated
Medications. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-
guides/malaria-medications?page=2
Wiser, M. (2011). Malaria. Retrieved from
http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/malaria.html#path