Ngan Hang Cau Hoi Trac Nghiem VI Mo 1 Co Dap An (Phan II)

NOI_DUNG
Khi çc nhµ kinh tÕ sö dông tõ "cËn biªn" hä ¸m chØ:
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y kh«ng ®îc coi lµ bé phËn cña chi phÝ c¬
héi cña viÖc ®i häc ®¹i häc_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ hµng hãa B t¨ng lªn g©y ra sù dÞch chuyÓn ®êng
cÇu ®èi víi hµng ho¸ C sang ph¶i th×
Cung mét hµng ho¸ t¨ng lªn ®îc thÓ hiÖn th«ng qua:_x000D_
Lam vµ Long lµm viÖc cho cïng mét c«ng ty s¶n xuÊt vµ ghi
®Üa h×nh. Lam nãi r»ng nÕu t¨ng gi¸ ®Üa CD th× thu nhËp
sÏ t¨ng trong khi Long nãi r»ng thu nhËp sÏ gi¶m nÕu gi¶m gi¸
®Üa CD. Cã thÓ kÕt luËn r»ng:_x000D_
NÕu co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ 0 gi¸ gi¶m:_x000D_
B¶o tiªu dïng t¸o vµ chuèi, t¸o ®îc biÓu diÔn ë trôc tung vµ
chuèi ë trôc hoµnh. Gi¶ sö thu nhËp cña B¶o t¨ng gÊp ®«i, gi¸
cña t¸o t¨ng gÊp ®«i, gi¸ cña chuèi t¨ng gÊp ba. §êng ng©n
s¸ch cña B¶o sÏ:_x000D_
NÕu Mai tèi ®a ho¸ lîi Ých vµ hai hµng ho¸ mµ c« ta tiªu dïng
cã cïng lîi Ých cËn biªn th×:
Tuyªn bè nµo díi ®©y lµ ®óng_x000D_
§êng tæng s¶n phÈm lµ ®å thÞ cña_x000D_

_x000D_
Møc gi¸ tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ gi¶m
khi:_x000D_
Trong dµi h¹n, h·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn sÏ _x000D_

_x000D_
Co gi·n cña cÇu lao ®éng trong dµi h¹n phô thuéc vµo_x000D_
_x000D_
¶nh hëng thu nhËp cña mét møc l¬ng cao h¬n ®îc hiÓu
lµ_x000D_
§Ó ph©n phèi l¹i thu nhËp cho c«ng b»ng h¬n chÝnh phñ sö
dông_x000D_
_x000D_
Thu nhËp ®îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_
§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 10 - P/2 vµ (S): Q

= P - 5. NÕu ®Æt gi¸ lµ 8 th× khi ®ã thÞ trêng sÏ:_x000D_
ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

22 - P. NÕu chÝnh phñ Ên ®Þnh gi¸ lµ 16 th× thÞ trêng
sÏ:_x000D_
Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t= 4/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× gi¸ vµ lîng
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng vµ thÆng ds¶n xuÊt t¹i møc gi¸ 12
lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö lîng cÇu vÒ bia t¬i gi¶m tõ 103.000 lÝt / tuÇn xuèng
97.000 lÝt/tuÇn do gi¸ t¨ng 10%. Co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét c«ng ty íc lîng ®îc hµm cÇu ®èi víi s¶n phÈm cña m×nh
nhsau: Qx = 100 - 0,5Py (trong ®ã Qx lµ lîng cÇu hµng ho¸ X
do c«ng ty ®ã kinh doanh, Py lµ gi¸ hµng ho¸ Y liªn quan ®Õn
hµng ho¸ X). HÖ sè co gi·n chÐo cña cÇu hµng ho¸ X theo gi¸
cña hµng h
Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I = 60 ®«
la dïng ®Ó mua 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y víi gi¸ t¬ng øng lµ Px = 3
®« la vµ Py = 1 ®« la, cho biÕt hµm tæng lîi Ých TU =
XY_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu ®îc lµ lín nhÊt (TUmax) lîng hµng ho¸ X, Y mµ ng
êi tiªu
Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I =

1.000.000 ®ång dïng ®Ó mua 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y víi gi¸ t¬ng
øng lµ Px = 20.000 ®ång vµ Py = 5.000 ®ång , cho biÕt hµm
tæng lîi Ých cña viÖc tiªu dïng hai hµng ho¸ lµ_x000D_
TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm tæng chi phÝ lµ
TC=2Q*Q +4Q +200. H·ng ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt khi:_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ cña mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o lµ:
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 29, ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn h·ng sÏ s¶n
xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng lµ:_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm tæng chi phÝ lµ TC=
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ P=61, lîi nhuËn tèi ®a mµ h·ng cã thÓ thu
®îc lµ bao nhiªu?_x000D_
Mét doanh nghiÖp c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm tæng chi phÝ
_x000D_
TC = Q*Q+Q+100. NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 19$ th× doanh nghiÖp
sÏ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ b×nh qu©n lµ ATC =100
vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 400 - 2P. Chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ:
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu vÒ s¶n phÈm cña m×nh lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
vµ hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC = Q+ 2_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng ®Ó nhµ ®éc quyÒn tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn
lµ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q +

100 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 122 - Q_x000D_
PhÇn mÊt kh«ng mµ nhµ ®éc quyÒn g©y ra ®èi víi x· héi lµ
(DWL)_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm tæng chi phÝ lµ TC = 0,5Q*Q +

10Q + 100 vµ ®êng cÇu ®èi víi s¶n phÈm cña nhµ ®éc
quyÒn lµ P = 70 - Q. NÕu chÝnh phñ ®¸nh thuÕ t=30$/1 ®¬n
vÞ s¶n phÈm s¶n xuÊt ra th× nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ quyÕt
®Þnh._x000D_
Gi¸ cña dÇu hiÖn nay lµ $10/ thïng, lîng cÇu lµ 35.000 triÖu
thïng/ngµy. NÕu íc tÝnh co gi·n cña cÇu vÒ dÇu lµ 0,8. OPEC
h¹n chÕ cung dÇu lµm cho gi¸ cña dÇu t¨ng lªn ®Õn $30, lîng
cÇu vÒ dÇu lóc ®ã sÏ gi¶m b»ng_x000D_
ViÖc ®¸nh thuÕ xuÊt khÈu mét hµng ho¸ sÏ lµm cho: _x000D_
NÕu lîi Ých cËn biªn cña ®¬n vÞ hµng hãa X cuèi cïng gÊp ®«i
lîi Ých cËn biªn tõ ®¬n vÞ hµng hãa Y cuèi cïng, th× mét ngêi
tiªu dïng sÏ ®¹t ®îc c©n b»ng khi:_x000D_
Giang vµ Nga ®ang tiªu dïng cam víi sè lîng nhnhau nhng cÇu
cña Giang vÒ cam co gi·n h¬n cÇu cña Nga. C©u nµo sau
®©y ®óng?
Lan bá mét c«ng viÖc víi møc l¬ng 18.000$/n¨m vµ ®Çu t

300.000$ cña m×nh vµo kinh doanh. Trong n¨m ®Çu tiªn c«
kh«ng tr¶ l¬ng cho m×nh vµ thu ®îc 52.000$ lîi nhuËn tÝnh
to¸n. C« hy väng r»ng t×nh h×nh sÏ tiÕp tôc nhn¨m ®Çu tiªn.
Lùa chän c©u ®óng nh
S¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn biªn cña lao ®éng cµng lín
th×_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ ®ãng cöa trong ng¾n h¹n khi_x000D_
Trong m« h×nh ®êng cÇu gÉy cña ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn, mçi
h·ng cho r»ng phÇn ®êng cÇu díi møc gi¸ hiÖn t¹i lµ:_x000D_
Tuyªn bè thùc chøng lµ:_x000D_
Khi kh«ng cã sù khan hiÕm_x000D_
Thiªn tai g©y ra ma lò liªn tôc cã thÓ sÏ: _x000D_
Lîng cung mét hµng ho¸ gi¶m ®îc thÓ hiÖn th«ng qua
viÖc:_x000D_
Co gi·n chÐo gi÷a 2 hµng hãa bÊt kú ®îc ®Þnh nghÜa
lµ:_x000D_
NÕu thu nhËp gi¶m 4% (gi¸ kh«ng ®æi) lµm cho lîng cÇu vÒ
hµng hãa B gi¶m 2% th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi gi¸ cña hµng hãa ®îc biÓu diÔn trªn trôc hoµnh thay ®æi
sÏ lµm thay ®æi ph¬ng tr×nh ng©n s¸ch nhthÕ nµo?_x000D_
S¶n phÈm trung b×nh cña lao ®éng ®îc ®o lêng bëi_x000D_
_x000D_
Tæng chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt 4 s¶n phÈm lµ 20$ vµ tæng chi phÝ
s¶n xuÊt 6 s¶n phÈm lµ 36$. Gi÷a møc s¶n lîng 4 vµ 6 chi phÝ
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu doanh thu cËn biªn cña mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o
nhá h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn, h·ng _x000D_
_x000D_
Mét ®iÓm kh¸c biÖt gi÷a ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn vµ c¹nh tranh
®éc quyÒn lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
Cung cña mét yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt t¨ng_x000D_

_x000D_
§iÒu g× sau ®©y lµ ®óng ë tr¹ng th¸i c©n b»ng tèi ®a hãa lîi
nhuËn?_x000D_
Hµng hãa nµo díi ®©y cã tÝnh kh«ng lo¹i trõ trong tiªu dïng
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo sau ®©y ®îc hiÓu lµ ngo¹i øng:_x000D_
Cho cung vµ cÇu thÞ trêng vÒ s¶n phÈm X nhsau:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
Tr¹ng th¸i c©n b»ng thÞ trêng x¶y ra t¹i:_x000D_
ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cung vµ hµm cÇu nh
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng c©n b»ng trªn thÞ trêng lµ:_x000D_
ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
ThÆng ds¶n xuÊt vµ thÆng dtiªu dïng t¹i møc gi¸ P=80
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ ®¸nh thuÕ 3$/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× gi¸ vµ lîng
Mét c«ng ty íc lîng ®îc hµm cÇu ®èi víi s¶n phÈm cña minh nh
sau: Qx = 1.000 - 0,6Py. Trong ®ã Qx lµ lîng cÇu ®èi víi hµng
ho¸ X mµ c«ng ty kinh doanh, Py lµ gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ Y cã liªn
quan. HÖ sè co gi·n chÐo cña 2 hµng ho¸ nµy lµ bao nhiªu khi
Py n
cña hµng h
Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I = 60000
®ång dïng ®Ó mua 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y víi gi¸ t¬ng øng lµ Px =
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
§êng ng©n s¸ch cña ngêi tiªu dïng lµ:_x000D_
Lîng cÇu vÒ hµng hãa A ®îc cho ë b¶ng sau, nÕu gi¸ thùc tÕ
lµ $7, tæng thÆng dtiªu dïng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¸ ($/®¬n vÞ) Lîng cÇu_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm tæng chi phÝ
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5. §êng cung ng¾n h¹n cña h·ng lµ:_x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
H·ng hoµ vèn khi gi¸ b»ng_x000D_
Mét doanh nghiÖp c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm chi phÝ TC =
Q*Q+Q+100. Doanh nghiÖp nµy sÏ hoµ vèn t¹i:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ b×nh qu©n ATC =100 vµ
®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 400 - 2P. §Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn
th× s¶n lîng vµ gi¸ b¸n cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®êng cÇu P = 12 - Q vµ cã hµm tæng

chi phÝ lµ TC=Q*Q+4. NÕu chÝnh phñ ®¸nh thuÕ t=4/s¶n
phÈm, ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn th× gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng cña nhµ
®éc quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
Mét doanh nghiÖp ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q

hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi VC ($) = 0,5Q*Q + 2Q. NÕu chÝnh phñ
®¸nh thuÕ 3$/1 ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× nhµ ®éc quyÒn
sÏ quyÕt ®Þnh:_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ trî cÊp cho mét hµng hãa, th×_x000D_
Tû sè gi¸ gi÷a 2 hµng hãa X vµ Y lµ 2:1. NÕu Nga ®ang tiªu

dïng sè lîng hµng hãa X vµ Y ë møc MUx/ MUy = 1:2. VËy ®Ó
tèi ®a hãa tæng lîi Ých, Nga ph¶i_x000D_
Thä cã thÓ tiªu dïng t¸o hoÆc cam. Anh ta thÝch 2 lo¹i hµng
ho¸ nµy nhnhau vµ ®ang ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng tiªu dïng. NÕu
gi¸ cña cam t¨ng lªn trong khi thu nhËp vÉn gi÷ nguyªn th×
møc tiªu dïng míi cña anh ta thay ®æi nhthÕ nµo?
Çc h·ng muèn tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn th× hä nªn thuª ®Õn sè l
îng lao ®éng mµ_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ s¶n phÈm ®Çu ra gi¶m, mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o sÏ thuª_x000D_
Gi¶ sö mét h·ng ®ang cè quyÕt ®Þnh liÖu cã nªn ®ãng cöa
hay kh«ng ®Ó tèi thiÓu hãa thua lç. NÕu gi¸ b»ng chi phÝ
biÕn ®æi trung b×nh cña s¶n xuÊt th×_x000D_
C¹nh tranh b»ng gi¸ trong ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn sÏ_x000D_
Nh©n tè nµo sau ®©y kh«ng ph¶i lµ yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt?

_x000D_
VÊn ®Ò nµo sau ®©y kh«ng thuéc ®èi tîng nghiªn cøu cña
kinh tÕ häc vi m«?_x000D_
Chi phÝ ®Çu vµo ®Ó s¶n xuÊt ra hµng ho¸ X t¨ng lªn sÏ lµm
cho:
NÕu gi¸ cña thÞt bß ®ang ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng th×:_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu níc Arap Saudi nãi r»ng cung vÒ dÇu cña OPEC gi¶m sÏ
lµm t¨ng tæng doanh thu vÒ dÇu th× níc nµy ph¶i tin r»ng,
cÇu vÒ dÇu lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu cÇu vÒ hµng ho¸ X lµ Ýt co d·n (Edp<1) th× mét sù thay
®æi trong gi¸ (Px) sÏ lµm:_x000D_
§êng bµng quan lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö X ®îc biÓn diÔn ë trôc hoµnh vµ Y ë trôc tung. Tû lÖ

thay thÕ cËn biªn ®îc ®Þnh nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
NÕu ATC gi¶m th× MC ph¶i:_x000D_

_x000D_
Mét h·ng sÏ muèn t¨ng quy m« cña nhµ m¸y nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
Doanh thu cËn biªn cña mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn b¸n lµ_x000D_
§Æc ®iÓm nµo díi ®©y lµ ®Æc ®iÓm cña ®éc quyÒn tËp
®oµn _x000D_
§èi víi çc h·ng thuª lao ®éng trong thÞ trêng lao ®éng c¹nh
tranh hoµn h¶o_x000D_
§iÒu kiÖn thuª mua mét yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi
nhuËn: cho ®Õn khi s¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã b»ng víi chi phÝ tµi nguyªn cËn biªn cña nã chØ ®óng
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
Kho¶n mÊt kh«ng do gi¸ t¨ng khi ®¸nh thuÕ lµ phÇn mÊt ®i
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
Tæn thÊt v« Ých trong trêng hîp cã ngo¹i øng tiªu cùc ®îc
kh¾c phôc hoµn toµn nÕu:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng lîng c©n b»ng lµ:_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc Ên ®Þnh gi¸ P=18, th× thÞ trêng sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t = 10/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× gi¸ vµ
s¶n lîng c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t= 4/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× phÇn thuÕ
ngêi tiªu dïng ph¶i chÞu lµ:_x000D_
nhsau: Qx = 1000 - 0,6Py. Trong ®ã Qx lµ lîng cÇu ®èi víi
hµng ho¸ X mµ c«ng ty kinh doanh, Py lµ gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ Y cã
liªn quan.T¹i Py=80 th× hÖ sè co gi·n chÐo cña 2 hµng ho¸
nµy xÊp xØ b»
Cho hµm cÇu vÒ mét lo¹i hµng ho¸ A lµ Q= 18 -P_x000D_
T¹i møc gi¸ P = 8 muèn t¨ng tæng doanh thu doanh nghiÖp
nªn:_x000D_

la dïng ®Ó mua 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y víi gi¸ tng øng lµ Px = 3 ®«
la vµ Py = 1 ®« la, cho biÕt hµm tæng lîi Ých TU =
XY._x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ biªn MRSx,y lµ:_x000D_
Lan cã møc thu nhËp $500 ®Ó mua s¸ch, rau qña, vµ çc ho¹t
®éng gi¶i trÝ. Gi¸ cña s¸ch lµ $40/quyÓn, cña rau qu¶ lµ
$25/kg, cña ho¹t ®éng gi¶i trÝ lµ $10/giê. Sè giê lín nhÊt dµnh
cho ho¹t ®éng gi¶i trÝ mµ Lan cã thÓ cã ®îc lµ bao nhiªu víi
møc thu nhËp
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh
qu©n lµ AVC=2Q+4. §êng cung ng¾n h¹n cña h·ng lµ:_x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144. Gi¸ ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt cña h·ng lµ:_x000D_
TC=2Q*Q +4Q +200. H·ng hoµ vèn khi gi¸ b»ng:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®êng cÇu Q = 12 - P vµ cã hµm chi

phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC= Q. §Ó tèi ®a ho¸ doanh
thu nhµ ®éc quyÒn s¶n xuÊt vµ b¸n hµng ho¸ t¹i møc s¶n lîng
vµ gi¸ lµ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ cËn biªn MC = 2Q + 2 vµ

®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 122 - P. Doanh thu b×nh qu©n lµ:
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm tæng chi phÝ TC =100Q vµ ®èi
diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 200 - 0,5Q_x000D_
ChØ sè søc m¹nh ®éc quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
Nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu vÒ s¶n phÈm cña m×nh lµ P=

500 - Q_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 4Q + 8000_x000D_
ChØ sè søc m¹nh ®éc quyÒn (L) lµ:_x000D_
C©u nµo díi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè cña kinh tÕ chuÈn t¾c?_x000D_
NÕu thuÕ trªn tõng ®¬n vÞ ®¸nh vµo hµng ho¸ cã cÇu kh«ng
co gi·n, theo lý thuyÕt cung vµ cÇu, ai lµ ngêi chÞu thuÕ nhiÒu
h¬n?_x000D_

T¹i ®iÓm c©n b»ng tiªu dïng, tû lÖ lîi Ých cËn biªn/gi¸ cña
hµng ho¸ thiÕt yÕu so víi hµng ho¸ xa xØ cã xu híng:_x000D_
Khi gi¸ cña yÕu tè ®Çu vµo cè ®Þnh t¨ng lªn sÏ lµm
cho:_x000D_
Mét h·ng tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn sÏ tiÕp tôc thuª thªm ®Çu vµo
biÕn ®æi cho ®Õn khi_x000D_
Trong mét ngµnh c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o, gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 10$.
Mét h·ng ®ang s¶n xuÊt møc s¶n lîng t¹i ®ã MC=ATC=15$.
AVC ë møc s¶n lîng ®ã lµ 10$. H·ng nªn lµm g× ®Ó tèi ®a
hãa lîi nhuËn ng¾n h¹n_x000D_
M« h×nh ®êng cÇu gÉy_x000D_
Khi chÝnh phñ quyÕt ®Þnh sö dông nguån lùc ®Ó x©y dùng
mét con ®ª, nguån lùc ®ã sÏ kh«ng cßn ®Ó x©y ®êng cao
tèc. §iÒu nµy minh häa kh¸i niÖm:_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè thùc chøng_x000D_
NÕu A vµ B lµ hai hµng ho¸ bæ sung trong tiªu dïng vµ chi phÝ
nguån lùc ®Ó s¶n xuÊt ra hµng ho¸ A gi¶m xuèng th× gi¸ cña:
Thùc tÕ cho thÊy khi gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ t¨ng lµm ngêi s¶n xuÊt
t¨ng s¶n lîng s¶n xuÊt ra, ®iÒu ®ã thÓ hiÖn:_x000D_
CÇu co gi·n ®¬n vÞ khi: _x000D_

_x000D_
CÇu co gi·n khi: _x000D_

_x000D_
Khi thu nhËp thay ®æi sÏ lµm thay ®æi ng©n s¸ch nhthÕ
nµo?_x000D_
C©u nµo sau ®©y lµ ®óng khi nãi vÒ ®êng bµng quan cña 2
hµng hãa thay thÕ hoµn h¶o?_x000D_
Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®¹t cùc tiÓu cïng møc s¶n lîng
t¹i ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
§¬n gi¸ tiÒn l¬ng chia cho s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao ®éng
lµ_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y kh«ng ph¶i lµ mét trong nh÷ng quyÕt ®Þnh
mµ mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o ph¶i ®a ra._x000D_
§Æc ®iÓm nµo díi ®©y kh«ng ph¶i cña ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn
_x000D_
Chi phÝ tµi nguyªn cËn biªn ®îc x¸c ®Þnh lµ_x000D_
Khi tiÒn l¬ng t¨ng, hé gia ®×nh sÏ cã ®êng cung lao ®éng
vßng vÒ phÝa sau nÕu_x000D_
ViÖc s¶n xuÊt qóa nhiÒu hµng hãa cã ngo¹i øng tiªu cùc lµ vÝ
dô vÒ_x000D_
Trong trêng hîp ngo¹i øng tÝch cùc, thÞ trêng lu«n ®a ra gi¶i
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:

= P/2 - 20. NÕu ®Æt gi¸ lµ 80 th× khi ®ã thÞ trêng sÏ:_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng vµ thÆng ds¶n xuÊt t¹i ®iÓm c©n b»ng
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t=2/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× phÇn thuÕ
ngêi tiªu dïng ph¶i chÞu sÏ lµ:_x000D_
Hµm cÇu s¶n phÈm A ®îc cho bëi ph¬ng tr×nh P=100
-Q_x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ trong kho¶ng P = 40 ®Õn P=80
lµ:_x000D_
Cho hµm cÇu vÒ mét lo¹i hµng ho¸ A lµ Q= 18 -P _x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång , cho biÕt hµm tæng lîi Ých
cña viÖc tiªu dïng hai hµng ho¸ lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ biªn MRSx
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm chi phÝ lµ TC= Q*Q +
Q+ 169 _x000D_
H·ng sÏ ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt khi gi¸ b»ng_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm chi phÝ lµ Q*Q + Q+
169 _x000D_
NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ P=61 th× h·ng sÏ s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng
tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn lµ;_x000D_
TC=2Q*Q +4Q +200. NÕu gi¸ b¸n s¶n phÈm lµ 84, Lîi nhuËn
tèi ®a mµ h·ng cã thÓ thu ®îc lµ bao nhiªu:_x000D_
Mét doanh nghiÖp c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã hµm chi phÝ biÕn
®æi b×nh qu©n lµ: AVC ($)=Q. NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 24$ th×
doanh nghiÖp bÞ lç vèn 56$. VËy víi gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 36$ lîi
nhuËn cña doanh nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_

phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC=Q. Doanh thu b×nh qu©n
cña h·ng ®éc quyÒn lµ:
Mét doanh nghiÖp ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu Q = 200 - 10P vµ
hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n AVC = 0,5Q + 2. Doanh
thu cËn biªn lµ
chi phÝ lµ TC=Q*Q+4. Tæn thÊt x· héi do ®éc quyÒn g©y ra
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
PhÇn mÊt kh«ng mµ nhµ ®éc quyÒn g©y ra ®èi víi x· héi
lµ_x000D_
Gi¶ sö lîng cÇu vÒ bia t¬i gi¶m tõ 103.000 lÝt /tuÇn xuèng
97.000lÝt/tuÇn do gi¸ t¨ng 10%. Co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

cho:_x000D_
M« h×nh kinh tÕ tèt bao gåm:_x000D_
Khi tiÕn hµnh lùa chän, chóng ta gäi gi¸ trÞ cña c¬ héi tèt nhÊt
bÞ bá qua lµ_x000D_
§iÒu nµo sau ®©y g©y ra sù dÞch chuyÓn cña ®êng cung:
Víi gi¶ ®Þnh çc yÕu tè kh¸c kh«ng thay ®æi, luËt cung cho
biÕt:_x000D_
NÕu cÇu vÒ níc cam Ðp lµ co gi·n theo gi¸, thêi tiÕt b¨ng gi¸
lµm mÊt mïa cam sÏ g©y ra:_x000D_
§é lín cña c¶ ®é co gi·n cña cÇu vµ cung theo gi¸ phô thuéc
vµo:_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ cña hµng hãa ®îc biÓu diÔn ë trôc tung t¨ng th× ®
êng ng©n s¸ch sÏ:_x000D_
Quy luËt n¨ng suÊt cËn biªn gi¶m dÇn nãi r»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
Sù chªnh lÖch gi÷a doanh thu vµ chi phÝ cña mét h·ng
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng b¸n s¶n phÈm cña m×nh trªn thÞ trêng c¹nh
tranh hoµn h¶o th× s¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn biªn cña lao
®éng gi¶m dÇn khi nhiÒu lao ®éng ®îc thuª thªm lµ
do_x000D_
Cung lao ®éng phô thuéc vµo_x000D_
§êng tæng cÇu thÞ trêng ®èi víi hµng hãa c«ng céng ®îc x¸c
®Þnh b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
Lîng cÇu vÒ 1 lo¹i s¶n phÈm t¬ng øng víi møc gi¸ vµ thu nhËp
qua çc n¨m cho ë biÓu sau:_x000D_
N¨m Lîng cÇu Gi¸ ($) Thu nhËp ($)_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
Cho hµm cÇu vÒ mét lo¹i hµng ho¸ A lµ Q= 200 -20P_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
Cho biÓu cÇu cña Dòng vÒ vÐ xem trËn ®Êu tennis ë b¶ng
sau. NÕu gi¸ b¸n lµ 2$/1 vÐ th× tæng thÆng dtiªu dïng
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¸ ($/vÐ) Lîng cÇu_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5. H·ng sÏ ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt khi:_x000D_
169 _x000D_
qu©n lµ AVC=2Q+4_x000D_
Khi gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 24 th× h·ng lç 150, chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ MC = Q + 10
vµ ®êng cÇu ®èi víi s¶n phÈm cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn lµ P = 70 -
Q. _x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu
lµ

Giang thÝch hµng hãa A vµ B. Gi¸ cña A lµ 0,5$/ ®¬n vÞ vµ B

lµ $1/ ®¬n vÞ. C« ta ®ang ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng tiªu dïng, nÕu
gi¸ cña A t¨ng lªn thµnh $1/ ®¬n vÞ, c©u nµo sau ®©y sÏ lµ
®óng ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng míi?_x000D_
Cung cña mét hµng ho¸ t¨ng lªn, ceteris paribus, th×:
HiÖu suÊt kh«ng ®æi theo quy m« nghÜa lµ khi tÊt c¶ çc
®Çu vµo t¨ng lªn_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ gi¶m møc gi¸ tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn
khi_x000D_
Trong c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn cã:_x000D_
Gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ t¨ng sÏ g©y ra:_x000D_

NÕu gi¸ t¨ng lµm tæng doanh thu gi¶m th× co gi·n cña cÇu
theo gi¸ lµ:_x000D_
Khi cung s¶n phÈm A trªn thÞ trêng t¨ng lªn nhng kh«ng lµm
thay ®æi lîng s¶n phÈm c©n b»ng mua vµ b¸n trªn thÞ trêng.
Chóng ta kÕt luËn r»ng cÇu vÒ s¶n phÈm A lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¸ cña hµng hãa X lµ 1500 ®ång vµ gi¸ cña hµng hãa Y lµ
1000 ®ång. Mét ngêi tiªu dïng ®¸nh gi¸ lîi Ých cËn biªn cña Y
lµ 30 ®¬n vÞ, ®Ó tèi ®a hãa lîi Ých ®èi víi viÖc tiªu dïng X vµ
Y, anh ta ph¶i xem lîi Ých cËn biªn cña X lµ:_x000D_
Trong çc ®¼ng thøc díi ®©y ®¼ng thøc nµo ®óng øng víi
møc s¶n lîng t¹i ®ã ATC ®¹t gi¸ trÞ cùc tiÓu:_x000D_
_x000D_
S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña mét ®Çu vµo lµ:_x000D_
Mét thÞ trêng ®éc quyÒn b¸n _x000D_

§Æc ®iÓm nµo díi ®©y kh«ng ph¶i cña c¹nh tranh ®éc
quyÒn_x000D_
do_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ Ên ®Þnh gi¸ lµ 80 th× thÞ trêng sÏ;_x000D_
ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ P = Q/5 - 10 vµ hµm

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng c©n b»ng lµ:
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Cung vµ cÇu s¶n phÈm A trªn thÞ trêng nhsau:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
ThÆng ds¶n xuÊt t¹i møc gi¸ c©n b»ng lµ:
NÕu thu nhËp t¨ng lªn 10% dÉn ®Õn sù gia t¨ng 5% cña lîng
cÇu, co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp b»ng:_x000D_
cña hµng h
XY._x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
Q+ 169 _x000D_
§êng cung ng¾n h¹n cña h·ng lµ:_x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ MC = 5Q + 3

vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q_x000D_
§Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn, quyÕt ®Þnh s¶n lîng vµ gi¸ b¸n cña
nhµ ®éc quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ TC =100Q vµ ®èi diÖn víi
hµm cÇu P = 200 - 0,5Q. Doanh thu b×nh qu©n lµ:
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ TC = 2,5Q*Q + 3Q + 1 vµ

®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q. NÕu chÝnh phñ ®¸nh thuÕ
t=1,5/ s¶n phÈm, ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn nhµ ®éc quyÕn s¶n
xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng vµ b¸n víi gi¸ lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q + 4. ChØ sè søc m¹nh ®éc
quyÒn (L) lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö gi¸ cña A gi¶m tõ $10,5 xuèng $9,5 lµm cho lîng cÇu vÒ
B t¨ng tõ 7960 lªn 8040 ®¬n vÞ. Co gi·n chÐo gi÷a cÇu cña B
theo gi¸ cña A lµ:_x000D_
Hai ®êng cung ®èi víi 2 hµng ho¸ cïng ®i qua gèc to¹ ®é, khi
®ã:_x000D_
Hoa lµm viÖc cho mét cña hµng b¸n ®å dông cô, n¬i ®ã c« ta
nhËn ®îc møc l¬ng $300/tuÇn. NÕu gi¸ cña quÇn ¸o lµ
$10/bé, cña thøc ¨n lµ $5/ ®¬n vÞ th× mét tuÇn Hoa mua 10
bé quÇn ¸o vµ 40 ®¬n vÞ thøc ¨n. Sau ®ã, c« ta chuyÓn c«ng
viÖc ®Õn cña hµng b¸n quÇ
Khi nãi gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña hµng hãa ®îc biÓu diÔn trªn trôc
hoµnh so víi hµng hãa trªn trôc tung, c©u nµo sau ®©y lµ
®óng?_x000D_
Mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn hiÖn ®ang ë vÞ trÝ tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn.
Gi¶ ®Þnh chi phÝ ®Çu vµo biÕn ®æi gi¶m, sÏ dÉn ®Õn h·ng
®éc quyÒn:_x000D_
Bé phËn cña kinh tÕ häc nghiªn cøu çc quyÕt ®Þnh cña h·ng
vµ hé gia ®×nh ®îc gäi lµ_x000D_
NÕu A vµ B lµ hai hµng ho¸ thay thÕ trong tiªu dïng vµ chi phÝ
Nh©n tè nµo sau lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cung hµng ho¸ X
sang tr¸i?_x000D_
Hµng hãa xa xØ sÏ cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu A lµ hµng hãa thay thÕ cho B, ®é co gi·n chÐo gi÷a 2

hµng hãa nµy lµ:_x000D_
§êng ng©n s¸ch biÓu diÔn díi d¹ng to¸n häc ®îc gäi
lµ:_x000D_
Trong ph©n tÝch ®êng bµng quan cña ngêi tiªu dïng, ®iÒu
nµo díi ®©y lµ kh«ng ®óng?_x000D_
Kho¶ng çch theo chiÒu däc gi÷a ®êng TC vµ ®êng VC lµ:

Kho¶ng çch theo chiÒu th¼ng ®øng gi÷a ®êng TC vµ
VC:_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o nªn ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt nÕu
gi¸_x000D_
§Æc ®iÓm nµo díi ®©y lµ cña ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn_x000D_
Gi¶ sö mét h·ng tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn thuª lao ®éng trong thÞ
trêng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o. NÕu s¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn biªn
cña lao ®éng lín h¬n tiÒn l¬ng, h·ng sÏ_x000D_
nhuËn?_x000D_
ChÝnh phñ cung cÊp hµng hãa c«ng céng thuÇn tuý nhan
ninh quèc gia v×_x000D_
_x000D_
V× ngo¹i øng tÝch cùc lµ mét thÊt b¹i cña kinh tÕ thÞ trêng
cho nªn:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ Ên ®Þnh gi¸ lµ 40 th× thÞ trêng sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ ®Æt gi¸ trÇn lµ P = 10$ sÏ t¹o ra phÇn tæn
thÊt v« Ých (phÇn mÊt kh«ng) lµ:_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
hµng ho¸ X). X vµ Y lµ hai hµng ho¸:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
Dùa vµo b¶ng sau, nÕu gi¸ thùc tÕ lµ $9, tæng thÆng dtiªu
dïng lµ bao nhiªu?_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5. NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng b»ng 6, ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸
lîi nhuËn h·ng sÏ s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng lµ:_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144. Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng hoµ vèn cña h·ng lµ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ
_x000D_
AVC = Q + 2 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 122 - Q_x000D_
§Ó tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu, nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc
s¶n lîng Q vµ b¸n víi gi¸ P lµ:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm tæng chi phÝ lµ TC ($) = 0,5Q*Q
+ 10Q + 100 vµ ®êng cÇu ®èi víi s¶n phÈm cña nhµ ®éc
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
P ($) = 70 - Q. Nhµ ®éc quyÒn g©y ra phÇn mÊt kh«ng
lµ:_x000D_
NÕu chi phÝ nguån lùc ®Ó s¶n xuÊt hµng hãa A t¨ng, khi
®ã:_x000D_
PhÇn chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®ang gi¶m dÇn chÝnh lµ
phÇn t¹i ®ã_x000D_
Qu¶ng ço bëi çc h·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn _x000D_
TÊt c¶ çc ®iÒu sau ®©y lµ môc tiªu chÝnh s¸ch cña ChÝnh
phñ, ngo¹i trõ_x000D_

§iÒu nµo sau kh«ng lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu ®èi víi thÞt
lîn?
NÕu ng« lµ hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp th× khi thu nhËp cña ngêi tiªu
dïng gi¶m sÏ lµm cho:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ cña hµng hãa A t¨ng lµm cho cÇu vÒ hµng hãa B t¨ng
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Sù lùa chän cña ngêi tiªu dïng bÞ h¹n chÕ bëi:_x000D_
Khi ngêi tiªu dïng vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng bµng quan lµm
cho tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn cã xu híng gi¶m dÇn gäi
lµ:_x000D_
N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn cña lao ®éng gi¶m dÇn dÉn ®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
Th«ng thêng c©u nµo sau ®©y ®óng:_x000D_
Søc m¹nh thÞ trêng ®Ò cËp tíi_x000D_
Víi mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn b¸n, ®iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ sai_x000D_
cña lao ®éng nhá h¬n tiÒn l¬ng, h·ng sÏ:
CÇu lao ®éng:_x000D_
_x000D_
§Ó kh¾c phôc thÊt b¹i thÞ trêng trong trêng hîp hµng ho¸ c«ng
céng, chÝnh phñ cÇn thùc hiÖn:_x000D_
_x000D_
ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cÇu vµ hµm cung nh

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t= 10/s¶n phÈm th× gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ trî cÊp 2$/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

øng lµ Px = 20.000 ®ång vµ Py = 5.000 ®ång, cho biÕt hµm
tæng lîi Ých cña viÖc tiªu dïng hai hµng ho¸ lµ: TU(x,y) = (X-
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
doanh nghiÖp bÞ lç vèn 56$. Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña doanh
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_

®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 3 - 0,2P. Doanh thu cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
vµ cã hµm chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ MC = 2Q+ 2_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng ®Ó nhµ ®éc quyÒn tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu lµ:
100 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 122 - Q. ChØ sè søc m¹nh
®éc quyÒn (L) lµ_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q + 4. NÕu ®¸nh thuÕ t = 4/
s¶n phÈm, s¶n lîng vµ gi¸ tèi ®a ho¸ läi nhuËn cña nhµ ®éc
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö mïa ®«ng n¨m tíi thêi tiÕt gi¸ l¹nh bÊt thêng, vµ cÇu vÒ
rîu vang n¨m tíi còng cã xu híng gi¶m m¹nh. H·y chän c©u tr¶
lêi ®óng nhÊt._x000D_
Tríc ®©y mét sè lo¹i hµng hãa chÞu møc thuÕ 13,5%/ ®¬n
vÞ. Sau ®ã, møc thuÕ nµy gi¶m xuèng chØ cßn 7%. Lý thuyÕt
kinh tÕ dù b¸o r»ng gi¸ cña nh÷ng hµng hãa nµy sÏ:_x000D_
Thu ®ang tèi ®a hãa tæng lîi Ých khi tiªu dïng 2 hµng hãa X
vµ Y. NÕu gi¸ cña X t¨ng gÊp ®«i, çc yÕu tè kh¸c kh«ng thay
®æi. §Ó tèi ®a hãa lîi Ých, sè lîng hµng hãa X mµ Thu tiªu
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
Gi¸ yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt thÊp x¶y ra ®èi víi çc yÕu tè cã _x000D_
khi_x000D_
VÊn ®Ò khan hiÕm:_x000D_

§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ kÕt qu¶ cÇn thiÕt cña vÊn ®Ò khan
hiÕm?_x000D_
Lîng hµng ho¸ mµ ngêi tiªu dïng mua phô thuéc vµo:
NÕu thÞ trêng hµng ho¸ kh«ng c©n b»ng th× khi ®ã:_x000D_
NÕu thu nhËp thay ®æi 1% lµm cho lîng cÇu vÒ cµ rèt thay
®æi nhá h¬n 1% th× cÇu vÒ cµ rèt lµ:_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ vÐ xem bé phim míi ph¸t hµnh t¨ng mµ tæng doanh
thu t¨ng, co gi·n cña cÇu vÒ bé phim míi nµy theo gi¸
lµ:_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
NÕu tæng chi phÝ cña viÖc s¶n xuÊt 10 ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm lµ
100 ®¬n vÞ tiÒn tÖ vµ chi phÝ cËn biªn cña ®¬n vÞ s¶n
phÈm thø 11 lµ 21 ®¬n vÞ tiÒn tÖ th× ®iÒu nµo sau ®©y lµ
®óng:_x000D_
§êng tæng s¶n phÈm cµng dèc_x000D_

_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y kh«ng x¶y ra trong c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
§Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn, h·ng ph¶i c©n b»ng_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng vµ thÆng ds¶n xuÊt t¹i ®iÓm c©n b»ng lµ:
NÕu gi¸ t¨ng 5% lµm cho lîng cung t¨ng 9%, co gi·n cña cung
lµ_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n Ep = -3 t¹i ®iÓm cã møc gi¸ lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I = 60.000
®ång dïng ®Ó mua 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y víi gi¸ tng øng lµ Px =
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu ®îc lµ l
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
hµm cÇu Q = 400 - 2P. §Ó tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu th× s¶n lîng
vµ gi¸ b¸n cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
AVC = 0,5Q + 10 vµ ®êng cÇu ®èi víi s¶n phÈm cña nhµ ®éc
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn lµ
100 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 122 - Q. Lîi nhuËn tèi ®a mµ
nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã thÓ thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q. Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 4Q + 8000. Lîi nhuËn
tèi ®a cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_

h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
NÕu chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®Ó s¶n xuÊt 10 ®¬n vÞ
s¶n phÈm lµ 18$ vµ chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®Ó s¶n
xuÊt 11 s¶n phÈm lµ 20$, chóng ta biÕt r»ng gi÷a 10 vµ 11
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
khi_x000D_
Mét m« h×nh kinh tÕ ®îc kiÓm ®Þnh bëi_x000D_
ThiÕu hôt trªn thÞ trêng tån t¹i khi:_x000D_
NÕu cÇu lµ co gi·n theo thu nhËp c©u nµo sau ®©y lµ
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu ban ®Çu gi¸ c©n b»ng cña s¶n phÈm X lµ P = 10®/s¶n
phÈm, sau khi chÝnh phñ ®¸nh thuÕ t= 3®/ s¶n phÈm lµm gi¸
c©n b»ng t¨ng lµ P' = 13®/ s¶n phÈm th× ta cã thÓ kÕt
luËn:_x000D_
Mai cã thu nhËp (I) lµ $50 ®Ó mua CD (R) víi gi¸ $10/ ®Üa vµ
VCD (C) víi gi¸ $20/ ®Üa. Ph¬ng tr×nh nµo sau ®©y minh
häa ®óng nhÊt ®êng ng©n s¸ch cña Mai:_x000D_
C©u nµo sau ®©y lµ kh«ng ®óng?_x000D_
§êng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh sÏ dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y m« t¶ ®óng nhÊt môc tiªu cña h·ng_x000D_
Trong c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn , lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ dµi h¹n cã xu h
íng tiÕn tíi b»ng 0 v×_x000D_
Co gi·n cña cÇu lao ®éng trong ng¾n h¹n phô thuéc
vµo_x000D_
TiÒn l¬ng tèi thiÓu sÏ:_x000D_
ChÝnh phñ ®iÒu tiÕt ®éc quyÒn tù nhiªn nh»m môc

tiªu_x000D_
§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): P = 75 - 6Q vµ (S): P =

35 + 2Q. Gi¸ c©n b»ng trªn thÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A lµ:_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng vµ thÆng ds¶n xuÊt t¹i møc gi¸ P=18
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Py n
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
TC=Q*Q+Q+144. §êng cung ng¾n h¹n cña h·ng lµ:_x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5. H·ng hoµ vèn khi gi¸ thÞ trêng
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
AVC = Q + 2 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 122 - P. Chi phÝ
cËn biªn lµ
Mét doanh nghiÖp ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu P = 20 - 0,1Q vµ
hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n AVC = 0,5Q + 2.Gi¸ vµ
s¶n lîng cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®Ó tèi ®a lîi nhuËn lµ:

®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q. NÕu nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph©n
biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o, lîi nhuËn thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_
C©u nµo díi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè cña kinh tÕ häc thùc chøng?
_x000D_
Ngêi s¶n xuÊt chÞu hÇu hÕt thuÕ trªn tõng ®¬n vÞ nÕu cung
lµ t¬ng ®èi kh«ng co gi·n bëi v×:_x000D_

th×_x000D_
§êng giíi h¹n kh¶ n¨ng s¶n xuÊt biÓu thÞ_x000D_
Chi phÝ ®Çu vµo ®Ó s¶n xuÊt ra dÇu géi X-men dµnh cho çc
quý «ng gi¶m xuèng sÏ lµm cho:_x000D_
C«ng ty May 10 sö dông v¶i cotton ®Ó s¶n xuÊt ra ¸o s¬ mi

nam xuÊt khÈu, nÕu gi¸ cña v¶i cotton t¨ng sÏ g©y ra:_x000D_
Häc phÝ gi¶m sÏ lµm gi¶m doanh thu cña çc trêng ®¹i häc
nÕu cÇu vÒ gi¸o dôc ®¹i häc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi thu nhËp t¨ng lªn 5% th× lîng cÇu vÒ s¶n phÈm X t¨ng
2,5% (®iÒu kiÖn çc yÕu tè kh¸c kh«ng ®æi), th× ta cã thÓ
kÕt luËn X lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
TÊt c¶ çc giá hµng hãa kh¸c nhau n»m trªn cïng mét ®êng
bµng quan cã ®iÓm chung g×?_x000D_
t¹i ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y ®óng víi c¶ ®éc quyÒn b¸n, c¹nh tranh
®éc quyÒn vµ c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o_x000D_
Khi gi¸ s¶n phÈm cña mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o t¨ng sÏ
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
ViÖc chÝnh phñ thùc hiÖn më réng ®µo t¹o nghÒ cho ngêi lao
®éng sÏ lµm cho:_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo sau ®©y lµ ngo¹i øng tiªu cùc ®èi víi hiÖn tîng vi
ph¹m b¶n quyÒn:_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng vµ thÆng ds¶n xuÊt t¹i møc gi¸ c©n b»ng
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nhsau: Qx= 1.000 - 0,6Py. Trong ®ã Qx lµ lîng cÇu ®èi víi
liªn quan. Chóng ta cã thÓ kÕt luËn hµng ho¸ X vµ Y cã mèi
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ t¹i møc gi¸ P=12 lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=2Q*Q +4Q +200. NÕu gi¸ b¸n s¶n phÈm lµ 84, h·ng sÏ s¶n
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

HiÕu vµ Qu©n cã së thÝch gièng hÖt nhau ngo¹i trõ lîi Ých cña
Qu©n lín gÊp 10 lÇn lîi Ých cña HiÕu. C¶ hai cã cïng thu nhËp
vµ mua hµng hãa ë cïng møc gi¸. Chän c©u ®óng
nhÊt_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
NÕu doanh thu cËn biªn ©m ë mét møc s¶n lîng nµo ®ã, khi
®ã_x000D_
NÕu muèn gi¸ lóa t¨ng, ChÝnh phñ cã thÓ lµm ®iÒu nµo díi
®©y?
Ng« lµ hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp nÕu:_x000D_
Co gi·n chÐo gi÷a cÇu xe m¸y víi gi¸ cña x¨ng lµ:_x000D_
ë ®iÓm tiªu dïng tèi u, ®êng ng©n s¸ch vµ ®êng bµng quan
cã mèi quan hÖ nhthÕ nµo?_x000D_
NÕu ®êng MC n»m phÝa trªn ®êng AVC th× khi s¶n lîng t¨ng
lªn ®iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ ®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
§iÓm hßa vèn cña h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o x¶y ra ë møc s¶n l
îng t¹i ®ã_x000D_
do_x000D_
§éc quyÒn tù nhiªn cã ®Æc ®iÓm lµ_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ Qs = 50 + 5P vµ hµm

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ Ên ®Þnh gi¸ lµ P=7 th× thÞ trêng sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t= 10/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× phÇn
thuÕ mµ ngêi tiªu dïng ph¶i chÞu lµ;
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q+Q+100. NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 27$ th× lîi nhuËn cña
doanh nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_


thu cËn biªn lµ
(DWL)_x000D_


nÕu_x000D_
So s¸nh lîi Ých, chi phÝ vµ ®a ra lùa chän tèt nhÊt trong giíi
h¹n nguån lùc khan hiÕm ®îc gäi lµ:_x000D_
§êng cÇu thÞ trêng cã thÓ ®îc x¸c ®Þnh

Nh©n tè nµo sau chØ g©y ra sù thay ®æi lîng cÇu?_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi n¨ng suÊt b×nh qu©n cña lao ®éng (APL) cùc ®¹i
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña mét h·ng lµ 100$. NÕu tæng chi phÝ s¶n
xuÊt mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm lµ 200$ vµ tæng chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt
2 ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm lµ 310$, chi phÝ cËn biªn cña ®¬n vÞ s¶n
phÈm thø 2 lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®èi diÖn víi ®êng cÇu dèc xuèng, doanh thu
cËn biªn kh«ng bao giê lín h¬n gi¸ v×_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét sù gi¶m gi¸ s¶n phÈm ®Çu ra cña mét doanh nghiÖp c¹nh
tranh hoµn h¶o sÏ dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo sau ®©y ®îc çc nhµ kinh tÕ gäi lµ thÊt b¹i thÞ tr
êng?_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
cña hµng h
TuÊn cã thÓ ¨n x«i hoÆc phë. Gi¸ cña x«i lµ 1000®, trong khi
gi¸ cña phë lµ 5000®. Gi¶ sö Ých lîi cËn biªn cña x«i lµ MUx,
cña phë lµ MUp. T¹i ®iÓm c©n b»ng tiªu dïng, tû sè MUx/ MUp
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q. Lîi nhuËn tèi ®a cña nhµ
®éc quyÒn thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t=8/ s¶n phÈm vµo nhµ ®éc quyÒn,
gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

th×_x000D_
NÕu ng« lµ hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp th× khi gi¸ ng« t¨ng sÏ lµm
cho:_x000D_
NÕu cÇu lµ kh«ng co gi·n theo thu nhËp c©u nµo sau ®©y lµ
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
S¬n cã thÓ ¨n kem hoÆc s÷a chua. Gi¸ cña kem lµ 1000
®ång, gi¸ cña s÷a chua lµ 5000 ®ång. Gi¶ sö lîi Ých cËn biªn
cña kem lµ MUx, cña s÷a chua lµ MUp th× t¹i ®iÓm c©n b»ng
tiªu dïng tû sè MUx/MUp b»ng:
NÕu s¶n lîng t¨ng tõ 5 ®Õn 10 lµm cho tæng chi phÝ t¨ng tõ
100$ lªn 200$, chi phÝ cËn biªn cña mçi s¶n phÈm trong 5 s¶n
phÈm t¨ng lªn nµy lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn cña lao ®éng cho vèn lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o sÏ thu ®îc lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o_x000D_
§êng cÇu lao ®éng cña h·ng dÞch chuyÓn cã thÓ lµ do mét sù
thay ®æi cña_x000D_
Nh©n tè chØ ¶nh hëng ®Õn co gi·n cÇu lao ®éng trong dµi
h¹n mµ kh«ng ¶nh hëng trong ng¾n h¹n lµ_x000D_
ViÖc s¶n xuÊt qu¸ Ýt hµng hãa cã ngo¹i øng tÝch cùc lµ vÝ dô
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
ngêi s¶n xuÊt ph¶i chÞu sÏ lµ:_x000D_
Sè liÖu cña hai hµng ho¸ X vµ Y nhsau: Py = 8 th× Qx= 12; Py

= 10 th× Qx = 14, víi gi¶ ®Þnh çc nh©n tè kh¸c kh«ng ®æi
ta cã thÓ kÕt luËn X vµ Y lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
Mai tiªu dïng 2 hµng hãa A vµ B, vµ ®ang ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng

tiªu dïng. Lîi Ých cËn biªn cña ®¬n vÞ hµng hãa A cuèi cïng lµ
10 vµ B lµ 5. NÕu gi¸ cña A lµ $0,5, th× gi¸ cña B lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
vµ cã hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n AVC = Q + 4. Chi
phÝ cËn biªn lµ:
(DWL)_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q + 4. Lîi nhuËn tèi ®a cña
h¬n?_x000D_

§êng cÇu thÞ trêng vÒ mét hµng ho¸ c«ng céng ®îc x¸c ®Þnh
b»ng çch céng tÊt c¶ _x000D_
Nh©n tè nµo sau cã thÓ lo¹i trõ ®îc vÊn ®Ò khan hiÕm?
H¹n h¸n cã thÓ sÏ:
_x000D_
Co gi·n cña cung trong dµi h¹n lín h¬n co gi·n cña cung trong
ng¾n h¹n v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
CÇu vÒ mét hµng hãa lµ co gi·n nÕu:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
C©u nµo sau ®©y lµ ®óng:_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
H·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn g©y ra phÇn mÊt kh«ng

v×_x000D_
Khi çc yÕu tè kh¸c kh«ng thay ®æi, tØ lÖ chi phÝ lao ®éng
trong tæng chi phÝ cµng lín th×_x000D_
Hµng hãa ç nh©n lµ nh÷ng hµng hãa mµ tiªu dïng chóng cã

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t = 10/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× phÇn
thuÕ ph¶i chÞu cña ngêi s¶n xuÊt /1 s¶n phÈm lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
Py n
nªn:_x000D_

_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

®Þnh._x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
Hoa cã thÓ chän ®i xem phim hoÆc ®i ch¬i tennis. NÕu nh
Hoa quyÕt ®Þnh ®i xem phim th× gi¸ trÞ cña viÖcch¬i tennis
lµ_x000D_
C¬n b·o Xangsane t¹i ViÖt nam võa qua lµm mÊt tr¾ng rÊt
nhiÒu diÖn tÝch nu«i trång thuû s¶n cã thÓ sÏ:_x000D_
Thu nhËp cña ngêi tiªu dïng t¨ng sÏ g©y ra:_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu dÇu thùc vËt cã nhiÒu hµng hãa thay thÕ th×: _x000D_
_x000D_
Ngêi tiªu dïng trë nªn thÝch tiªu dïng hµng hãa A. Gi¸ cña hµng
hãa A sÏ kh«ng thay ®æi nÕu co gi·n :_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

Lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ ®îc tÝnh b»ng tæng doanh thu trõ
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
§èi víi mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn tù nhiªn, ®êng tæng chi phÝ trung
b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng t¹i møc gi¸ c©n b»ng lµ:
CÇu ®èi víi b¸nh ngät t¹i 1 cöa hµng íc lîng ®îc nhsau:
_x000D_
Q =120 - 20P . Trong ®ã Q lµ lîng b¸nh ngät, P lµ gi¸ b¸nh
tÝnh b»ng $/chiÕc. T¹i møc gi¸ lµ 6$/chiÕc th× co gi·n cña cÇu
theo gi¸ b»ng:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö hµm cÇu hµng ho¸ A ®îc biÓu diÔn nhsau: Q=10I +
100 (Trong ®ã I lµ thu nhËp tÝnh b»ng triÖu ®ång vµ Q tÝnh
b»ng chiÕc)._x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp t¹i møc thu nhËp b»ng 10
lµ_x000D_
Hoa cã biÓu tiªu dïng 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y nhsau:_x000D_

Sè lîng Lîi Ých cËn biªn cña X Lîi Ých cËn biªn cña
Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q. _x000D_
lµ

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


VÊn ®Ò nµo díi ®©y thuéc kinh tÕ vi m«_x000D_
C«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt m¸y tÝnh ç nh©n (PC) tiªn tiÕn h¬n sÏ
lµm cho:_x000D_
Mét vµi nhµ s¶n xuÊt ®ang trß chuyÖn trong qu¸n bia. C©u
nãi nµo sau thÓ hiÖn sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng cung?
_x000D_
C¶i tiÕn c«ng nghÖ lµm gi¶m chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt m¸y
photocopy. NÕu cÇu ®èi víi m¸y photocopy lµ Ýt co gi·n theo
gi¸, khi ®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
NÕu X ®îc biÓu diÔn ë trôc hoµnh, khi mét ngêi tiªu dïng vËn
®éng däc xuèng phÝa díi mét ®êng bµng quan, nÕu t¨ng tiªu
dïng sè lîng hµng hãa X th×:_x000D_
Mét h·ng sö dông ph¬ng ph¸p s¶n xuÊt tèi thiÓu ho¸ chi phÝ:
s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña vèn lµ 10, gi¸ cña mét ®¬n vÞ vèn lµ
40 vµ gi¸ cña mét ®¬n vÞ lao ®éng lµ 16. S¶n phÈm cËn biªn
cña lao ®éng lµ bao nhiªu?_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o sÏ ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt nÕu
tæng doanh thu kh«ng ®ñ bï ®¾p _x000D_
§Æc ®iÓm nµo díi ®©y lµ cña ngµnh c¹nh tranh ®éc
quyÒn_x000D_
Víi môc ®Ých n©ng cao tiÒn l¬ng cña ngêi lao ®éng, ngoµi
chÝnh s¸ch tiÒn l¬ng tèi thiÓu, chÝnh phñ cßn cã thÓ sö
dông:_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
Trong trêng hîp ngo¹i øng tiªu cùc, thÞ trêng lu«n ®a ra gi¶i
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Py n
cña hµng h

_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn lµ:_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_


®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 3 - 0,2P. §Ó tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu,
quyÕt ®Þnh s¶n lîng vµ gi¸ b¸n cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn
lµ:_x000D_

®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q. PhÇn mÊt kh«ng mµ nhµ
®éc quyÒn g©y ra ®èi víi x· héi lµ_x000D_

®Þnh._x000D_
Gi¶ sö møc l¬ng tèi thiÓu lµ $4/h vµ dcung lµ 10 triÖu h. Sau

®ã, cÇu lao ®éng t¨ng vµ cung cÇu c¾t nhau ë møc l¬ng
$5/h._x000D_
§iÒu g× sÏ x¶y ra?_x000D_
NÕu c¶ cung vµ cÇu ®Òu t¨ng th× gi¸ thÞ trêng cã thÓ sÏ:
§êng cung vÒ thÞt bß dÞch chuyÓn lµ do:_x000D_
Khi ®îc mïa ngêi n«ng d©n thêng kh«ng vui v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
C¶n trë nµo díi ®©y lµ c¶n trë tù nhiªn ®èi víi çc h·ng míi
muèn x©m nhËp thÞ trêng_x000D_
§Ó mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã thÓ thùc hiÖn ph©n biÖt

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
T¹i møc gi¸ c©n b»ng th× thÆng dtiªu dïng (CS) lµ:_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cña hµng h
XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n
AVC = Q + 2 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 122 - P_x000D_
§Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn, nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q. ChØ sè søc m¹nh ®éc
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

®óng?_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
Trong mét thÕ giíi cã sù khan hiÕm:_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y kh«ng g©y ra sù dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cung?
Nh©n tè nµo sau kh«ng lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cung vÒ hµng
ho¸ X?_x000D_
Doanh thu tõ viÖc b¸n mét hµng hãa sÏ gi¶m nÕu:_x000D_

Ban ®Çu gi¸ cña bét giÆt nh·n hiÖu OMO trªn thÞ trêng lµ
8.000 ®ång/kg. NÕu chÝnh phñ ®¸nh thuÕ t=500 ®ång/kg
lµm gi¸ OMO trªn thÞ trêng lµ 8.500 ®ång/kg. Khi ®ã cÇu theo
gi¸ ®èi víi lo¹i bét giÆt OMO lµ:_x000D_
Minh cã $30 dµnh ®Ó mua vÐ xem phim vµ vÐ xe buýt. NÕu

gi¸ vÐ xem phim lµ $6/ chiÕc vµ vÐ xe buýt lµ $2/ chiÕc. VËy
thu nhËp thùc tÕ cña Minh vÒ 2 lo¹i hµng hãa trªn lµ bao
nhiªu?_x000D_
Mai tiªu dïng 2 hµng ho¸ A vµ B vµ ®ang ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng

tiªu dïng. Lîi Ých cËn biªn cña ®¬n vÞ hµng ho¸ A cuèi cïng lµ
10 vµ B lµ 5. NÕu gi¸ cña A lµ 0,5$ th× gi¸ cña B lµ:
Khi tiÒn l¬ng lao ®éng trùc tiÕp t¨ng_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn :_x000D_
Gi¶ sö cÇu hµng ho¸ dÞch vô trªn thÞ trêng t¨ng th× tiÒn l¬ng
trªn thÞ trêng lao ®éng sÏ_x000D_
Khi ®êng giao th«ng kh«ng bÞ t¾c, nã gièng nh_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ cÇu Q = 22 -
P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
Phóc lîi x· héi rßng (NSB) t¹i møc gi¸ c©n b»ng lµ:
-Q_x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ t¹i møc gi¸ P = 80 lµ:_x000D_

HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ víi møc gi¸ P=8_x000D_

møc thu nhËp
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
100 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 122 - Q. NÕu ®¸nh thuÕ t =
4/ s¶n phÈm, ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn nhµ ®éc quyÒn quyÕt
®Þnh s¶n xuÊt lµ:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
Mçi x· héi cÇn gi¶i quyÕt vÊn ®Ò kinh tÕ nµo díi ®©y?
_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
®©y?
§é co gi·n chÐo gi÷a cam vµ quýt sÏ cã gi¸ trÞ:_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_
S¶n lîng sÏ t¨ng nhá h¬n 10% khi tÊt c¶ çc ®Çu vµo t¨ng 10%
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong trêng hîp cã thÓ ph©n biÖt gi¸, cÇn thiÕt ph¶i_x000D_
Cung lao ®éng ç nh©n cã thÓ cã d¹ng cong trë l¹i vÒ phÝa
sau nhng cung lao ®éng cña thÞ trêng vÉn lµ ®êng dèc lªn
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Cho hµm cÇu (D): Q = 25 - P/4, vµ hµm cung (S): Q = P/2 - 20,
gi¸ vµ lîng c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Gi¶ sö co gi·n cña cung theo gi¸ lµ 1,5. NÕu gi¸ t¨ng 20% th× l
îng cung sÏ_x000D_
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 400 - 2P. Doanh thu cËn biªn lµ:
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
Hµm chi phÝ b×nh qu©n ATC = Q + 4_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn
lµ_x000D_

(DWL)_x000D_

h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
Díi ®©y ®©u lµ vÝ dô vÒ tb¶n nhlµ yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt_x000D_
ho¸ X?_x000D_
NÕu thu nhËp t¨ng, ®êng ng©n s¸ch sÏ;_x000D_
Khi tæng s¶n lîng ®Çu ra t¨ng th×:_x000D_

Quy luËt tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn gi¶m dÇn nãi r»ng tû lÖ thay
thÕ cËn biªn cña_x000D_
Khi doanh thu cËn biªn t¹i mét møc s¶n lîng nµo ®ã lµ sè ©m
th×_x000D_
§êng cung cña ®éc quyÒn b¸n_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
Khi ®êng cung lao ®éng mµ mét h·ng gÆp ph¶i lµ ®êng n»m
ngang th×:_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ lµ $10 th× lîng mua lµ 5400 kg/ ngµy vµ nÕu gi¸ lµ
$15 th× lîng mua lµ 4600kg/ngµy, khi ®ã hÖ sè co gi·n cña
cÇu theo gi¸ lµ: (gi¸ trÞ tuyÖt ®èi)_x000D_
cña hµng h
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144. NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng lµ 29, Lîi nhuËn tèi ®a mµ
h·ng cã thÓ thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
vµ hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 4Q + 8000_x000D_
lµ
(DWL)_x000D_

hµm chi phÝ cËn biªn MC = Q + 2. NÕu doanh nghiÖp ®éc
quyÒn nµy ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o sÏ quyÕt ®Þnh møc s¶n l
îng lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi gi¸ cña s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh t¹i nhµ s¸ch cña trêng §¹i häc Kinh
tÕ Quèc d©n t¨ng lªn th×:_x000D_
ThiÕu hôt trªn thÞ trêng cã nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
NÕu cung hµng hãa A t¨ng lµm cho cÇu vÒ hµng hãa B gi¶m
th×:_x000D_
NÕu A vµ B lµ hai hµng hãa ®éc lËp th× ®é co gi·n chÐo
lµ:_x000D_
C©u nµo sau ®©y lµ sai?_x000D_
§êng MC c¾t _x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
ThÞ trêng cã xu híng t¹o ra mét lîng hµng hãa c«ng

céng_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Ps = 6 + Q vµ Pd = 22 -

Q_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ lîng c©n b»ng trªn thÞ trêng lµ:_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
NÕu muèn gi¸ lóa gi¶m, ChÝnh phñ cã thÓ lµm ®iÒu nµo díi
®©y?
§iÒu nµo sau ®©y lµ ®óng khi m« t¶ gi¸ ®iÒu chØnh ®Ó h¹n
chÕ dthõa?_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö co gi·n chÐo gi÷a A vµ B lµ ©m th×:_x000D_

Vµo cuèi mïa hÌ, thêi tiÕt nãng ®ét ngét lµm t¨ng cÇu vÒ m¸y
®iÒu hßa nhiÖt ®é vµ çc nhµ cung cÊp kh«ng cã ®ñ hµng
dù tr÷. Cung t¹m thêi vÒ m¸y ®iÒu hßa lµ:_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o ®ang s¶n xuÊt mét møc
s¶n lîng t¹i ®ã gi¸ b»ng tæng chi phÝ trung b×nh, th×
h·ng_x000D_
Theo lý thuyÕt ®êng cÇu gÉy cña ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn, t¹i
møc s¶n lîng t¬ng øng víi ®iÓm gÉy_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ víi møc gi¸ P= 4_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
(DWL)_x000D_


$5/h._x000D_

®©y ®óng?
th×_x000D_

Nh©n tè nµo sau kh«ng g©y ra sù t¨ng cÇu vÒ mét hµng ho¸?
_x000D_
CÇu vÒ mét hµng hãa lµ kh«ng co gi·n nÕu:_x000D_
S¶n phÈm b×nh qu©n cña lao ®éng lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
Chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt Ýt nhÊt ®Ó s¶n xuÊt ra mét møc s¶n lîng x¶y
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_

CÇu ®èi víi mét lo¹i lao ®éng nhÊt ®Þnh sÏ co gi·n
h¬n_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
Ph¬ng tr×nh cung vÒ hµng hãa A lµ P = 100 + 10Qs. Co gi·n
cña cung theo gi¸ trong kho¶ng lîng cung tõ 9 ®Õn 11
lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
AVC=Q vµ cã ®êng cÇu Q = 12 - P . Doanh thu cËn biªn lµ:
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 4Q + 8000. Doanh thu cËn biªn
lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q + 4. PhÇn mÊt kh«ng mµ
nhµ ®éc quyÒn g©y ra ®èi víi x· héi lµ_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
Trong m« h×nh cung cÇu, ®iÒu g× x¶y ra khi cÇu gi¶m?
Lîng cÇu vÒ t¸o gi¶m 8% khi gi¸ cña t¸o t¨ng 8%. CÇu vÒ t¸o
lµ:_x000D_
§êng ng©n s¸ch biÓu diÔn;_x000D_
Tû lÖ l·i suÊt lµ 10%/n¨m. B¹n ®Çu t150 triÖu ®ång kho¶n

tiÒn riªng cña m×nh vµo mét c«ng viÖc kinh doanh vµ kiÕm
®îc lîi nhuËn tÝnh to¸n lµ 40 triÖu ®ång sau mét n¨m. Gi¶ sö
çc yÕu tè kh¸c kh«ng ®æi th× lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ b¹n thu ®îc
lµ:_x000D_
Mét h·ng cã 2 lao ®éng A vµ B, ®ã lµ nh÷ng ®Çu vµo duy

nhÊt trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt. S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña A lµ 40
s¶n phÈm/ giê vµ cña B lµ 60 s¶n phÈm / giê. A ®îc tr¶ 5$/giê,
cßn B lµ 12$/giê. Lêi khuyªn cña b¹n cho h·ng sÏ lµ:_x000D_
h·ng_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong trêng hîp hµng ho¸ c«ng céng:_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
Minh cã biÓu tiªu dïng 2 hµng ho¸ X vµ Y nhsau:_x000D_
Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_

(DWL)_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
§Ó cã ®îc quyÕt ®Þnh lùa chän tèi u, con ngêi ph¶i_x000D_
§èi víi hµng ho¸ th«ng thêng, khi thu nhËp gi¶m:

_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
B¶n ®å ®êng bµng quan ®îc ®Þnh nghÜa lµ:_x000D_

Khi ngêi lao ®éng thø 7 ®îc thuª, s¶n lîng t¨ng tõ 100 ®¬n vÞ
mét tuÇn lªn 110 ®¬n vÞ mét tuÇn. Khi ngêi lao ®éng thø 8
®îc thuª, s¶n lîng t¨ng tõ 110 lªn 118 ®¬n vÞ. §©y lµ vÝ dô
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö mét h·ng cã thÓ thuª lao ®éng trong thÞ trêng c¹nh
tranh hoµn h¶o. §iÒu nµy cã nghÜa lµ chi phÝ cËn biªn ®Ó
thuª lao ®éng sÏ b»ng_x000D_
Mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn b¸n s¶n phÈm sÏ cã ®êng s¶n phÈm
doanh thu cËn biªn cña lao ®éng lµ: _x000D_
_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö hµm cÇu vÒ hµng ho¸ A phô thuéc vµo thu nhËp (I) ®îc
cho bëi ph¬ng tr×nh sau: Q = 10I +100. trong ®ã Q lµ lîng
hµng A tÝnh b»ng ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm. T¹i møc thu nhËp lµ 10
triÖu ®ång th× co gi·n cña cÇu hµng ho¸ A theo thu nhËp sÏ
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
Lîng cÇu vÒ hµng hãa A ®îc cho ë b¶ng sau, gi¶ sö ngêi tiªu
dïng nµy mua 3 ®¬n vÞ hµng ho¸ A. NÕu gi¸ cña ®¬n vÞ ®Çu
tiªn lµ 10$ vµ gi¸ cña 2 ®¬n vÞ tiÕp theo lµ 8$, tæng thÆng d
tiªu dïng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
ViÖc tnh©n cung cÊp hµng ho¸ c«ng céng_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong nÒn kinh tÕ thÞ trêng, gi¸ c©n b»ng ®îc x¸c ®Þnh bëi:
viÖc:_x000D_
NÕu cÇu kh«ng co gi·n, muèn t¨ng tæng doanh thu th×
ph¶i:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn gi÷a 2 hµng hãa kh«ng ®æi nghÜa
lµ:_x000D_

Tæng chi phÝ lµ;_x000D_
_x000D_
Doanh thu b×nh qu©n cña mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu çc h·ng trong c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn cã mét chót søc
m¹nh thÞ trêng, khi ®ã_x000D_
§êng cÇu thÞ trêng ®èi víi hµng hãa ç nh©n ®îc x¸c ®Þnh
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_
ThÊt b¹i thÞ trêng trong viÖc cung cÊp hµng ho¸ c«ng céng lµ
mét trêng hîp ®Æc biÖt cña ngo¹i øng tÝch cùc v×:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ ®Æt gi¸ sµn P = 12$ th× sÏ g©y ra phÇn tæn
lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC=Q vµ chi phÝ cè ®Þnh FC=
4. Chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ:
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
®ã_x000D_
CÇu ®èi víi mét hµng hãa sÏ co gi·n Ýt h¬n theo gi¸
nÕu:_x000D_
Co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ 2 (gi¸ trÞ tuyÖt ®èi), gi¸ gi¶m 1%
sÏ:_x000D_

Mét thî ®iÖn quyÕt ®Þnh bá c«ng viÖc hiÖn t¹i ë mét doanh
nghiÖp víi møc l¬ng 200 triÖu mét n¨m. Anh ta cã thÓ nhËn ®
îc mét c«ng viÖc ë doanh nghiÖp kh¸c víi møc l¬ng 300 triÖu
mét n¨m hoÆc tù lµm cho m×nh. Chi phÝ c¬ héi cña viÖc anh
ta tù lµm cho m×n
Quy luËt hiÖu suÊt gi¶m dÇn ®óng víi_x000D_

_x000D_
h·ng_x000D_

v×_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
AVC= 2,5Q+3 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 15 - 5Q. Chi phÝ
cËn biªn lµ:
lµ_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
th×_x000D_
®ã_x000D_

Khi gi¸ t¨ng 1%, tæng doanh thu t¨ng 1% th× cÇu lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö gi¸ cña tivi t¨ng 10%. YÕu tè nµo sau ®©y sÏ co gi·n
nhiÒu nhÊt khi gi¸ thay ®æi:_x000D_
_x000D_
Lan cã møc thu nhËp $500 ®Ó mua s¸ch, rau qu¶, vµ çc ho¹t
$25/kg, cña ho¹t ®éng gi¶i trÝ lµ $10/h. Sè giê lín nhÊt dµnh
møc thu nhËp tr

_x000D_
Khi kü thuËt s¶n xuÊt tèi thiÓu hãa chi phÝ ®îc sö dông, s¶n
phÈm cËn biªn cña lao ®éng trªn mét ®ång chi cho lao ®éng
b»ng víi_x000D_
Mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn sÏ kh«ng bao giê s¶n
xuÊt ë møc s¶n lîng _x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

HÖ sè co gi·n Ep = -0,8 t¹i ®iÓm cã møc gi¸ lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_


Q. _x000D_
lµ
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö møc l¬ng tèi thiÓu lµ $4/giê vµ 1100 lao ®éng ®îc
thuª. Sau ®ã chÝnh phñ t¨ng møc l¬ng tèi thiÓu lªn $6/giê vµ
900 lao ®éng ®îc thuª. Chóng ta cã thÓ nhËn xÐt:_x000D_
_x000D_

hiÕm?_x000D_
lîn?
viÖc:_x000D_
_x000D_
luËn:_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng cã thÓ thuª 80 lao ®éng víi gi¸ $6 mçi ngêi nh
ng ph¶i thuª víi gi¸ $7 mçi ngêi nÕu thuª 81 lao ®éng th× chi
phÝ cËn biªn cña ®¬n vÞ lao ®éng thø 81 lµ bao
nhiªu_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_


TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

Mét doanh nghiÖp ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu Q= 200 - 10P vµ
hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi VC = 0,5Q*Q + 2Q. Chi phÝ cËn biªn
lµ_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
NÒn kinh tÕ ViÖt Nam lµ_x000D_

lîn?

_x000D_
NÕu co gi·n chÐo gi÷a hai hµng hãa A vµ B lµ d¬ng,

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
§êng cung th¼ng ®øng :_x000D_
§iÓm ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt cña h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o x¶y
ra ë ®iÓm _x000D_
_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
ThÞ trêng nµy cã phóc lîi x· héi rßng (NSB) lµ:_x000D_
Py n
HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ khi gi¸ t¨ng tõ 5 ®Õn 6
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
Hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q + 4. NÕu nhµ ®éc quyÒn
ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o, lîi nhuËn thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
Khi gi¸ cña b¸nh mú trøng t¹i c¨ng tin cña trêng §¹i häc Kinh tÕ
Quèc d©n t¨ng lªn th×:_x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n nµo sau ®©y nãi lªn sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®
êng cÇu chø kh«ng ph¶i dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
§é dèc cña mét ®êng bµng quan ®îc ®Þnh nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
Trong hµm s¶n xuÊt cã d¹ng Cobb- Douglas, ®iÒu nµo sau
®©y sai:_x000D_
NÕu doanh thu cËn biªn d¬ng ë mét møc s¶n lîng nhÊt ®Þnh,
khi ®ã_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo sau ®©y lµ vÝ dô cho trêng hîp ngo¹i øng tÝch
cùc:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
NÕu nhµ níc ®¸nh thuÕ t=2/s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th× gi¸ vµ lîng
c©n b»ng trªn thÞ trêng lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
_x000D_

cho:_x000D_
khi_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
nguån lùc ®Ó s¶n xuÊt ra hµng ho¸ A t¨ng lªn th× gi¸ cña:
_x000D_
Cung lµ kh«ng co gi·n nÕu: _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Chi phÝ c¬ héi cña viÖc sö dông nh÷ng thiÕt bÞ vÉn cßn
®ang ho¹t ®éng nhng kh«ng cßn gi¸ trÞ ®Ó b¸n l¹i lµ_x000D_
Trong dµi h¹n, thua lç lín nhÊt mµ h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o cã
thÓ ph¶i chÞu lµ:_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
Py n
nªn:_x000D_

_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_

Khi gi¸ thÞt bß t¨ng sÏ g©y ra:_x000D_
Mét sù ®ét ph¸ vÒ c«ng nghÖ lµm gi¶m chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt m¸y
photocopy. NÕu cÇu vÒ m¸y photocopy lµ co gi·n theo gi¸, lîng
cÇu vÒ m¸y sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu ATC ®ang t¨ng, khi ®ã MC ph¶i_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
Trong m« h×nh dßng lu©n chuyÓn:_x000D_
Chi phÝ c¬ héi cã nghÜa lµ_x000D_

biÕt:_x000D_
Gi¶ sö cÇu lµ co gi·n hoµn toµn, nÕu ®êng cung dÞch chuyÓn
sang ph¶i sÏ lµm cho :_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o trong ng¾n h¹n cã thÓ bï
®¾p ®îc chi phÝ biÕn ®æi vµ mét phÇn chi phÝ cè ®Þnh th×
nã ®ang ho¹t ®éng t¹i phÇn ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn:_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o ®ang thu ®îc lîi nhuËn, khi
®ã h·ng ®ang s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng sao cho_x000D_

êng?_x000D_


Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
lµ_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

Mét ngêi ®i c¾t tãc ph¶i chi ra mét kho¶n tiÒn lµ 10.000
®ång, vËy chi phÝ c¬ héi cña sù lùa chän lµ: _x000D_

_x000D_
HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp cho biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö mét h·ng ®ang c©n nh¾c liÖu cã nªn ®ãng cöa hay
kh«ng ®Ó tèi thiÓu hãa thua lç. NÕu gi¸ b»ng chi phÝ biÕn
®æi trung b×nh th×_x000D_
Trong dµi h¹n h·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn sÏ s¶n xuÊt mét møc
s¶n lîng t¹i ®ã gi¸ b»ng_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
lµ:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

hµm cÇu Q = 400 - 2P. NÕu nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph©n biÖt gi¸
hoµn h¶o, lîi nhuËn thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

viÖc:_x000D_
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong kinh tÕ häc, ng¾n h¹n lµ thêi kú s¶n xuÊt trong

®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
Doanh thu ®îc x¸c ®Þnh lµ_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

h¬n_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_

_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:
(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
lµ:_x000D_
AVC = Q + 2 vµ ®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu Q = 122 - P. Doanh thu
cËn biªn lµ
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
®©y?
NÕu ng« lµ hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp th× khi gi¸ ng« t¨ng sÏ lµm
cho:_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ t¨ng 5% lµm cho lîng cung t¨ng 9%:_x000D_

§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ sai :_x000D_

_x000D_
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_
Møc gi¸ tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ t¨ng
khi:_x000D_
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

h¬n?_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
®ã_x000D_

C«ng ty phÇn mÒm FPT ph¸t triÓn mét phÇn mÒm míi sö dông
phï hîp víi m¸y tÝnh ELEAD. NhvËy chóng ta cã thÓ kÕt
luËn:_x000D_
_x000D_
Hµng hãa xa xØ cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ kü thuËt cËn biªn ®îc ®o lêng bëi ®é dèc

cña_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_

P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
chi phÝ lµ TC=Q*Q+4. ChØ sè ®o søc m¹nh ®éc quyÒn (L)
lµ:_x000D_
500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

®óng?_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
§èi víi 1 ®êng cÇu tuyÕn tÝnh, khi vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng
cÇu th×:_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
Gi¶ sö cÇu hµng ho¸ dÞch vô trªn thÞ trêng gi¶m th× tiÒn l
¬ng trªn thÞ trêng lao ®éng sÏ _x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
thuÕ ph¶i chÞu cña ngêi tiªu dïng/s¶n phÈm lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_


3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

_x000D_

®©y ®óng?

lµ_x000D_
Tuyªn bè chuÈn t¾c lµ tuyªn bè_x000D_
chÕ thiÕu hôt?_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
§êng cung n»m ngang: _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
Møc s¶n lîng lµm tèi ®a ho¸ tæng doanh thu cña mét h·ng
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
Gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng c©n b»ng lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_


XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_


thu cËn biªn lµ

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
Mét nÒn kinh tÕ hçn hîp bao gåm_x000D_
®©y?
Cã thÓ h¹n chÕ dthõa thÞ trêng th«ng qua:_x000D_
_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
Co gi·n chÐo gi÷a cÇu thÞt bß vµ gi¸ thÞt lîn lµ:_x000D_
TÝnh kinh tÕ kh«ng ®æi theo quy m« nghÜa lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


®Þnh._x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
khi_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
Khi thuÕ t/®¬n vÞ ®¸nh vµo hµng ho¸ th× :_x000D_
Hµm s¶n xuÊt ng¾n h¹n cho biÕt_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn muèn tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn th× h·ng
cÇn _x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
®ã_x000D_
Lîng m¸y ®iÒu hoµ mµ ngêi tiªu dïng mua phô thuéc vµo:
Nguyªn nh©n nµo sau ®©y lµm t¨ng cÇu vÒ phë gµ?_x000D_

_x000D_
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö r»ng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn t¨ng gÊp
®«i. §iÒu nµy dÉn ®Õn_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_


_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


îng lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_

Gi¶m gi¸ vÐ xem phim buæi ban ngµy dÉn ®Õn tæng doanh
thu tõ viÖc b¸n vÐ gi¶m xuèng, ta kÕt luËn cÇu theo gi¸ ®èi
víi vÐ xem phim ban ngµy lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
§êng s¶n phÈm cËn biªn c¾t ®êng s¶n phÈm b×nh qu©n
t¹i:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

v×_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_

_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
®©y sai:_x000D_

khi ®ã_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
_x000D_

cho:_x000D_
khi_x000D_
NÕu mét ngêi quyÕt ®Þnh tèi u b»ng çch so s¸nh lîi Ých cËn
biªn vµ chi phÝ cËn biªn cña sù lùa chän anh ta ph¶i:_x000D_
Gi¸ cña A t¨ng lªn sÏ lµm dÞch chuyÓn:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
HiÖu suÊt t¨ng theo quy m« (hoÆc tÝnh kinh tÕ cña quy m«)
lµ ®iÒu kiÖn kü thuËt trong ®ã % thay ®æi cña s¶n l
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
§èi víi mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn sù thay ®æi tæng doanh thu do
b¸n thªm mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm
®oµn _x000D_
do_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
b»ng:_x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
vµ hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC = Q+ 2. Doanh
thu cËn biªn lµ:
(DWL)_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

th×_x000D_
Thêi tiÕt thuËn lîi cho viÖc trång cam cã thÓ sÏ:
Dthõa trªn thÞ trêng:_x000D_

_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®ang s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng t¹i
®ã chi phÝ cËn biªn lín h¬n doanh thu cËn biªn, nhµ ®éc
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

_x000D_
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr

_x000D_
C«ng nghÖ hiÖn ®¹i lµm dÞch chuyÓn_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
cña hµng h
XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_

®ã_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ cao h¬n gi¸ c©n b»ng th× khi ®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_
§êng cÇu n»m ngang: _x000D_

_x000D_
Khi gi¸ yÕu tè ®Çu vµo cè ®Þnh cña mét h·ng t¨ng th× lµm
cho:

_x000D_
§êng cÇu cña mét yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt sÏ dÞch chuyÓn sang ph¶i
khi_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY._x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

thu cËn biªn lµ


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ hµng ho¸ A gi¶m xuèng g©y ra sù dÞch chuyÓn cña
®êng cÇu ®èi víi hµng ho¸ B vÒ bªn tr¸i th×:
Dthõa trªn thÞ trêng cã nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Co gi·n dµi h¹n cña cung theo gi¸ cña mét hµng hãa lín h¬n
®é co gi·n ng¾n h¹n v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
®Çu vµo t¨ng lªn:_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
nhuËn?_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h


Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Mai cã thÓ mua A hoÆc B. Gi¸ cña A vµ B ®Òu lµ 1$. Khi chi
tiªu hÕt thu nhËp Mai thu ®îc lîi Ých cËn biªn tõ mua A lµ 10
vµ tõ B lµ 8. Mai sÏ cã lîi nÕu
Chi phÝ nµo trong çc chi phÝ díi ®©y cã d¹ng ch÷
"U":_x000D_
§é dèc ®êng ®ång lîng ®o lêng_x000D_

_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_


Q_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ thÞ trêng b»ng 6, lîi nhuËn tèi ®a mµ h·ng cã thÓ ®¹t
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:

h¬n?_x000D_
cho:_x000D_

NÕu cung hµng hãa A t¨ng lµm cho cÇu vÒ hµng hãa B t¨ng
th×:_x000D_
C©u nµo sau ®©y minh häa cÇu lµ kh«ng co gi·n:_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
hµng A tÝnh b»ng ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm. Khi thu nhËp t¨ng tõ 10
triÖu ®ång lªn 15 triÖu ®ång th× co gi·n cña cÇu hµng ho¸ A
theo thu nhËp sÏ
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_

®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
§êng chi phÝ trung b×nh dµi h¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

cho:_x000D_
khi_x000D_
§é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ b»ng kh«ng, khi gi¸ gi¶m
th×:_x000D_
Hoµng Lan lµ mét nhµ v¨n tù do víi thu nhËp 40000$ mét n¨m.
Hoµng Lan cã thÓ lµm viÖc cho mét tßa b¸o víi møc l¬ng
25000$ mét n¨m. LÜnh vùc kinh doanh tù do cña Hoµng Lan
®ßi hái chi phÝ cho nguyªn vËt liÖu ®Ó viÕt lµ 1000$ vµ chi
phÝ thuª nhµ lµ 12000$.

_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
nhµ s¶n xuÊt ph¶i chÞu sÏ lµ:
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_

cÇu th×:_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
_x000D_
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

chi phÝ lµ TC=Q*Q+4. Lîi nhuËn tèi ®a mµ h·ng ®éc quyÒn cã
thÓ thu ®îc lµ:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_


Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ

®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_


ho¸ X?_x000D_
§o lêng ph¶n øng cña lîng cÇu hµng hãa nµy ®èi víi sù thay
®æi gi¸ hµng hãa cã liªn quan lµ:_x000D_
cÇu th×:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
Doanh thu cËn biªn lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o sÏ s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_


TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
_x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
VÊn ®Ò khan hiÕm tån t¹i_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi hÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp lµ ©m, th× hµng ho¸
®ã lµ:_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
C©n b»ng c¹nh tranh dµi h¹n kh«ng thÓ tån t¹i nÕu_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:
(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(DWL)_x000D_
_x000D_
th×_x000D_

NÕu chi phÝ lao ®éng lµ 50$ mét ngµy vµ chi phÝ vèn lµ 100$
mét ngµy, víi tæng chi tiªu lµ 900$, kÕt hîp vèn vµ lao ®éng
nµo h·ng cã thÓ thuª lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Nhµ ®éc quyÒn thêng thu lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ d¬ng v×_x000D_
H·ng ®éc quyÒn b¸n kh«ng bao giê ho¹t ®éng _x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
NÕu phÇn tr¨m gi¶m cña gi¸ hµng hãa A lµ lín dÉn ®Õn phÇn
tr¨m gi¶m trong lîng cung hµng hãa A lµ nhá th×:_x000D_
B¶o tiªu dïng t¸o vµ chuèi. Gi¶ sö thu nhËp cña anh ta t¨ng
gÊp ®«i vµ gi¸ cña t¸o vµ chuèi còng t¨ng gÊp ®«i th× ®êng
ng©n s¸ch cña B¶o sÏ;_x000D_
cho:
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
th×_x000D_
biÕt:_x000D_
Mét hµng hãa cã cÇu Ýt co gi·n theo gi¸ thêng:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
Khi s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao ®éng lín h¬n s¶n phÈm trung
b×nh cña lao ®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
Mét ®iÓm kh¸c biÖt gi÷a c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o vµ c¹nh tranh
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ
Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q + 100 vµ

®èi diÖn víi hµm cÇu P = 122 - Q. NÕu nhµ ®éc quyÒn thùc
hiÖn ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o th× lîi nhuËn thu ®îc
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
lîn?
NÕu gi¸ « t« s¶n xuÊt trong níc t¨ng th× ngêi tiªu dïng sÏ t×m
mua xe nhËp khÈu. KÕt qu¶ lµ lîng b¸n xe s¶n xuÊt trong níc
gi¶m vµ lîng xe nhËp khÈu sÏ t¨ng. §iÒu nµy cã nghÜa
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
vµ hµm chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC = Q+ 2. Chi phÝ
cËn biªn lµ:

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_
Cung lµ co gi·n nÕu:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi tæng chi phÝ lµ tèi thiÓu, tû lÖ s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao
®éng so víi s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Py n
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_

quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
Çc ®êng ®ång lîng t¬ng øng víi nh÷ng møc s¶n lîng lín
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_

_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
Mét sè ngêi qu¶n lý ®ang nãi chuyÖn trong cöa hµng. C©u
nãi nµo sau ph¶n ¸nh sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng cÇu?
_x000D_
luËn:_x000D_

®óng:_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Py n
nªn:_x000D_


2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
®©y ®óng?
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
®oµn _x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
169 _x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
CÇu vÒ hµng hãa A lµ co gi·n ®¬n vÞ nÕu:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
Kh¶ n¨ng tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn b»ng viÖc ®Æt gi¸ lµ_x000D_


_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
th×_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
XY._x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
b»ng:_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Muèn tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn th× s¶n xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n lîng
mµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_
_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
lµ_x000D_

XY._x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_

_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
§êng ng©n s¸ch phô thuéc vµo:_x000D_

th×_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_

XY._x000D_
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_


P= 50 - Q_x000D_

îng lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu gi¸ cam t¨ng lªn b¹n nghÜ g× vÒ gi¸ cña quýt trªn cïng
mét thÞ trêng
Hµng ho¸ X lµ hµng ho¸ th«ng thêng nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
Khi chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh gi¶m dÇn chÝnh lµ phÇn t¹i
®ã:_x000D_
S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña vèn lµ_x000D_

_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?


_x000D_

_x000D_
Ph¸t biÓu nµo sau ®©y lµ kh«ng chÝnh x¸c:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
khi ®ã_x000D_
khi_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

(DWL) lµ:_x000D_

cho:_x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn ®îc ®Þnh nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_
khi_x000D_

biÕt:_x000D_

_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
Co gi·n cña cung theo gi¸ lµ thíc ®o sù ph¶n øng cña:_x000D_

_x000D_
Mét ®êng ®ång lîng cho biÕt_x000D_
_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_



_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:
Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_


TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®©y ®óng?


_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

cho:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_


XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_


thu cËn biªn lµ

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_
®óng:_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

Q_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
NÕu chÝnh phñ trî cÊp 2$/1 ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm b¸n ra th×
tr¹ng th¸i c©n b»ng thÞ trêng x¶y ra t¹i:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
-Q_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

_x000D_
Sù chi tr¶ cho çc yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt cña mét h·ng ®îc gäi
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q. _x000D_
lµ

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
th×_x000D_
Nh©n tè nµo sau sÏ lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu rîu "Vodka Hµ
Néi" sang ph¶i?_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_

®©y sai:_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
th×_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
cho:


_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
"U":_x000D_
Ph¬ng ph¸p Ýt chi phÝ nhÊt ®Ó s¶n xuÊt mét møc s¶n lîng
cho tríc ®îc x¸c ®Þnh t¹i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu doanh thu cËn biªn cña mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o lín
h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn th× h·ng_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y ®óng víi c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn nhng kh«ng
®óng víi ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn_x000D_
_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
lµ_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_

Tõ n¨m 1960, sè lîng lao ®éng n÷ t¨ng ®¸ng kÓ. Dùa trªn
th«ng tin nµy chóng ta cã thÓ dù ®o¸n thÞ trêng dÞch vô
ch¨m sãc trÎ em sÏ:_x000D_
Hµng hãa nµo sau ®©y cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ Ýt
nhÊt:_x000D_

khi:_x000D_
_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
ho¸ X?_x000D_
_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
Trong dµi h¹n h·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn sÏ _x000D_


P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:
lµ_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
lµ_x000D_


_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
®ã_x000D_

sang tr¸i?_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

Trong dµi h¹n:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y kh«ng ®óng trong trêng hîp h·ng c¹nh tranh
hoµn h¶o_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
(DWL)_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
khi_x000D_

ho¸ X?_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ sö gi¸ cña çc hµng hãa t¨ng gÊp ®«i vµ thu nhËp còng
t¨ng gÊp ®«i. C©u nµo sau ®©y lµ ®óng?_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o quyÕt ®Þnh s¶n lîng tèi u
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
nªn:_x000D_


2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
biÕt:_x000D_
ThiÕu hôt trªn thÞ trêng:_x000D_
Khi chi phÝ nguån lùc ®Ó s¶n xuÊt hµng hãa A t¨ng dÉn
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
Chi phÝ cËn biªn ®îc tÝnh lµ_x000D_
mµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu A lµ hµng hãa thay thÕ hoµn h¶o cho B, ®é co gi·n chÐo
gi÷a 2 hµng hãa nµy lµ:_x000D_


®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
Gi¶ ®Þnh General Motor cã thÓ t¨ng gÊp 3 s¶n xuÊt lo¹i xe
Cavaliers nhê t¨ng gÊp 3 ph¬ng tiÖn s¶n xuÊt . §©y lµ vÝ dô
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
NÕu ChÝnh phñ ®Æt gi¸ P=30 th× thÆng dtiªu dïng sÏ lµ:
-Q_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®©y sai:_x000D_
khi ®ã_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
khi_x000D_

hiÕm?_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
Trong ng¾n h¹n, thua lç lín nhÊt mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o
cã thÓ ph¶i chÞu lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
thu cËn biªn lµ

îng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

§êng MC c¾t _x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

hiÕm?_x000D_
®©y?

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
§iÒu nµo vÒ chi phÝ ng¾n h¹n díi ®©y lµ sai?_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_


_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:


$5/h._x000D_
sang tr¸i?_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_
v×_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_


sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
cña hµng h
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_

_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu co gi·n chÐo gi÷a hai hµng hãa A vµ B lµ ©m,

th×:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu mét h·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn thu ®îc lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ
d¬ng th×_x000D_
_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_

®ã_x000D_
ho¸ X?_x000D_
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

t¹i ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


®Þnh._x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

ho¸ X?_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_


_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_


møc thu nhËp
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
$5/h._x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_

_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
cho:

lµ_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
khi_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10
_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_



$5/h._x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_

_x000D_

Co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp lµ phÇn tr¨m: _x000D_

_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
do_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_

h¬n?_x000D_
th×_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong nh÷ng ®iÒu ®Ò cËp ®Õn chi phÝ ng¾n h¹n díi ®©y,
®iÒu nµo lµ sai_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
_x000D_
®ã lµ:_x000D_
Khi tæng chi phÝ lµ tèi thiÓu, tû lÖ s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao
®éng so víi s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q. _x000D_
lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
®ã_x000D_
cho:
mµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

ph¸p t¹i ®ã:


P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_


lµ_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®ã_x000D_
Co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ rÊt quan träng v× nã cho

biÕt:_x000D_
t¹i:_x000D_

VC:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
tiªu_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
khi:_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h


TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_

®Þnh._x000D_


_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
_x000D_

3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_


thu cËn biªn lµ

îng lµ:_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
th×_x000D_
§iÒu g× ch¾c ch¾n g©y ra sù gia t¨ng cña lîng c©n b»ng?
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:

®Þnh._x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_

hiÕm?_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
lµ_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_



®óng?_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_
do_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
cña hµng h
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

®ã:_x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_


_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_

gi¸_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
(DWL)_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
khi_x000D_
mét thÞ trêng

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
nhuËn?_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Py n
lµ:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_

îng lµ:_x000D_
$5/h._x000D_


nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_

v×_x000D_
do_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_
®©y?

_x000D_

_x000D_
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
khi_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

cho:_x000D_
®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

NÕu tÊt c¶ çc yÕu tè ®Çu vµo t¨ng 10% vµ s¶n lîng ®Çu ra
t¨ng nhá h¬n 10%. §©y lµ trêng hîp:_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
(DWL)_x000D_


$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?

chÕ dthõa?_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
10
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ

_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
dông:_x000D_

_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_

®ã:_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
_x000D_

møc thu nhËp tr
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
§é dèc cña ®êng ®ång lîng lµ:_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

®ã:_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
®©y?
_x000D_
Mét ®êng cÇu th¼ng ®øng cã ®é co gi·n theo gi¸ lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_


_x000D_
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
luËn:_x000D_

_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_

_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
Q. _x000D_
lµ
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
C«ng ty phÇn mÒm FPT ph¸t triÓn mét phÇn mÒm míi sö dông
phï hîp víi m¸y tÝnh ELEAD. NhvËy chóng ta cã thÓ kÕt
luËn:_x000D_
_x000D_
§é lín cña c¶ ®é co gi·n cña cÇu vµ cung theo gi¸ phô thuéc
vµo:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
¤ng Minh vµ con trai së h÷u mét doanh nghiÖp cã tªn lµ Minh
Long vµ ®· x©y dùng ®îc uy tÝn rÊt tèt cho dÞch vô mµ c«ng
ty «ng cung cÊp. ¤ng Minh nghØ hu vµ con trai «ng ®æi tªn
cho c«ng ty thµnh Thµnh Long. NÕu tríc khi ®æi tªn c«ng ty
cã gi¸ trÞ 10000
b»ng víi_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
nªn:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

Q. _x000D_
lµ
lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_

_x000D_
Khi chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®ang gi¶m th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
nÕu_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu phÇn tr¨m trong lîng cÇu vÒ hµng X thay ®æi nhiÒu khi
phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi trong thu nhËp lµ nhá th× cÇu vÒ hµng
ho¸ X lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
Py n

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q. _x000D_
lµ
_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
®ã_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
t¹i ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ kü thuËt cËn biªn ®îc ®o lêng bëi ®é dèc

cña_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cña hµng h
XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ

îng lµ:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
khi_x000D_
®©y?

_x000D_
ph¶i:_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr

®ã_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
®oµn _x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY._x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


h¬n?_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_


2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_

Q. _x000D_
lµ
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

khi_x000D_
Thêi tiÕt thuËn lîi cho viÖc trång lóa cã thÓ:
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_

®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
Ph¬ng ph¸p Ýt chi phÝ nhÊt ®Ó s¶n xuÊt mét møc s¶n lîng
cho tríc ®îc x¸c ®Þnh t¹i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
th×_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_
Ph©n phèi thu nhËp kh«ng c«ng b»ng trong kinh tÕ thÞ trêng
lµ do_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
Py n
cña hµng h
Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_

®ã:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
khi_x000D_

®ã lµ:_x000D_

Minh thµnh lËp mét doanh nghiÖp vµ tù tr¶ l¬ng cho m×nh lµ
20000$ mét n¨m. Anh ®îc mêi lµm viÖc cho mét doanh
nghiÖp víi møc l¬ng 30000$ mét n¨m. Chi phÝ c¬ héi cña
Minh khi tù kinh doanh lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_


(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_

Gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ cã xu híng gi¶m khi:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Khi kü thuËt tèi thiÓu hãa chi phÝ ®îc sö dông th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

thu cËn biªn lµ

®Þnh._x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_
Khi c¶ cung vµ cÇu vÒ s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh kinh tÕ häc vi m« gi¶

®Òu gi¶m th× gi¸ c©n b»ng cã thÓ sÏ:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_



Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n lµ AVC= Q vµ chi phÝ cè ®Þnh
FC= 4. §Ó tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn nhµ ®éc quyÒn s¶n xuÊt t¹i
møc gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®ã_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
do_x000D_
_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_



500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_

§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu ®èi víi Cµ phª
Trung Nguyªn:_x000D_
viÖc:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
lµ:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_


th×:_x000D_


_x000D_

_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_



Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
®ã lµ:_x000D_
Hµng hãa nµo sau ®©y cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ Ýt
nhÊt:_x000D_

_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
b»ng çch_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q. _x000D_
lµ
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_
®ã_x000D_

lµm cho:_x000D_
ph¶i:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
Py n
-Q_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
®ã_x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_

dô vÒ_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_


XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
th×_x000D_
khi_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
®oµn _x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q. _x000D_
lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_

_x000D_



nhiªu?_x000D_

_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
møc thu nhËp
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
th×_x000D_

ThuÕ ®¸nh trªn ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm ®èi víi m¸y ¶nh kü thuËt
sè cña nhµ s¶n xuÊt sÏ lµm cho:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_


_x000D_
_x000D_
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
sang tr¸i?_x000D_
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇu th×:_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_

thu cËn biªn lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
500 - Q_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
®©y?

lµ:_x000D_

§iÒu nµo vÒ chi phÝ ng¾n h¹n díi ®©y lµ sai?_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
th×_x000D_
®ã_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
Hµng hãa nµo sau ®©y cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ nhá
nhÊt:
nµo?_x000D_
"U":_x000D_

_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_


biÕt:_x000D_

Muèn tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu, nhµ s¶n xuÊt ph¶i s¶n xuÊt ë møc
s¶n lîng:_x000D_

cña _x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_


XY_x000D_
êi tiªu

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
®ã_x000D_
sang tr¸i?_x000D_

Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña mét h·ng lµ 110 triÖu ®ång. NÕu tæng
chi phÝ ®Ó s¶n xuÊt 1 s¶n phÈm lµ 250 triÖu ®ång vµ 2 s¶n
phÈm lµ 270 triÖu ®ång, chi phÝ cËn biªn cña s¶n phÈm thø
hai b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_

VC:_x000D_
_x000D_
nhuËn?_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
lµ:_x000D_

quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY._x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

®ã:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
khi_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ ®Æc ®iÓm cña thÞ trêng c¹nh tranh
hoµn h¶o:_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

lµ_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_

hiÕm?_x000D_
Mét ®êng cÇu th¼ng ®øng cã ®é co gi·n theo gi¸ lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
®©y?
_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q. _x000D_
lµ
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_

®óng?_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_

th×:_x000D_

t¹i:_x000D_
ra khi_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
XY._x000D_
_x000D_
10
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
(DWL)_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?

lîn?
Lîng cÇu t¨ng cã nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
®oµn _x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

®ã:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_


_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
"U":_x000D_

_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_


Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
thu cËn biªn lµ:

h¬n?_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
"U":_x000D_
_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

®Þnh._x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
lµ_x000D_


®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
t¹i:_x000D_

_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
Ngµnh nµo díi ®©y lµ vÝ dô ®iÓn h×nh vÒ ®éc quyÒn tËp

®oµn _x000D_
dông:_x000D_

_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:

®Þnh._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_

_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

lµ_x000D_

NÕu gi¸ hµng ho¸ A t¨ng lªn g©y ra sù dÞch chuyÓn cña ®êng
cÇu ®èi víi hµng ho¸ B vÒ bªn tr¸i th×:
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt:
_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
lµ do_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_


lµ_x000D_


s¶n phÈm _x000D_
khi_x000D_

_x000D_

®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_

®oµn _x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
Chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ ®¹i lîng cho biÕt_x000D_

_x000D_
do_x000D_


Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

®óng?_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_
_x000D_

Chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ ®¹i lîng cho biÕt_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_

(DWL)_x000D_

îng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
Mét h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o quyÕt ®Þnh s¶n lîng tèi u
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_

-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
lµ_x000D_


®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

®©y?

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
th×_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
thu cËn biªn lµ

h¬n?_x000D_
khi_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu A lµ hµng hãa thay thÕ hoµn h¶o cho B, ®é co gi·n chÐo
gi÷a 2 hµng hãa nµy lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_

Q. _x000D_
lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_

_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
cña hµng h
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_

îng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
lµ_x000D_


®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

Thêi tiÕt thuËn lîi cho viÖc trång lóa cã thÓ:
_x000D_
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
d¬ng th×_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ do_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
®Þnh._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?

_x000D_
_x000D_
cã gi¸ trÞ 10000

_x000D_
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
khi ®ã_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
møc thu nhËp
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_

_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
lµ_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
nµo?_x000D_

cho:
gi¸_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ

quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_
th×:_x000D_
Cung lµ kh«ng co gi·n nÕu: _x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
Gi¶ ®Þnh mét nhµ m¸y s¶n xuÊt kÑo cã thÓ t¨ng gÊp ba s¶n l
îng nhê t¨ng gÊp ®«i ph¬ng tiÖn s¶n xuÊt. §©y lµ vÝ dô
vÒ_x000D_
v×_x000D_
do_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_


nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

500 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

®óng?_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×:_x000D_

møc thu nhËp tr
_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:


sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_
ph¶i:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
_x000D_
Mét sù ®ét ph¸ vÒ c«ng nghÖ lµm gi¶m chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt m¸y
photocopy. NÕu cÇu vÒ m¸y photocopy lµ co gi·n theo gi¸, lîng
cÇu vÒ m¸y sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_


_x000D_
_x000D_
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
(DWL)_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
nhÊt:
nhiªu?_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_

_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

îng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_

lîn?
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_



TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
khi:_x000D_

®oµn _x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
Py n

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
møc thu nhËp
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
lµ:_x000D_

®Þnh._x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
NÕu ®êng ®ång lîng c¾t ®êng ®ång phÝ_x000D_

_x000D_
xuÊt_x000D_
do_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

®óng?_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
ph¶i:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
®óng:_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
vµo_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_

_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

500 - Q_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_


_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_

do_x000D_
dông:_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

Khi ngêi lao ®éng thø 7 ®îc thuª, s¶n lîng t¨ng tõ 100 ®¬n vÞ
mét tuÇn lªn 110 ®¬n vÞ mét tuÇn. Khi ngêi lao ®éng thø 8
®îc thuª, s¶n lîng t¨ng tõ 110 lªn 118 ®¬n vÞ. §©y lµ vÝ dô
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
biÕt:_x000D_
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_

nhuËn?_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_

3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q+ 169 _x000D_

lµ_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_

biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
khi ®ã_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

thu cËn biªn lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
quyÒn lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_


_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

dô vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

cËn biªn _x000D_
®©y?
chÕ dthõa?_x000D_
_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
h·ng_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_


Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

(DWL)_x000D_


$5/h._x000D_

®©y ®óng?

th×_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
t¹i:_x000D_
mµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
h·ng_x000D_

dông_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
XY._x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ


mét thÞ trêng
th×:_x000D_

møc thu nhËp tr
lµ:_x000D_
mµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
Py n
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:


cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_

®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_

Q. _x000D_
lµ

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


lîn?
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_


TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_
lîn?

lµ:_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_


TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
nÕu_x000D_

_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_

Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_

_x000D_
®©y?
_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_


TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
Lîng cÇu t¨ng cã nghÜa lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇu th×:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cã gi¸ trÞ 10000

_x000D_

_x000D_
khi_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
ph¸p t¹i ®ã:

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
NÕu ®êng ®ång lîng c¾t ®êng ®ång phÝ_x000D_

_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_


_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_
t¹i:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

v×_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

nhÊt_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


P_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
møc thu nhËp
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_
lµ_x000D_
500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
khi_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
cho:
®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
dông:_x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
quyÒn lµ Q = 70 - P. _x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
cho:
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY._x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

thu cËn biªn lµ


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_


_x000D_
_x000D_
®i:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
1994 25000 1 4000_x000D_
1995 15000 3
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
169 _x000D_

Q. _x000D_
lµ

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

_x000D_

møc thu nhËp tr
t¹i:_x000D_

_x000D_
khi:_x000D_

®oµn _x000D_

dông:_x000D_
_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:

®Þnh._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_

_x000D_
mét thÞ trêng
biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
t¹i ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
tiªu_x000D_


Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
s¶n phÈm _x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_

_x000D_
®Õn:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_

§iÒu nµo díi ®©y kh«ng lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu ®èi víi
Cµ phª Trung Nguyªn:

biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

Q. _x000D_
lµ

_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:
_x000D_
_x000D_
do_x000D_
dô vÒ_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

®óng?_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
®©y?

_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
khi_x000D_
_x000D_
êng?_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_
Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ_x000D_

_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_


hiÕm?_x000D_
ph¶i:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_

dông_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
Trong dµi h¹n:_x000D_

_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
hiÕm?_x000D_


_x000D_
®©y sai:_x000D_
nhiªu_x000D_
v×:_x000D_
_x000D_


Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»

møc thu nhËp
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_


Hµng ho¸ X lµ hµng ho¸ th«ng thêng nÕu:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
§iÓm ®ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt cña h·ng c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o x¶y
ra ë ®iÓm _x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_


Q. _x000D_
lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
mét thÞ trêng
th×:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_

3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b
h·ng lµ:_x000D_



®Þnh._x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
®©y ®óng?
th×_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµm cho:_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_


_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
do_x000D_
khi_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 8 16_x000D_
2 6
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:
(DWL) lµ:_x000D_
®Þnh._x000D_
_x000D_

nÕu_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
Tõ n¨m 1960, sè lîng lao ®éng n÷ t¨ng ®¸ng kÓ. Dùa trªn
th«ng tin nµy chóng ta cã thÓ dù ®o¸n thÞ trêng dÞch vô
ch¨m sãc trÎ em sÏ:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_

_x000D_
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
d¬ng th×_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_
Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:

_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
mµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
ngang th×:_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5_x000D_
c©n b»ng sÏ lµ:
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cña hµng h
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
®óng?_x000D_


®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
d¬ng th×_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
khi_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
TC=Q*Q+Q+144_x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_

500 - Q_x000D_
_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_

nhiªu?_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
TU = 100.X .Y_x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
169 _x000D_
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
lµ_x000D_


500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
th×_x000D_
_x000D_
luËn:_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

®oµn _x000D_
dÉn ®Õn_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_
sang tr¸i?_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

VC:_x000D_
_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_
nhuËn?_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
quyÒn lµ _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_


_x000D_
quyÒn nªn_x000D_
_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
_x000D_
Q= 500 - P_x000D_
lµ:

®©y ®óng?
cho:_x000D_
lîn?
NÕu phÇn tr¨m gi¶m cña gi¸ hµng hãa A lµ lín dÉn ®Õn phÇn
tr¨m gi¶m trong lîng cung hµng hãa A lµ nhá th×:_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
t¹i ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ chØ ra çc kÕt hîp vèn vµ lao ®éng cã
thÓ ®îc mua_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
cña _x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
169 _x000D_

_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_

cËn biªn _x000D_
®ã_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
nµo?_x000D_

Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ chØ ra çc kÕt hîp vèn vµ lao ®éng cã
thÓ ®îc mua_x000D_
h·ng_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_
dông_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


sÏ:_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
(D): P=65 - 0,5Q_x000D_
(S): P=15 + 0,5Q_x000D_
nµy xÊp xØ b»

XY_x000D_
êi tiªu
møc thu nhËp
Q+ 169 _x000D_
TC=Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_

®Þnh._x000D_
_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
dïng ph¶i_x000D_
cho:_x000D_
th×_x000D_
mét thÞ trêng
_x000D_
th×:_x000D_

lµ:_x000D_


h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
khi:_x000D_
_x000D_
tÝnh chÊt_x000D_


Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
b»ng:_x000D_

P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

îng lµ:_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµm dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu ®èi víi Cµ phª
Trung Nguyªn:_x000D_
_x000D_
møc thu nhËp tr
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
b×nh _x000D_

®oµn _x000D_
dông:_x000D_
_x000D_
(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
-Q_x000D_

nªn:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
15 1_x000D_
12 2_x000D_
10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ:

500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
_x000D_

cËn biªn _x000D_

hiÕm?_x000D_

th×:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_
lµ_x000D_

céng_x000D_
_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q*Q + Q+ 169 _x000D_
nghiÖp lµ:_x000D_
Q= 50 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_


®óng?_x000D_
nÕu_x000D_
th×_x000D_
biÕt:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_
®oµn _x000D_
vµo_x000D_

tÝnh chÊt_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

Pd = 30 - 0,2Qd vµ Ps = 2 + 0,2Qs _x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

XY._x000D_

2)Y_x000D_
Tû lÖ thay thÕ b

P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ
lµ:_x000D_
h¬n?_x000D_

cËn biªn _x000D_
lµ_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_

lµ_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
cÇn _x000D_

_x000D_
_x000D_


Ps = 10 + Qs vµ Pd = 100 - Qd_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5 _x000D_
22 - P_x000D_
-Q_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_
3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
20 1_x000D_
10 2_x000D_
2
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

®ã:_x000D_

$5/h._x000D_
cËn biªn _x000D_
®ã_x000D_

_x000D_
viÖc:_x000D_
nÕu:_x000D_
cÇu th×:_x000D_

_x000D_
th×_x000D_
khi ®ã_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_


sau:_x000D_
D: P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 5 + 0,2Q_x000D_

P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
TU = 100.X. Y_x000D_

TU(X,Y) = (X-2)Y_x000D_
§Ó lîi Ých thu
Q+ 169 _x000D_


lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_



ThuÕ ®¸nh trªn ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm ®èi víi m¸y ¶nh kü thuËt
sè cña nhµ s¶n xuÊt sÏ lµm cho:_x000D_
_x000D_

_x000D_
®©y sai:_x000D_
vµo_x000D_
khi_x000D_

(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

cÇu _x000D_
Qd = 100- 5P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
theo thu nhËp sÏ
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
_x000D_
sÏ:_x000D_
_x000D_
cËn biªn lµ

_x000D_

®©y ®óng?

Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña mét h·ng lµ 110 triÖu ®ång. NÕu tæng
chi phÝ ®Ó s¶n xuÊt 1 s¶n phÈm lµ 250 triÖu ®ång vµ 2 s¶n
phÈm lµ 270 triÖu ®ång, chi phÝ cËn biªn cña s¶n phÈm thø
hai b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
b»ng víi_x000D_
_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
(D): P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
(S): P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_

D: P ($) = 18 - 0,1Q_x000D_
S: P ($) = 2 + 0,1Q_x000D_


3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_
_x000D_
10
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_
Q. _x000D_
lµ
Q= 50 - P_x000D_


lµ_x000D_

®óng:_x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_

_x000D_
b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
nhuËn?_x000D_

tiªu_x000D_
cùc:_x000D_


cÇu _x000D_
P = 20 - Q/5._x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
lµ;_x000D_

22 - P_x000D_

3000 ®ång vµ Py = 1000 ®ång _x000D_

Y_x000D_
1 12 15_x000D_
2 10
169 _x000D_
TC=0,2Q*Q+2Q+5_x000D_
®îc lµ:_x000D_

thu cËn biªn lµ
P= 50 - Q_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_
nhÊt_x000D_
®©y ®óng?
cËn biªn _x000D_
_x000D_
lµ:_x000D_
quyÒn_x000D_

_x000D_
vÒ_x000D_
_x000D_
cho nªn:_x000D_


P_x000D_

Q = P - 10 vµ Q = 100 - P_x000D_
P = 30 - 0,2Q vµ P = 2 + 0,2Q_x000D_
quan hÖ:_x000D_
_x000D_
nªn:_x000D_

XY._x000D_
_x000D_
10 1_x000D_
9 2_x000D_
8
Q+ 169 _x000D_
h·ng lµ:_x000D_
b»ng:_x000D_
_x000D_
P= 500 - Q_x000D_
lµ_x000D_

îng lµ:_x000D_
®ã:_x000D_

th×_x000D_
PA1 PA2 PA3
Võa ®ñ_x000D_ Bæ sung_x000D_ Cuèi cïng_x000D_
Thu nhËp lÏ ra cã thÓ

kiÕm ®îc nÕu kh«ng ®i
Häc phÝ_x000D_ Chi phÝ ¨n uèng_x000D_ häc_x000D_
B vµ C lµ hai hµng ho¸ bæ B vµ C lµ hai hµng ho¸ thay B vµ C lµ hai hµng ho¸
sung trong tiªu dïng thÕ trong tiªu dïng thay thÕ trong s¶n xuÊt
Sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng Sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng §êng cung dÞch chuyÓn
cung xuèng díi_x000D_ cung lªn trªn_x000D_ sang ph¶i_x000D_
Lam nghÜ cÇu vÒ ®Üa CD Lam nghÜ cÇu vÒ ®Üa

Lam nghÜ cÇu vÒ ®Üa CD co co gi·n theo gi¸ b»ng 1 vµ CD lµ co gi·n theo gi¸ vµ
gi·n theo gi¸ b»ng 0 vµ Long Long cho r»ng b»ng Long cho r»ng cÇu lµ
cho r»ng b»ng 1._x000D_ 0._x000D_ kh«ng co gi·n._x000D_
Tæng doanh thu kh«ng Lîng cÇu kh«ng Lîng cÇu gi¶m xuèng
®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ b»ng 0._x000D_
DÞch sang ph¶i nhng kh«ng DÞch sang ph¶i vµ dèc DÞch sang ph¶i vµ tho¶i
thay ®æi ®é dèc_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
Mai s½n sµng tr¶ gi¸ nh
Mai sÏ chØ mua mét trong 2 Mai sÏ mua 2 hµng ho¸ ®ã víi nhau cho 2 lo¹i hµng ho¸
hµng ho¸ ®ã sè lîng b»ng nhau ®ã
Khi ®êng s¶n phÈm trung

S¶n phÈm trung b×nh cao b×nh ®ang t¨ng, s¶n phÈm
nhÊt ®¹t ®îc khi s¶n phÈm cËn biªn thÊp h¬n s¶n phÈm §êng tæng s¶n phÈm tèi
trung b×nh lín h¬n s¶n phÈm trung b×nh_x000D_ ®a t¹i s¶n phÈm cËn biªn
cËn biªn_x000D_ _x000D_ tèi thiÓu_x000D_
Chi phÝ tèi thiÓu ®Ó s¶n xuÊt

mét sè lîng nhÊt ®Þnh ®Çu S¶n lîng tèi ®a ®¹t ®îc tõ
ra sö dông nh÷ng c«ng nghÖ Lîi nhuËn tèi ®a ®¹t ®îc tõ mçi sè lîng ®Çu vµo biÕn
kh¸c nhau mçi ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm b¸n ra ®æi ®îc sö dông
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh gi¶m Chi phÝ cËn biªn Tæng chi phÝ trung b×nh
xuèng_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
S¶n xuÊt mét lîng ®óng

§èi mÆt víi ®êng cÇu hoµn S¶n xuÊt mét lîng Ýt h¬n t¹i møc cã
toµn co gi·n_x000D_ møc øng víi ATCmin_x000D_ ATCmin_x000D_
Kh¶ n¨ng thay thÕ cho lao
Co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ trong Møc ®é sö dông lao ®éng ®éng cña çc yÕu tè ®Çu
dµi h¹n cña hµng hãa dÞch vô trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n vµo kh¸c trong qu¸ tr×nh
®Çu ra_x000D_ xuÊt_x000D_ s¶n xuÊt_x000D_
Møc thu nhËp cao h¬n cña ng CÇu vÒ ho¹t ®éng nghØ
êi lao ®éng ®Ó hä lµm viÖc Gi¸ hµng ho¸ tiªu dïng t¨ng ng¬i t¨ng lªn do tiÒn l¬ng
nhiÒu h¬n_x000D_ do tiÒn l¬ng t¨ng_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_
Thay ®æi tiÒn c«ng cho TÞch thu tµi s¶n cña ngêi
ThuÕ thu nhËp_x000D_ ®Òu nhau_x000D_ giµu_x000D_
TÊt c¶ mäi ç nh©n cã cïng l TÊt c¶ ç nh©n cã cïng

TÊt c¶ mäi ç nh©n ®Òu lÜnh îng tiÒn trong tµi diÖn tÝch ®Êt sö
tiÒn l¬ng nhnhau_x000D_ kho¶n_x000D_ dông_x000D_
ThiÕu hôt vµ sÏ lµm t¨ng Dthõa vµ sÏ lµm gi¶m Dthõa vµ sÏ lµm t¨ng
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
ThiÕu hôt 4_x000D_ Dthõa 4_x000D_ ThiÕu hôt 10_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
Pe = 20 vµ Qe = 60_x000D_ Pe = 18 vµ Qe = 70_x000D_ 70_x000D_
CS =36; PS = 42_x000D_ CS =18; PS = 42_x000D_ CS =18; PS = 84_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Exy=- 0,25_x000D_ Exy=- 0,35_x000D_ Exy=- 0,45_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
§ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt v× lç TiÕp tôc s¶n xuÊt víi Q = 9 TiÕp tôc s¶n xuÊt víi Q =
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
DWL = 130_x000D_ DWL = 140_x000D_ DWL = 150_x000D_
P = 10, Q = 60, lîi nhuËn = P = 60, Q = 10, lîi nhuËn = P = 10, Q = 60, lîi nhuËn
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_
80% vµ tæng doanh thu sÏ 8%, vµ tæng doanh thu sÏ 80%, vµ tæng doanh thu
t¨ng_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_ sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
Lµm t¨ng sè lîng tiªu dïng

trong níc ®èi víi hµng ho¸ Gi¸ hµng ho¸ ®ã ë trong níc Gi¸ hµng ho¸ ®ã ë trong n
®ã_x000D_ t¨ng lªn_x000D_ íc gi¶m xuèng_x000D_
Mua nhiÒu hµng hãa Y

Mua sè lîng hµng hãa X gÊp Mua sè lîng hµng hãa Y gÊp h¬n X, nhng kh«ng biÕt
®«i sè lîng hµng hãa ®«i sè lîng hµng hãa lµ nhiÒu h¬n bao
Y_x000D_ X_x000D_ nhiªu_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng cña Giang ThÆng dtiªu dïng cña Giang ThÆng dtiªu dïng cña
lín h¬n cña Nga b»ng cña Nga Nga lín h¬n cña Giang
Cho dï viÖc lµm chñ

doanh nghiÖp ®em l¹i
cho c« lîi nhuËn d¬ng th×
c« vÉn nªn b¸n l¹i h·ng
NÕu tû lÖ l·i suÊt lµ 20%, c« cña m×nh vµ tiÕp tôc lµm
sÏ thu lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ d c«ng viÖc tríc ®©y, nÕu
NÕu l·i suÊt lµ 10%, c« sÏ thu ¬ng_x000D_ tû lÖ l·i suÊt lµ
lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ 10%_x000D_
cung cña nh÷ng lao ®éng chi phÝ cËn biªn cña qu¸
nµy cµng lín_x000D_ cÇu cña nh÷ng lao ®éng tr×nh s¶n xuÊt cµng
_x000D_ nµy cµng lín_x000D_ lín_x000D_
Lîi nhuËn nhá h¬n lîi

Gi¸ kh«ng ®ñ bï ®¾p doanh Gi¸ kh«ng ®ñ bï ®¾p tæng nhuËn th«ng th
thu cËn biªn _x000D_ chi phÝ trung b×nh _x000D_ êng_x000D_
Tho¶i h¬n, hay lµ Ýt co gi·n Tho¶i h¬n, hay lµ co gi·n Dèc h¬n, hay lµ Ýt co gi·n
h¬n phÇn ®êng cÇu phÝa h¬n phÇn ®êng cÇu phÝa h¬n phÇn ®êng cÇu phÝa
trªn møc gi¸ hiÖn trªn møc gi¸ hiÖn trªn møc gi¸ hiÖn
hµnh_x000D_ hµnh_x000D_ hµnh_x000D_
Tuyªn bè cã thÓ ®¸nh gi¸

®óng hoÆc sai bëi çc
Tuyªn bè vÒ ®iÒu cÇn ph¶i Tuyªn bè vÒ ®ã lµ çi quan s¸t vµ çch x¸c
cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
VÉn cÇn thiÕt lùa chän trong

sè çc ph¬ng ¸n kh¸c TÊt c¶ çc hµng ho¸ sÏ lµ ThÞ trêng lµ kh«ng cÇn
nhau_x000D_ miÔn phÝ_x000D_ thiÕt_x000D_
Lµm cho ®êng cung ®èi

G©y ra cÇu t¨ng lµm cho gi¸ Lµm cho cÇu ®èi víi lóa g¹o víi lóa g¹o dÞch chuyÓn
lóa g¹o cao h¬n._x000D_ gi¶m xuèng._x000D_ sang bªn tr¸i._x000D_
VËn ®éng däc theo ®êng VËn ®éng däc theo ®êng §êng cung dÞch chuyÓn
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi trong
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi trong l Sù thay ®æi trong co gi·n lîng cÇu cña hµng hãa
îng cÇu cña hµng hãa nµy cña cÇu hµng hãa nµy chia nµy chia cho _x000D_
chia cho _x000D_ cho sù thay _x000D_ phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi
phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi trong gi¸ ®æi trong co gi·n cña cÇu trong gi¸ cña hµng hãa
hµng hãa kia._x000D_ hµng hãa kia._x000D_ ®ã._x000D_
Co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu nhËp

vÒ hµng hãa B lµ B lµ hµng hãa thiÕt B lµ hµng hãa cao
©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
§iÓm c¾t cña ®êng

ng©n s¸ch víi trôc tung
§é dèc vµ ®iÓm c¾t cña ® §é dèc vµ ®iÓm c¾t cña ® vµ trôc hoµnh thay ®æi
êng ng©n s¸ch víi trôc tung êng ng©n s¸ch víi trôc hoµnh nhng kh«ng thay ®æi ®é
thay ®æi_x000D_ thay ®æi_x000D_ dèc_x000D_

§é dèc cña mét ®êng th¼ng

tõ gèc täa ®é ®Õn mét
®iÓm trªn ®êng tæng s¶n §é dèc cña ®êng tæng s¶n §é dèc cña ®êng s¶n
phÈm_x000D_ phÈm_x000D_ phÈm cËn biªn_x000D_
Nhá h¬n tæng chi phÝ trung B»ng tæng chi phÝ trung B»ng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
b×nh b×nh trung b×nh
§ang thu lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ Nªn gi¶m s¶n lîng

§ang bÞ thua lç_x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_
Trong ®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn,

s¶n phÈm gi÷a çc h·ng cã
Ngµnh c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn chót Ýt sù kh¸c biÖt cßn C¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn cã
cã sè lîng h·ng Ýt h¬n ngµnh trong c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn rµo c¶n gia nhËp cßn ®éc
®éc quyÒn tËp ®oµn s¶n phÈm gi÷a çc h·ng lµ quyÒn tËp ®oµn th×
_x000D_ gièng hÖt nhau_x000D_ kh«ng_x000D_
SÏ t¨ng thu nhËp cña yÕu

SÏ t¨ng thu nhËp cña yÕu tè Gi¶m thu nhËp cña yÕu tè tè s¶n xuÊt ®ã nÕu co
s¶n xuÊt ®ã nÕu co gi·n cña s¶n xuÊt ®ã nÕu co gi·n cña gi·n cña cung nhá h¬n
cÇu nhá h¬n 1_x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1_x000D_ 1_x000D_
Doanh thu cËn biªn nh©n
s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña mét
yÕu tè lín h¬n chÝ phÝ cËn
biªn cña yÕu tè ®ã_x000D_ S¶n phÈm cËn biªn lín
Doanh thu cËn biªn b»ng s¶n _x000D_ h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn cña
phÈm cËn biªn_x000D_ _x000D_ yÕu tè ®ã_x000D_
Xe buýt c«ng céng_x000D_ Phßng tranh triÓn l·m mÊt

_x000D_ ViÖn b¶o tµng_x000D_ phÝ_x000D_
ViÖc thu hót çc doanh

nghiÖp níc ngoµi ®Çu tvµo ViÖc gia nhËp vµo Tæ
lÜnh vùc c«ng nghÖ cao lµm chøc th¬ng m¹i quèc tÕ
ChÝnh s¸ch h¹n chÕ xuÊt cho çc doanh nghiÖp néi (WTO) lµm cho çc doanh
khÈu cafe cña Brazil lµm cho ®Þa cña Trung quèc häc hái nghiÖp Viªt nam gÆp
gi¸ cafe ë Mü t¨ng vµ do ®ã ®îc nhiÒu kiÕn thøc vÒ c«ng ph¶i søc c¹nh tranh lín
lµm cho gi¸ chÌ ë Mü còng nghÖ vµ qu¶n lý._x000D_ h¬n._x000D_
t¨ng lªn
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_
CS = 1200 vµ PS = CS = 200 vµ PS = CS = 100 vµ PS =

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Exy=-0,25_x000D_ Exy=-0,77_x000D_ Exy=-0,67_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Ps = 0,2Q+2_x000D_ Ps = 0,2Q+4_x000D_ Ps = 0,4Q+2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi so víi tríc khi

®¸nh thuÕ._x000D_ P = 15, Q = 50. _x000D_ P = 14, Q = 60._x000D_
ngêi s¶n xuÊt tr¶ chi phÝ
chÝnh phñ tr¶ chi phÝ vµ chØ chÝnh phñ tr¶ chi phÝ vµ chØ vµ ngêi tiªu dïng ®îc
ngêi s¶n xuÊt ®îc lîi_x000D_ ngêi tiªu dïng ®îc lîi_x000D_ lîi_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi quyÕt ®Þnh

T¨ng X vµ gi¶m Y_x000D_ tiªu dïng hiÖn t¹i_x000D_ T¨ng Y vµ gi¶m X_x000D_
T¨ng sè lîng cam, gi¶m sè lîng T¨ng sè lîng cam, t¨ng sè lîng Gi¶m sè lîng cam, t¨ng sè
t¸o t¸o lîng t¸o
Hä cã thÓ cho thuª lao ®éng TiÒn l¬ng tr¶ cho ngêi lao
Kh«ng cßn lao ®éng dthõa t¹i nµy víi gi¸ kh«ng nhiÒu h¬n ®éng b»ng chi phÝ cËn
møc tiÒn c«ng trªn thÞ tr gi¸ hä tr¶ cho ngêi lao ®éng biªn cña qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
êng_x000D_ ®ã._x000D_ xuÊt._x000D_
Ýt lao ®éng lµm cho tiÒn l Ýt lao ®éng lµm cho s¶n Ýt lao ®éng lµm cho s¶n
¬ng gi¶m xuèng_x000D_ phÈm cËn biªn lao ®éng phÈm cËn biªn cña lao
_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_ ®éng gi¶m_x000D_
tæng doanh thu b»ng tæng tæng doanh thu b»ng tæng
chi phÝ cè ®Þnh vµ thua lç chi phÝ biÕn ®æi vµ thua lç
b»ng tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b»ng tæng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh tæng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_
T¨ng lîi nhuËn cña ngµnh

G©y thiÖt h¹i cho kh¸ch Ph¸ vì hiÖu qu¶ kü nÕu cÇu lµ kh«ng co
hµng_x000D_ thuËt_x000D_ gi·n_x000D_
Çc tµi nguyªn thiªn

nhiªn_x000D_ Tµi n¨ng kinh doanh_x000D_ ChÝnh phñ_x000D_
Sù thay ®æi c«ng TiÒn c«ng vµ thu Sù kh¸c biÖt thu nhËp cña
nghÖ_x000D_ nhËp_x000D_ quèc gia_x000D_
§êng cÇu X dÞch chuyÓn lªn §êng cung X dÞch chuyÓn lªn C¶ ®êng cung vµ cÇu X
trªn trªn ®Òu dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn
Ngêi s¶n xuÊt muèn b¸n Ngêi tiªu dïng muèn mua
ThÞt bß lµ hµng ho¸ th«ng th nhiÒu h¬n t¹i møc gi¸ hiÖn nhiÒu h¬n t¹i møc gi¸
êng_x000D_ t¹i_x000D_ hiÖn t¹i_x000D_
Kh«ng co gi·n theo thu Co gi·n theo thu

nhËp._x000D_ nhËp._x000D_ Co gi·n theo gi¸._x000D_
Thay ®æi tæng doanh thu Thay ®æi tæng doanh
Lîng cÇu hµng ho¸ X thay (TR) theo híng ngîc l¹i víi sù thu (TR) theo híng thay
®æi rÊt lín._x000D_ thay ®æi cña gi¸_x000D_ ®æi cña gi¸_x000D_
TËp hîp çc giá hµng hãa

mang l¹i cïng mét møc
S¾p xÕp çc giá hµng hãa ® §êng giíi h¹n kh¶ n¨ng tiªu tháa m·n cho ngêi tiªu
îc a thÝch_x000D_ dïng_x000D_ dïng_x000D_
Tû lÖ mµ mét ngêi tiªu

dïng s½n sµng tõ bá hµng
hãa Y ®Ó cã thªm hµng
hãa X trong khi vÉn thu ®
Gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña hµng hãa X Gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña hµng hãa Y îc sù tháa m·n nh
so víi hµng hãa Y_x000D_ so víi hµng hãa X_x000D_ cò_x000D_
T¨ng _x000D_ Gi¶m_x000D_ Nhá h¬n ATC_x000D_

H·ng liªn tôc s¶n xuÊt ë phÇn
H·ng liªn tôc s¶n xuÊt ë phÇn ®i xuèng cña ®êng tæng chi
®i lªn cña ®êng tæng chi phÝ phÝ trung b×nh ng¾n H·ng ®ang s¶n xuÊt díi
trung b×nh ng¾n h¹n_x000D_ h¹n_x000D_ møc c«ng suÊt_x000D_
Lîi nhuËn nhµ ®éc quyÒn

thu ®îc vît h¬n so víi lîi
Sù thay ®æi tæng doanh thu nhuËn cña mét h·ng trong
khi b¸n thªm mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n Gi¸ mµ nhµ ®éc quyÒn ®Æt ngµnh c¹nh tranh
phÈm _x000D_ cho s¶n phÈm _x000D_ _x000D_
Çc h·ng tèi ®a hãa doanh Lîng b¸n cña mét h·ng sÏ
Mçi h·ng ®èi diÖn víi mét ® sè b¸n_x000D_ cã ¶nh hëng ®¸ng kÓ
êng cÇu n»m ngang_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Õn h·ng kh¸c_x000D_
Hä cã thÓ b¸n ®îc nhiÒu s¶n Hä kh«ng cÇn thiÕt ph¶i

phÈm h¬n chØ khi tr¶ l¬ng tr¶ tiÒn l¬ng cao h¬n ®Ó
thÊp h¬n cho lao thuª nhiÒu lao
Hä ph¶i b¸n gi¸ thÊp ®Ó b¸n ®éng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_
®îc nhiÒu s¶n phÈm
C¶ 2 thÞ trêng hµng ho¸ vµ ChØ cÇn thÞ trêng hµng ho¸ ChØ cÇn thÞ trêng yÕu tè
yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt lµ c¹nh tranh lµ c¹nh tranh hoµn s¶n xuÊt lµ c¹nh tranh
hoµn h¶o_x000D_ h¶o_x000D_ hoµn h¶o_x000D_
C¶ thÆng dtiªu dïng vµ

ThÆng dtiªu dïng_x000D_ ThÆng ds¶n xuÊt_x000D_ thÆng ds¶n xuÊt_x000D_
§¸nh thuÕ vµo ho¹t ®éng

g©y ra ngo¹i øng tiªu cùc
ChÝnh phñ trî cÊp cho ho¹t Trî cÊp cho nh÷ng ngêi ph¶i b»ng ®óng chi phÝ ngo¹i
®éng g©y ra ngo¹i øng tiªu chÞu ngo¹i øng tiªu øng cËn biªn t¹i møc s¶n l
cùc_x000D_ cùc_x000D_ îng tèi u._x000D_
Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Dthõa 20_x000D_ Dthõa 30_x000D_ ThiÕu hôt 20_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 40_x000D_ Pe = 65 vµ Qe = 40_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸_x000D_ Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
12,5 giê_x000D_ 20 giê_x000D_ 50 giê_x000D_
Ps = 2Q+4_x000D_ Ps = 4Q+2_x000D_ Ps = 2Q+2_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P

L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_
Ngoµi çc yÕu tè kh¸c, ®êng

Ngêi tiªu dïng mua Ýt hµng cung ®èi víi hµng ho¸ cßn Gi¸ kh¸m bÖnh tnh©n
ho¸ h¬n khi gi¸ cña hµng phô thuéc vµo gi¸ cña yÕu tè hiÖn nay lµ qu¸
t¨ng, ceteris paribus._x000D_ ®Çu vµo._x000D_ cao._x000D_
kh«ng ph¶i ngêi s¶n xuÊt

phÇn lín thuÕ lµ ngêi tiªu dïng phÇn lín thuÕ lµ ngêi s¶n còng nhngêi tiªu dïng
chÞu_x000D_ xuÊt chÞu_x000D_ chÞu thuÕ_x000D_

T¨ng khi gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ Gi¶m khi gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ xa T¨ng khi thu nhËp
thiÕt yÕu t¨ng_x000D_ xØ gi¶m_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_
§êng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh §êng tæng chi phÝ b×nh §êng tæng chi phÝ b×nh
qu©n dÞch chuyÓn lªn qu©n dÞch chuyÓn lªn qu©n dÞch chuyÓn xuèng
trªn._x000D_ trªn_x000D_ díi_x000D_
Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng s¶n Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng s¶n Chi phÝ b×nh qu©n b»ng
phÈm cËn biªn._x000D_ phÈm doanh thu b×nh s¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn
_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_
_x000D_ t¨ng s¶n lîng _x000D_ thu hÑp s¶n lîng _x000D_
Nãi r»ng gi¸ sÏ kh«ng ®æi cho Cho biÕt møc gi¸ hiÖn hµnh Gi¶ ®Þnh r»ng doanh thu
dï cã sù dao ®éng cña ®îc x¸c ®Þnh nhthÕ nµo cËn biªn ®«i khi t¨ng cïng
cÇu_x000D_ _x000D_ víi s¶n lîng _x000D_
C¬ chÕ thÞ trêng_x000D_ Kinh tÕ vÜ m«_x000D_ Chi phÝ c¬ héi_x000D_
Çc chñ nhµ nªn ®îc tù do

TiÒn thuª nhµ thÊp sÏ h¹n chÕ L·i suÊt cao lµ kh«ng tèt ®èi ®Æt gi¸ tiÒn thuª
cung nhµ ë_x000D_ víi nÒn kinh tÕ_x000D_ nhµ_x000D_
C¶ A vµ B ®Òu t¨ng C¶ A vµ B ®Òu gi¶m A sÏ gi¶m vµ B sÏ t¨ng

Thay ®æi c«ng
Quy luËt cung_x000D_ Quy luËt cÇu_x000D_ nghÖ_x000D_
Tû sè phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi

Tû sè thay ®æi cña lîng cÇu cña lîng cÇu trªn phÇn tr¨m Tû sè thay ®æi cña gi¸
trªn sù thay ®æi cña gi¸ b»ng thay ®æi cña gi¸ b»ng trªn sù thay ®æi cña lîng
1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_

trªn sù thay ®æi cña gi¸ b»ng thay ®æi cña gi¸ lín h¬n trªn sù thay ®æi cña lîng
1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_

êng ng©n s¸ch víi trôc êng ng©n s¸ch víi trôc nhng kh«ng thay ®æi ®é
tung_x000D_ hoµnh_x000D_ dèc_x000D_
§êng bµng quan lµ mét ®êng

th¼ng cã ®é dèc §êng bµng quan cã d¹ng Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn
©m_x000D_ h×nh ch÷ L_x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_
S¶n phÈm trung b×nh ®¹t S¶n phÈm cËn biªn ®¹t cùc S¶n phÈm trung b×nh
cùc ®¹i_x000D_ ®¹i_x000D_ ®¹t cùc tiÓu_x000D_
Chi phÝ cËn biªn khi ®Çu
Chi phÝ trung b×nh khi ®Çu vµo vèn kh«ng
Chi phÝ cËn biªn khi ®Çu vµo vµo lao ®éng kh«ng ®æi_x000D_
lao ®éng kh«ng ®æi_x000D_ ®æi_x000D_ _x000D_
Nªn ë l¹i hay rêi bá NÕu quyÕt ®Þnh s¶n

ngµnh_x000D_ Nªn s¶n xuÊt hay ngõng s¶n xuÊt th× s¶n xuÊt bao
_x000D_ xuÊt t¹m thêi_x000D_ nhiªu_x000D_
Lîng b¸n cña mét h·ng sÏ

Mçi h·ng ®èi diÖn víi mét ® kh«ng cã ¶nh hëng ®¸ng
êng cÇu gÉy khóc_x000D_ Çc h·ng lµ nh÷ng ngêi tèi kÓ ®Õn çc h·ng
_x000D_ ®a hãa lîi nhuËn _x000D_ kh¸c_x000D_
Møc tiÒn l¬ng ph¶i tr¶ cho ng TiÒn l¬ng lao ®éng céng gi¸ Chi phÝ lao ®éng b×nh
êi lao ®éng_x000D_ trÞ cña nh÷ng phóc lîi qu©n ë mçi møc s¶n l
_x000D_ kh¸c_x000D_ îng_x000D_
¶nh hëng thu nhËp t¸c ®éng

cïng chiÒu víi ¶nh hëng thay ¶nh hëng thay thÕ lÊn ¸t ¶nh ¶nh hëng thu nhËp lÊn ¸t
thÕ_x000D_ hëng thu nhËp_x000D_ ¶nh hëng thay
_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Sù tù chñ cña ngêi s¶n

xuÊt_x000D_ Sù tù chñ cña ngêi tiªu ThÊt b¹i cña chÝnh
_x000D_ dïng_x000D_ phñ_x000D_
ChÝ phÝ x· héi cËn biªn cao
h¬n so víi chi phÝ tnh©n cËn Lîi Ých x· héi cËn biªn nhá Lîi Ých x· héi cËn biªn lín
biªn_x000D_ h¬n chi phÝ x· héi cËn h¬n lîi Ých tnh©n cËn
_x000D_ biªn_x000D_ biªn_x000D_
DcÇu 15 ®¬n vÞ_x000D_ Dcung 15 ®¬n vÞ_x000D_ DcÇu 20 ®¬n vÞ_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
DWL = 3_x000D_ DWL = 4_x000D_ DWL = 1,5_x000D_
DWL = 2562,46_x000D_ DWL = 2500,17_x000D_ DWL = 2300,17_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_

Sè lîng Ýt nhÊt çc th«ng tin

cÇn thiÕt ®Ó tr¶ lêi çc c©u
Cµng nhiÒu th«ng tin cµng hái ®Ò cËp trong m« Tr¶ lêi tÊt c¶ çc vÊn ®Ò
tèt_x000D_ h×nh_x000D_ kinh tÕ_x000D_
Lùa chän hoµn toµn_x000D_ Chi phÝ râ rµng_x000D_ Chi phÝ kÕ to¸n_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu cña ngêi tiªu dïng C«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt thay
CÇu hµng ho¸ thay ®æi thay ®æi ®æi
Gi¸ dÇu t¨ng lµm lîng cung

Gi¸ dÇu gi¶m lµm lîng cung vÒ dÇu gi¶m_x000D_ Cung dÇu t¨ng sÏ lµm gi¸
vÒ dÇu gi¶m_x000D_ _x000D_ dÇu gi¶m_x000D_
Gi¸ c©n b»ng gi¶m nhng Lîng c©n b»ng gi¶m vµ tæng C¶ gi¸ vµ lîng c©n b»ng
tæng chi tiªu vÒ níc cam chi tiªu vÒ níc cam còng vÒ níc cam ®Òu
t¨ng._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_
Sù dÔ dµng thay thÕ gi÷a çc Tû lÖ cña thu nhËp chi cho Kho¶ng thêi gian kÓ tõ
hµng hãa._x000D_ hµng hãa ®ang xÐt._x000D_ khi gi¸ thay ®æi._x000D_
DÞch chuyÓn sang ph¶i

vµ song song víi ®êng
DÞch chuyÓn sang tr¸i vµ ng©n s¸ch ban
Dèc h¬n_x000D_ dèc h¬n_x000D_ ®Çu_x000D_

Khi mét h·ng sö dông ngµy

cµng nhiÒu mét ®Çu vµo
biÕn ®æi, víi lîng çc ®Çu Khi mét h·ng sö dông
vµo cè ®Þnh cho tríc, s¶n Khi mét h·ng sö dông ngµy ngµy cµng nhiÒu mét
phÈm cËn biªn cña ®Çu vµo cµng nhiÒu mét ®Çu vµo ®Çu vµo cè ®Þnh, víi lîng
biÕn ®æi cuèi cïng sÏ gi¶m biÕn ®æi, víi lîng çc ®Çu çc ®Çu vµo biÕn ®æi
xuèng_x000D_ vµo cè ®Þnh cho tríc, s¶n cho tríc, s¶n phÈm cËn
_x000D_ phÈm trung b×nh cña ®Çu biªn cña ®Çu vµo biÕn
_x000D_ vµo biÕn ®æi cuèi cïng sÏ ®æi cuèi cïng sÏ gi¶m
gi¶m xuèng xuèng
Sè thu Chi phÝ Lîi nhuËn

ThÆng dtiªu dïng sÏ lín ThÆng ds¶n xuÊt sÏ lín S¶n lîng gÇn b»ng s¶n l
nhÊt_x000D_ nhÊt_x000D_ îng c¹nh tranh_x000D_
CÇn thiÕt ph¶i b¸n s¶n

S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao phÈm víi gi¸ thÊp h¬n ®Ó
®éng gi¶m dÇn_x000D_ S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao b¸n ®îc nhiÒu s¶n phÈm
®éng t¨ng dÇn h¬n.

Gi¸ trÞ cña çc ho¹t ®éng phi ®éng cña çc nh©n tè
kinh tÕ mµ lao ®éng cã thÓ kh¸c trong s¶n
C«ng nghÖ_x000D_ theo ®uæi_x000D_ xuÊt_x000D_
Céng çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn Céng çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn Céng çc ®êng lîi Ých cËn
biªn ç nh©n theo chiÒu biªn ç nh©n theo chiÒu biªn ç nh©n theo chiÒu
ngang_x000D_ däc_x000D_ ngang_x000D_
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
§é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ §é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ §é co gi·n cña cÇu theo
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

0 2 26
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_


Lîi Ých cËn biªn cña B sÏ t¨ng

lªn_x000D_ Lîi Ých cËn biªn trªn mét $ Tæng lîi Ých sÏ cao
_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
ThÆng dtiªu dïng kh«ng

ThÆng dtiªu dïng gi¶m ThÆng dtiªu dïng t¨ng ®æi
chi phÝ trung b×nh dµi
h¹n t¨ng víi cïng tèc ®é
tæng s¶n phÈm kh«ng chi phÝ trung b×nh dµi h¹n t¨ng cña ®Çu
dæi_x000D_ kh«ng ®æi _x000D_ vµo_x000D_
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh gi¶m Chi phÝ cËn biªn CÇu thÞ trêng
xuèng_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_
S¶n xuÊt lu«n ®îc thùc

TÊt c¶ çc h·ng sÏ thu lîi Gi¸ sÏ thÊp h¬n trong c¹nh hiÖn t¹i chi phÝ trung
nhuËn kinh tÕ d¬ng _x000D_ tranh hoµn h¶o _x000D_ b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_

cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_

Sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®

CÇu vÒ hµng ho¸ Sù vËn ®éng däc theo ®êng êng cÇu xuèng d
gi¶m_x000D_ cung lªn trªn_x000D_ íi_x000D_
B»ng 0._x000D_ Lín h¬n 0 nhng nhá h¬n
_x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_
Co gi·n nhiÒu._x000D_ Co gi·n ®¬n vÞ._x000D_ Co d·n Ýt._x000D_

15 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_ 20 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_ 30 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
AVC = FC_x000D_ MC = AVC_x000D_ MC = ATC_x000D_
Chi phÝ cña viÖc s¶n xuÊt

thªm mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n S¶n phÈm bæ sung ®îc t¹o Chi phÝ cÇn thiÕt ®Ó
phÈm_x000D_ ra tõ viÖc thuª thªm mét thuª thªm mét ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_ ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vµo_x000D_ ®Çu vµo_x000D_
Kh«ng cã rµo c¶n ®èi víi sù

gia nhËp cña çc h·ng ®èi ChØ cã mét h·ng duy Cã nhiÒu s¶n phÈm thay
thñ_x000D_ nhÊt_x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Çc h·ng chän s¶n lîng ë møc Çc h·ng lµ nh÷ng ngêi
Ngµnh gåm rÊt nhiÒu chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng doanh tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn
h·ng_x000D_ thu cËn biªn _x000D_ _x000D_

NhiÒu lao ®éng h¬n lµm

Ýt lao ®éng h¬n lµm cho s¶n Ýt lao ®éng h¬n lµm cho s¶n cho s¶n phÈm cËn biªn
phÈm cËn biªn lao ®éng phÈm cËn biªn cña lao ®éng cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_

Dthõa 60_x000D_ ThiÕu hôt 50_x000D_ Dthõa 50_x000D_
Pe= 5 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ Pe= 10 vµ Qe = 50_x000D_ Pe= 8 vµ Qe = 60_x000D_

Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
1250 625 700
+ 0,5_x000D_ - 0,5_x000D_ +2,0_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
0 2 26
Ps = 2Q + 1_x000D_ Ps = 2Q + 2_x000D_ Ps = Q + 1_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_

500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_
§êng cung cã ®é dèc lín h¬n §êng cung cã ®é dèc lín h¬n
sÏ co gi·n ®èi víi gi¸ sÏ Ýt co gi·n ®èi víi gi¸ §é co gi·n cña cung theo
h¬n._x000D_ h¬n_x000D_ gi¸ ®Òu b»ng 1_x000D_
Hoa sÏ kh«ng lùa chän kÕt
Hoa vÉn sÏ chän kÕt hîp hµng hîp hµng hãa nhban
hãa nhban ®Çu_x000D_ ®Çu_x000D_ Hoa sÏ cã lîi h¬n_x000D_
nÕu ®êng ng©n s¸ch

cµng dèc th× hµng hãa
nÕu ®êng ng©n s¸ch cµng nÕu ®êng ng©n s¸ch cµng trªn trôc tung cµng ®¾t
dèc th× hµng hãa trªn trôc dèc th× hµng hãa trªn trôc h¬n_x000D_
hoµnh cµng ®¾t h¬n_x000D_ hoµnh cµng rÎ h¬n_x000D_ _x000D_
B¸n hµng ho¸ cña m×nh ë
B¸n hµng ho¸ cña m×nh ë møc gi¸ thÊp h¬n, b¸n sè l B¸n hµng ho¸ cña m×nh ë
møc gi¸ thÊp h¬n, b¸n sè lîng îng lín h¬n, vµ thu lîi nhuËn møc gi¸ nhcò, b¸n sè lîng
lín h¬n, vµ thu lîi nhuËn lín nhá h¬n tríc ®©y_x000D_ lín h¬n, vµ thu lîi nhuËn
h¬n tríc ®©y_x000D_ _x000D_ lín h¬n tríc ®©y_x000D_

cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
Kinh tÕ thùc
Kinh tÕ vÜ m«_x000D_ Kinh tÕ vi m«_x000D_ chøng_x000D_
C«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt ra

L¬ng c«ng nh©n s¶n xuÊt Gi¸ m¸y mãc s¶n xuÊt ra hµng ho¸ X ®îc c¶i
hµng ho¸ X gi¶m_x000D_ hµng ho¸ X t¨ng_x000D_ tiÕn_x000D_
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_ N»m gi÷a 0 vµ 1._x000D_ D¬ng._x000D_
N»m gi÷a 0 vµ v«
B»ng - 0,5_x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_ cïng._x000D_
§êng giíi h¹n kh¶ n¨ng s¶n

Ph¬ng tr×nh ng©n xuÊt_x000D_
BÒ mÆt ng©n s¸ch_x000D_ s¸ch_x000D_ _x000D_
Mçi ®iÓm trªn ®êng bµng Mçi ®iÓm trªn ®êng ng©n TÊt c¶ çc ®iÓm trªn ®
quan lµ mét kÕt hîp kh¸c s¸ch lµ mét kÕt hîp kh¸c êng bµng quan cã cïng
nhau cña hai hµng nhau cña hai hµng ®é tháa dông nh
hãa._x000D_ hãa._x000D_ nhau._x000D_
B»ng ATC B»ng AFC B»ng FC
B»ng AVC B»ng AFC B»ng FC
Lín h¬n chi phÝ cè ®Þnh

Lín h¬n chi phÝ biÕn ®æi Nhá h¬n chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung b×nh tèi
trung b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_ trung b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_ thiÓu_x000D_
Çc h·ng t¬ng ®èi lín so

Ngµnh gåm mét sè lîng lín çc Kh«ng cã rµo c¶n gia nhËp víi quy m« cña thÞ trêng
h·ng_x000D_ ngµnh_x000D_ _x000D_
T¨ng tiÒn l¬ng_x000D_ Gi¶m tiÒn l¬ng_x000D_
Thuª thªm lao ®éng

ChÝnh phñ hiÖu qña h¬n t

nh©n trong viÖc cung cÊp VÊn ®Ò kÎ ¨n kh«ng xuÊt Mäi ngêi kh«ng ®¸nh gi¸
hµng hãa ®ã_x000D_ hiÖn_x000D_ cao hµng hãa nµy_x000D_
Kh«ng khuyÕn khÝch §¸nh thuÕ ®Ó lµm gi¶m ¶nh CÇn khuyÕn khÝch lo¹i
nã_x000D_ hëng cña nã_x000D_ ngo¹i øng nµy_x000D_
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Thay thÕ_x000D_ Bæ sung_x000D_ §éc lËp_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_
NÕu tæng doanh thu tõ viÖc NÕu tæng doanh thu tõ

NÕu tæng doanh thu tõ viÖc b¸n A t¨ng, cÇu vÒ A lµ co viÖc b¸n A gi¶m, cÇu vÒ
b¸n A t¨ng, cÇu vÒ A lµ co gi·n_x000D_ A lµ co gi·n_x000D_
gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


chi phÝ cËn biªn ®ang chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung b×nh s¶n phÈm trung b×nh
t¨ng_x000D_ ®ang gi¶m_x000D_ ®ang gi¶m_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_
Kh«ng cung cÊp cho ngêi tiªu

dïng nh÷ng th«ng tin h÷u Lµm t¨ng chi phÝ cËn biªn Lµ phi hiÖu qu¶ ph©n
Ých_x000D_ cña s¶n xuÊt _x000D_ bæ_x000D_
Tµi n¨ng kinh

C«ng b»ng_x000D_ HiÖu qu¶_x000D_ doanh_x000D_

Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ cho ThÞ hiÕu ®èi víi thÞt lîn
thÞt lîn t¨ng lªn Gi¸ thÞt lîn gi¶m xuèng thay ®æi
VËn ®éng däc theo ®êng

§êng cÇu ng« dÞch chuyÓn §êng cÇu ng« dÞch chuyÓn cÇu ng« lªn phÝa
sang bªn tr¸i_x000D_ sang bªn ph¶i_x000D_ trªn_x000D_
A vµ B lµ 2 hµng hãa thay A vµ B lµ 2 hµng hãa bæ Co gi·n chÐo gi÷a A vµ B

thÕ._x000D_ sung._x000D_ lµ ©m._x000D_

©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
§êng ng©n s¸ch cña

hä_x000D_ Së thÝch cña hä_x000D_
C«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt
Nguyªn t¾c tû lÖ thay thÕ Nguyªn t¾c tû lÖ thay

LuËt cÇu_x000D_ cËn biªn gi¶m dÇn_x000D_ thÕ gi¶m dÇn_x000D_
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung b×nh

Chi phÝ c¬ héi gi¶m gi¶m xuèng khi s¶n lîng Chi phÝ cËn biªn t¨ng
dÇn_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_ lªn_x000D_
Chi phÝ kinh tÕ l¬n h¬n chi Chi phÝ kinh tÕ nhá h¬n
phÝ tÝnh to¸n vµ lîi nhuËn chi phÝ tÝnh to¸n vµ lîi
Chi phÝ kinh tÕ lín h¬n chi kinh tÕ lín h¬n lîi nhuËn tÝnh nhuËn kinh tÕ nhá h¬n lîi
phÝ tÝnh to¸n_x000D_ to¸n_x000D_ nhuËn tÝnh to¸n_x000D_
ViÖc s¶n xuÊt mét s¶n phÈm

chÊt lîng cao mµ rÊt Ýt ngêi
mua cã thÓ cìng l¹i ® Kh¶ n¨ng ®¹t ®îc chØ tiªu
îc_x000D_ Kh¶ n¨ng ®Æt gi¸_x000D_ s¶n xuÊt _x000D_
Kh«ng cã mèi quan hÖ mét §êng cÇu cña ngµnh lµ ®

-mét duy nhÊt gi÷a gi¸ vµ lîng Víi bÊt kú møc s¶n lîng nµo êng cÇu cña nhµ ®éc
b¸n_x000D_ lín h¬n 1, MR=AR_x000D_ quyÒn _x000D_
H·ng thuª thªm lao

T¨ng møc tiÒn l¬ng_x000D_ Gi¶m møc tiÒn l¬ng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_
ChÞu sù ¶nh hëng cña quy Ph¸t sinh sau vµ phô

luËt n¨ng suÊt cËn biªn gi¶m Do ç nh©n ngêi lao ®éng thuéc vµo cÇu vÒ hµng
dÇn_x000D_ quyÕt ®Þnh_x000D_ ho¸ dÞch vô_x000D_
CÊm kh«ng cho nh÷ng ç
nh©n kh«ng tr¶ tiÒn tiªu Trî cÊp cho çc ç nh©n
Tù ®øng ra s¶n xuÊt hµng dïng hµng ho¸ c«ng s¶n xuÊt hµng ho¸ c«ng
ho¸ c«ng céng_x000D_ céng_x000D_ céng_x000D_
P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
NÕu rîu vang cã cÇu lµ co Do cÇu vÒ rîu vang gi¶m

gi·n th× çc nhµ s¶n xuÊt m¹nh t¹o ra gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng
Cung vÒ rîu vang sÏ t¨ng lªn vang sÏ khÊm kh¸ c©n b»ng cao
do gi¸ t¨ng_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
t¨ng vµo kho¶ng gi÷a 7 vµ t¨ng vµo kho¶ng gi÷a 0

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_
t¨ng cho ®Õn khi lîi Ých cËn

biªn cña X t¨ng gÊp gi¶m cho ®Õn khi lîi Ých
®«i_x000D_ gi¶m mét nöa so víi møc tiªu cËn biªn cña X t¨ng gÊp
_x000D_ dïng tríc ®©y_x000D_ ®«i_x000D_
S¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn

S¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn biªn S¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn biªn thÊp vµ cung
cao vµ cung thÊp_x000D_ biªn cao vµ cung cao_x000D_ thÊp_x000D_

Tån t¹i v× nhu cÇu con ng

ChØ tån t¹i trong nÒn kinh tÕ êi kh«ng thÓ ®îc tho¶
dùa vµo c¬ chÕ hçn Cã thÓ lo¹i trõ nÕu chóng ta m·n víi çc nguån lùc hiÖn
hîp_x000D_ ®Æt gi¸ thÊp xuèng_x000D_ cã_x000D_
Yªu cÇu chóng ta ph¶i ®a ra Kh«ng thÓ ®¸p øng tÊt c¶
Lîi nhuËn cao_x000D_ sù lùa chän_x000D_ çc nhu cÇu_x000D_
Thu nhËp cña ngêi tiªu

Gi¸ cña hµng ho¸ ®ã ThÞ hiÕu cña ngêi tiªu dïng dïng
Lîng c©n b»ng b»ng lîng b¸n Lîng cÇu b»ng lîng cung
ra_x000D_ Lîng cÇu cã thÓ kh¸c lîng t¹i møc gi¸ hiÖn
_x000D_ c©n b»ng_x000D_ hµnh_x000D_
Kh«ng co gi·n theo Co gi·n theo thu nhËp

Co gi·n theo gi¸._x000D_ gi¸._x000D_ ©m. _x000D_
B»ng 0._x000D_ N»m gi÷a 0 vµ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_

Tæng chi phÝ b×nh qu©n

cña 11 ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm
Tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi cña Chi phÝ biªn cña ®¬n vÞ s¶n lµ 11 ®¬n vÞ tiÒn
11 ®¬n vÞ s¶n phÈm lµ 121 phÈm thø 10 nhá h¬n 21 tÖ_x000D_
®¬n vÞ tiÒn tÖ_x000D_ ®¬n vÞ tiÒn tÖ_x000D_ _x000D_
§êng s¶n phÈm cËn biªn §êng tæng chi phÝ cµng
Møc s¶n lîng cµng cao cµng thÊp cao
Ngêi b¸n vµ ngêi mua cã

Cã nh÷ng c¶n trë ®¸ng kÓ th«ng tin hoµn h¶o vÒ gi¸
®èi víi viÖc gia nhËp cña s¶n phÈm trªn thÞ tr
Cã v« sè ngêi b¸n_x000D_ ngµnh_x000D_ êng_x000D_
S¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn Chi phÝ cËn biªn cña yÕu
TiÒn l¬ng víi s¶n phÈm cËn biªn víi chi phÝ cËn biªn cña tè víi gi¸ b¸n s¶n
biªn cña lao ®éng_x000D_ lao ®éng._x000D_ phÈm_x000D_


Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_


chi phÝ cËn biªn ®ang chi phÝ trung b×nh ®ang hiÖu suÊt gi¶m dÇn
t¨ng_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_ kh«ng tån t¹i_x000D_

Xem xÐt tÝnh thùc tÕ cña çc

gi¶ ®Þnh cña m« So s¸nh çc dù ®o¸n cña m« So s¸nh sù m« t¶ cña m«
h×nh_x000D_ h×nh víi thùc tÕ_x000D_ h×nh víi thùc tÕ_x000D_


Gi¸ cao h¬n gi¸ c©n Gi¸ thÊp h¬n gi¸ c©n Kh«ng ®ñ ngêi s¶n
b»ng_x000D_ b»ng_x000D_ xuÊt_x000D_
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi lín trong PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi nhá
thu nhËp sÏ dÉn ®Õn phÇn trong thu nhËp sÏ dÉn ®Õn Mét sù t¨ng lªn trong thu
tr¨m_x000D_ phÇn tr¨m _x000D_ nhËp sÏ dÉn ®Õn mét sù
thay ®æi nhá trong lîng thay ®æi lín trong lîng gi¶m xuèng _x000D_
cÇu._x000D_ cÇu._x000D_ trong lîng cÇu._x000D_
CÇu hoµn toµn co

CÇu co gi·n._x000D_ CÇu Ýt co gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_
B¶n ®å ®êng bµng quan

bao gåm mét lo¹t çc ®êng Çc ®êng bµng quan cã
Çc ®êng bµng quan cã ®é bµng quan kh«ng c¾t d¹ng h×nh vßng
dèc ©m_x000D_ nhau_x000D_ cung_x000D_
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh t¨ng Gi¸ ®Çu vµo biÕn ®æi Gi¸ s¶n phÈm ®Çu ra
lªn_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_
Tèi ®a hãa chi phÝ trong khi

Tèi ®a hãa doanh tèi thiÓu hãa doanh Tèi ®a hãa lîi
thu_x000D_ thu_x000D_ nhuËn_x000D_
B¸n hµng ho¸ cña m×nh ë B¸n hµng ho¸ cña m×nh ë B¸n hµng ho¸ cña m×nh ë
møc gi¸ thÊp h¬n, b¸n sè lîng møc gi¸ thÊp h¬n, b¸n sè l møc gi¸ nhcò, b¸n sè lîng
lín h¬n._x000D_ îng nhá h¬n_x000D_ lín h¬n._x000D_
Sù kh¸c biÖt s¶n phÈm ThiÕu çc rµo c¶n gia

_x000D_ nhËp_x000D_ C«ng suÊt thõa_x000D_
Møc ®é sö dông lao ®éng

Co gi·n cña cung theo gi¸ Cung lao ®éng_x000D_ trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
trong ng¾n h¹n cña hµng hãa _x000D_ xuÊt_x000D_
dÞch vô ®Çu ra
TÊt c¶ nh÷ng ngêi tríc ®©y Mét sè ngêi lao ®éng ®îc
Lµm gi¶m thÊt cã viÖc lµm sÏ ®îc tr¶ l¬ng lîi vµ mét sè ngêi bÞ
nghiÖp_x000D_ cao h¬n_x000D_ thiÖt_x000D_
T¨ng gi¸ vµ s¶n lîng cña nhµ

®éc quyÒn_x000D_ Gi¶m gi¸ vµ gi¶m s¶n lîng T¨ng lîi nhuËn cho nhµ
_x000D_ cña nhµ ®éc quyÒn_x000D_ ®éc quyÒn_x000D_

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_

0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
T¨ng gi¸
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2

P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
Gi¸o viªn cÇn ph¶i ®îc tr¶ l

N©ng cao møc l¬ng tèi thiÓu ¬ng cao v× hä rÊt quan Çc vËn ®éng viªn chuyªn
sÏ dÉn ®Õn thÊt träng ®èi víi t¬ng lai cña nghiÖp ®îc tr¶ l¬ng qu¸
nghiÖp._x000D_ con b¹n._x000D_ cao._x000D_
ngêi tiªu dïng kh«ng dÔ dµng ngêi s¶n xuÊt dÔ dµng chÝnh phñ b¾t buéc çc
chuyÓn sang thÞ trêng chuyÓn sang b¸n ë thÞ trêng nhµ s¶n xuÊt ph¶i chÞu
kh¸c_x000D_ kh¸c_x000D_ thuÕ_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_
Nh÷ng kÕt hîp hµng ho¸

Nh÷ng kÕt hîp hµng ho¸ mµ Nh÷ng kÕt hîp hµng ho¸ cã kh¶ thi vµ hiÖu qu¶ cña
nÒn kinh tÕ mong thÓ s¶n xuÊt cña nÒn kinh nÒn kinh tÕ_x000D_
muèn_x000D_ tÕ_x000D_ _x000D_
C¶ ®êng cung vµ cÇu

§êng cÇu dÞch chuyÓn lªn §êng cung dÞch chuyÓn lªn ®Òu dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn._x000D_ trªn._x000D_ trªn._x000D_
Cung v¶i polyester Cung v¶i cotton Cung ¸o s¬ mi

B»ng v« cïng_x000D_ N»m gi÷a 0 vµ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_
Hµng ho¸ thiÕt

Hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp._x000D_ Hµng ho¸ xa xØ._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_
Thu nhËp chi cho çc giá

Sè lîng 2 hµng hãa lµ b»ng Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn cña hµng hãa ®ã lµ b»ng
nhau_x000D_ chóng lµ b»ng nhau_x000D_ nhau_x000D_


Tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn t¹i

Lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ b»ng kh«ng møc s¶n lîng cã
S¶n phÈm ®ång nhÊt_x000D_ trong dµi h¹n_x000D_ MR=MC_x000D_
Møc tiÒn l¬ng t¨ng v×
H·ng gi¶m khèi lîng ®Çu vËy h·ng cã thÓ thu hót
vµo_x000D_ nhiÒu lao ®éng_x000D_
Cung lao ®éng t¨ng
§êng cÇu lao ®éng dÞch TiÒn l¬ng cña nh÷ng lao
N¨ng suÊt lao ®éng t¨ng chuyÓn sang bªn ®éng ®îc ®µo t¹o t¨ng
lªn_x000D_ ph¶i_x000D_ lªn_x000D_

§Èy nhanh qu¸ tr×nh chuyÓn Lµm cho thÞ trêng ®èi víi
Lµm gi¶m ®éng c¬ s¸ng giao c«ng nghÖ, kiÕn çc lo¹i s¶n phÈm nµy
t¹o_x000D_ thøc_x000D_ n¨ng ®éng h¬n_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
Thay thÕ._x000D_ Bæ sung._x000D_ §éc lËp._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_
Sè lîng hµng hãa HiÕu tiªu
dïng sÏ nhiÒu h¬n gÊp 10 lÇn HiÕu cã ®îc sù tháa m·n
so víi sè lîng hµng hãa Qu©n b»ng 10 lÇn so víi C¶ hai sÏ mua cïng sè lîng
tiªu dïng_x000D_ Qu©n_x000D_ hµng hãa_x000D_
nhá h¬n tæng chi phÝ trung b»ng tæng chi phÝ trung b»ng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
b×nh _x000D_ b×nh _x000D_ trung b×nh _x000D_


Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn tèi ®a

hãa lîi nhuËn sÏ t¨ng s¶n lîng CÇu Ýt co gi·n ë møc s¶n l
Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_
Kinh tÕ thùc
B¸n lóa tõ quü dù tr÷ quèc Trî cÊp gi¸ ph©n bãn cho
gia n«ng d©n T¨ng diÖn tÝch trång lóa
Gi¸ ng« t¨ng sÏ lµm gi¶m lîng Thu nhËp t¨ng sÏ lµm gi¶m Thu nhËp t¨ng sÏ lµm t¨ng
cÇu ng«_x000D_ cÇu vÒ ng«_x000D_ cÇu vÒ ng«_x000D_

Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_ B»ng 0._x000D_ N»m gi÷a 0 vµ 1._x000D_
§é dèc cña ®êng bµng quan §é dèc cña ®êng bµng quan §é dèc cña ®êng ng©n
kh¸c ®é dèc cña ®êng ng©n lín h¬n ®é dèc cña ®êng s¸ch lín h¬n ®é dèc cña
s¸ch_x000D_ ng©n s¸ch_x000D_ ®êng bµng quan_x000D_
ATC gi¶m xuèng_x000D_ AFC t¨ng lªn_x000D_ AVC gi¶m xuèng_x000D_

Tæng doanh thu b»ng tæng Lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ d Mét h·ng chÞu thua
chi phÝ biÕn ®æi _x000D_ ¬ng_x000D_ lç_x000D_

DÉn tíi chi phÝ trung b×nh G©y thiÖt h¹i cho kh¸ch nÕu cÇu lµ kh«ng co
cao h¬n_x000D_ hµng_x000D_ gi·n_x000D_

Cã ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn

Cã ®êng chi phÝ trung b×nh Cã ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn thÊp h¬n ®êng chi phÝ
h×nh ch÷ U_x000D_ h×nh ch÷ U_x000D_ b×nh qu©n_x000D_

8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P

6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3




chi phÝ cè ®Þnh t¨ng c«ng nghÖ hiÖn ®¹i gi¸ cña ®Çu vµo biÕn
lªn_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_ ®æi gi¶m_x000D_



cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
Tèi u ho¸_x000D_ Chi phÝ c¬ héi_x000D_ Lùa chän_x000D_
Céng tÊt c¶ ®êng cÇu ç Céng tÊt c¶ ®êng cÇu ç Céng lîng mua cña çc ng
nh©n theo chiÒu ngang nh©n theo chiÒu däc êi mua lín
Gi¸ hµng ho¸ liªn Gi¸ cña b¶n th©n hµng
Thu nhËp_x000D_ quan_x000D_ ho¸_x000D_


©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_


ATCmin_x000D_ AVCmin_x000D_ VC t¨ng_x000D_
100$ 110$ 200$

Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph¶i gi¶m Nhµ ®éc quyÒn sÏ lµ mét
Ngêi s¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm thay gi¸ ®Ó b¸n thªm s¶n phÈm tËp ®oµn lín h¬n víi chi
thÕ duy tr× gi¸ thÊp_x000D_ trong bÊt kú giai ®o¹n phÝ cè ®Þnh cao
_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

TiÒn l¬ng cña lao ®éng

Mét sù t¨ng lªn cña s¶n mµ h·ng sö dông t¨ng do
phÈm doanh thu cËn h·ng thuª Ýt lao ®éng
H·ng thuª nhiÒu h¬n çc yÕu biªn_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
tè ®Çu vµo

ChÊt lîng thÊp cña hµng ho¸ Sù gia t¨ng cña chi phÝ sinh
s¶n xuÊt hµng lo¹t._x000D_ ho¹t._x000D_ ThÊt nghiÖp ._x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_




_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_



Cung vÒ ng«
CÇu vÒ ng« gi¶m_x000D_ CÇu vÒ ng« t¨ng_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi lín trong PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi nhá Mét sù t¨ng lªn trong thu
thu nhËp sÏ dÉn ®Õn phÇn trong thu nhËp sÏ dÉn ®Õn nhËp sÏ dÉn ®Õn mét sù
tr¨m thay ®æi nhá trong lîng phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi lín trong gi¶m xuèng trong lîng
cÇu._x000D_ lîng cÇu._x000D_ cÇu._x000D_

©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_

1/5 5/1 1/1
10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_
Sù gia t¨ng lîng vèn cÇn thiÕt Sù gia t¨ng lîng vèn cÇn Lîng vèn gi¶m ®i trªn mét
trªn 1 ®¬n vÞ lao ®éng t¨ng thiÕt trªn 1 ®¬n vÞ lao ®¬n vÞ lao ®éng gia
lªn nh»m gi÷ s¶n lîng kh«ng ®éng t¨ng lªn ®Ó t¨ng s¶n l t¨ng ®Ó gi÷ s¶n lîng
®æi îng lªn 1 ®¬n vÞ kh«ng ®æi
Doanh thu cËn biªn lín h¬n

Doanh thu cËn biªn lín h¬n tæng chi phÝ b×nh
chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh qu©n_x000D_ Tæng chi phÝ b×nh
qu©n_x000D_ _x000D_ qu©n lín h¬n chi phÝ cËn
biªn
Cã ®êng doanh thu cËn biªn
còng lµ ®êng doanh thu SÏ tèi ®a hãa doanh thu §¶m b¶o thu ®îc lîi nhuËn
trung b×nh _x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_
Gi¸ hµng hãa dÞch vô

TiÒn l¬ng lao ®éng Chi phÝ c¬ héi cña lao ®éng ®Çu ra.

trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n Kh¶ n¨ng thay thÕ cña
xuÊt_x000D_ §é dèc ®êng s¶n phÈm cËn vèn cho lao ®éng_x000D_
biªn lao ®éng.
ThÊt b¹i cña chÝnh Sù tù chñ cña nhµ s¶n

ThÊt b¹i thÞ trêng_x000D_ phñ_x000D_ xuÊt_x000D_

t¨ng lªn
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
Hai hµng ho¸ bæ Hai hµng ho¸ thay Hai hµng ho¸ ®éc
sung_x000D_ thÕ_x000D_ lËp_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_

P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283


Çc ®êng lîi Ých cËn biªn

Çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn Çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn theo chiÒu
theo chiÒu ngang._x000D_ theo chiÒu däc._x000D_ ngang._x000D_

Tµi n¨ng kinh

C¬ chÕ mÖnh
Sù hîp t¸c_x000D_ C¬ chÕ thÞ trêng_x000D_ lÖnh_x000D_
G©y ra sù vËn ®éng däc theo

®êng cung lóa g¹o tíi møc gi¸ G©y ra cÇu t¨ng lµm cho gi¸ Lµm cho cÇu ®èi víi lóa
cao h¬n lóa g¹o cao h¬n g¹o gi¶m xuèng

Trong dµi h¹n ngêi tiªu dïng Tû lÖ thu nhËp cho viÖc chi Trong dµi h¹n sè lîng m¸y
cã thÓ t×m ra çc hµng ho¸ tiªu hµng ho¸ nhiÒu mãc thiÕt bÞ vµ nhµ xëng
thay thÕ._x000D_ h¬n._x000D_ cã thÓ thay ®æi._x000D_
Gi¸ t¨ng lµm tæng doanh thu Gi¸ gi¶m lµm tæng doanh Gi¸ t¨ng lµm gi¶m tæng
t¨ng._x000D_ thu gi¶m._x000D_ doanh thu._x000D_

Chi phÝ kinh tÕ nhá h¬n

Chi phÝ kinh tÕ lín h¬n chi Chi phÝ kinh tÕ lín h¬n chi chi phÝ tÝnh to¸n vµ lîi
phÝ tÝnh to¸n vµ lîi nhuËn phÝ tÝnh to¸n vµ lîi nhuËn nhuËn kinh tÕ lín h¬n lîi
kinh tÕ lín h¬n lîi nhuËn tÝnh kinh tÕ nhá h¬n lîi nhuËn nhuËn tÝnh to¸n_x000D_
to¸n_x000D_ tÝnh to¸n_x000D_ _x000D_
B¸n s¶n phÈm víi gi¸ lín

B¸n s¶n phÈm víi gi¸ b»ng chi B¸n s¶n phÈm víi gi¸ b»ng h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn
phÝ cËn biªn _x000D_ doanh thu cËn biªn _x000D_ _x000D_
CÇu lao ®éng cµng co CÇu lao ®éng cµng Ýt co Cung lao ®éng cµng Ýt co
gi·n_x000D_ gi·n_x000D_ gi·n_x000D_

Kh«ng c¹nh tranh_x000D_ Kh«ng lo¹i trõ_x000D_ BÞ ®iÒu tiÕt_x000D_

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_ 5/s¶n phÈm_x000D_ 6/s¶n phÈm_x000D_

2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_
Q= 6; P=6
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_
B»ng lîi Ých cña xe Chi phÝ c¬ héi cña viÖc

phim_x000D_ xem phim_x000D_
Lín h¬n lîi Ých cña xem phim

G©y ra sù v©n ®éng däc
theo ®êng cung thuû s¶n ë
ViÖt nam tíi møc gi¸ cao G©y ra cÇu t¨ng lµm cho gi¸ Lµm cho cÇu ®èi víi thuû
h¬n._x000D_ thuû s¶n cao h¬n._x000D_ s¶n gi¶m xuèng._x000D_
Lîng c©n b»ng vÒ ng«

Gi¸ ng« gi¶m nÕu ng« lµ hµng Gi¸ ng« t¨ng nÕu ng« lµ gi¶m nÕu ng« lµ hµng ho¸
ho¸ cÊp thÊp_x000D_ hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp_x000D_ cÊp thÊp_x000D_
Cung vÒ dÇu thùc vËt co Cung vÒ dÇu thùc vËt Ýt co CÇu vÒ dÇu thùc vËt co
Cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ b»ng Cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ b»ng Cña cung theo gi¸ lµ b»ng
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_


Çc chi phÝ kinh
Çc chi phÝ hiÖn_x000D_ Çc chi phÝ ch×m_x000D_ tÕ_x000D_
Lu«n gi¶m khi h·ng t¨ng s¶n l Kh«ng ®æi khi h·ng t¨ng s¶n Lu«n t¨ng khi h·ng t¨ng
îng _x000D_ lîng _x000D_ s¶n lîng _x000D_



t¨ng lªn
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

1250 625 700
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_

AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_
Çc nguyªn nh©n lµm gi¸ cam Çc nguyªn nh©n lµm gi¶m Nguyªn nh©n cña sù suy
gi¶m_x000D_ møc gi¸ chung_x000D_ tho¸i kinh tÕ_x000D_

§êng cÇu dÞch chuyÓn lªn §êng cung dÞch chuyÓn sang ®Òu dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn._x000D_ bªn tr¸i._x000D_ trªn._x000D_
CÇu hµng ho¸ cña chóng

ta ®ang t¨ng m¹nh, gi¸
TiÒn l¬ng t¨ng buéc chóng ta s¶n phÈm cña chóng ta sÏ
ph¶i t¨ng gi¸ hµng ThiÕt bÞ míi sÏ ®¶m b¶o cho t¨ng nªn chóng ta cã kÕ
ho¸_x000D_ chóng ta t¨ng søc c¹nh ho¹ch t¨ng s¶n l
_x000D_ tranh_x000D_ îng_x000D_
Lîng b¸n gi¶m vµ tæng doanh Lîng b¸n gi¶m vµ tæng Lîng b¸n t¨ng vµ tæng
thu t¨ng._x000D_ doanh thu gi¶m._x000D_ doanh thu t¨ng._x000D_

©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
§Ó cã thªm mét ®¬n vÞ hµng §Ó cã thªm mét ®¬n vÞ §Ó cã thªm mét ®¬n vÞ
hãa X cÇn tõ bá ngµy cµng hµng hãa X cÇn tõ bá ngµy hµng hãa X, sè lîng hµng
nhiÒu sè lîng hµng hãa cµng Ýt sè lîng hµng hãa hãa Y cÇn ph¶i tõ bá lµ nh
Y_x000D_ Y_x000D_ nhau _x000D_
Chi phÝ cña viÖc s¶n xuÊt S¶n phÈm bæ sung ®îc t¹o Chi phÝ cÇn thiÕt ®Ó
thªm mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n ra tõ viÖc thuª thªm mét thuª thªm mét ®¬n vÞ
phÈm_x000D_ ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vµo_x000D_ ®Çu vµo_x000D_
8 2 10
Chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt _x000D_ Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi _x000D_ Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh _x000D_
S¶n phÈm ®îc s¶n xuÊt bëi

Ngµnh gåm sè lîng Ýt çc çc h·ng trong ngµnh cã sù Çc h·ng tèi ®a hãa
h·ng_x000D_ kh¸c biÖt_x000D_ doanh sè b¸n_x000D_
KÝch cÇu ®èi víi hµng ho¸ §µo t¹o ®Ó n©ng cao n¨ng §¸nh thuÕ sö dông lao
dÞch vô_x000D_ suÊt lao ®éng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_

ChÝ phÝ x· héi cËn biªn cao Lîi Ých x· héi cËn biªn lín h¬n Lîi Ých ç nh©n cËn biªn
h¬n so víi chi phÝ ç nh©n chi phÝ x· héi cËn lín h¬n chi phÝ ç nh©n
cËn biªn_x000D_ biªn_x000D_ cËn biªn_x000D_
P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_

møc l¬ng lµ $5/h vµ kh«ng cã møc l¬ng lµ $5/h vµ d møc l¬ng lµ $4/h vµ d
thÊt nghiÖp_x000D_ cung_x000D_ cung_x000D_



C¬ chÕ mÖnh
Kh«ng thay ®æi T¨ng Gi¶m
Thay ®æi gi¸ cña hµng ho¸

Thay ®æi thÞ hiÕu vÒ thÞt liªn quan ®Õn thÞt Thu nhËp thay
bß_x000D_ bß_x000D_ ®æi_x000D_
Gi¸ gi¶m vµ tæng doanh thu Gi¸ t¨ng vµ tæng doanh thu Gi¸ gi¶m vµ tæng doanh
gi¶m ._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ thu t¨ng._x000D_

©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
Çc chi phÝ kinh

TÝnh kinh tÕ cña quy

B»ng ph¸t minh_x000D_ m«_x000D_ B¶n quyÒn_x000D_
Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph¶i cã kh¶ _x000D_

n¨ng ph©n chia thÞ trêng Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph¶i cã
theo nh÷ng møc gi¸ kh¸c chi phÝ cËn biªn kh¸c
nhau mµ ngêi tiªu dïng s½n Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph¶i lµ ngêi nhau cho nh÷ng møc s¶n
sµng tr¶_x000D_ chÊp nhËn gi¸_x000D_ lîng kh¸c nhau_x000D_
CÇu lao ®éng hoµn toµn
Hä ph¶i tr¶ tiÒn l¬ng cao h¬n Hä s½n sµng tr¶ l¬ng thÊp co gi·n t¹i møc tiÒn l¬ng
nÕu hä muèn thuª thªm lao h¬n ®Ó thu hót nhiÒu lao c©n b»ng cña thÞ tr
®éng._x000D_ ®éng cã kü n¨ng_x000D_ êng_x000D_



t¨ng lªn
320 640 160

Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




Con ngêi ph¶i ®a ra sù lùa

chän trong sè nhiÒu ph¬ng Chi phÝ c¬ héi b»ng Con ngêi lu«n lu«n ®ãi vµ
¸n kh¸c nhau_x000D_ kh«ng_x000D_ thiÕu thèn_x000D_
C«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt thay Kú väng cña ngêi b¸n

Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay ®æi ®æi thay ®æi
Gi¸ nguån lùc s¶n xuÊt ra X C¶i tiÕn c«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt
gi¶m_x000D_ ra X_x000D_ Gi¸ X t¨ng_x000D_
Thu nhËp t¨ng vµ hµng hãa

®ã lµ hµng hãa b×nh th Gi¸ hµng hãa ®ã t¨ng vµ Gi¸ hµng hãa ®ã t¨ng vµ
êng._x000D_ hµng hãa cã cÇu co hµng hãa cã cÇu kh«ng co
_x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_
Co gi·n._x000D_ Kh«ng co gi·n._x000D_
Hoµn toµn co gi·n
3 vÐ xem phim vµ 6 vÐ
5 vÐ xem phim vµ 15 vÐ xe 4 vÐ xem phim vµ 3 vÐ xe xe buýt_x000D_
buýt_x000D_ buýt_x000D_ _x000D_
0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
Çc ®êng TC, ATC, AVC vµ Çc ®êng ATC, AVC, AFC
Çc ®êng TC, VC vµ FC dÞch MC ®Òu dÞch chuyÓn lªn dÞch chuyÓn lªn
chuyÓn lªn trªn_x000D_ trªn _x000D_ trªn_x000D_
Gi¸ sÏ ®îc ®Æt b»ng chi phÝ
TÊt c¶ çc h·ng sÏ thu lîi cËn biªn nh»m tèi ®a hãa lîi Gi¸ sÏ thÊp h¬n trong c¹nh
nhuËn kinh tÕ d¬ng _x000D_ nhuËn _x000D_ tranh hoµn h¶o_x000D_

T¨ng do viÖc thuª mín lao Gi¶m do viÖc thuª mín lao T¨ng do viÖc thuª mín lao
®éng gi¶m_x000D_ ®éng t¨ng_x000D_ ®éng t¨ng_x000D_
Hµng hãa thay

Hµng hãa ç nh©n_x000D_ Hµng hãa c«ng céng_x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

320 640 160


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2500 1250 1400
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_

S¶n xuÊt nhthÕ nµo?

S¶n xuÊt çi g×?_x000D_ _x000D_ S¶n xuÊt cho ai?_x000D_
Lín h¬n kh«ng._x000D_ B»ng kh«ng._x000D_ Nhá h¬n kh«ng._x000D_
HiÖu suÊt theo quy m« t¨ng HiÖu suÊt theo quy m«

ATC ®ang gi¶m dÇn gi¶m dÇn
Cã kh¶ n¨ng x¸c ®Þnh çc

nhãm ngêi mua kh¸c nhau
Ng¨n chÆn viÖc b¸n l¹i s¶n víi cÇu co gi·n kh¸c
Thùc hiÖn hµnh vi chÊp nhËn phÈm _x000D_ nhau_x000D_
gi¸

Lu«n cã ¸p lùc thÊt

Mét sè ngêi t¨ng sè giê lµm nghiÖp lµm cho kh«ng
viÖc khi ®¬n gi¸ tiÒn l¬ng mét ç nh©n nµo gi¶m sè
t¨ng, nhng sè giê lµm viÖc TÊt c¶ çc ç nh©n ®Òu t¨ng giê lµm viÖc khi ®¬n gi¸
t¨ng nhá h¬n sè giê lµm viÖc sè giê lµm viÖc khi ®¬n gi¸ tiÒn l¬ng t¨ng_x000D_
gi¶m ®i tiÒn l¬ng t¨ng


P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_

CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
T¨ng 7,5%_x000D_ T¨ng 30%_x000D_ Gi¶m 30%_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_



TiÒn cña doanh Tr¸i phiÕu cña doanh Nhµ m¸y s¶n xuÊt cña
nghiÖp_x000D_ nghiÖp_x000D_ doanh nghiÖp_x000D_

®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ b»ng 0._x000D_

DÞch chuyÓn sang tr¸i vµ vµ song song víi ®êng
DÞch chuyÓn sang tr¸i vµ dèc song song víi ®êng ng©n ng©n s¸ch ban
h¬n_x000D_ s¸ch ban ®Çu_x000D_ ®Çu_x000D_

N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn cã thÓ

Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh b×nh qu©n gi¶m nhng cã gi¸ trÞ lín h¬n N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn b»ng
t¨ng_x000D_ 0_x000D_ 0_x000D_
Lao ®éng cho vèn t¨ng lªn Lao ®éng cho vèn gi¶m
Lao ®éng cho vèn gi¶m khi lîng vèn gi¶m vµ lîng lao khi lîng vèn vµ lîng lao
xuèng khi lîng vèn vµ lîng lao ®éng t¨ng._x000D_ ®éng ®Òu t¨ng
®éng ®Òu gi¶m._x000D_ _x000D_ lªn_x000D_
Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph¶i t¨ng s¶n CÇu t¹i møc s¶n lîng ®ã lµ CÇu t¹i møc s¶n lîng ®ã lµ
lîng_x000D_ kh«ng co gi·n_x000D_ co gi·n_x000D_
Lµ ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn

Lµ ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn phÝa trªn chi phÝ biÕn ®æi Lµ ®êng doanh thu cËn
_x000D_ trung b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_ biªn _x000D_

ThÞ trêng lao ®éng lµ

ThÞ trêng lao ®éng lµ ®éc H·ng lµ ngêi sö dông lao c¹nh tranh hoµn
quyÒn b¸n_x000D_ ®éng duy nhÊt _x000D_ h¶o_x000D_

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




Cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh

gi¶m_x000D_ Cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh
_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ kh«ng thay ®æi._x000D_
Lîng cÇu lín h¬n lîng

cung_x000D_ Lîng cung lín h¬n lîng
CÇu t¨ng khi gi¸ t¨ng_x000D_ _x000D_ cÇu_x000D_
CÇu vÒ A vµ B lµ ®éc Co gi·n cña cung theo gi¸ vÒ A vµ B lµ hai hµng hãa bæ
lËp._x000D_ A lín h¬n 1._x000D_ sung._x000D_
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_ cïng._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_
§êng bµng quan tho¶i

nghÜa lµ khi tiªu dïng Ýt
h¬n sè lîng hµng hãa Y
NÕu ®êng bµng quan dèc Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn thÊp th× ngêi tiªu dïng ph¶i
th× tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn lµ cã nghÜa lµ ®êng bµng quan t¨ng nhiÒu h¬n sè lîng
cao_x000D_ tho¶i_x000D_ hµng hãa X_x000D_
Çc ®êng ATC, AVC, AFC t¹i Çc ®êng ATC, AFC t¹i ®iÓm Çc ®êng AVC, AFC t¹i
®iÓm cùc tiÓu cña mçi ® cùc tiÓu cña mçi ® ®iÓm cùc tiÓu cña mçi ®
êng_x000D_ êng_x000D_ êng_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Ýt h¬n møc tèi u víi x· B»ng møc tèi u víi x· NhiÒu h¬n møc tèi u víi x·
héi_x000D_ héi_x000D_ héi_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
1250 625 700
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_



cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
C¬ chÕ mÖnh
Mua lóa cña n«ng d©n cho

quü dù tr÷ quèc gia T¨ng thuÕ tõ ph©n bãn Gi¶m diÖn tÝch trång lóa
NÕu gi¸ t¨ng, lîng cÇu sÏ gi¶m NÕu gi¸ t¨ng, lîng cÇu sÏ t¨ng NÕu gi¸ gi¶m, lîng cÇu sÏ
trong khi lîng cung sÏ trong khi lîng cung sÏ gi¶m trong khi lîng cung
t¨ng_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_ sÏ t¨ng_x000D_
Gi¸ cña A t¨ng sÏ lµm cho gi¸ Gi¸ cña A t¨ng sÏ kh«ng
Gi¸ cña A t¨ng sÏ lµm cho gi¸ c©n b»ng cña B ¶nh hëng ®Õn gi¸ c©n
c©n b»ng cña B t¨ng._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ b»ng cña B ._x000D_
Co gi·n hoµn toµn._x000D_ Kh«ng co gi·n._x000D_ Co gi·n._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_


Chi phÝ trung b×nh ®ang HiÖu suÊt gi¶m dÇn

Chi phÝ cËn biªn ®ang t¨ng t¨ng kh«ng tån t¹i
VÉn thu ®îc lîi nhuËn kinh

Nªn ®ãng cöa_x000D_ §ang hßa vèn_x000D_ tÕ d¬ng_x000D_
§êng doanh thu trung

§êng chi phÝ trung b×nh cña §êng chi phÝ cËn biªn bÞ gi¸n b×nh bÞ gi¸n
h·ng bÞ gi¸n ®o¹n_x000D_ ®o¹n_x000D_ ®o¹n_x000D_

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
2500 1250 1400

Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_




C¬ chÕ mÖnh

Thu nhËp gi¶m_x000D_ Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ

_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng
Gi¸ t¨ng lµm tæng doanh thu Gi¸ t¨ng lµm tæng doanh thu Thu nhËp t¨ng lµm gi¶m
t¨ng._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ tæng doanh thu._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

§é dèc cña ®êng tæng s¶n §é dèc cña ®êng s¶n phÈm Tæng s¶n phÈm chia cho l
phÈm_x000D_ b×nh qu©n_x000D_ îng lao ®éng_x000D_
§é dèc cña ®êng ®ång lîng

Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn b»ng lín h¬n ®é dèc ®êng ®ång
chi phÝ cËn biªn cña s¶n phÝ_x000D_ §êng ®ång lîng c¾t ®êng
xuÊt_x000D_ _x000D_ ®ång phÝ_x000D_

ThÆng dtiªu dïng sÏ b»ng ThÆng ds¶n xuÊt sÏ lín S¶n lîng b»ng s¶n lîng
kh«ng_x000D_ nhÊt_x000D_ c¹nh tranh_x000D_
Khi h·ng cµng dÔ thay
thÕ çc ®Çu vµo kh¸c cho
Khi h·ng cµng khã thay thÕ Khi ngêi lao ®éng cã kü n¨ng ®Çu vµo lao
çc ®Çu vµo kh¸c cho ®Çu cao h¬n_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_
vµo lao ®éng.



t¨ng lªn
P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2500 1250 1400
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_

P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_




Gi¸ gi¶m vµ lîng cÇu t¨ng Gi¸ t¨ng vµ lîng cÇu gi¶m Gi¸ vµ lîng cung t¨ng

Co gi·n ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
_x000D_ Kh«ng co gi·n._x000D_ Co gi·n._x000D_
Sè lîng cña mçi hµng hãa mét Çc tËp hîp hµng hãa khi ng Møc tiªu dïng mong muèn
ngêi tiªu dïng cã thÓ êi tiªu dïng chi hÕt ng©n ®èi víi mét ngêi tiªu
mua_x000D_ s¸ch cña m×nh _x000D_ dïng_x000D_
20 triÖu ®ång_x000D_ 25 triÖu ®ång_x000D_ 5 triÖu ®ång_x000D_
C¶ 2 lao ®éng ®ang lµm C¶ 2 lao ®éng ®ang lµm

H·ng ®ang ho¹t ®éng cã hiÖu viÖc qu¸ Ýt víi møc s¶n phÈm viÖc qu¸ nhiÒu víi møc
qu¶ kinh tÕ vµ kh«ng cÇn cËn biªn cña hä nh®· biÕt, s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña hä
mét sù thay ®æi nµo_x000D_ vµ hä nªn lµm viÖc nhiÒu nh®· biÕt, vµ hä nªn lµm
_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_ viÖc Ýt giê h¬n_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Lîi Ých x· héi lín h¬n lîi Ých ç Cã vÊn ®Ò kÎ ¨n Chi phÝ x· héi lín h¬n chi
nh©n_x000D_ kh«ng_x000D_ phÝ ç nh©n_x000D_

CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_

P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_



Cã kh¶ n¨ng tÝnh to¸n nh÷ng Tù do ®èi víi çc c¶n trë
m« h×nh to¸n häc phøc Cã nguån lùc kh«ng giíi cña chÝnh phñ._x000D_
t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
§êng cÇu dÞch chuyÓn sang §êng cÇu dÞch chuyÓn sang
tr¸i ph¶i Lîng cÇu t¨ng
V« cïng._x000D_ cïng._x000D_ B»ng 0._x000D_
Mét lo¹t nh÷ng ®iÓm biÓu Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn

diÔn çc møc lîi Ých kh¸c ChØ bao gåm mét ®êng gi÷a çc hµng
nhau_x000D_ bµng quan _x000D_ hãa_x000D_
0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
Chi phÝ cËn biªn gi¶m

N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn gi¶m dÇn_x000D_
dÇn_x000D_ _x000D_ HiÖu suÊt gi¶m dÇn theo
quy m«
100$ 110$ 200$

Chi phÝ cËn biªn cña s¶n Møc tiÒn l¬ng c©n b»ng trªn Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh
phÈm ®Çu ra_x000D_ thÞ trêng_x000D_ qu©n nhá nhÊt_x000D_
Gi¸ b¸n s¶n phÈm nh©n víi Doanh thu cËn biªn nh©n
s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao S¶n phÈm hiÖn vËt cËn biªn víi s¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña
®éng_x000D_ cña lao ®éng_x000D_ lao ®éng_x000D_

8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


ThÊt b¹i do ngêi ta bÊt lùc
Thµnh c«ng v× viÖc cung trong viÖc thu tiÒn tõ ng
Kh«ng x¶y ra do tÝnh c¹nh cÊp cña nhµ níc thêng Ýt tèn êi tiªu dïng s¶n phÈm.
tranh._x000D_ kÐm h¬n._x000D_ _x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_



T¬ng t¸c gi÷a cung vµ

Cung hµng ho¸ Chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt hµng ho¸ cÇu
Gi¶m gi¸._x000D_ T¨ng gi¸._x000D_ Gi÷ nguyªn gi¸._x000D_

1 hµng hãa lµ th«ng th

2 hµng hãa lµ thay thÕ êng vµ hµng hãa kia lµ
2 hµng ho¸ lµ bæ sung hoµn kh«ng hoµn h¶o_x000D_ cÊp thÊp _x000D_
h¶o
Tæng cña FC vµ VC Tæng cña AFC vµ AVC Tæng cña ATC vµ AVC
Doanh thu nhËn ®îc khi

Tæng doanh thu chia tæng thuª thªm mét ®¬n vÞ
chi phÝ _x000D_ Gi¸_x000D_ lao ®éng_x000D_
Gi¸ sÏ ®îc ®Æt b»ng chi phÝ S¶n xuÊt lu«n ®îc thùc
cËn biªn nh»m tèi ®a hãa lîi Gi¸ sÏ thÊp h¬n trong c¹nh hiÖn t¹i chi phÝ trung
nhuËn _x000D_ tranh hoµn h¶o_x000D_ b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_

Céng çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn Céng çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn
biªn ç nh©n theo chiÒu biªn ç nh©n theo chiÒu Céng çc ®êng lîi Ých cËn
ngang_x000D_ däc_x000D_ biªn ç nh©n theo chiÒu
ngang
Lîi Ých x· héi cao h¬n lîi

Ých cña ç nh©n tr¶ tiÒn
S¶n lîng thùc tÕ thÊp h¬n s¶n ChÝ phÝ x· héi cao h¬n chi cho hµng ho¸ c«ng
lîng tèi u_x000D_ phÝ ç nh©n_x000D_ céng_x000D_
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283




Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

Lîng cÇu s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Lîng cÇu s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Lîng cÇu s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh
gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ kh«ng thay ®æi._x000D_

Cã nhiÒu hµng hãa thay thÕ Gi¸ hµng hãa ®ã qu¸ Cung hµng ho¸ ®ã
cho nã._x000D_ ®¾t._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_
Lµm lîng cÇu t¨ng gÊp Gi¶m lîng cÇu hai

®«i._x000D_ lÇn._x000D_ T¨ng lîng cÇu 2%._x000D_

200 triÖu_x000D_ 300 triÖu_x000D_ 100 triÖu_x000D_
C¶ ®Çu vµo lao ®éng vµ

§Çu vµo lao ®éng §Çu vµo tb¶n ®Çu vµo tb¶n





5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1

AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P






Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

Co gi·n._x000D_ Co gi·n ®¬n vÞ._x000D_ Kh«ng co gi·n._x000D_
Cung ng¾n h¹n vÒ Cung dµi h¹n vÒ

Cung t¹m thêi vÒ tivi._x000D_ tivi._x000D_ tivi._x000D_
12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_


S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña vèn
S¶n phÈm trung b×nh cña lao trªn mét ®ång chi cho
®éng trªn mét ®ång chi cho vèn_x000D_ Gi¸ cña lao ®éng chia cho
lao ®éng_x000D_ _x000D_ gi¸ cña vèn_x000D_
Mµ chi phÝ trung b×nh lín

Mµ doanh thu cËn biªn nhá h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn
Mµ h·ng sÏ bÞ thua lç_x000D_ h¬n gi¸_x000D_ _x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_
®é co gi·n cña cÇu lao ®éng cung t¨ng lªn ë møc tiÒn l
theo tiÒn l¬ng lµ 0,5_x000D_ cã hiÖn tîng dcung_x000D_ ¬ng míi_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_


CÇu hoµn toµn co

12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_

10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_


$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_




NÒn kinh tÕ ®ãng NÒn kinh tÕ mÖnh NÒn kinh tÕ hçn

cöa_x000D_ lÖnh_x000D_ hîp_x000D_

CÇu vÒ A vµ B ®Òu co gi·n CÇu vÒ A vµ B ®Òu kh«ng A vµ B lµ hai hµng hãa bæ

theo gi¸._x000D_ co gi·n theo gi¸._x000D_ sung._x000D_
Lµ kh«ng thÓ x¶y ra ngo¹i trõ Cã ®é co gi·n b»ng Cã ®é co gi·n lµ v«

trong dµi h¹n._x000D_ 0._x000D_ cïng._x000D_


Chi phÝ cËn biªn tèi Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung
thiÓu_x000D_ b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_ b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra
Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng s¶n Chi phÝ b×nh qu©n b»ng
Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng s¶n phÈm doanh thu b×nh s¶n phÈm doanh thu cËn
phÈm cËn biªn_x000D_ qu©n_x000D_ biªn_x000D_



360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
NSB = 320$_x000D_ NSB = 640$ _x000D_ NSB = 160$_x000D_
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_



®ãng cöa_x000D_

CÇu b¸nh mú trøng CÇu b¸nh mú trøng C¶ ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ

gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_

HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu theo HÖ sè co gi·n cña cung theo HÖ sè co gi·n cña cÇu
gi¸._x000D_ gi¸._x000D_ theo thu nhËp._x000D_


Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn Tû lÖ chuyÓn ®æi cËn Xu híng cËn biªn trong
biªn_x000D_ biªn_x000D_ tiªu dïng_x000D_
S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña çc

yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt gi¶m Tæng sè mò ph¶n ¸nh hiÖu Chi phÝ cËn biªn t¨ng
dÇn_x000D_ suÊt theo quy m«_x000D_ dÇn_x000D_

Mét h·ng ®éc quyÒn tèi ®a

hãa lîi nhuËn sÏ gi¶m s¶n lîng CÇu co gi·n ë møc s¶n lîng CÇu kh«ng co gi·n ë møc
_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra

_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
X©y dùng khu chÕ xuÊt ë

Ho¹t ®éng nghiªn cøu kiÕn khu vùc cã kinh tÕ kÐm
Gi¸o dôc, ®µo t¹o_x000D_ thøc c¬ b¶n_x000D_ ph¸t triÓn_x000D_
Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_

L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_



C¶ A vµ B ®Òu t¨ng C¶ A vµ B ®Òu gi¶m A sÏ t¨ng vµ B sÏ gi¶m

_x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi nhá PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi lín trong
trong gi¸ dÉn ®Õn phÇn tr¨m gi¸ dÉn ®Õn phÇn tr¨m thay
thay ®æi_x000D_ ®æi _x000D_ Hµng hãa lµ th«ng th
lín trong lîng cung._x000D_ nhá trong lîng cung._x000D_ êng._x000D_


Gi¸ mua s¾m ban ®Çu

B»ng 0 Chi phÝ thay thÕ thiÕt bÞ ®ã cña thiÕt bÞ ®ã
B»ng 0_x000D_ Tæng chi phÝ biÕn
_x000D_ Tæng chi phÝ_x000D_ ®æi_x000D_



gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
1250 625 700
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_




T¨ng cÇu thÞt gµ (hµng

T¨ng lîng cÇu vÒ thÞt T¨ng cÇu vÒ khoai t©y r¸n ho¸ thay thÕ)_x000D_
bß_x000D_ (hµng ho¸ bæ sung)_x000D_ _x000D_
Gi¶m vµ tæng doanh thu sÏ Gi¶m vµ tæng doanh thu sÏ T¨ng vµ tæng doanh thu
t¨ng._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ sÏ t¨ng._x000D_


§ang gi¶m B»ng ATC PhÝa díi ATC

biªn



5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_

3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



Çc hé gia ®×nh lu«n trao Çc hé gia ®×nh lµ ngêi b¸n
®æi tiÒn lÊy hµng trªn thÞ trêng yÕu tè s¶n Çc doanh nghiÖp lu«n
ho¸_x000D_ xuÊt vµ lµ ngêi mua trªn thÞ trao ®æi hµng ho¸ lÊy
_x000D_ trêng hµng ho¸_x000D_ tiÒn_x000D_
Gi¸ trÞ cña ho¹t ®éng tèt Gi¸ trÞ cña thêi gian Chi phÝ gi¸n tiÕp cña mét
nhÊt_x000D_ rçi_x000D_ ho¹t ®éng_x000D_
Gi¸ vµ lîng c©n b»ng Gi¸ vµ lîng c©n b»ng Gi¸ kh«ng ®æi nhng lîng
t¨ng._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ c©n b»ng t¨ng._x000D_

1/5 5/1 1/1
N»m trªn ®iÓm hßa N»m díi ®iÓm hoµ N»m trªn ®iÓm ®ãng
vèn_x000D_ vèn_x000D_ cöa_x000D_
Chi phÝ cËn biªn lín h¬n

Gi¸ lín h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn Gi¸ lín h¬n doanh thu cËn doanh thu cËn biªn
_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_




ViÖc sö dông tèt nhÊt 10.000 ViÖc sö dông tèt nhÊt c¶ thêi Gi¸ trÞ 10.000 ®ång ®èi
®ång cña ngêi ®ã vµo viÖc gian vµ 10.000 ®ång cña ng víi ngêi thî c¾t
kh¸c_x000D_ êi ®ã _x000D_ tãc_x000D_

Lîng cÇu hµng ho¸ thay ®æi

bao nhiªu phÇn tr¨m Thu nhËp thay ®æi bao
khi_x000D_ nhiªu khi lîng cÇu hµng Çch x¸c ®Þnh nguån thu
thu nhËp cña c«ng chóng thay ho¸_x000D_ nhËp cña c«ng
®æi 1%._x000D_ thay ®æi 1%._x000D_ chóng._x000D_

gi¶m xuèng xuèng
8 2 10
Tæng doanh thu b»ng tång Tæng doanh thu b»ng tæng
chi phÝ cè ®Þnh vµ thua lç chi phÝ biÕn ®æi vµ thua lç Tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
b»ng tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b»ng tæng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh b»ng tæng chi phÝ cè
_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh

Chi phÝ cËn biªn_x000D_ Doanh thu cËn biªn_x000D_ qu©n _x000D_



t¨ng lªn
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_






TÊt c¶ çc yÕu tè ®Çu

Nhá h¬n hoÆc b»ng 1 TÊt c¶ çc yÕu tè ®Çu vµo vµo ®Òu cè
n¨m_x000D_ ®Òu thay ®æi_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
Kho¶n cßn l¹i sau khi chi phÝ Kho¶n tr¶ cho çc yÕu tè s¶n Sè thu tõ viÖc b¸n çc
s¶n xuÊt ®îc chi tr¶ xuÊt hµng ho¸ vµ dÞch vô

vµo lao ®éng.

Hµng hãa thay


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =
125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_

MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_




_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

Cung vÒ ng«
CÇu vÒ ng« gi¶m_x000D_ CÇu vÒ ng« t¨ng_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_

1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_
Cung lµ kh«ng co Hµng hãa ®ã lµ hµng hãa xa Cung lµ co gi·n ®¬n

gi·n._x000D_ xØ._x000D_ vÞ._x000D_
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung b×nh Chi phÝ cËn biªn lµ sù gia
Tæng chi phÝ trung b×nh lµ céng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung t¨ng cña tæng chi phÝ do
tæng chi phÝ trªn mét ®¬n b×nh b»ng tæng chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt thªm 1 ®¬n vÞ
vÞ s¶n phÈm trung b×nh s¶n phÈm

Chi phÝ cËn biªn Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung

Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh t¨ng_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_ b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
gi¸

ngang


200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_




®ãng cöa_x000D_

Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_

Gi¸ cña phÇn mÒm çc ®èi

thñ sÏ gi¶m lµm t¨ng lîng
Gi¸ cña tÊt c¶ çc m¸y tÝnh sÏ c©n b»ng cña çc phÇn Gi¸ cña mäi phÇn mÒm
t¨ng_x000D_ mÒm_x000D_ ®Òu t¨ng_x000D_
Lín h¬n kh«ng vµ nhá h¬n

Lín h¬n 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_

1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_

0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
§êng ®ång lîng §êng ®ång phÝ §êng ®ång lîi nhuËn

_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_

P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_






§é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ §é co gi·n cña cÇu theo

thay ®æi nhng ®é dèc cña ® §é co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ gi¸ kh«ng thay ®æi nhng
êng cÇu kh«ng thay vµ ®é dèc cña ®êng cÇu ®é dèc cña ®êng cÇu
®æi._x000D_ kh«ng thay ®æi._x000D_ thay ®æi._x000D_

Gi¶m do viÖc thuª mín lao T¨ng do viÖc thuª mín lao
T¨ng do viÖc thuª mín lao ®éng t¨ng_x000D_ ®éng t¨ng_x000D_
®éng gi¶m


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_ 5/s¶n phÈm_x000D_ 6/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_


VÒ b¶n chÊt hiÖn t Çc dù b¸o cña m«

îng_x000D_ CÇn ph¶i nhthÕ nµo_x000D_ h×nh_x000D_




h¶o
10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_
Chi phÝ kh«ng ®æi khi møc Chi phÝ t¨ng khi s¶n lîng Tæng chi phÝ t¹i møc s¶n
s¶n lîng ®Çu ra thay ®æi ®Çu ra t¨ng lªn lîng b»ng kh«ng
MR = MC _x000D_
_x000D_ MR = 0_x000D_ MR > 0 _x000D_


biªn lao ®éng.
P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_

0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P

L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_
Cã néi th¬ng vµ ngo¹i th Çc ngµnh ®ãng vµ Çc c¬ chÕ thùc chøng vµ
¬ng_x000D_ më_x000D_ chuÈn t¾c_x000D_

ChÝnh phñ t¨ng gi¸_x000D_ Gi¶m lîng cÇu_x000D_

T¨ng cung
©m vµ cã gi¸ trÞ
©m vµ cã gi¸ trÞ lín._x000D_ thÊp._x000D_ D¬ng _x000D_


Chi phÝ trung b×nh dµi

Chi phÝ trung b×nh dµi h¹n h¹n t¨ng víi cïng tèc ®é
Tæng s¶n phÈm kh«ng ®æi kh«ng ®æi t¨ng cña ®Çu vµo


biªn lao ®éng.

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



Ngêi tiªu dïng chÞu hÕt phÇn Ngêi tiªu dïng chÞu 50%
thuÕ._x000D_ Ngêi s¶n xuÊt chÞu hÕt vµ ngêi s¶n xuÊt chÞu
_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_

phÈm._x000D_ ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vµo._x000D_ ®Çu vµo._x000D_
S¶n lîng phô thuéc vµo c¶ K S¶n lîng chØ phô thuéc
S¶n lîng chØ phô thuéc vµo K vµ L vµo L
Tèi ®a ho¸ lîi nhuËn trªn Lùa chän møc s¶n lîng t¹i
mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n ®ã chi phÝ trung b×nh lµ
Tèi ®a ho¸ doanh thu_x000D_ phÈm_x000D_ nhá nhÊt_x000D_


®éng gi¶m

4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_

Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_
cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_

ThÞ hiÕu cña ngêi tiªu dïng Thu nhËp cña ngêi tiªu
Gi¸ cña m¸y ®iÒu hoµ ®èi víi m¸y ®iÒu hoµ dïng
T¨ng gi¸ t¬ng ít (hµng ho¸

ThÞ hiÕu ¨n phë gµ cña d©n bæ sung cña phë
chóng t¨ng lªn_x000D_ Gi¶m sè lîng d©n sè_x000D_ gµ)_x000D_



T¨ng gÊp ®«i møc gi¸ tèi ®a Lîi nhuËn gi¶m ®i mét nöa
ho¸ lîi nhuËn do nhµ ®éc so víi møc nhµ ®éc quyÒn §ãng cöa s¶n xuÊt nÕu gi¸
quyÒn ®Æt ra._x000D_ thu ®îc tríc khi chi phÝ kh«ng thay ®æi t¬ng
_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_

Hµng hãa thay


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_


Co gi·n._x000D_ Kh«ng co gi·n._x000D_ Co gi·n ®¬n vÞ._x000D_

S¶n phÈm b×nh qu©n nhá N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn nhá S¶n phÈm b×nh qu©n
nhÊt_x000D_ nhÊt_x000D_ cùc ®¹i_x000D_



vµo lao ®éng.


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_


gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_






_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra

_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =

Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_


Chän quyÕt ®Þnh khi mµ lîi Chän quyÕt ®Þnh khi mµ lîi Chän quyÕt ®Þnh khi mµ
Ých cËn biªn lín h¬n chi phÝ Ých cËn biªn b»ng chi phÝ lîi Ých cËn biªn nhá h¬n
cËn biªn_x000D_ cËn biªn_x000D_ chi phÝ cËn biªn_x000D_
C¬ chÕ mÖnh

§êng cÇu cña B sang bªn ph¶i §êng cÇu cña B sang bªn §êng cung cña B sang bªn
nÕu co gi·n chÐo gi÷a A vµ B ph¶i nÕu co gi·n chÐo gi÷a A ph¶i nÕu co gi·n chÐo
lµ_x000D_ vµ B lµ _x000D_ gi÷a A vµ B _x000D_
©m._x000D_ d¬ng._x000D_ lµ ©m._x000D_


Lín h¬n % thay ®æi cña ®Çu Nhá h¬n % thay ®æi cña
vµo_x000D_ ®Çu vµo_x000D_ §ang t¨ng_x000D_
Lín h¬n gi¸ s¶n phÈm Lín h¬n chi phÝ cËn biªn
B»ng gi¸ s¶n phÈm _x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_



P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
1250 625 700
+ 0,5_x000D_ - 0,5_x000D_ +2,0_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
Lµm gi¶m cung ®èi víi

Lµm t¨ng cÇu ®èi víi cam Lµm t¨ng cung ®èi víi cam cam
Lµ phÇn chªnh lÖch gi÷a l

Tån t¹i nÕu gi¸ cao h¬n gi¸ îng cÇu vµ lîng c©n
c©n b»ng_x000D_ Tån t¹i nÕu gi¸ thÊp h¬n gi¸ b»ng_x000D_
c©n b»ng



h¶o
100$ 110$ 200$
T¨ng gi¸ vµ gi¶m s¶n l Gi¶m gi¸ vµ t¨ng s¶n l Gi¶m gi¸ vµ gi¶m s¶n l
îng_x000D_ îng_x000D_ îng_x000D_

P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




T¨ng cung

12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_
1/5 5/1 1/1
Çc ®êng s¶n phÈm cËn

Çc ®êng s¶n phÈm cËn biªn, Çc ®êng s¶n phÈm cËn biªn, s¶n phÈm trung
s¶n phÈm trung b×nh vµ biªn, s¶n phÈm trung b×nh b×nh vµ tæng s¶n phÈm
tæng s¶n phÈm lªn trªn vµ vµ tæng s¶n phÈm lªn trªn xuèng vµ çc ®êng chi
çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn, vµ çc ®êng chi phÝ cËn phÝ cËn biªn, chi phÝ
chi phÝ trung b×nh vµ tæng biªn, chi phÝ trung b×nh vµ trung b×nh vµ tæng chi
chi phÝ lªn trªn. tæng chi phÝ xuèng phÝa díi. phÝ lªn trªn.

$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_
ngang

P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_

Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_



Kh«ng cã hµng ho¸ nµo ®îc Gi¸ ph¶i t¨ng trªn thÞ tr Cã dthõa trªn thÞ tr
b¸n ra_x000D_ êng_x000D_ êng_x000D_
Cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu

Cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo Cã ®é co gi·n cña cÇu theo theo gi¸ b»ng v«
thu nhËp lµ b»ng 0._x000D_ gi¸ b»ng 0._x000D_ cïng._x000D_


§êng tæng chi phÝ b×nh

§êng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh §êng tæng chi phÝ b×nh qu©n dÞch chuyÓn xuèng
qu©n dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn qu©n dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn díi

Lîi nhuËn t¨ng thªm cña

viÖc thuª thªm lao ®éng
Hä cã thÓ cho thuª lao ®éng nµy b»ng víi doanh thu
nµy víi gi¸ kh«ng nhiÒu h¬n gia t¨ng do lao ®éng nµy
gi¸ hä tr¶ cho ngêi lao ®éng TiÒn l¬ng tr¶ cho ngêi lao t¹o ra._x000D_
®ã._x000D_ ®éng b»ng chi phÝ cËn biªn _x000D_
cña qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt.
Gi¸ yÕu tè yÕu tè s¶n

xuÊt thay thÕ
Gi¸ yÕu tè ®ã gi¶m_x000D_ Gi¸ yÕu tè ®ã t¨ng_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_





Kinh tÕ thùc
A vµ B lµ hµng ho¸ bæ sung A vµ B lµ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ

trong tiªu dïng trong tiªu dïng B lµ hµng ho¸ ®éc lËp
Lîng cÇu lín h¬n lîng Lîng cung lín h¬n lîng
CÇu t¨ng khi gi¸ t¨ng_x000D_ cung_x000D_ cÇu_x000D_
Cã thÓ sö dông ®îc nhiÒu

Cã thÓ t×m ®îc nhiÒu hµng Cã thÓ t×m ®îc nhiÒu hµng c«ng nghÖ míi ®Ó s¶n
hãa thay thÕ cho hµng hãa hãa bæ sung cho hµng hãa xuÊt hµng_x000D_
®ang xÐt._x000D_ ®ang xÐt._x000D_ hãa._x000D_
Tæng s¶n phÈm kh«ng Chi phÝ trung b×nh dµi h¹n
®æi_x000D_ kh«ng ®æi_x000D_ ATC kh«ng ®æi_x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_



P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.





1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_

Mua nhiÒu A h¬n vµ mua

Mua nhiÒu A h¬n vµ Ýt B h¬n nhiÒu B h¬n Mua Ýt h¬n c¶ A vµ B
Tæng chi phÝ trung Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung

b×nh_x000D_ Chi phÝ cËn biªn_x000D_ b×nh_x000D_
Lîng s¶n phÈm tèi thiÓu

Lîng s¶n phÈm tèi ®a cã thÓ cã thÓ s¶n xuÊt , biÕt tríc
Gi¸ cña vèn so víi gi¸ lao s¶n xuÊt , biÕt tríc sè lîng çc sè lîng çc ®Çu vµo ®îc
®éng_x000D_ ®Çu vµo ®îc sö dông trong sö dông trong s¶n
_x000D_ s¶n xuÊt_x000D_ xuÊt_x000D_
gi¸


_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3






CÇu vÒ A vµ B lµ ®éc
lËp._x000D_ Co gi·n cña cung theo gi¸ vÒ A vµ B lµ hai hµng hãa bæ
_x000D_ A lín h¬n 1._x000D_ sung._x000D_
Gi¸ t¨ng 10% dÉn ®Õn lîng Gi¸ t¨ng 10% dÉn ®Õn lîng §é co gi·n cña cÇu b»ng
cÇu gi¶m 5%._x000D_ cÇu gi¶m 20%._x000D_ v« cïng._x000D_
12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_


Tæng chi phÝ b×nh

Chi phÝ cËn biªn_x000D_ Doanh thu cËn biªn_x000D_ qu©n_x000D_

vµo lao ®éng.
t¨ng lªn
5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_

3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_



§i qua çc ®iÓm cùc tiÓu
cña tÊt c¶ çc ®êng chi
Lµ ®êng tæng chi phÝ trung SÏ dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn khi phÝ trung b×nh ng¾n h¹n
b×nh ng¾n h¹n thÊp nhÊt chi phÝ cè ®Þnh t¨ng cña mçi quy m« s¶n xuÊt

_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_

P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_




Tæng doanh thu kh«ng thay

®æi._x000D_ Tæng doanh thu gi¶m
_x000D_ Lîng cÇu t¨ng_x000D_ xuèng._x000D_

2000$_x000D_ 28000$_x000D_ 15000$_x000D_

Lµ sù l·ng phÝ nguån lùc
do çc h·ng bÞ buéc trë
Kh«ng cung cÊp cho ngêi tiªu thµnh ngêi chÊp nhËn gi¸
dïng nh÷ng th«ng tin h÷u Lµm t¨ng chi phÝ cËn biªn do cã sù gia nhËp cña çc
Ých_x000D_ cña s¶n xuÊt _x000D_ h·ng míi_x000D_




gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_





cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_




P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_

Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
13_x000D_ 14_x000D_ 15_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_














P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_

0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_

MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_



Co gi·n cña cÇu theo thu Co gi·n cña cÇu theo Co gi·n cña cÇu hµng hãa
nhËp._x000D_ gi¸._x000D_ thay thÕ._x000D_



Doanh thu t¨ng thªm khi sö Doanh thu t¨ng thªm khi sö Doanh thu t¨ng thªm khi
dông thªm mét ®¬n vÞ yÕu dông thªm mét ®¬n vÞ lao b¸n thªm mét ®¬n vÞ s¶n
tè ®Çu vµo ®éng phÈm

NhiÒu h¬n khi kh«ng biÖt

Ýt h¬n khi kh«ng biÖt gi¸ nhng Ýt h¬n ngµnh c¹nh NhiÒu h¬n ngµnh c¹nh
gi¸_x000D_ tranh hoµn h¶o_x000D_ tranh hoµn h¶o_x000D_
vµo lao ®éng.


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_

Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_

ChØ trong çc nÒn kinh tÕ ChØ trong çc nÒn kinh tÕ Trong tÊt c¶ çc nÒn kinh
thÞ trêng_x000D_ chØ huy_x000D_ tÕ_x000D_


Hµng ho¸ ®éc

Hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp._x000D_ lËp._x000D_
Hµng ho¸ thiÕt yÕu.


h¶o

t¨ng_x000D_ 0_x000D_ 0_x000D_

Mçi h·ng s¶n xuÊt ë ®iÓm
h¹n tèi thiÓu, vµ kh«ng cã
Mçi h·ng tèi ®a hãa lîi nhuËn Lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ b»ng 0, v× ®éng c¬ thay ®æi quy
ng¾n h¹n cña m×nh_x000D_ thÕ kh«ng cã sù gia nhËp m« _x000D_
hoÆc rót lui



320 640 160
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_








2 m¸y mãc vµ 7 lao 2 m¸y mãc vµ 8 lao 3 m¸y mãc vµ 8 lao

®éng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_
Hä nhËn ®îc trî cÊp cña Kh¶ n¨ng ®Þnh gi¸ ®¶m b¶o
chÝnh phñ_x000D_ lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ d Çc rµo c¶n gia nhËp ng¨n
_x000D_ ¬ng_x000D_ chÆn sù gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
ë phÇn co gi·n cña ®êng ë phÇn ®êng cÇu co gi·n ë phÇn kh«ng co gi·n cña
cÇu_x000D_ ®¬n vÞ_x000D_ ®êng cÇu_x000D_


P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.




cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


T¨ng cung

CÇu lµ kh«ng co CÇu lµ kh«ng co gi·n theo

CÇu lµ co gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ thu nhËp._x000D_
DÞch sang ph¶i vµ kh«ng thay DÞch sang ph¶i vµ dèc DÞch sang ph¶i vµ tho¶i
®æi ®é dèc_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

MR = MC _x000D_
_x000D_ MR = 0_x000D_ MR > 0 _x000D_



t¨ng lªn
P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_




Cã tû lÖ % thu nhËp chi cho Cã nhiÒu hµng hãa thay

Cã gi¸ cao._x000D_ hµng hãa nµy lín._x000D_ thÕ. _x000D_

S¶n phÈm trung b×nh cña lao S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña lao §êng tæng s¶n phÈm cã
®éng ®ang t¨ng ®éng ®ang t¨ng ®é dèc ©m

C¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn cã
Trong c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o, rµo c¶n gia nhËp cßn c¹nh
Ngµnh c¹nh tranh hoµn h¶o s¶n phÈm gi÷a çc h·ng cã tranh hoµn h¶o th×
cã sè lîng Ýt h·ng_x000D_ chót Ýt sù kh¸c biÖt_x000D_ kh«ng_x000D_

P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
1250 625 700
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_


§êng cÇu xe trong vµ ngoµi n §êng cung xe trong vµ ngoµi cÇu xe trong vµ ngoµi n
íc dÞch chuyÓn_x000D_ níc dÞch chuyÓn_x000D_ íc_x000D_
_x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_



h¶o






5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
2500 1250 1400

0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P

MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


Lîng cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Lîng cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Lîng cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh
gi¶m_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ kh«ng thay ®æi._x000D_
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi nhá

PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi nhá PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi lín trong trong cÇu dÉn ®Õn phÇn
trong gi¸ dÉn ®Õn phÇn tr¨m gi¸ dÉn ®Õn phÇn tr¨m thay tr¨m thay ®æi _x000D_
thay ®æi_x000D_ ®æi _x000D_ lín trong lîng
lín trong lîng cung._x000D_ nhá trong lîng cung._x000D_ cung._x000D_

Cao h¬n tèi ®a víi tû lÖ gi¸

cña lao ®éng so víi gi¸ cña B»ng tû lÖ gi¸ cña lao ®éng
vèn_x000D_ so víi gi¸ cña vèn_x000D_ Lµ cùc ®¹i_x000D_


$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_



_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_



Lµ nh÷ng ®iÓm duy nhÊt

B»ng nhau so víi gèc täa thay cho çc ®
GÇn gèc täa ®é h¬n_x000D_ ®é_x000D_ êng_x000D_




gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_

50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_



NÕu ®èi thñ cña chóng ta Lîng b¸n ch¨n cña chóng ta Chóng ta quyÕt ®Þnh
t¨ng gi¸ th× lîng b¸n cña n¨m ngo¸i gi¶m lµ do thêi gi¶m gi¸ b¸n do ®ã lîng
chóng ta sÏ t¨ng gÊp tiÕt mïa ®«ng kh«ng b×nh b¸n cña chóng ta t¨ng lªn
®«i_x000D_ thêng_x000D_ ®¸ng kÓ._x000D_

CÇu hoµn toµn co






5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_

MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


T¨ng cÇu vÒ ng« nÕu ng« lµ T¨ng cÇu vÒ ng« nÕu ng« lµ
hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp_x000D_ hµng ho¸ th«ng th T¨ng cung vÒ
_x000D_ êng_x000D_ ng«_x000D_

1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_





t¨ng lªn
P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_

Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng



10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_

$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
1250 625 700
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
0 2 26
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_

P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_




_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_



BÊt kú gi¸ hµng hãa A t¨ng

lªn bao nhiªu ®Òu dÉn ®Õn l
Gi¸ hµng hãa A t¨ng 5% dÉn îng_x000D_ Gi¸ hµng hãa A t¨ng lªn
®Õn lîng cÇu vÒ A gi¶m cÇu vÒ hµng hãa A gi¶m 5% kh«ng lµm lîng cÇu vÒ
10%._x000D_ 1%._x000D_ A thay ®æi._x000D_

Cã thÓ chØ khi h·ng gi÷

mét b»ng s¸ng chÕ vÒ
Mét ®Æc trng c¬ b¶n cña Mét ®Æc trng c¬ b¶n cña s¶n phÈm mµ h·ng
®éc quyÒn _x000D_ thÞ trêng c¹nh tranh _x000D_ b¸n_x000D_

Hµng hãa thay

320 640 160
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
1250 625 700

0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_

P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_




12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_





Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_

360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_



0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_


Doanh thu cËn biªn b»ng T¹i ®ã doanh thu cËn biªn
Chi phÝ tèi thiÓu kh«ng b»ng chi phÝ cËn biªn
hoÆc rót lui




gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_





Lín h¬n 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_
Thu nhËp vµ gi¸ cña hµng

Thu nhËp_x000D_ Gi¸ cña hµng hãa_x000D_ hãa_x000D_

2000$_x000D_ 28000$_x000D_ 15000$_x000D_


vµo lao ®éng.

xuÊt thay thÕ


P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_

P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_




Gi¸ quýt sÏ gi¶m Gi¸ quýt sÏ kh«ng ®æi Gi¸ quýt sÏ t¨ng
Gi¸ hµng ho¸ bæ sung cho X Thu nhËp vµ cÇu hµng ho¸ X Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ cho
t¨ng sÏ lµm gi¶m cÇu hµng cã mèi quan hÖ ngîc X t¨ng sÏ lµm t¨ng cÇu
ho¸ X_x000D_ chiÒu_x000D_ hµng ho¸ X_x000D_

Chi phÝ cËn biªn ®ang S¶n phÈm trung b×nh

t¨ng_x000D_ S¶n phÈm cËn biªn ®ang ®ang gi¶m_x000D_
gi¶m
Sù thay ®æi trong tæng s¶n Sù thay ®æi trong tæng s¶n
phÈm do sö dông thªm 1 ®¬n phÈm do sö dông thªm 1 Tæng s¶n phÈm chia cho
vÞ lao ®éng, víi lîng vèn ®¬n vÞ vèn, víi lîng lao tæng sè vèn sö dông, víi
kh«ng ®æi ®éng kh«ng ®æi lao ®éng kh«ng ®æi

®éng gi¶m
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
1250 625 700
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_



c©n b»ng

_x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_

1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_
ATC thÊp h¬n MC tøc lµ ATC MC t¨ng tøc lµ ATC ATC gi¶m tøc lµ MC n»m
®ang t¨ng_x000D_ t¨ng_x000D_ díi ATC_x000D_


_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_

xuÊt thay thÕ


t¨ng lªn
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_
P = 80, Q = 10
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
1250 625 700
+ 0,5_x000D_ - 0,5_x000D_ +2,0_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_






©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
Sè lîng hµng hãa Y mµ ngêi
tiªu dïng s½n sµng thay thÕ
Sè lîng hµng hãa Y thay thÕ cho hµng hãa X ®Ó vÉn thu Tû lÖ thay thÕ kh¶ thi víi
cho hµng hãa X cña mét ngêi ®îc møc tháa m·n nh gi¸ cña çc hµng hãa lµ
tiªu dïng_x000D_ cò_x000D_ cho tríc_x000D_

Çc chi phÝ kinh


_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
1250 625 700
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
0 2 26

FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.
_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

Gi¸ hµng ho¸ cµng cao th× l Gi¸ vµ lîng cung cã mèi
îng cÇu cµng gi¶m_x000D_ Gi¸ hµng ho¸ cµng cao th× l quan hÖ thuËn
_x000D_ îng cung cµng gi¶m_x000D_ chiÒu_x000D_

Lîng cung khi gi¸ cña b¶n

Lîng cÇu khi cung thay Lîng cung khi cÇu thay th©n hµng hãa thay
®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_

10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_
Çc kÕt hîp vèn vµ lao ®éng

kh¸c nhau ®Ó s¶n xuÊt mét l Çc kÕt hîp vèn vµ lao ®éng
îng s¶n phÈm ®Çu ra cè kh¸c nhau ®Ó s¶n xuÊt mét lS¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña
®Þnh_x000D_ îng s¶n phÈm ®Çu ra ngµy lao ®éng so víi gi¸ lao
_x000D_ cµng t¨ng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_

hoÆc rót lui


5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
1250 625 700
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_



_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng

®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_




dÞch vô ®Çu ra
Hµng hãa thay

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_

P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P

Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_







c©n b»ng
®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ b»ng 0._x000D_






P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_

L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_








h¶o
10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_
MR = MC _x000D_
_x000D_ MR = 0_x000D_ MR > 0 _x000D_



biªn lao ®éng.
P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_
cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_



P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_

Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q

P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

C¬ chÕ mÖnh




10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_
Doanh thu Chi phÝ Lîi nhuËn


tè ®Çu vµo
t¨ng lªn
320 640 160
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_


C¬ chÕ mÖnh
T¨ng sè lîng ngêi tiªu Gi¶m gi¸ rîu s©m banh Gi¶m gi¸ rîu vang (hµng
dïng_x000D_ (hµng ho¸ thay thÕ)_x000D_ ho¸ thay thÕ)_x000D_





gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_

3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.







Mét ®êng ®ång lîng t¹i

Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ lín h¬n Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ ë ®iÓm ®iÓm cùc ®¹i cña
®êng ®ång lîng_x000D_ cùc tiÓu cña nã_x000D_ nã_x000D_
§ang thu lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ

_x000D_ Nªn gi¶m s¶n lîng _x000D_ Nªn t¨ng s¶n lîng _x000D_
Lîng b¸n cña mét h·ng

Mçi h·ng ®èi diÖn víi ®êng Çc h·ng ®Òu cã môc tiªu tèi kh«ng t¸c ®éng ®¸ng kÓ
cÇu dèc xuèng_x000D_ ®a hãa lîi nhuËn_x000D_ ®Õn h·ng kh¸c_x000D_
Hä cã thÓ cho thuª lao ®éng TiÒn l¬ng tr¶ cho ngêi lao Lîi nhuËn t¨ng thªm cña
nµy víi gi¸ kh«ng nhiÒu h¬n ®éng b»ng chi phÝ cËn biªn viÖc thuª thªm lao ®éng
gi¸ hä tr¶ cho ngêi lao ®éng cña qu¸ tr×nh s¶n nµy b»ng víi doanh thu
®ã._x000D_ xuÊt._x000D_ gia t¨ng do lao ®éng nµy
t¹o ra.



320 640 160
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
+ 0,5_x000D_ - 0,5_x000D_ +2,0_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_



®ãng cöa_x000D_


T¨ng cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_ Gi¶m cÇu_x000D_ T¨ng lîng cÇu_x000D_
Xe m¸y míi._x000D_ «t« Toyota míi._x000D_ §Çu DVD._x000D_


_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_

3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
Tµi n¨ng kinh




Çc chi phÝ kinh

GÆp ®êng cÇu hoµn toµn co S¶n xuÊt nhiÒu h¬n s¶n lîng S¶n xuÊt Ýt h¬n s¶n lîng
gi·n _x000D_ tèi thiÓu hãa ATC_x000D_ tèi thiÓu hãa ATC_x000D_
®éng gi¶m



4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_




_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_


®éng gi¶m

4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_




TÊt c¶ çc ®Çu vµo ®Òu biÕn ChØ quy m« nhµ xëng lµ cè TÊt c¶ çc ®Çu vµo ®Òu
®æi_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_ cè ®Þnh_x000D_
Sù thay ®æi tæng doanh thu

Gi¸ kh«ng ®æi khi lîng b¸n b»ng gi¸ nh©n víi sù thay Doanh thu cËn biªn b»ng
thay ®æi_x000D_ ®æi lîng b¸n_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.




gi·n._x000D_ xØ._x000D_ vÞ._x000D_
§iÓm kÕt hîp tiªu dïng tèt §é dèc cña ®êng ng©n s¸ch §é dèc cña ®êng ng©n
nhÊt vÉn gi÷ nguyªn_x000D_ t¨ng lªn_x000D_ s¸ch gi¶m xuèng_x000D_
Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng gi¸ vµ Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng gi¸ vµ
gi¸ lín h¬n chi phÝ biÕn ®æi gi¸ lín h¬n chi phÝ cè ®Þnh
b×nh qu©n tèi thiÓu_x000D_ b×nh qu©n tèi Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh
_x000D_ thiÓu_x000D_ qu©n tèi thiÓu_x000D_



xuÊt thay thÕ


200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_





I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

8 2 10



Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_


C¬ chÕ mÖnh
Tån t¹i nÕu gi¸ thÊp h¬n gi¸ Lµ phÇn chªnh lÖch gi÷a lîng Lµ phÇn chªnh lÖch gi÷a l
c©n b»ng_x000D_ c©n b»ng vµ lîng îng cÇu vµ lîng c©n
_x000D_ cung_x000D_ b»ng_x000D_
Tæng doanh thu tõ viÖc

Tæng doanh thu tõ b¸n A t¨ng Tæng doanh thu tõ viÖc b¸n b¸n A gi¶m ta kÕt luËn
ta kÕt luËn cÇu vÒ A lµ co A gi¶m ta kÕt luËn cÇu vÒ A cÇu vÒ A lµ co
gi·n._x000D_ lµ Ýt co gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_
Hµng ho¸ thiÕt


h¶o
Sù t¨ng lªn cña tæng chi
Tæng chi phÝ chia cho s¶n l Sù t¨ng lªn cña tæng chi phÝ phÝ chia cho sù t¨ng lªn
îng_x000D_ chia cho sù gia t¨ng cña s¶n lcña cña lao ®éng, víi lîng
_x000D_ îng_x000D_ vèn kh«ng ®æi_x000D_

biªn



Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283






B»ng 1._x000D_ cïng._x000D_ B»ng 0._x000D_

®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_

HiÖu suÊt kh«ng ®æi theo HiÖu suÊt gi¶m theo quy
quy m« HiÖu suÊt t¨ng theo quy m« m«




CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
825 1575 1225
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_



®ãng cöa_x000D_



gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_





_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra

_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_



Tæng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh cña Tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
B»ng 0_x000D_ h·ng_x000D_ cña h·ng_x000D_

Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_

P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q

MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_







Lín h¬n 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_

10%._x000D_ 1%._x000D_ A thay ®æi._x000D_

Çc ®êng ATC, AVC, AFC t¹i Çc ®êng ATC, AFC t¹i ®iÓm Çc ®êng AVC, AFC t¹i
®iÓm cùc tiÓu cña mçi ® cùc tiÓu cña mçi ® ®iÓm cùc tiÓu cña mçi ®
êng_x000D_ êng_x000D_ êng_x000D_




P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_

0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2

P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3



®ãng cöa_x000D_


cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_




_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Hµng hãa thay


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q

Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_
Thay ®æi c«ng



§êng chi phÝ cËn biªn c¾t ® Khi chi phÝ cËn biªn ë phÝa Khi chi phÝ cËn biªn ë
êng tæng chi phÝ trung b×nh trªn cña ®êng chi phÝ biÕn phÝa trªn cña ®êng tæng
vµ ®êng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi ®æi trung b×nh, chi phÝ chi phÝ trung b×nh, tæng
trung b×nh ë ®iÓm cùc ®¹i biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®ang chi phÝ trung b×nh ®ang
cña chóng t¨ng t¨ng


Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_

$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3

®ãng cöa_x000D_








Hµng hãa thay


P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_

551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


®ãng cöa_x000D_

cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_


c©n b»ng



h¶o
100$ 110$ 200$

P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_









Giai ®o¹n s¶n xuÊt ph¶i lµ Giai ®o¹n s¶n xuÊt ph¶i lµ Çc ®èi thñ ph¶i kh«ng
ng¾n h¹n_x000D_ dµi h¹n_x000D_ tån t¹i_x000D_



P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_

P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



®ãng cöa_x000D_

Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_







Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_

0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



®ãng cöa_x000D_




_x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_

0,1$ 1$ 0,5$


Hµng hãa thay

320 640 160

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2500 1250 1400
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_

Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_


_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng






t¹o ra.

CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_



10%._x000D_ 1%._x000D_ A thay ®æi._x000D_



xuÊt thay thÕ


5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_

10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_







Thay ®æi trong thu nhËp

Thay ®æi trong gi¸ chia cho Thay ®æi trong lîng cÇu chia chia cho phÇn tr¨m thay
phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi trong thu cho phÇn tr¨m thay ®æi ®æi trong lîng
nhËp._x000D_ trong thu nhËp._x000D_ cÇu._x000D_





gi¸


t¨ng lªn
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
1/5 5/1 1/1
Tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi céng Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng sù Tæng chi phÝ trung b×nh
tæng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh b»ng thay ®æi tæng chi phÝ chia b»ng tæng chi phÝ chia
tæng chi phÝ cho sù thay ®æi s¶n lîng cho s¶n lîng



gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_


Hµng ho¸ ®éc



Cao h¬n tèi ®a víi tû lÖ gi¸

cña lao ®éng so víi gi¸ cña B»ng tû lÖ gi¸ cña lao ®éng
vèn_x000D_ so víi gi¸ cña vèn_x000D_ Lµ cùc ®¹i_x000D_


_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_

biªn lao ®éng.


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_

MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_

Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_
Lîng cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Lîng cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh Lîng cung s¸ch gi¸o tr×nh
gi¶m_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ kh«ng thay ®æi._x000D_
Thay ®æi c«ng

®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ b»ng 0._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_






Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_





Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

Tæng doanh thu thay ®æi

Ngêi tiªu dïng thÝch mua nhthÕ nµo khi gi¸ thay Ngêi s¶n xuÊt thÝch gi¸
hµng ho¸ rÎ tiÒn._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ cao._x000D_



_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_


Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_

P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_



I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

h¶o


t¨ng lªn
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10

CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_

25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_


Hµng ho¸ thiÕt

1/5 5/1 1/1

_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_


t¨ng lªn
P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_

4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_


cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
Sù t¨ng lªn cña cÇu kÕt

hîp víi sù gi¶m xuèng cña
C¶ cung vµ cÇu ®Òu t¨ng C¶ cung vµ cÇu ®Òu gi¶m cung






P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_








t¹o ra.
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1

P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_



©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_

gi¶m




P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_

Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_
Q= 6; P=6
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_


gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_


cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


©m._x000D_ d¬ng._x000D_ lµ ©m._x000D_




CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
1250 625 700
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_

Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4

5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_

Kinh tÕ thùc
_x000D_ êng_x000D_ ng«_x000D_

10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_

_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra


320 640 160
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_



_x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_

®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_






P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2500 1250 1400
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_

0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_






©m._x000D_ d¬ng._x000D_ lµ ©m._x000D_
Hµng ho¸ thiÕt




_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_


xuÊt thay thÕ


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
1250 625 700
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
13_x000D_ 14_x000D_ 15_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_




Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

Kinh tÕ thùc


0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
HiÖu suÊt t¨ng theo quy HiÖu suÊt kh«ng ®æi theo HiÖu suÊt gi¶m theo quy
m«_x000D_ quy m«_x000D_ m«_x000D_


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_







P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_





t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_


$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_
Hµng hãa thay


320 640 160

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_

P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_








12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_
Çc chi phÝ kinh

MRS = MPK/MPL_x000D_
MRTS = MPL/MPK_x000D_ _x000D_ K = TC/r - (w/r)L_x000D_

Çc h·ng ph¶i xem xÐt

Çc h·ng t¬ng ®èi lín so víi hµnh vi cña çc ®èi thñ
thÞ trêng nªn kh«ng cÇn xem Çc h·ng phô thuéc lÉn nhau do ®èi thñ cña hä còng t
xÐt hµnh vi cña çc ®èi thñ do chØ cã Ýt h·ng trong ¬ng ®èi lín so víi tßan
c¹nh tranh _x000D_ ngµnh_x000D_ ngµnh_x000D_


t¨ng lªn
320 640 160

CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_


C¬ chÕ mÖnh

B»ng kh«ng._x000D_ Gi÷a kh«ng vµ 1._x000D_ Mét._x000D_
1/5 5/1 1/1





5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P

MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_

gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_


CÇu hoµn toµn co







_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Hµng hãa thay


CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi
T¨ng gi¸
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25

L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_

t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
Gi¸ cña phÇn mÒm çc ®èi

thñ sÏ gi¶m lµm t¨ng lîng
Gi¸ cña tÊt c¶ çc m¸y tÝnh sÏ c©n b»ng cña çc phÇn Gi¸ cña mäi phÇn mÒm
t¨ng_x000D_ mÒm_x000D_ ®Òu t¨ng_x000D_

Sù dÔ dµng thay thÕ gi÷a çc Tû lÖ cña thu nhËp chi cho Kho¶ng thêi gian kÓ tõ
hµng hãa._x000D_ hµng hãa ®ang xÐt._x000D_ khi gi¸ thay ®æi._x000D_


h¶o
100.000$_x000D_ 95.000$_x000D_ 195.000$_x000D_


biªn


P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_






c©n b»ng


Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung b×nh S¶n phÈm cËn biªn ®ang
Chi phÝ cËn biªn ®ang t¨ng ®ang gi¶m gi¶m





Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_




Co gi·n theo thu nhËp Kh«ng co gi·n theo thu

Co gi·n theo gi¸._x000D_ ©m._x000D_ nhËp._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

h¶o

hoÆc rót lui


ngang

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_




®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ b»ng 0._x000D_
§êng ®ång lîng §êng ®ång phÝ §êng ®ång lîi nhuËn
_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_



P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_

AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_





c©n b»ng

12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_



®éng gi¶m


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_





_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra
Hµng hãa thay


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10

Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
825 1575 1225
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
Lµm t¨ng chi phÝ s¶n

Lµm gi¶m cÇu ®èi víi lóa Lµm t¨ng cÇu ®èi víi lóa xuÊt lóa



Mét ®êng ®ång lîng t¹i
Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ lín h¬n Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ ë ®iÓm ®iÓm cùc ®¹i cña
®êng ®ång lîng_x000D_ cùc tiÓu cña nã_x000D_ nã_x000D_

gi¸

Çc ç nh©n kh¸c nhau cã çc

nguån lùc gièng nhau_x000D_ Gi¸ yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt do chÝnh Çc hé gia ®×nh cã
_x000D_ phñ x¸c ®Þnh_x000D_ nhiÒu con _x000D_
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
1250 625 700
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
0 2 26

500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_


gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_


Hµng ho¸ ®éc



10000$_x000D_ 20000$_x000D_ 30000$_x000D_




P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_

0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283

_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

Dthõa thÞ trêng t¹i møc gi¸ Lîng cung lín h¬n lîng cÇu
hiÖn t¹i_x000D_ Gi¸ hiÖn t¹i cao h¬n gi¸ c©n t¹i møc gi¸ hiÖn
_x000D_ b»ng_x000D_ t¹i_x000D_


gi¶m xuèng xuèng
MPL/MPK = w/r_x000D_ MPL = MPK_x000D_ L = K_x000D_



xuÊt thay thÕ

t¨ng lªn
P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_



C¬ chÕ mÖnh

_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng






_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
1250 625 700
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_

0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_
gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_
T¨ng_x000D_ Gi¶m_x000D_ Kh«ng thay ®æi_x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_





_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
ngang


P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
P=9; Q=3 P= 8; Q=4 P=7; Q=5
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_
1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_


_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_



Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_


Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ cho Cµ ThÞ hiÕu ®èi víi Cµ phª Çc nhµ s¶n xuÊt ChÌ
phª Trung Nguyªn t¨ng Trung Nguyªn thay Lipton qu¶ng ço cho s¶n
lªn._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ phÈm cña hä._x000D_


1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_



vµo lao ®éng.


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_

FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.
_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_


gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_

I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_





_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
ngang

P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_

551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
P=9; Q=3 P= 8; Q=4 P=7; Q=5
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_

Hµng ho¸ ®éc
Xe m¸y míi._x000D_ «t« Toyota míi._x000D_ §Çu DVD._x000D_



4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
0 2 26
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_




C¬ chÕ mÖnh

_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_


hoÆc rót lui


ngang


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

_x000D_ êng_x000D_ ng«_x000D_



_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_


Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_

0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_

MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.





Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_







_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283








h¶o





P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
13_x000D_ 14_x000D_ 15_x000D_
2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_




h¶o



gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_






10%._x000D_ 1%._x000D_ A thay ®æi._x000D_



vµo lao ®éng.
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
2500 1250 1400
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_

MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_


§êng cung cña nhµ s¶n xuÊt C¶ ®êng cung vµ cÇu

§êng cÇu cña nhµ s¶n xuÊt dÞch chuyÓn lªn ®Òu dÞch chuyÓn lªn
dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn._x000D_ trªn._x000D_ trªn._x000D_

1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_




®éng gi¶m

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_

22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_

t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_

_x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_
Hµng ho¸ thiÕt



2000$_x000D_ 28000$_x000D_ 15000$_x000D_



gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
1250 625 700

0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1

MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_

©m._x000D_ d¬ng._x000D_ lµ ©m._x000D_



vµo lao ®éng.
xuÊt thay thÕ


200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
1250 625 700
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_




cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


h¶o
10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_

$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4

L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_






_x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_

0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
§êng chi phÝ cËn biªn c¾t ® Khi chi phÝ cËn biªn ë phÝa Khi chi phÝ cËn biªn ë
êng tæng chi phÝ trung b×nh trªn cña ®êng chi phÝ biÕn phÝa trªn cña ®êng tæng
vµ ®êng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi ®æi trung b×nh, chi phÝ chi phÝ trung b×nh, tæng
trung b×nh ë ®iÓm cùc ®¹i biÕn ®æi trung b×nh ®ang chi phÝ trung b×nh ®ang
cña chóng t¨ng t¨ng
8 2 10



8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
2500 1250 1400
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q

P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283


®ãng cöa_x000D_

Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

C¬ chÕ mÖnh
Thay ®æi c«ng


S÷a C« g¸i Hµ
S÷a._x000D_ lan._x000D_
S÷a Vinamilk






P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_

CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
1250 625 700
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_

Kinh tÕ thùc



I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

2000$_x000D_ 28000$_x000D_ 15000$_x000D_
T¹i ®ã doanh thu cËn biªn T¹i ®ã doanh thu cËn biªn
Cµng nhiÒu cµng tèt b»ng chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng chi phÝ trung b×nh

hoÆc rót lui
t¹o ra.



t¨ng lªn
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_

10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_





Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_

cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
Kinh tÕ thùc



Lín h¬n 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_



Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_






10000$_x000D_ 20000$_x000D_ 30000$_x000D_






320 640 160

CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_

55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.




gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_



S¶n phÈm cña çc h·ng lµ §êng cÇu hoµn toµn co gi·n
®ång nhÊt_x000D_ ®èi víi mçi h·ng_x000D_ V« sè h·ng, mçi h·ng b¸n
mét phÇn rÊt nhá
vµo lao ®éng.


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_

Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


B»ng kh«ng._x000D_ Gi÷a kh«ng vµ 1._x000D_ Mét._x000D_


10000$_x000D_ 20000$_x000D_ 30000$_x000D_


CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.




Thay ®æi c«ng


0,1$ 1$ 0,5$



Hµng hãa thay


CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25

P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

C¬ chÕ mÖnh
_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng




gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q

50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


VËn ®éng vÒ phÝa trªn

DÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu sang DÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu sang (bªn tr¸i) ®êng
ph¶i_x000D_ tr¸i_x000D_ cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_





_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_

Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q

MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4


gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_




1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_





gi¸


_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
MR= 50- P MR=50-2P MR= 100- 2Q
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3











biªn lao ®éng.

8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_

55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.









xuÊt thay thÕ


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_

P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_


gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_


Hµng ho¸ thiÕt

12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_

Ngµnh s¶n xuÊt níc gi¶i Ngµnh s¶n xuÊt

ThÞ trêng g¹o_x000D_ kh¸t_x000D_ «t«_x000D_

P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
1250 625 700
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_

$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_






cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_

c©n b»ng




h¶o
100$ 110$ 200$


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_
P = 80, Q = 10
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




A vµ B lµ hai hµng ho¸ bæ A vµ B lµ hai hµng ho¸ thay
sung trong tiªu dïng thÕ trong tiªu dïng B lµ hµng ho¸ cÊp thÊp

S÷a C« g¸i Hµ
S÷a._x000D_ lan._x000D_
S÷a Vinamilk




vµo lao ®éng.



P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_

551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
P=9; Q=3 P= 8; Q=4 P=7; Q=5
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_



t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_





Çc chi phÝ kinh


_x000D_ nµo_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

t¹o ra.

_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_

3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_






Tµi n¨ng kinh



T¨ng cung



h¶o
Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi t¨ng

Tæng chi phÝ t¨ng khi t¨ng Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh t¨ng khi khi thuª thªm mét ®¬n
thªm mét ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vµo thuª thªm mét ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vÞ ®Çu vµo lao
lao ®éng_x000D_ vµo lao ®éng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_



P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4

5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_



_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng

Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi t¨ng

Tæng chi phÝ t¨ng khi t¨ng Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh t¨ng khi khi thuª thªm mét ®¬n
thªm mét ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vµo thuª thªm mét ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vÞ ®Çu vµo lao
lao ®éng_x000D_ vµo lao ®éng_x000D_ ®éng_x000D_
_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_



5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_

P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_
_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_



T¨ng cung

Hµng ho¸ thiÕt


Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng gi¸ vµ Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng gi¸ vµ
gi¸ lín h¬n chi phÝ biÕn ®æi gi¸ lín h¬n chi phÝ cè ®Þnh
b×nh qu©n tèi thiÓu_x000D_ b×nh qu©n tèi Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi b×nh
_x000D_ thiÓu_x000D_ qu©n tèi thiÓu_x000D_

P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_


m«_x000D_ quy m«_x000D_ m«_x000D_



xuÊt thay thÕ

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =

1250 625 700
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
13_x000D_ 14_x000D_ 15_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_





xuÊt thay thÕ


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_


gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_






Pe = 8 vµ Qe =

+ 0,5_x000D_ - 0,5_x000D_ +2,0_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q

MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_




_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_




c©n b»ng
B»ng 1._x000D_ cïng._x000D_ B»ng 0._x000D_

®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_


gi¶m



5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
825 1575 1225

0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_

Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_
Q= 6; P=6
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_











t¹o ra.


CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3


®ãng cöa_x000D_




©m._x000D_ yÕu._x000D_ cÊp._x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_
_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_
Hµng hãa thay


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_

X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_











xuÊt thay thÕ


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_

P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_


gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


Lµm t¨ng chi phÝ s¶n

Lµm gi¶m cÇu ®èi víi lóa Lµm t¨ng cÇu ®èi víi lóa xuÊt lóa


gi·n._x000D_ xØ._x000D_ vÞ._x000D_




Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_

500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_








gi·n._x000D_ xØ._x000D_ vÞ._x000D_

100.000$_x000D_ 95.000$_x000D_ 195.000$_x000D_



_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_

dÞch vô ®Çu ra

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_







0,1$ 1$ 0,5$



dÞch vô ®Çu ra


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_

400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_



®ãng cöa_x000D_



PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi nhá PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi lín trong
trong gi¸ dÉn ®Õn phÇn tr¨m gi¸ dÉn ®Õn phÇn tr¨m thay
thay ®æi_x000D_ ®æi _x000D_ Hµng hãa lµ th«ng th
lín trong lîng cung._x000D_ nhá trong lîng cung._x000D_ êng._x000D_

h¶o




P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_


200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
1250 625 700
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_

P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_




12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_



gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
1250 625 700
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_







P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q

P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_





Gi¶m vµ tæng doanh thu sÏ Gi¶m vµ tæng doanh thu sÏ T¨ng vµ tæng doanh thu
t¨ng._x000D_ gi¶m._x000D_ sÏ t¨ng._x000D_


biªn



5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q=100; P= 150_x000D_ Q=150; P= 100_x000D_ Q=100; P= 100_x000D_
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



Tµi n¨ng kinh


Çc chi phÝ kinh





P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_



S÷a C« g¸i Hµ
S÷a._x000D_ lan._x000D_
S÷a Vinamilk




Hµng hãa thay



200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_

P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_







Hµng ho¸ thiÕt



gi¶m xuèng xuèng




P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_

Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
P=9; Q=3 P= 8; Q=4 P=7; Q=5
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.





10000$_x000D_ 20000$_x000D_ 30000$_x000D_





gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_

0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4

L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_




h¶o
Ph¬ng ph¸p s¶n xuÊt Ýt chi Ph¬ng ph¸p s¶n xuÊt Ýt chi Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn
phÝ nhÊt ®· ®îc t×m phÝ nhÊt cha ®îc t×m b»ng gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña
thÊy_x000D_ thÊy_x000D_ çc ®Çu vµo_x000D_



P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_





C¬ chÕ mÖnh

_x000D_ b»ng_x000D_ t¹i_x000D_
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

h¶o





dÞch vô ®Çu ra


320 640 160
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2

Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_





cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_



h¶o
10$_x000D_ 20$_x000D_ 22$_x000D_


$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_

CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_



C¬ chÕ mÖnh
1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_

MR = MC _x000D_
_x000D_ MR = 0_x000D_ MR > 0 _x000D_


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_

3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_







t¨ng_x000D_ 0_x000D_ 0_x000D_


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.





t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_

0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
Chi phÝ cËn biªn gi¶m

N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn gi¶m dÇn_x000D_
dÇn_x000D_ _x000D_ HiÖu suÊt gi¶m dÇn theo
quy m«
100$ 110$ 200$


8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,32_x000D_ L= 0,42_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_







320 640 160

3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_

MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_




t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_



h¶o
gi¶m xuèng xuèng


_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_


320 640 160
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q= 30; P = 92_x000D_ Q= 32; P = 90_x000D_ Q= 30; P = 62_x000D_
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_






®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_




_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
1250 625 700
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
P=75_x000D_ P=25_x000D_ P=65_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_


cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
C¬ chÕ mÖnh

I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_





5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_

8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
2500 1250 1400
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
Q=1,5; P= 8,5_x000D_ Q=1; P= 10_x000D_ Q=1,5; P= 7,5_x000D_









P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
1250 625 700
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_


12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_



vµo lao ®éng.

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
1250 625 700
0,023._x000D_ 0,075._x000D_ - 0,057._x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_



1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_


Çc chi phÝ kinh


_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25








Hµng ho¸ thiÕt


gi¶m xuèng xuèng



P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
P=9; Q=3 P= 8; Q=4 P=7; Q=5
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



Tµi n¨ng kinh

_x000D_ b»ng_x000D_ t¹i_x000D_

_x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_
12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_




_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_


Pe = 55 vµ Qe =

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
1250 625 700
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_







gi¶m xuèng xuèng




xuÊt thay thÕ
Hµng hãa thay

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_

L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_







t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_


_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_

1/5 5/1 1/1

gi¶m
_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_

P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_

X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_




VËn ®éng vÒ phÝa trªn
DÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu sang DÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu sang (bªn tr¸i) ®êng
ph¶i_x000D_ tr¸i_x000D_ cÇu_x000D_


h¶o
100.000$_x000D_ 95.000$_x000D_ 195.000$_x000D_


xuÊt thay thÕ


5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_

m«_x000D_ quy m«_x000D_ m«_x000D_
Ph¬ng ph¸p s¶n xuÊt Ýt chi Ph¬ng ph¸p s¶n xuÊt Ýt chi Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn
phÝ nhÊt ®· ®îc t×m phÝ nhÊt cha ®îc t×m b»ng gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña
thÊy_x000D_ thÊy_x000D_ çc ®Çu vµo_x000D_



gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_

Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_










vµo lao ®éng.


360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P

MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_



Thay ®æi c«ng


1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_





5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MR= 200 - Q MR= 200 - 2Q MR=200 - P
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_






Thay ®æi c«ng

10000$_x000D_ 20000$_x000D_ 30000$_x000D_



CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 40, Q = 30_x000D_
P = 20, Q = 50_x000D_ P = 50, Q = 20_x000D_ _x000D_
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_












xuÊt thay thÕ

gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_

360_x000D_ 360_x000D_ 600_x000D_
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_
Ep = -1,2_x000D_ Ep = -3,2_x000D_
Ep = -2,0
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_






1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_



Çc chi phÝ kinh




_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_


P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
0,5_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_ gi¸ lµ 1,33_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
AR= 12-Q AR=12-2Q AR=12-P
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25




t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_


Hµng ho¸ thiÕt
12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_




P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
1250 625 700
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_

Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q

L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_














P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
600$_x000D_ 180$ _x000D_ 420$_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P

2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_
-0,01_x000D_ -0,1_x000D_ 0,01_x000D_



®ãng cöa_x000D_


I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_





_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
5_x000D_ 4_x000D_ 3_x000D_

Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
P = 351, Q= 149_x000D_ P = 378, Q= 122_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_





Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ cho Cµ ThÞ hiÕu ®èi víi Cµ phª
phª Trung Nguyªn t¨ng Gi¸ Cµ phª Trung Nguyªn Trung Nguyªn thay
lªn._x000D_ gi¶m xuèng._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_


0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_

h¶o

_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_


vµo lao ®éng.
P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
Q=100; P= 200_x000D_ Q=150; P= 150_x000D_ Q=100; P= 150_x000D_
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
Q=0,5; P= 12,5_x000D_ Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_ Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_

5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_




10%._x000D_ 1%._x000D_ A thay ®æi._x000D_









P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_









c©n b»ng

_x000D_ 1._x000D_ B»ng 1._x000D_

gi¶m xuèng xuèng

t¹o ra.


200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
1250 625 700
0,5._x000D_ - 0,5 ._x000D_ 1._x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_






0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_
12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_

biªn


vµo lao ®éng.

xuÊt thay thÕ

Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_

P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_





I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_




_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4

3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
C¬ chÕ mÖnh


1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu nhá h¬n 1._x000D_

TÊt c¶ çc ®Çu vµo ®Òu biÕn ChØ quy m« nhµ xëng lµ cè TÊt c¶ çc ®Çu vµo ®Òu
®æi_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_ cè ®Þnh_x000D_

Hµng hãa thay


Pe = 55 vµ Qe =
P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_

CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =
125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_
0_x000D_ 0,1_x000D_ 2,0_x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_

MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283


®ãng cöa_x000D_




MR = MC _x000D_
_x000D_ MR = 0_x000D_ MR > 0 _x000D_

$7_x000D_
$27_x000D_ _x000D_ $57_x000D_

P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
$0,1 _x000D_ $1_x000D_ $0,5_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_

L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


Gi¸ hµng ho¸ bæ sung cho X Thu nhËp vµ cÇu hµng ho¸ X Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ cho
t¨ng sÏ lµm gi¶m cÇu hµng cã mèi quan hÖ ngîc X t¨ng sÏ lµm t¨ng cÇu
ho¸ X_x000D_ chiÒu_x000D_ hµng ho¸ X_x000D_
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ 1._x000D_



Chi phÝ cËn biªn tèi Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung
thiÓu_x000D_ b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_ b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_




gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 75_x000D_ 60_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe = 70
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_

X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
P=9; Q=3 P= 8; Q=4 P=7; Q=5
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_

360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_
-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_









®éng gi¶m

P=15, Q= 40_x000D_ P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=20, Q= 50_x000D_

CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
1250 625 700
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_








_x000D_ biªn _x000D_ _x000D_

xuÊt thay thÕ


200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

19_x000D_ 28_x000D_ 38_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q

500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_


T¨ng cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_ Gi¶m cÇu_x000D_ T¨ng lîng cÇu_x000D_

Hµng ho¸ thiÕt
I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_




®éng gi¶m



200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_
0._x000D_ 1._x000D_ V« cïng._x000D_
Ep = -1,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,6_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_

19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_



T¨ng cung

I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_

gi¶m




P= 14; Q=8_x000D_ P= 16; Q=8_x000D_ P= 14; Q=10_x000D_
Pe = 8 vµ Qe =
+ 0,5_x000D_ - 0,5_x000D_ +2,0_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MR= 15 - 0,4P MR=15-10P MR=15-5Q
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_





®ãng cöa_x000D_



gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_
_x000D_ b»ng_x000D_ t¹i_x000D_
_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_




vµo lao ®éng.

xuÊt thay thÕ

5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
Q = 50, P = 15_x000D_ Q = 16, P = 40_x000D_ P = 16, Q = 40_x000D_
0,3_x000D_ 0,6_x000D_ 1,2_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

0 2 26
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 28_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
50_x000D_ 52_x000D_ 54_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
L= 0,30_x000D_ L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,24_x000D_



_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10
P=15; Q=7_x000D_ P=16; Q=7_x000D_ P=15; Q=8_x000D_

0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
X=30, Y= 30_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ _x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_

MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_
Tµi n¨ng kinh



CÇu hoµn toµn co






gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
Pe = 16 vµ Qe =
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

T¨ng gi¸
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
551_x000D_ 561_x000D_
731
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= 5Q+3 MC= 5Q MC=5Q+ 1
Q= 24; P= 26 _x000D_ Q= 25; P= 25_x000D_ Q= 26; P= 24_x000D_
3,7_x000D_ 3,8_x000D_ 3,6_x000D_

6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3






cã_x000D_ g×_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
Kinh tÕ thùc






P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_

P = 80, Q = 10

200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_ 1200_x000D_
46,875$_x000D_ 93,75$_x000D_ 187,5$_x000D_
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_

P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
Q= 60; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 61; P = 61_x000D_ Q= 62; P = 62_x000D_
AR=200-Q AR=100-0,5Q AR=200 - 0,5Q
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
50$._x000D_ 200$._x000D_ 100$._x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



®ãng cöa_x000D_







_x000D_ _x000D_ thÕ_x000D_

Ep = -1,5_x000D_ Ep = -2,5_x000D_ Ep = -3,5_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_
MR=122-P MR=122-2P MR=122-2Q
MR= 500- P MR= 500- 2P MR= 500-2Q
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_
5.000_x000D_ 10.000_x000D_ 15.000_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_

©m._x000D_ d¬ng._x000D_ lµ ©m._x000D_
CÇu lµ kh«ng co CÇu lµ kh«ng co gi·n theo

CÇu lµ co gi·n._x000D_ gi·n._x000D_ thu nhËp._x000D_


§Ó s¶n xuÊt mét møc s¶n l

Víi mét tæng chi phÝ nhÊt îng ®Çu ra nhÊt §Ó tèi ®a hãa tæng lîi
®Þnh_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_ nhuËn_x000D_
hoÆc rót lui


tè ®Çu vµo

P = 60, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 60_x000D_ P = 40, Q = 6_x000D_
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
1250 625 700
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_

$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
Q=26_x000D_ Q=28_x000D_ Q=29_x000D_
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 124$_x000D_ 224$_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
2300_x000D_ 2200_x000D_ 2100_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_

Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_



c©n b»ng


0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
§Ó s¶n xuÊt mét møc s¶n l

Víi mét tæng chi phÝ nhÊt îng ®Çu ra nhÊt §Ó tèi ®a hãa tæng lîi
®Þnh_x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_ nhuËn_x000D_


5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
4/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
825 1575 1225
0,05._x000D_ - 0,05._x000D_ 0,25._x000D_
Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
X=10, Y= 20_x000D_ X=30, Y= 30_x000D_ X=30, Y= 10_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
25_x000D_ 26_x000D_ 27_x000D_
P=25; Q=14_x000D_ P=30; Q=12_x000D_ P=25; Q=12_x000D_

Q=0,8; P= 11_x000D_ Q=0,9; P= 10,5_x000D_ Q=0,7; P= 11,5_x000D_
MC= Q+4 MC= 2Q+ 2 MC=2Q+4
13_x000D_ 14_x000D_ 15_x000D_
500$._x000D_ 50$._x000D_ = 350$._x000D_


®ãng cöa_x000D_
Tµi n¨ng kinh


_x000D_ gi¶m_x000D_
ThÞ hiÕu t¨ng


0,1$ 1$ 0,5$
Chi phÝ kinh tÕ lín h¬n chi Chi phÝ kinh tÕ nhá h¬n
_x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ øng._x000D_


gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 1012,5; PS = CS = 2025; PS =

2025_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_ 1012,5_x000D_
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_



_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
Gi¸ hµng ho¸ thay thÕ cho Cµ ThÞ hiÕu ®èi víi Cµ phª Çc nhµ s¶n xuÊt ChÌ
phª Trung Nguyªn t¨ng Trung Nguyªn thay Lipton qu¶ng ço cho s¶n
lªn._x000D_ ®æi._x000D_ phÈm cña hä._x000D_
12,5h_x000D_ 20h_x000D_ 50h_x000D_




P = 10, Q = 80_x000D_ P = 12, Q = 60_x000D_
P = 80, Q = 10
Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
Kh«ng thay ®æi

1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
$0_x000D_ $3_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_

P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
MC= 2Q+ 4 MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q+ 4
Q= 31; P =91_x000D_ Q= 29 ; P = 93_x000D_ Q=30 ; P =92_x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_






t¹o ra.
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ei= 0,5_x000D_ Ei= 3,5_x000D_ Ei= 2,5_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
500_x000D_ 550_x000D_ 560_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 150$_x000D_ 56$_x000D_

Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_
Q= 6; P=6
Q= 15; P= 35 _x000D_ Q= 14; P= 36_x000D_ Q= 12; P= 38_x000D_
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_


t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_


_x000D_ _x000D_ ®Þnh_x000D_
dÞch vô ®Çu ra
®éng gi¶m

320 640 160
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
CS = 250$, PS = CS = 125$, PS = CS = 125$, PS =

125$_x000D_ 125$_x000D_ 250$_x000D_

Ep = -0,6_x000D_ Ep = -2,0_x000D_ Ep = -3,6_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
P = 2_x000D_ P = 4_x000D_ P = 6_x000D_
Q=40_x000D_ Q=50_x000D_
Q=20
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
Q=7; P=5_x000D_ Q=8; P=4_x000D_

Q= 6; P=6
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 250, Q= 250_x000D_ P = 249, Q= 251_x000D_
L= 1,34_x000D_ L=2,34_x000D_ L=3,34_x000D_

6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_ qu©n._x000D_ biªn._x000D_
®ãng cöa_x000D_


1._x000D_ 1._x000D_ cÇu b»ng 1._x000D_

10%._x000D_ 1%._x000D_ A thay ®æi._x000D_

1/5 5/1 1/1


biªn lao ®éng.
gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
8_x000D_ 7_x000D_ 6_x000D_
2_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 3_x000D_
Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_

Kh«ng thay ®æi
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
0 2 26
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
P=2_x000D_ P=3_x000D_
P=1
400_x000D_ 500_x000D_ 600_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
MC= Q+1 MC= 2Q+1 MC= Q+2
L= 0,33_x000D_ L= 0,53_x000D_ L= 0,43_x000D_

22752_x000D_ 21500_x000D_ 21501_x000D_

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.



Gi¸ ©m_x000D_ _x000D_ îng ®ã_x000D_


I = 10R + 20C_x000D_ 50 = R + C_x000D_ 20I = R + 10C_x000D_


_x000D_ ®ã_x000D_ s¶n lîng ®ã_x000D_



5_x000D_ 10_x000D_ 40_x000D_
P=15, Q= 50_x000D_ P=50, Q=15_x000D_ P=15, Q=40_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = CS = 1200 vµ PS =
360_x000D_ 210_x000D_
CS = 600 vµ PS = 420
Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Q = 60, P = 8
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_
P=6_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_

Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
X=86 Y= 36 _x000D_ X=36, Y= 86_x000D_ X=26, Y= 96_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
P=40_x000D_ P=44_x000D_ P=48_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
AR=122-Q AR=122-2Q AR=122-P

-0,6_x000D_ -1,97_x000D_ -6_x000D_

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_



§êng cung cña nhµ s¶n xuÊt C¶ ®êng cung vµ cÇu
§êng cÇu cña nhµ s¶n xuÊt dÞch chuyÓn lªn ®Òu dÞch chuyÓn lªn
dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn._x000D_ trªn._x000D_ trªn._x000D_



gi¶m xuèng xuèng

MR = MC _x000D_
_x000D_ MR = 0_x000D_ MR > 0 _x000D_


dÞch vô ®Çu ra
xuÊt thay thÕ

320 640 160
CS = 1250 vµ PS =
450_x000D_ CS = 1350 vµ PS =
_x000D_ 400_x000D_
CS = 1350 vµ PS = 450
0,25._x000D_ 0,5._x000D_ 0,56._x000D_

Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -2_x000D_ Ep = -3_x000D_
1/5_x000D_ 5/1_x000D_ 1/1_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
19$_x000D_ _x000D_ 10_x000D_
MC= Q+ 2 MC= 2Q MC=2Q+2
P = 10, Q = 100._x000D_ P = 100, Q = 10. _x000D_ P = 60, Q = 14._x000D_
L= 0,36_x000D_ L= 0,56_x000D_ L= 0,46_x000D_

6,1_x000D_ 6,2_x000D_
6,3


_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_


t¹p_x000D_ h¹n._x000D_ _x000D_
_x000D_ êng_x000D_ ng«_x000D_
_x000D_ phÇn thuÕ._x000D_ 50%._x000D_







Q = 9, P = 90_x000D_ Q = 60, P = 8_x000D_ P = 9, Q = 90_x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_

$0_x000D_
_x000D_ $1_x000D_ $6_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
P = 1_x000D_ P = 21, Q = 10_x000D_ P = 10, Q = 21_x000D_
MR= 12- 2P MR= 24 - Q MR= 12- 2Q
P= 35 vµ Q=35 P= 25 vµ Q=35 P= 35 vµ Q=25
P= 2; Q=10_x000D_ P=10; Q=2_x000D_ P=8; Q=4_x000D_
360_x000D_ 370_x000D_ 380_x000D_



_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_

®ãng cöa_x000D_

Kinh tÕ thùc

gi¶m._x000D_ t¨ng._x000D_ 2._x000D_






gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_ gi¸_x000D_
CS = 980 vµ PS = CS = 980 vµ PS =
490_x000D_ 980_x000D_
CS = 490 vµ PS = 980
3_x000D_ 2_x000D_ 1_x000D_
0,1_x000D_ 0,4_x000D_ 2,7_x000D_
Ep = -2/3_x000D_ Ep = -1_x000D_ Ep = -3/4_x000D_
Y = 60 - 3X_x000D_ Y = 60 - 2X_x000D_ Y = 60 - X_x000D_
0_x000D_ 2_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_ P=8_x000D_ P=10_x000D_
Q= 26_x000D_
_x000D_ Q = 27_x000D_ Q = 28_x000D_
55_x000D_ 15_x000D_ 60_x000D_
100$_x000D_ 169$_x000D_ 69$_x000D_
MC= Q MC=2Q MC=Q+4
MR= 20 - 0,1Q MR= 20 - 0,2Q MR= 200 - 20P
1500_x000D_ 1400_x000D_ 1800_x000D_
284_x000D_ 285_x000D_
283

gi·n ®¬n vÞ.

t¨ng 7%_x000D_ 13,5%_x000D_ vµ 7%_x000D_

C¬ chÕ mÖnh

Thay ®æi c«ng



Chi phÝ kinh tÕ lín h¬n chi Chi phÝ kinh tÕ nhá h¬n


Pe = 60 vµ Qe = 45
2_x000D_ 3_x000D_
4

Kh«ng thay ®æi
Y/X_x000D_ X/Y_x000D_ X_x000D_
$3_x000D_ $4_x000D_ $6_x000D_
3_x000D_ 1_x000D_ 2_x000D_
10_x000D_ 12_x000D_ 8_x000D_
FC =100_x000D_ FC =150_x000D_ FC=200_x000D_
P=8_x000D_ P=6_x000D_ P=4_x000D_
MC = 100 MC = 100Q MC = 0
P = 376, Q= 124_x000D_ P = 350, Q= 150_x000D_ P = 149, Q= 351_x000D_

13_x000D_ 14_x000D_ 15_x000D_
Q = 14._x000D_ Q = 16. _x000D_ Q = 18._x000D_


_x000D_ b»ng 2_x000D_ h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_ _x000D_ b»ng 0_x000D_

PA4 DA
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ çc ®iÒu

trªn_x000D_
2
B lµ hµng ho¸ th«ng th

êng 2
§êng cung dÞch chuyÓn

sang tr¸i 3
Lam nghÜ cÇu vÒ ®Üa

CD lµ kh«ng co gi·n
theo gi¸ vµ Long cho
r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng doanh thu ban

®Çu b»ng 0 sau ®ã
t¨ng._x000D_
2
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
Mai thu ®îc tæng lîi
Ých nhnhau tõ mçi lîi
hµng ho¸ 3
§êng s¶n phÈm trung

b×nh ®¹t gi¸ trÞ cao
nhÊt khi s¶n phÈm cËn
biªn b»ng s¶n phÈm
trung b×nh_x000D_
4
S¶n lîng tèi thiÓu ®¹t

®îc tõ mçi sè lîng ®Çu
vµo biÕn ®æi ®îc sö
dông 3
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh trung

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thu ®îc lîi nhuËn kinh

tÕ_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ çc ®iÒu trªn 4
Søc mua hµng ho¸ tiªu

dïng t¨ng do thu nhËp
cña ngêi lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Quy ®Þnh l¹i quyÒn

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
ThiÕu hôt vµ sÏ lµm

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo ë
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
8%, vµ tæng doanh thu

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
C¶ ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3 4
Gi¸ cña hµng hãa X gÊp

®«i so víi gi¸ cña hµng
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng thÓ so s¸nh
thÆng dtiªu dïng cña
nh÷ng ngêi tiªu dïng víi
nhau 3
C« vÉn nªn tiÕp tôc tù

kinh doanh nÕu tû lÖ l·i
suÊt lµ 10%_x000D_
4
viÖc sö dông nh÷ng lao

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2
Gi¸ kh«ng bï ®¾p ®îc

chi phÝ biÕn ®æi trung
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dèc h¬n, hay lµ co gi·n
h¬n phÇn ®êng cÇu
phÝa trªn møc gi¸ hiÖn
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
C¶ ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
G©y ra sù vËn ®éng

däc theo ®êng cung
lóa g¹o tíi møc gi¸ cao
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

sang tr¸i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
PhÇn tr¨m thay ®æi
trong lîng cÇu cña hµng
hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
tr¨m thay ®æi trong
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1
B lµ hµng hãa cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
2
ChØ lµm thay ®æi ®é

dèc _x000D_
2

hµng ho¸ 3
Thay ®æi trong tæng

s¶n phÈm chia cho thay
®æi trong lîng lao
®éng_x000D_
1
Lín h¬n tæng chi phÝ
trung b×nh 4
Nªn t¨ng s¶n lîng

_x000D_
3
Ngµnh ®éc quyÒn tËp

®oµn cã Ýt h·ng h¬n
so víi c¹nh tranh ®éc
quyÒn _x000D_
4
Thu nhËp cña yÕu tè

s¶n xuÊt ®ã lu«n lu«n
gi¶m_x000D_
2
S¶n phÈm doanh thu
cËn biªn cña mét yÕu
tè b»ng víi chi phÝ cËn
biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
chÝnh phñ tr¶ chi phÝ
vµ c¶ ngêi tiªu dïng lÉn
ngêi s¶n xuÊt ®îc
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng gÊp ®«i sè lîng X

vµ gi¶m mét nöa sè l
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¶m sè lîng cam, sè l

îng t¸o ®îc tiªu dïng cã
thÓ t¨ng cã thÓ gi¶m 3
Chi phÝ thuª thªm lao

®éng b»ng doanh thu
gia t¨ng do lao ®éng
nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4
NhiÒu lao ®éng lµm

cho s¶n phÈm cËn biªn
cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
tæng chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
b»ng tæng chi phÝ cè
®Þnh_x000D_
2
DÉn ®Õn lµm gi¶m lîi

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
§êng cung X dÞch

chuyÓn xuèng díi 2
Lîng c©n b»ng b»ng víi

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4
Kh«ng co gi·n theo

gi¸._x000D_
4
Kh«ng lµm thay ®æi
tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
TËp hîp çc kÕt hîp

hµng hãa ®îc tiªu dïng
mµ t¹i ®ã ngêi ta bµng
quan víi c¶ viÖc cã
thªm nhiÒu hµng hãa
®Ó tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

dïng s½n sµng tõ bá
hµng hãa X ®Ó cã
thªm hµng hãa Y trong
khi vÉn thu ®îc sù tháa
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n ATC_x000D_

3
Chi phÝ cËn biªn nhá
h¬n tæng chi phÝ trung
b×nh_x000D_
1
Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ngµnh chØ gåm mét

h·ng_x000D_
3
Hä ph¶i t¨ng s¶n lîng

®Ó cã thÓ bï ®¾p ®îc
kho¶n tiÒn l¬ng mµ hä
ph¶i tr¶ cao h¬n cho
ngêi lao ®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Trong mäi trêng
hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
ThiÕu hôt 30_x000D_

_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
AR=122-2P 1
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
ViÖc häc ®¹i häc sÏ lµm

t¨ng thu nhËp cña b¹n. 3
ngêi tiªu dïng vµ ngêi

s¶n xuÊt chÞu thuÕ nh
nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi÷ nguyªn mÆc dï gi¸

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng chi phÝ c©n biªn
dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Chi phÝ cËn biªn b»ng

s¶n phÈm doanh thu
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi÷ s¶n lîng kh«ng

®æi_x000D_
3
Gi¶ ®Þnh r»ng çc ®èi

thñ sÏ ®¸p l¹i sù gi¶m
gi¸ vµ bá qua sù t¨ng
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
ChÝnh phñ cÇn kiÓm

so¸t çc møc tiÒn thuª
do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1
A sÏ t¨ng vµ B sÏ gi¶m 3
Thay ®æi cung_x000D_
_x000D_
1
§êng cÇu lµ ®êng n»m

ngang 2
§êng cÇu lµ ®êng

th¼ng ®øng 2

dèc _x000D_
3
§êng bµng quan lµ mét

®êng th¼ng cã ®é dèc
d¬ng_x000D_
1
S¶n phÈm cËn biªn ®¹t

cùc tiÓu_x000D_
1
Chi phÝ trung b×nh khi
®Çu vµo vèn kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
3
Nªn ®Æt gi¸ nµo cho

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
4
Ngµnh cã nhiÒu h¬n

mét h·ng_x000D_
3
Çc chi phÝ lao ®éng

t¨ng thªm do thuª thªm
mét ®¬n vÞ ®Çu vµo
lao ®éng_x000D_
4
NghØ ng¬i lµ mét hµng

ho¸ thø cÊp_x000D_
3
ThÊt b¹i cña thÞ tr

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ®óng
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng thÓ tÝnh ®îc
nÕu kh«ng biÕt gi¸ ban
®Çu_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
®æi_x000D_
3

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng cã ®iÒu nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
2
Kh«ng ph¶i ®iÒu nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Sù xuÊt hiÖn cña ngêi

tiªu dïng míi 3
Chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt dÇu

gi¶m sÏ lµm cung dÇu
t¨ng 1
Gi¸ c©n b»ng còng nh

tæng chi tiªu vÒ níc
cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
§iÒu kiÖn vÒ c«ng
nghÖ s¶n xuÊt._x000D_
3
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4

d¬ng_x000D_
1
Khi quy m« cña nhµ

m¸y t¨ng lªn, s¶n phÈm
cËn biªn cña nã sÏ
gi¶m_x000D_
1
Tæng doanh thu 3

_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ®óng 2
Doanh thu cËn biªn

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
ViÖc h·ng cã ph¶i lµ

h·ng ®éc quyÒn hay
kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Céng çc ®êng lîi Ých

cËn biªn ç nh©n theo
chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§é co gi·n cña cÇu theo

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
32 3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Lîi Ých cËn biªn cña A sÏ

gi¶m_x000D_
3
Cã ¶nh hëng ®Õn

thÆng dtiªu dïng nhng
kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh ®îc 2

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Tæng chi phÝ trung

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2
Gi¸ lu«n lín h¬n chi phÝ

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

tiªu dïng míi 3
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_
4
Hoµn toµn kh«ng co

gi·n._x000D_
4
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4
P = AVC_x000D_
3
S¶n lîng chia cho sè

®Çu vµo ®îc sö dông
trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
2
ChØ cã duy nhÊt mét

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2
S¶n phÈm cña çc h·ng
trong ngµnh lµ gièng
hÖt nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
NhiÒu lao ®éng h¬n

lµm cho s¶n phÈm cËn
biªn cña lao ®éng
gi¶m_x000D_
1

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

3
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4

- 2,0_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
32 3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
AR= 100 - Q 3
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng ®ñ th«ng tin

®Ó kÕt luËn vÒ hÖ sè
co gi·n cña cung theo
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
®é dèc cña ®êng

ng©n s¸ch ®éc lËp víi
gi¸ t¬ng ®èi gi÷a 2
hµng hãa_x000D_
1

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
B¸n hµng ho¸ cña
m×nh ë møc gi¸ cao
h¬n, b¸n sè lîng thÊp
h¬n, vµ thu lîi nhuËn
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Lµ t×nh huèng lîng cÇu

lín h¬n lîng
cung_x000D_
_x000D_
2
©m._x000D_
_x000D_
1
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
§ång ng©n s¸ch 2
TÊt c¶ çc ®iÓm trªn ®

êng ng©n s¸ch cã cïng
®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3
B»ng ATC 3
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Çc h·ng s¶n xuÊt

nh÷ng s¶n phÈm kh¸c
biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¶m bít lao ®éng 3

biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngµnh nµy cã lîi nhuËn

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
2
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR= 100 - Q 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng doanh thu tõ A sÏ

t¨ng bëi v× gi¸ cña A
t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
s¶n phÈm trung b×nh

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3
T¹o nhËn thøc cho ngêi

tiªu dïng r»ng sù cã tån
t¹i kh¸c biÖt s¶n
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Çc nhµ s¶n xuÊt thÞt
bß qu¶ng ço cho s¶n
phÈm cña hä 2
VËn ®éng däc theo ®

êng cÇu ng« xuèng
phÝa díi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
A lµ mét ®Çu vµo ®Ó

s¶n xuÊt ra hµng hãa
B._x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
2
Gi¸_x000D_
1
Nguyªn t¾c lîi Ých cËn

biªn gi¶m dÇn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
Lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ lín
h¬n lîi nhuËn tÝnh to¸n
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh¶ n¨ng kiÓm so¸t thÞ

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Tæng doanh thu cùc

®¹i khi MR=0_x000D_
_x000D_
2
H·ng gi¶m bít lao

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR=15-10Q 4
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¶m vµo kho¶ng gi÷a

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
gi¶m cho ®Õn khi lîi

Ých cËn biªn cña X
gi¶m b»ng mét nöa so
víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3
4

cËn biªn thÊp vµ cung
cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cã thÓ lo¹i trõ nÕu quy

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
§êng cung hoÆc ®êng

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
Kh«ng co gi·n theo thu

nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

_x000D_
2

dèc _x000D_
3
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

qu©n cña 12 ®¬n vÞ
s¶n phÈm lµ 12 ®¬n
vÞ tiÒn tÖ_x000D_
3
§êng s¶n phÈm cËn

biªn cµng cao 4
Çc h·ng trong ngµnh

kh«ng cã lîi thÕ so víi
nh÷ng ngêi gia nhËp
míi_x000D_
2
mét h·ng_x000D_
3
Chi phÝ cËn biªn cña

yÕu tè víi s¶n phÈm
cËn biªn cña yÕu
tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 35, Q = 35 2
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

Chi phÝ cËn biªn ®ang

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo ë trªn 2
Hµng hãa ph¶i lµ cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2
CÇu hoµn toµn kh«ng

co gi·n._x000D_
4
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4
§é dèc cña ®êng bµng

quan lµ tû lÖ thay thÕ
cËn biªn 3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Tèi thiÓu hãa chi

phÝ_x000D_
_x000D_
3

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Mçi h·ng gÆp ®êng

cÇu dèc xuèng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¶m gi¸ vµ t¨ng s¶n l

îng cña nhµ ®éc
quyÒn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
- 0,032._x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=Q+2 3
Kh«ng cã ph¬ng ¸n nµo
®óng 4
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CÇn ph¶i cã tiÒn thuª

nhµ thÊp h¬n cho sinh
viªn._x000D_
1
ngêi s¶n xuÊt kh«ng dÔ

dµng thay thÕ s¶n
phÈm nµy b»ng viÖc
cung çc s¶n phÈm
kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

xuèng díi._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Møc lîi Ých b»ng

nhau_x000D_
4

cùc tiÓu_x000D_
1

dông 3

míi_x000D_
2
DÔ dµng x©m nhËp vµ

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
cËn biªn t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
1

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn._x000D_
2
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
C¶ hai thu ®îc tæng lîi
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

nhau 3
lín h¬n tæng chi phÝ

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CÇu co gi·n ë møc s¶n l

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Gi¶m diÖn tÝch trång

lóa 4
Kh«ng tu©n theo quy

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
XÊp xØ b»ng 1._x000D_

_x000D_
1
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
§é dèc cña ®êng ng©n
s¸ch b»ng ®é dèc cña
®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
AVC t¨ng lªn_x000D_

4

®æi_x000D_
3

b×nh tèi thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
gi¶m_x000D_
1
Cã ®êng chi phÝ biÕn

®æi b×nh qu©n h×nh
ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1

ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
2
Gi¸_x000D_
1

d¬ng_x000D_
1
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2
210$ 2
Nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph¶i
chÊp nhËn doanh thu
cËn biªn v× nã ®îc suy
ra tõ ®êng cÇu thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
2

mét h·ng_x000D_
3
Mét sù gi¶m xuèng cña

cËn biªn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
Cung cÊp hµng ho¸,
dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
1/6 1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=Q+2 3
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
viªn._x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2
®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÊp._x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
2
CÇn cã thªm th«ng tin 1
25$_x000D_
2
Tû lÖ gi¸ cña vèn so víi

gi¸ cña lao ®éng 3

qu©n lín h¬n doanh
thu b×nh qu©n 2
TÊt c¶ çc ph¬ng ¸n
®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
D©n sè trong tuæi lao

®éng 3
Co gi·n cÇu s¶n phÈm

®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Sù tù chñ cña ngêi tiªu

dïng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
2

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Hai hµng ho¸ võa thay

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
$0,25_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
Çc ®êng lîi Ých cËn

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4
Lµm cho ®êng cung

®èi víi lóa g¹o dÞch
chuyÓn sang bªn tr¸i 4

phÝa díi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Mét sè hµng ho¸ cã thÓ

®îc s¶n xuÊt tõ çc
nguån ®Çu vµo khan
hiÕm._x000D_
3
Hµng hãa ®ã lµ thiÕt

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3

hµng ho¸ 3
Chi phÝ kinh tÕ nhá

h¬n chi phÝ tÝnh
to¸n_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
1

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
B¸n s¶n phÈm víi gi¸

b»ng chi phÝ cè ®Þnh
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CÇu lao ®éng cµng
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
- 0,032._x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Çu_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3
®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1
thuû s¶n ViÖt nam
dÞch chuyÓn sang bªn
tr¸i._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CÇu vÒ dÇu thùc vËt Ýt

co gi·n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Cña cung theo gi¸ lµ v«

cïng._x000D_
4

cËn biªn 3
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh
to¸n_x000D_
3
Tæng doanh thu 3
Cã thÓ gi¶m hoÆc t¨ng

khi h·ng t¨ng s¶n l
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
N»m trong gi¸ trÞ 0 vµ

1._x000D_
3
Ei= 1,5 1
42_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
AR=12-2P 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
T¸c ®éng cña th©m

hôt ng©n s¸ch ®Õn
l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

sang bªn ph¶i_x000D_
_x000D_
4
NhiÒu ngêi gia nhËp

ngµnh lµm cho gi¸ gi¶m
xuèng_x000D_
3
Lîng b¸n t¨ng vµ tæng

doanh thu
gi¶m._x000D_
4

thÊp._x000D_
2
Gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña hµng

hãa Y so víi hµng hãa X
gi¶m_x000D_
2

xuÊt_x000D_
2
4 4
Chi phÝ cè ®Þnh céng

chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng cã sù gia nhËp

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
3
C¶ Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

quyÒn_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
møc l¬ng lµ $4/h vµ

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

trªn cã thÓ x¶y ra 4
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo ë trªn

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ t¨ng vµ tæng doanh

thu t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
2
dèc _x000D_
2
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3

biªn cµng cao 4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¶m chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
trung b×nh._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Cung lao ®éng lµ hoµn
toµn co gi·n t¹i møc
tiÒn l¬ng c©n b»ng
trªn thÞ trêng. 4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
Çc ç nh©n kh«ng cÇn

lµm viÖc ®Ó t¹o ra
hµng ho¸._x000D_
1
Gi¸ yÕu tè ®Çu vµo

thay ®æi 1
ThuÕ ®¸nh trªn ®¬n

vÞ hµng ho¸ X s¶n xuÊt
ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Thu nhËp gi¶m vµ hµng

hãa lµ cÊp
thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
xe buýt 2
0,25$ 4
Çc ®êng AFC, AVC,

MC dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
2


_x000D_
_x000D_
2
cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
Gi¶m do viÖc thuª mín

lao ®éng gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Hµng hãa bæ sung 2
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$0,25_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
MC=2Q+ 8 3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ çc vÊn ®Ò

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

lóa 4
cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
sai._x000D_
1

gi·n._x000D_
4
xe buýt 2

gi¶m_x000D_
2

xuÊt_x000D_
2

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng 3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR= 200 - 2P 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ çc yÕu tè

trªn_x000D_
3

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

thay ®æi 1

ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng doanh thu ban

t¨ng._x000D_
2
DÞch chuyÓn song

song nhng sang tr¸i hay
ph¶i phô thuéc vµo
hµng hãa lµ th«ng th
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

d¬ng_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Lao ®éng cho vèn
gi¶m khi lîng vèn gi¶m
vµ lîng lao ®éng t¨ng 4

®ãng cöa s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4
®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2
A vµ B lµ 2 hµng hãa
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4
Tû lÖ thay thÕ cËn biªn

cao nghÜa lµ khi tiªu
dïng Ýt h¬n sè lîng
hµng hãa Y th× ngêi
tiªu dïng ph¶i t¨ng
nhiÒu h¬n sè lîng hµng
hãa X_x000D_
4
Çc ®êng ATC, AVC t¹i

®iÓm cùc tiÓu cña mçi
®êng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
2
mét h·ng_x000D_
3

3
B»ng møc lµm tèi ®a

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
gi¶m_x000D_
3


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
4
T¨ng diÖn tÝch trång

lóa 4
NÕu gi¸ gi¶m, lîng cÇu

sÏ t¨ng trong khi lîng
cung sÏ gi¶m 4
Gi¸ cña A gi¶m sÏ lµm

cho gi¸ c©n b»ng cña B
gi¶m._x000D_
_x000D_
2
§êng cung dèc
lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3

trung b×nh_x000D_
4
Cã hiÖu suÊt t¨ng theo

quy m« 1
§ang bÞ thua lç_x000D_

_x000D_
2
§êng doanh thu cËn

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸ hµng ho¸ bæ sung

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thu nhËp t¨ng lµm t¨ng

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3

b»ng gi¸ t¬ng ®èi cña
çc ®Çu vµo 4

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
10_x000D_
3
Ei= 1,5 1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 12- Q 3
MR= 500- Q 3
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
3_x000D_
4
Gi¸ vµ lîng cung gi¶m 4

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cã ®êng cÇu dèc
lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Çc tËp hîp hµng hãa ®

îc lùa chän cña mét ng
êi tiªu dïng_x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
2
2 triÖu ®ång_x000D_
_x000D_
2
A nªn lµm viÖc nhiÒu

h¬n, cßn B nªn lµm
viÖc Ýt h¬n._x000D_
4
_x000D_
2

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®éng 3

3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
§¸nh gi¸ ®îc chi phÝ
cña nh÷ng hµnh ®éng
kh¸c._x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu ®óng 1

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

doanh thu
gi¶m._x000D_
4
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Mét lo¹t çc ®êng bµng

quan _x000D_
4
0,25$ 4
S¶n xuÊt sö dông nhiÒu

lao ®éng 1
210$ 2

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Chi phÝ b×nh qu©n

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
2._x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
2
MR= 12- Q 3
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
®Çu_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1
ThÊt b¹i v× nh×n
chung çc doanh
nghiÖp tnh©n cã chi
phÝ s¶n xuÊt cao h¬n
doanh nghiÖp nhµ níc
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
ChÝnh phñ 3
sang tr¸i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
2 hµng hãa lµ thay thÕ

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3

®óng 1

chia cho gi¸ 2
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2._x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3


gi¶m_x000D_
1
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ýt cã hµng hãa thay

thÕ cho nã. _x000D_
4
Gi¶m lîng cÇu
2%._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quan _x000D_
4
d¬ng_x000D_
1
500 triÖu_x000D_
2

_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
3_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=30_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
Hoµn toµn co gi·n. 3
CÇu t¹m thêi vÒ

tivi._x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3
Chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt trung
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Trong miÒn kh«ng co

gi·n cña ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3

3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2
tÊt c¶ çc ph¬ng ¸n

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
3_x000D_
4

phÈm cña hä 2

sang tr¸i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¸._x000D_
4

co gi·n._x000D_
4
35h_x000D_
3

2
25$_x000D_
2

2

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$87_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
MC= 2Q+2 3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
NÒn kinh tÕ thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
3
phÈm cña hä 2
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
ChØ ra r»ng çc nhµ

s¶n xuÊt ®ang kh«ng
s½n sµng s¶n xuÊt
hµng_x000D_
hãa._x000D_
_x000D_
2

dèc _x000D_
2
d¬ng_x000D_
1

trung b×nh_x000D_
4
Lao ®éng cho vèn

Tæng chi phÝ tèi

thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

mét h·ng_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu vµo ®ã b»ng s¶n
phÈm doanh thu cËn
biªn cña nã._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

3
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2Q+4 2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3


nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®æi_x000D_
3

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4

hãa Y so víi hµng hãa
X_x000D_
1
trung b×nh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Mét h·ng tèi ®a hãa lîi

nhuËn sÏ t¨ng s¶n lîng
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

3
chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1

®óng 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1
A sÏ gi¶m vµ B sÏ t¨ng 1

xuèng_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_
4
Hµng hãa lµ cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
2

m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2

cña thiÕt bÞ trõ ®i
tæng khÊu hao 1
®óng_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

êng_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
- 0,032._x000D_
3
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
tr¸i._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng cÇu vÒ thÞt

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng vµ tæng doanh

thu sÏ gi¶m._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸_x000D_
1

m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4
PhÝa trªn ATC 4

thu b×nh qu©n 2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
1
ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
1/6 1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
Kh«ng ®¸p ¸n nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
4

t¨ng 1
Gi¸ t¨ng nhng lîng c©n

b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1

3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
çc ®Çu vµo 4
N»m gi÷a ®iÓm ®ãng

cöa vµ ®iÓm hßa
vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Chi phÝ cËn biªn lín

b×nh _x000D_
4

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ei= 1,5 1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=Q+2 3
MR= 500- Q 3
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ trÞ thêi gian c¾t

tãc cña ngêi thî_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Çch x¸c ®Þnh lîng cÇu

cña hµng ho¸ trªn thÞ tr
êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Gi¸_x000D_
1

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
1
4 4
Tæng chi phÝ b»ng

tæng chi phÝ biÕn
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

qu©n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
AR= 100 - Q 3
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
2

sang tr¸i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
DÞch chuyÓn song
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
Cã Ýt nhÊt mét ®Çu

vµo cè ®Þnh vµ Ýt nhÊt
mét ®Çu vµo biÕn
®æi_x000D_
4
Sù chªnh lÖch gi÷a chi

phÝ vµ sè thu 3

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3
P = 35, Q = 35 2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

lóa 4

ngang 2
Cung lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
dèc _x000D_
2

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
Tæng chi phÝ b»ng chi

phÝ cè ®Þnh céng chi
phÝ trung b×nh 4

çc ®Çu vµo 4
Chi phÝ biÕn ®æi
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
10_x000D_
3
P=12_x000D_
4
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
kh¸c._x000D_
4

xuèng díi._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ cña m¸y tÝnh

ELEAD sÏ t¨ng lµm t¨ng
lîng c©n b»ng 4
Nhá h¬n
kh«ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

th¼ng ®øng 2
Gi¸_x000D_
1
0,25$ 4
phÝ trung b×nh 4
§êng tæng chi phÝ

trung b×nh 1

êng_x000D_
2

hÖt nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$87_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i
®¨ng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MC=2Q+4 2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
êng_x000D_
3
ChÝnh phñ 3
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
B._x000D_
1

gi¸ vµ ®é dèc cña ®
êng cÇu ®Òu thay
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
xe buýt 2

gi¶m_x000D_
2
_x000D_
2
PhÝa trªn ATC 4

_x000D_
4
trung b×nh._x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4

4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

viªn._x000D_
1
kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

4
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

cung sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
1
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
sai._x000D_
1
hµng hãa._x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
25$_x000D_
2
MR < 0 _x000D_
2

_x000D_
2
_x000D_
4

®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Çc c¬ chÕ mÖnh lÖnh

vµ thÞ trêng_x000D_
4

lóa 4
Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
4
B._x000D_
1
B»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4

cËn biªn 3
B»ng MC 3
ATC t¨ng víi cïng tèc

®é t¨ng cña ®Çu vµo 2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trung b×nh._x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4

®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

1._x000D_
3
42_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L=0,13_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3

xuèng díi._x000D_
_x000D_
4
ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3
C¶ hai bªn ®Òu chÞu

nhng phô thuéc vµo ®é
co gi·n t¬ng ®èi cña
cÇu vµ cung._x000D_
4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
2
nhau_x000D_
4

®Çu vµo sö dông trong
qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2
Kh«ng ph¬ng ¸n nµo

®óng 3
Kh«ng ph¶i c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
2

4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
1

3
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
Thay thÕ hoµn
ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
P = 35, Q = 35 2
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
Mét b¸o ço míi cho

biÕt phë gµ lµ nguyªn
nh©n g©y mì
m¸u_x000D_
_x000D_
1

r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµng_x000D_
hãa._x000D_
_x000D_
2

quan _x000D_
4

d¬ng_x000D_
1

phÝ trung b×nh 4

trung b×nh 4
Kh«ng cã sù thay ®æi
trong møc gi¸ tèi ®a
ho¸ lîi nhuËn do nhµ
®éc quyÒn ®Æt ra,
nÕu nã kh«ng ®ãng
cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

tÕ_x000D_
_x000D_
2

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
10_x000D_
3
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2

_x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
3
cËn biªn 3
N¨ng suÊt cËn biªn

b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3


_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Trong mäi trêng
hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4

X_x000D_
1

trung b×nh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1

®óng 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu sai_x000D_

2
trªn_x000D_
4

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng cung cña B sang

bªn ph¶i nÕu co gi·n
chÐo gi÷a A vµ B
_x000D_
lµ d¬ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
2

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
§ang gi¶m_x000D_
1
Nhá h¬n gi¸ s¶n

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

h·ng_x000D_
3

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2

P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1

- 2,0_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
MR=50-2Q 4
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
gi¶m_x000D_
3


4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4
Lµm gi¶m cÇu ®èi víi

cam 2
Lµ phÇn chªnh lÖch

gi÷a lîng cung vµ lîng
c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
dèc _x000D_
3

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2
210$ 2
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn
ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2


kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

thay ®æi 1
Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
4

thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi·n._x000D_
4
35h_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3
Çc ®êng s¶n phÈm

cËn biªn, s¶n phÈm
trung b×nh vµ tæng
s¶n phÈm xuèng vµ çc
®êng chi phÝ cËn biªn,
chi phÝ trung b×nh vµ
tæng chi phÝ xuèng. 2

_x000D_
4

gi·n cña ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
4
$87_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
2
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
víi tríc_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
ChÝnh phñ 3
Cã thiÕu hôt trªn thÞ tr

êng_x000D_
3

theo gi¸ b»ng 1 3
êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
4
§êng chi phÝ cËn biªn

dÞch chuyÓn lªn trªn 2
Thêng lín h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng cuèi cïng b»ng
doanh thu gia t¨ng do
lao ®éng nµy t¹o ra. 4
Gi¸ s¶n phÈm ®Çu ra

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®Çu_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2
B lµ hµng ho¸ b×nh th

êng 2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2
Thu nhËp t¨ng nhanh

trong dµi h¹n._x000D_
3
DÞch chuyÓn song
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1

h¹n t¨ng cïng tèc ®é
t¨ng cña ®Çu
vµo_x000D_
2
PhÝa trªn ATC 4

®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®éng 3

biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
2._x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

2

do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

cam 2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

ngang 2
Gi¶m lîng cÇu
2%._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quan _x000D_
4
Mua Ýt A h¬n vµ nhiÒu

B h¬n 1
C¶ ph¬ng ¸n 1 , ph¬ng
¸n 2 vµ ph¬ng ¸n 3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tû lÖ thay thÕ kü thuËt

cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2

3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MR=50-2Q 4
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
êng_x000D_
3

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2
thay thÕ._x000D_
3
§é co gi·n cña cÇu b»ng

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1
35h_x000D_
3

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
3

phÝ_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
C¶ ph¬ng ¸n 1vµ ph

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
2
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,36._x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3

®óng 4
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

thÊp._x000D_
1

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
xe buýt 2

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
X¸c ®Þnh theo tæng
chi phÝ trung b×nh
thÊp nhÊt t¹i mçi møc
s¶n lîng 4

êng_x000D_
2

_x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
thõa kÕ_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
10_x000D_
3
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1/6 1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 12- Q 3
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
3_x000D_
4
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Tæng doanh thu t¨ng

lªn. 3
1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

2

hµng ho¸ 3
25000$_x000D_
1


îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng 3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
35h_x000D_
3

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3

trung b×nh 4
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

êng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
16_x000D_
_x000D_
2
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
êng_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

hiÕm._x000D_
3

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

3
2

trªn_x000D_
3

phÝ_x000D_
_x000D_
3

míi_x000D_
2

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2._x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4

ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Co gi·n chÐo cña

cÇu._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
S¶n lîng b»ng ngµnh

c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

quyÒn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR=122-2P 1
L=0,13_x000D_
1
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ChØ khi con ngêi kh«ng

tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2

xuèng_x000D_
3
Hµng hãa xa
xØ._x000D_
_x000D_
1
yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
3

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

quy m« 1
Tån t¹i lîi nhuËn kinh tÕ
d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
2


t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Co gi·n_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
viªn._x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
2
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2
Co gi·n chÐo cña

cÇu._x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng cung dèc

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2
3

nhau_x000D_
4

trung b×nh_x000D_
4
4 m¸y mãc vµ 10 lao

®éng_x000D_
4
ViÖc n¾m gi÷ rñi ro

®éc quyÒn ®¶m b¶o lîi
nhuËn kinh tÕ _x000D_
3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2._x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
4

hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Cung lµ kh«ng co
gi·n._x000D_
4
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4
cËn biªn 3


trung b×nh 4
MR < 0 _x000D_
2

c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
quyÒn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
3
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
êng_x000D_
3
t¨ng 1
Cã Ýt hµng hãa thay

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

d¬ng_x000D_
1
H·ng ®ang cã n¨ng

suÊt cËn biªn gi¶m dÇn 1

®æi_x000D_
3
c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn
cã chót Ýt søc m¹nh thÞ
trêng _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

2

trªn_x000D_
4

phÈm cña hä 2

êng cÇu xe trong níc vµ
dÞch chuyÓn ®êng cÇu
xe nhËp khÈu_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hãa lµ cÊp
thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2

3

dèc _x000D_
3

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3
cËn biªn_x000D_
4

míi_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

10_x000D_
3
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MC= 2Q+2 4
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thu t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Hµng hãa lµ cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
1

3

X_x000D_
1
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2
Lµ cùc tiÓu 2

chia cho gi¸ 2

_x000D_
2
$87_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
AR=12-2P 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
viªn._x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

thay ®æi 1
xuèng_x000D_
3

4

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

quan _x000D_
4
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4
500 triÖu_x000D_
2
Xa gèc täa ®é
h¬n_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
3
0,36._x000D_
3
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 4
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

xuèng díi._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
4

co gi·n._x000D_
4
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3
hãa X_x000D_
4

3

2

_x000D_
3
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
$0,25_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Çu_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¶m cÇu vÒ ng« khi

gi¸ ng« qu¸
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
2

th¼ng ®øng 2

dèc _x000D_
3
cËn biªn 3

4

quy m« 1

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
gi¶m_x000D_
1

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
2
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhau 3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1

cam 2

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
2
25$_x000D_
2

quy m« 1

vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

h·ng_x000D_
3
$87_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng
hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

3

_x000D_
3
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
32 3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2

nh©n g©y mì
m¸u_x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ hµng hãa A t¨ng lªn

5% dÉn ®Õn lîng cÇu
vÒ A gi¶m 5%._x000D_
4

cËn biªn 3
_x000D_
2

®óng 3
Cã thÓ chØ khi h·ng lµ

®éc quyÒn tù
nhiªn_x000D_
_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
4
nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4

1._x000D_
3
42_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3

nh©n g©y mì
m¸u_x000D_
_x000D_
1
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

®óng 1
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2

Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 12- Q 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3

viªn._x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

êng 2

êng_x000D_
3
hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1

cïng._x000D_
4
Gi¸_x000D_
1

2
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2

trªn 3
d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ei= 1,5 1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1

®óng 4
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
viªn._x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3


sang tr¸i 3
Nhá h¬n
kh«ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

_x000D_
2
Së thÝch vµ gi¸ cña

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

d¬ng_x000D_
1
25000$_x000D_
1

4

®ãng cöa s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
2
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
10_x000D_
3
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
AR=12-2P 1
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
êng_x000D_
3
TÊt c¶ çc ®iÒu trªn

®Òu ®óng 3
Thu nhËp t¨ng sÏ lµm

t¨ng cÇu hµng ho¸
X_x000D_
4

co gi·n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
2
S¶n phÈm trung b×nh

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng s¶n phÈm chia

cho tæng sè lao ®éng,
víi sè vèn kh«ng ®æi 2
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
MR=50-2Q 4
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2

trªn_x000D_
4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

4

th¼ng ®øng 2
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
MC = ATC t¹i mäi møc

s¶n lîng tøc lµ ATC n»m
ngang_x000D_
2

®éc quyÒn tù
nhiªn_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4

- 2,0_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÊp._x000D_
2
s¸ch _x000D_
2

cËn biªn 3
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
1

míi_x000D_
2
b×nh _x000D_
4

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
10_x000D_
3
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
32 3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3
Khi thu nhËp t¨ng sÏ

lµm t¨ng kh¶ n¨ng
thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ khi lîng cung thay

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3

3
d¬ng_x000D_
1
25$_x000D_
2
S¶n phÈm cËn biªn cña

vèn so víi gi¸ cña lao
®éng_x000D_
1

d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=30_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
AR=12-2P 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
1

vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2._x000D_
1
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR=122-Q 3
AR=122-2P 1
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2


kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhau 3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

êng 2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2
Tæng doanh thu ban

t¨ng._x000D_
2
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3
s¶n lîng 4
Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2

Trong mäi trêng
hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

êng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
2._x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
1
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
sai._x000D_
1

hµng hãa._x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
25$_x000D_
2
MR < 0 _x000D_
2

_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4

®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
1
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4
X_x000D_
1

3


_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
42_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=50-2Q 4
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

lªn. 3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
2
25$_x000D_
2
Sè thu 2
trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
4
$0,25_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=Q+2 3
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3


gi¶m_x000D_
1
®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
trªn_x000D_
4
T¨ng gi¸ hµng ho¸ bæ

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1

phÝa díi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1

xuÊt_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q = 29_x000D_
2
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR=122-Q 3

®óng 4
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
§êng cung X dÞch

Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4

theo gi¸ b»ng 1 3
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

2
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ

tiÕp tuyÕn víi ®êng
®ång lîng 4
Nªn ®ãng cöa s¶n

xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Çc h·ng lµ ngêi ®Æt

gi¸_x000D_
1
nµy t¹o ra._x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
- 2,0_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Q = 29_x000D_
2
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

4
cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

cam 2
Gi¶m lîng cung_x000D_

1
r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Bµn ch¶i ®¸nh
r¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2

h¬n chi phÝ tÝnh
to¸n_x000D_
2
Lao ®éng cho vèn

êng_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3


ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
co gi·n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hµng_x000D_
hãa._x000D_
_x000D_
2
xe buýt 2

gi¶m_x000D_
2
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3
§ang gi¶m_x000D_
1
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
S¶n xuÊt t¹i møc s¶n l
îng tèi thiÓu hãa
ATC_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
MR=50-2Q 4
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3

xuèng díi._x000D_
_x000D_
4
ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
dèc _x000D_
2

nhau_x000D_
4

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2

®óng 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
2

4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
1

3
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
3
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
P = 35, Q = 35 2
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n lîng
cung_x000D_
_x000D_
2

hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Hµng hãa lµ cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
1
DÞch chuyÓn song
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

hµng ho¸ 3
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
1

®óng 1
Doanh thu cËn biªn th

êng nhá h¬n doanh thu
trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
2

®éng 3
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1
cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3
ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2
Cung lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tiªu dïng hµng hãa

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4

phÝ trung b×nh 4

qu©n tèi thiÓu_x000D_
1

biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
1

3
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+ 8 3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1

1
thÊp._x000D_
1

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
1
4 4

®óng_x000D_
1
c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

3
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
2
MR=15-10Q 4
AR= 100 - Q 3
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3
nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
4
thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1

®óng_x000D_
3
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
Tæng chi phÝ biÕn
®æi trõ tæng chi phÝ
cè ®Þnh_x000D_
2

trªn 3

thu b×nh qu©n 2

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng 3

_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®óng 4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
V« cïng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
quan _x000D_
4
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
4

m« 1

trêng _x000D_
_x000D_
4

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
3
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

3
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=15-10Q 4
MC= 2Q+2 4
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4

X_x000D_
1

trung b×nh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1

®óng 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

1
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

_x000D_
2

2
hµng ho¸ 3

cè ®Þnh_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3
Tæng chi phÝ cña

h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

3
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Thay thÕ hoµn
ho¶n_x000D_
2
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
1/6 1
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
Nhá h¬n
kh«ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

4
DÞch chuyÓn song
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
4
Çc ®êng ATC, AVC t¹i

®iÓm cùc tiÓu cña mçi
®êng_x000D_
_x000D_
4


xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi·n cña ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
4
®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
10_x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2


trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3
nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

lóa 4
ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3
©m._x000D_
_x000D_
1

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

s¸ch _x000D_
2
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

m« 1

êng_x000D_
2

ATC_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
32 3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR=50-2Q 4
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
1
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4

trung b×nh cã d¹ng
ch÷ U 1

_x000D_
4

gi¸ vµ lê ®i sù t¨ng
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$0,25_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR= 12- Q 3
MR=50-2Q 4
L=0,13_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3

lín h¬n lîng
cung_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
sai._x000D_
1

gi·n._x000D_
4
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2

s¶n lîng 4
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
2

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,36._x000D_
3
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4

cam 2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
dèc _x000D_
3

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2
210$ 2
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn
ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2


kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

xuèng_x000D_
3
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
3
tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1

2

2

®éng_x000D_
1

tæng khÊu hao 1

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ph¶i tån t¹i rµo c¶n gia

nhËp_x000D_
_x000D_
1
gi¶m_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ei= 1,5 1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cam 2

ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®óng_x000D_
3

hµng_x000D_
hãa._x000D_
_x000D_
2
3

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

cùc tiÓu_x000D_
1

trung b×nh 4

_x000D_
2

mét h·ng_x000D_
3

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

êng_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Çu_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

hµng ho¸._x000D_
1
thay ®æi 1

ra t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hãa lµ cÊp
thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
xe buýt 2
0,25$ 4

trªn_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3

_x000D_
3

3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$0,25_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
MC=2Q+ 8 3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu_x000D_
1
kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

tiªu dïng míi 3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

B._x000D_
1
Gi¶m lîng cÇu
2%._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
cËn biªn 3


4

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

qu©n_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

1._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 12- Q 3
AR=122-2P 1
L=0,13_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4

thay ®æi 1

hiÕm._x000D_
3

4

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

ngang_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L=0,13_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1
tr¸i._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Thay ®æi trong lîng

cÇu chia cho phÇn tr¨m
thay ®æi trong
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
2

êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4
X_x000D_
1

®éng_x000D_
1

xuÊt_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
AR= 100 - Q 3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
©m._x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
2

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1
§êng tæng chi phÝ cã

d¹ng ch÷ U 4
cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3


gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
10_x000D_
3
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 4
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

thay ®æi 1

êng_x000D_
3
Hµng hãa xa
xØ._x000D_
_x000D_
1
1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4

B h¬n 1

xuÊt_x000D_
2
Lµ cùc tiÓu 2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh _x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
2

®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
L=0,13_x000D_
1
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

2
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Tæng doanh thu ban

t¨ng._x000D_
2
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3


trªn 3

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
4

®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
1/6 1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=15-10Q 4

®óng 4
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
Gi¸ phô thuéc vµo chi

phÝ._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4

B h¬n 1
b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng ATC 3

vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh _x000D_
4


_x000D_
_x000D_
4
quyÒn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2


trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

trªn_x000D_
4
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1

3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

xuÊt_x000D_
2
§ang gi¶m_x000D_
1

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
10_x000D_
3
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=50-2Q 4
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1


TÊt c¶ ®Òu
sai._x000D_
1
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
DÞch chuyÓn song
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

tæng khÊu hao 1

cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

ATC_x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

1._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
víi tríc_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4
Sù gi¶m xuèng cña cÇu

kÕt hîp víi sù t¨ng lªn
cña cung 1

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

®óng_x000D_
3
B»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3

d¬ng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
3


b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
quyÒn _x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR=50-2Q 4
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1

2

m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3

quy m« 1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4

cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
thÊp._x000D_
2

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

m« 1

_x000D_
3

c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

quyÒn_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
10_x000D_
3
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 4
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chÐo gi÷a A vµ B
_x000D_
lµ d¬ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

hµng_x000D_
hãa._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4
hµng ho¸ 3

3

m« 1
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trung b×nh._x000D_
_x000D_
1

®éng 3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
2._x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 4
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Òu ®óng 3

gi¸ ng« qu¸
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
2
©m._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Gi¶m lîng cÇu
2%._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3
dèc _x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1
25$_x000D_
2

cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=15-10Q 4
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
hãa lµ cÊp
thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

hãa X_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
quy m« 1

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
0,36._x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
3_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
®Çu_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4

lóa 4
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chÐo gi÷a A vµ B
_x000D_
lµ d¬ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4

4

dông 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh _x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
16_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
êng_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3
0,25$ 4

qu©n t¨ng_x000D_
3
PhÝa trªn ATC 4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ei= 1,5 1
42_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
nhau 3

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

cung sÏ gi¶m 4

cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

B h¬n 1
3

®óng 1

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
4

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dïng_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1
viªn._x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

kh¸c._x000D_
4

thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

cïng._x000D_
4

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

3
§ang gi¶m_x000D_
1
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
$87_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ei= 1,5 1
1/6 1
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
MR=50-2Q 4
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµng hãa_x000D_
1

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2
3_x000D_
4

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
3

thay ®æi trong
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
2

êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
35h_x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3
w.L+ r.K_x000D_
1

®éc quyÒn tù
nhiªn_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
1
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
_x000D_
3
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3
víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
4

lóa 4

êng_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1. 1

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
dèc _x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3

®éng_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Co gi·n_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®óng_x000D_
3

co gi·n._x000D_
4
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3

2
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi·n cña ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
3

3
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
1/6 1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR= 12- Q 3
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

kh¸c._x000D_
4
cña cung 1
Gi¸ cña m¸y tÝnh

ELEAD sÏ t¨ng lµm t¨ng
lîng c©n b»ng 4

nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
4
§iÒu kiÖn vÒ c«ng

nghÖ s¶n xuÊt._x000D_
3
Gi¸_x000D_
1

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
5.000$_x000D_
4
2

thu b×nh qu©n 2

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,36._x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

s¸ch _x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
2

®ang t¨ng 4
tæng khÊu hao 1

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dïng_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
32 3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

êng 2

êng_x000D_
3
Co gi·n chÐo cña

cÇu._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Co gi·n theo thu

nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
4
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2
Tæng doanh thu 3

d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

thay ®æi 1

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng doanh thu ban

t¨ng._x000D_
2
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
B h¬n 1

cùc tiÓu_x000D_
1

trung b×nh 1

cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ çc c©u
trªn_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn
ho¶n_x000D_
2
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
êng_x000D_
3

lóa 4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
hµng_x000D_
hãa._x000D_
_x000D_
2
35h_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
4

s¶n lîng 4
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1

h·ng_x000D_
3

4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸._x000D_
4
êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Gi¸_x000D_
1

hµng ho¸ 3

phÝ trung b×nh 4
Tæng doanh thu 3

®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
AR=12-2P 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4


4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1
Lµm t¨ng cung ®èi víi

lóa 4

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
3

s¸ch _x000D_
2

hãa X_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
4
Mét ®êng ®ång phÝ
tiÕp tuyÕn víi ®êng
®ång lîng 4

®ãng cöa s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
32 3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2Q+4 2
P = 35, Q = 35 2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Hµng hãa xa
xØ._x000D_
_x000D_
1

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
50000$_x000D_
3

çc ®Çu vµo 4

chia cho gi¸ 2
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4


_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4

1._x000D_
3
1/6 1
32 3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
MR= 500- Q 3
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3
thay thÕ._x000D_
3
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
1
MPL/r = MPK/w_x000D_
1

trêng _x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn_x000D_
4


gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
32 3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa._x000D_
3

s¸ch _x000D_
2

B h¬n 1
trung b×nh_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh _x000D_
4

_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i
®¨ng_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
10_x000D_
3
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$0,25_x000D_
4
32 3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
C¶ ph¬ng ¸n 1, 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
3
tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3

ngang_x000D_
2

dông 3

®éc quyÒn tù
nhiªn_x000D_
_x000D_
1
c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4


3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
4
42_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=6; Q=6 1
MR= 500- Q 3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3

trªn_x000D_
4

tiªu dïng míi 3

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
th¼ng ®øng 2

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

X_x000D_
1
B»ng MC 3

phÝ_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
2
biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1

®óng 4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
C¶ ba ph¬ng ¸n trªn
®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

sang tr¸i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lªn. 3

th¼ng ®øng 2

hµng hãa _x000D_
3
®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

t¨ng cña ®Çu
vµo_x000D_
2

trung b×nh 4

®éc quyÒn tù
nhiªn_x000D_
_x000D_
1

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,36._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®æi_x000D_
3
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3

ngang_x000D_
2

dông 3

®éc quyÒn tù
nhiªn_x000D_
_x000D_
1

c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4

3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
4
42_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=6; Q=6 1
MR= 500- Q 3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2

kh¸c._x000D_
4

cam 2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Hµng hãa xa
xØ._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Bµn ch¶i ®¸nh
r¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4

B h¬n 1

trªn_x000D_
2
Sè thu 2

vèn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
10_x000D_
3
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
32 3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
4

tiªu dïng míi 3

xuèng_x000D_
3

4

cïng._x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
1

d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chiÒu däc_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
L=0,13_x000D_
1
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4
_x000D_
4

gi¸ ng« qu¸
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

_x000D_
2

dèc _x000D_
2

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3
Sè thu 2

êng_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
- 0,032._x000D_
3
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC= 2Q+2 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4

dèc _x000D_
3
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2

çc ®Çu vµo 4

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

ATC_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
3

3

êng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
MR= 500- Q 3
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
2
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1


c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2

hµng hãa._x000D_
3
Gi¸_x000D_
1
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

çc ®Çu vµo 4

trêng _x000D_
_x000D_
4

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2Q+ 8 3
16_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

B»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
P = AVC_x000D_
3

phÝ vµ sè thu 3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
h·ng_x000D_
3

lao ®éng_x000D_
4

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2._x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn._x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

trªn_x000D_
2

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m._x000D_
_x000D_
2
4
xe buýt 2

B h¬n 1

trªn_x000D_
3

®éng_x000D_
1

îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
gi·n cña ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
4
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

3
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

1._x000D_
3
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
MR=15-10Q 4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
êng_x000D_
3
§êng cung cña nhµ s¶n

xuÊt dÞch chuyÓn
xuèng díi._x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ngang 2

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4

ngang_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
4

míi_x000D_
2

biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

4
ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 12- Q 3
MC=2Q+ 8 3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

kh¸c._x000D_
4

lín h¬n lîng
cung_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_
4
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸_x000D_
1

d¬ng_x000D_
1
25000$_x000D_
1
§ang gi¶m_x000D_
1

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

qu©n_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2._x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
MR=50-2Q 4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

nhau 3
nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®æi_x000D_
3

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2
trªn_x000D_
4

thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

chÐo gi÷a A vµ B
_x000D_
lµ d¬ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
quan _x000D_
4

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
25$_x000D_
2

m« 1
Nhá h¬n gi¸ s¶n

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$87_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ei= 1,5 1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

víi tríc_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

2
C¹nh tranh_x000D_
_x000D_
1
lóa 4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1

hãa lµ cÊp
thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4

3
0,25$ 4
trung b×nh cã d¹ng
ch÷ U 1
4 4

chia cho gi¸ 2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MC=2Q+4 2
AR= 100 - Q 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1
®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
1

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
S÷a Dozzi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
dèc _x000D_
3

hãa X_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng khÊu hao 1

trêng_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1

1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
1/6 1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC= 2Q+2 3
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
2
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2

tr¸i._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÝ._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
4
25000$_x000D_
1
T¹i doanh thu cËn biªn

b»ng kh«ng 4

d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
2
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3

®óng 4
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
îng ®ã_x000D_
3
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n lîng
cung_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Nhá h¬n
kh«ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
dèc _x000D_
2

cËn biªn 3
3
B»ng ATC 3

3

biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
2
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4

r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3
50000$_x000D_
3

2

míi_x000D_
2
biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC= 2Q+2 3
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4

doanh thu
gi¶m._x000D_
4

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4
hãa X_x000D_
4

ngang_x000D_
2

tæng khÊu hao 1

trªn 4

hÖt nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Lín h¬n 1. 1

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
Gi¸_x000D_
1

B h¬n 1
50000$_x000D_
3

®óng 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lao ®éng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ei= 1,5 1
$0,25_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4

lóa 4

_x000D_
1

gi¸._x000D_
4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
xe buýt 2
0,25$ 4

3
Tæng doanh thu 3
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

3
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3
çc ®Çu vµo 4

3
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 500- Q 3
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

phÈm cña hä 2
VËn ®éng vÒ phÝa díi

(bªn ph¶i) ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

_x000D_
1

B h¬n 1

4

dông 3

_x000D_
3

h·ng_x000D_
3

3

lín_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
Thay thÕ hoµn
ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
MC=2Q+ 8 3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

cam 2
c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

ngang 2
Gi¶m lîng cÇu
2%._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quan _x000D_
4

B h¬n 1
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2

3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MR=50-2Q 4
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
phÝa díi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

hµng ho¸ 3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
2

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
- 0,25._x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3
MC=2Q+ 8 3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3

tiªu dïng míi 3

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4

3

d¬ng_x000D_
1
500 triÖu_x000D_
2

2
Tæng chi phÝ cña
h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4


gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
hµng hãa_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

kh¸c._x000D_
4

thay ®æi 1

êng_x000D_
3

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
4
b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

biªn cµng cao 4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ngµnh may
mÆc_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
2._x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MR= 500- Q 3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4

cam 2
c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

dèc _x000D_
3

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2
210$ 2
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
êng 1

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®óng_x000D_
3
S÷a Dozzi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Gi¸_x000D_
1

hµng ho¸ 3

d¹ng ch÷ U 4

tæng khÊu hao 1
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=6; Q=6 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

cam 2
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh
to¸n_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
2
Ngµnh may
mÆc_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4

3

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=12_x000D_
4
42_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
viªn._x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
4
co gi·n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
Tæng chi phÝ t¨ng khi

s¶n xuÊt thªm mét
®¬n vÞ s¶n
phÈm_x000D_
4
cËn biªn_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1
ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

1._x000D_
3
P=12_x000D_
4
42_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC= 2Q+2 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
r»ng cÇu lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

d¬ng_x000D_
1
Tæng chi phÝ t¨ng khi

s¶n xuÊt thªm mét
®¬n vÞ s¶n
phÈm_x000D_
4
cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®éng 3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
3
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,36._x000D_
3
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4


0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
trªn_x000D_
2

êng 2
Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
2
500 triÖu_x000D_
2
2

qu©n tèi thiÓu_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
1

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2
®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

co gi·n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1

qu©n t¨ng_x000D_
3

dông 3

îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4


gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR= 200 - 2P 1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
16_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3

tiªu dïng míi 3

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2

b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4
3

d¬ng_x000D_
1
500 triÖu_x000D_
2

2
Tæng chi phÝ cña

h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
hµng hãa_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4

lóa 4

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
MC t¨ng_x000D_
2

®ãng cöa s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lao ®éng_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

quyÒn_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
- 2,0_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
V« cïng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

2

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
phÝ vµ sè thu 3
Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

quyÒn _x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
3
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2

trªn_x000D_
2

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1

thay ®æi trong
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1

X_x000D_
1


s¶n lîng 4

xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
4

4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

3
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµng hãa_x000D_
1
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa chia cho
phÇn_x000D_
thu nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
2
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4

t¨ng cña ®Çu
vµo_x000D_
2

cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4

3

2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Exy=-0,55_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1/6 1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3

tiªu dïng míi 3

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2
b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4

3

d¬ng_x000D_
1
500 triÖu_x000D_
2

2
Tæng chi phÝ cña
h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4


gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
hµng hãa_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1
Lµm t¨ng cung ®èi víi

lóa 4

1

®óng_x000D_
3
Cung lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

quan _x000D_
4

X_x000D_
1
ngang_x000D_
2


b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhËp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4

dïng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=12_x000D_
4
$0,25_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi
nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

nhau 3
nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
2

thay ®æi 1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2
Cung lµ co
gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4
5.000$_x000D_
4

dông 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4
ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
P=12_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MR= 500- Q 3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

thay ®æi 1
ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhËp._x000D_
_x000D_
4
êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
3
0,25$ 4

w.L+ r.K_x000D_
1
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trung b×nh._x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3

sang tr¸i 3
thay thÕ._x000D_
3
Hµng hãa lµ cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
2
dèc _x000D_
2

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
500 triÖu_x000D_
2
Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
MC= 2Q+2 4
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
3
hµng hãa_x000D_
1

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2

hµng ho¸._x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3
hµng ho¸ 3

trªn_x000D_
3
Lao ®éng cho vèn


îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
P=12_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR=122-Q 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,13_x000D_
1
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2
®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

2
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

tiªu dïng míi 3

1
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

B h¬n 1

trung b×nh_x000D_
4
w.L+ r.K_x000D_
1

chia cho gi¸ 2

gi¸_x000D_
1
nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2


lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3
nhau 3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4

tr¸i._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng vµ tæng doanh

thu sÏ gi¶m._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸_x000D_
1
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
PhÝa trªn ATC 4

thu b×nh qu©n 2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
1/6 1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=150; P=
150_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4
§êng cung dèc

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

cËn biªn 3
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
4
tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2._x000D_
1
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3
ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3

B._x000D_
1
S÷a Dozzi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
xe buýt 2

hãa X_x000D_
4

d¹ng ch÷ U 4
Xa gèc täa ®é
h¬n_x000D_
4
Tæng chi phÝ cña

h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR=122-Q 3
MC= 2Q+2 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1
kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3


4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

hµng ho¸._x000D_
1

phÈm cña hä 2
bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

2

gi¶m_x000D_
1
biªn cµng cao 4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng 3

_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
_x000D_
4
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

thu t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
§êng cung dèc

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2
xe buýt 2
hãa X_x000D_
4
50000$_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ngµnh may
mÆc_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
MC= 2Q+2 4
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4


îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

tiªu dïng míi 3
luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1
B»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
§é dèc ®êng ®ång lîng

b»ng ®é dèc ®êng
®ång phÝ_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
c¹nh tranh hoµn
h¶o_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
TÊt c¶ çc c©u

trªn_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
- 0,25._x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
MR= 500- Q 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1
nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
4

thay ®æi 1

Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
_x000D_
1
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

3

quy m« 1

®óng_x000D_
1

_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

quyÒn_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Co gi·n_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MC=Q+2 3
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

nhau 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
25$_x000D_
2
m« 1
Nhá h¬n gi¸ s¶n

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$87_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ei= 1,5 1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 4
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2
víi tríc_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
4

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

thu t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
th¼ng ®øng 2

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3

dông 3
MR < 0 _x000D_
2

ATC_x000D_
_x000D_
3
gi¶m_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

xuèng díi._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2

2
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
1

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
42_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
MC= 2Q+2 4
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4

lîng cÇu_x000D_
4
doanh thu
gi¶m._x000D_
4
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3

quan _x000D_
4
0,25$ 4
S¶n xuÊt sö dông nhiÒu

lao ®éng 1
210$ 2

ngêi mua_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
2._x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
2
MR= 12- Q 3
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3
nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
4

thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

thÊp._x000D_
1
CÇu t¹m thêi vÒ

tivi._x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4
hµng ho¸ 3

trªn_x000D_
3

tæng khÊu hao 1
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
1

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

kh¸c._x000D_
4
xuèng_x000D_
3

phÝ._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi·n._x000D_
4
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
1

chia cho gi¸ 2

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 92; P =30_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
L = 0,13_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 11; P= 39_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

nhau 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2
êng_x000D_
3
thay ®æi 1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3

d¬ng_x000D_
1

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2
®éng_x000D_
1

s¶n phÈm _x000D_
4

b×nh _x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
4

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

1._x000D_
3
P=85_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Q = 29_x000D_
2
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
4

lóa 4

cung sÏ gi¶m 4
gi¶m._x000D_
_x000D_
2
§êng cung dèc

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hµng ho¸ 3

trung b×nh_x000D_
4

quy m« 1
_x000D_
2

biªn bÞ gi¸n
®o¹n_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
Tæng thu thuÕ 3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=1,1; P= 9,5_x000D_
3
DWL = 160_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3
nhau 3

4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thay ®æi 1

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1

b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn 3

_x000D_
2
kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®éng 3

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3

®óng 4
L=0,13_x000D_
1
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4


kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

trªn_x000D_
2

®Òu ®óng 3
c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

2

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2

trªn 3
_x000D_
4

gi¸_x000D_
1
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

quyÒn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,032._x000D_
3
P=12_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2,5Q + 3 1

®óng 4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
gi¶m_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1

ngang 2

3

hµng hãa _x000D_
3
d¬ng_x000D_
1
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3
Tæng doanh thu 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

3

dïng_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
hµng ho¸._x000D_
1

phÈm cña hä 2

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

2
gi¶m_x000D_
1

biªn cµng cao 4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng 3

_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 29_x000D_
2
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

phÈm cña hä 2
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

4
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

®êng bµng
quan_x000D_
4

cè ®Þnh_x000D_
2

dông 3
®óng_x000D_
1

®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
1

3

lín_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

1._x000D_
3
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2


nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ 3
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thay thÕ._x000D_
3
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
4
dèc _x000D_
3

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1
s¶n lîng 4
Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

quyÒn _x000D_
4

®éng 3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,36._x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2

viªn._x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3
kh¸c._x000D_
4

lóa 4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

4
CÇu t¹m thêi vÒ

tivi._x000D_
3
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
xuÊt_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR= 100 - Q 3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

gi¶m_x000D_
1
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3
VËn ®éng vÒ phÝa díi
(bªn ph¶i) ®êng
cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2

®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng thay
®æi_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4
5.000$_x000D_
4

®óng 3
Thêng lín h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

ATC_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
2

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3


dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

xuèng_x000D_
3
hiÕm._x000D_
3

_x000D_
1
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2

qu©n t¨ng_x000D_
3
§é dèc ®êng ®ång lîng

b»ng ®é dèc ®êng
®ång phÝ_x000D_
2
3

_x000D_
2

lao ®éng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

êng_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3

1._x000D_
3
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3
P = 35, Q = 35 2
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu_x000D_
1
kh¸c_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
Cung ¸o s¬ mi nam
xuÊt khÈu
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
dèc _x000D_
3

cËn biªn 3

b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3


_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao
h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1/6 1
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

do chñ nhµ
®Æt_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1

thu t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1

th¼ng ®øng 2

th«ng thêng t¨ng
lªn_x000D_
1

d¬ng_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
biªn cµng cao 4

îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

quyÒn _x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i
®¨ng_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
10_x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
42_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=30_x000D_
4
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 200 - 2P 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
DWL = 2500_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
2

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1
§êng cung X dÞch

_x000D_
1

thÊp._x000D_
_x000D_
2

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

B h¬n 1
50000$_x000D_
3

®óng 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng 3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
2
Co gi·n_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
P = 35, Q = 35 2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Çu_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

ChÝnh phñ 3

êng_x000D_
3

theo gi¸ b»ng 1 3

êng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
4

Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4


gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
CS = 720 vµ PS =
1200_x000D_
_x000D_
3
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Co gi·n_x000D_
1
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®Çu_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
ngang 2

3

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

d¬ng_x000D_
1
Çc chi phÝ tÝnh

to¸n_x000D_
3
Tæng doanh thu 3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4


3

dïng_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸ lµ 2,5_x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR=12-2P 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh gi¸ cao
lªn_x000D_
3

kh¸c._x000D_
4

thay ®æi 1

êng_x000D_
3

thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

nhau_x000D_
4

b»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

biªn cµng cao 4

b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ngµnh may
mÆc_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
2._x000D_
1
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MR= 500- Q 3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2

®Òu ®óng 3

t¨ng 1

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

quan _x000D_
4

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
cùc tiÓu_x000D_
1

b×nh_x000D_
1

trêng _x000D_
_x000D_
4

tÕ_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng 3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
quyÒn_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
40$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2

X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$3_x000D_
2
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
2
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 24_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1
0,08_x000D_
_x000D_
2

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
1

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3
cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2
3_x000D_
4


lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

®óng_x000D_
3

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
1

®óng_x000D_
1

cËn biªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
1/6 1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
AR=122-2P 1
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2

viªn._x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3
trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4
êng_x000D_
3
Çc nhµ s¶n xuÊt ChÌ
Lipton qu¶ng ço cho
s¶n phÈm cña
hä._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

phÝ._x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cïng._x000D_
4
Dèc h¬n_x000D_
4

hoµn h¶o_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
4
2

®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q=200; P=
100_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
Q=0,7; P=
11,5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

viªn._x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
4

êng 2
ThÞ hiÕu_x000D_
_x000D_
3
©m._x000D_
_x000D_
1

4

quan _x000D_
4

cËn biªn 3


®éng_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

êng_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
3
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
2
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
4_x000D_
2
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4


lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

lóa 4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

4
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3
DÞch chuyÓn song
êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
1

biªn cµng cao 4
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1

mét h·ng_x000D_
3

4

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
2._x000D_
1
1/6 1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
MR= 500- Q 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3
viªn._x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
4

sung_x000D_
_x000D_
1
phÝa díi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2

cïng._x000D_
4
35h_x000D_
3

X_x000D_
1

xuÊt_x000D_
2

®éng_x000D_
4
thu b×nh qu©n 2

_x000D_
2
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lín_x000D_
2

dÞch vô c«ng
céng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
$0,25_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2Q+ 8 3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
víi tríc_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
3_x000D_
4

cña cung 1

c©n b»ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
CÇu t¹m thêi vÒ
tivi._x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

B h¬n 1

®éng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
2

tè._x000D_
_x000D_
2
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1

_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 4
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2
b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3

2
trªn_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2

thu t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
1
th¼ng ®øng 2
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
1
w.L+ r.K_x000D_
1

chia cho gi¸ 2
gi¸_x000D_
1

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe = 45 vµ Qe =
55_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
10_x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
2
MR=122-Q 3
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

víi tríc_x000D_
3
nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
3_x000D_
4
h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
3

c©n b»ng_x000D_
2
Co gi·n chÐo cña

cÇu._x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng cung dèc

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2

3
®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

phÝ trung b×nh 4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR < 0 _x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$87_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
4

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
1
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
$0,25_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1

®óng 4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4
cao_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1

Thu nhËp t¨ng sÏ lµm
t¨ng cÇu hµng ho¸
X_x000D_
4

doanh thu
gi¶m._x000D_
4

cïng._x000D_
4

dèc _x000D_
2

m·n nhcò_x000D_
3
P = AVC_x000D_
3
Tæng doanh thu 3
Tæng chi phÝ tèi

thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
1

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 15 vµ Qe =
70_x000D_
1
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
2
P=6; Q=6 1
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3
êng_x000D_
3

®Òu ®óng 3

nh©n g©y mì
m¸u_x000D_
_x000D_
1
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4
CÇu t¹m thêi vÒ

tivi._x000D_
3
DÞch chuyÓn song

êng hay cÊp
thÊp_x000D_
3

B h¬n 1

qu¸ tr×nh s¶n
xuÊt._x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
1
b×nh gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

4

dïng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
P=10, Q= 40_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

_x000D_
4
Cung vÒ hµng ho¸

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

xuÊt_x000D_
2

biªn cµng cao 4
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
2

b×nh _x000D_
4

lu«n nhá h¬n
gi¸_x000D_
1
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
1
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=12_x000D_
4
42_x000D_
4
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR=122-Q 3
MR= 500- Q 3
DWL = 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi
nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3
®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3

cña cung 1
Gi¶m lîng cung_x000D_

1

thay ®æi trong
gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Hµng ho¸ ®éc
lËp._x000D_
_x000D_
3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

2

trªn_x000D_
2

dông 3

míi_x000D_
2
nhËp_x000D_
_x000D_
1


4

lín_x000D_
2

Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1

1._x000D_
3
Ep = -0,6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3
MR= 500- Q 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4
îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4
2

l¹m ph¸t_x000D_
1
Gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
4

doanh thu
gi¶m._x000D_
4

3
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

B h¬n 1
®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn 3

îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P= 8; Q=14_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 10 vµ Qe =
50_x000D_
_x000D_
4
CS =32; PS =
32_x000D_
4
- 2,0_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Exy=- 0,55_x000D_
1
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR=15-10Q 4

®óng 4
L=0,13_x000D_
1
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3

hµng hãa_x000D_
1
nµy t¹o ra_x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
§êng biªn_x000D_
2

Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

4

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4
45 ®¬n vÞ._x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Thêng lín h¬n

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhËp_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Gi¸ lao ®éng cao

h¬n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
1
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3
1,8_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
32 3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
14_x000D_
_x000D_
4
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
60_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC = 10 1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
L = 0,20_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4

chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2
hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng_x000D_
2

hµng ho¸._x000D_
1

thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3
HÖ sè co gi·n
chÐo._x000D_
_x000D_
1
3
xe buýt 2

gi¶m_x000D_
2
P = AVC_x000D_
3
1

îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

hÖt nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
4
nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=14; Q=8_x000D_
1
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4
$12_x000D_
3
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn._x000D_
2
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
MC= 2Q+2 3
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
3
nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
êng_x000D_
3
ChÝnh phñ 3
lîng cÇu_x000D_
4

b»ng kh«ng
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
3

co gi·n._x000D_
4
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4

nhau_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
2

h¬n._x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ngµnh may
mÆc_x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
4

_x000D_
3
ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
1
Pe = 18 vµ Qe =
60_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1

Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
32 3
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
721_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=2,5Q + 3 1
Q= 23; P= 27_x000D_
_x000D_
2
3,9_x000D_
_x000D_
2
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

b×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ph¬ng ¸n 2 vµ
3_x000D_
4
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2

lín h¬n lîng
cung_x000D_
_x000D_
2
©m._x000D_
_x000D_
1
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4
B»ng MC 3
B»ng ATC 3
Nhá h¬n doanh thu

trung b×nh tèi
thiÓu_x000D_
_x000D_
2

biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3

biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4

lín_x000D_
2
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
CS = 400 vµ PS =
2400_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
2
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q= 63; P = 63_x000D_
_x000D_
2
AR= 100 - Q 3
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
3

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
ChÝnh phñ 3

cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2

cam t¨ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
B»ng 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2

hµng ho¸ 3
B»ng MC 3
dông 3
Kh«ng ®iÒu nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
1

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

3

lín_x000D_
2
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MR=122-Q 3
MR= 500- Q 3
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
20.000_x000D_
_x000D_
2

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
3
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3

phÈm cña hä 2
cÇu dÞch
chuyÓn_x000D_
2

chÐo gi÷a A vµ B
_x000D_
lµ d¬ng._x000D_
_x000D_
2
Cung lµ kh«ng co
gi·n._x000D_
4

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

2

cùc tiÓu_x000D_
1
§Ó tèi thiÓu hãa chi

phÝ_x000D_
_x000D_
1
d¬ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

rót khái thÞ tr
êng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
4
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tæng thu thuÕ 3

3_x000D_
4
P = 20, Q = 20_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
1/6 1
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Q=30_x000D_
4
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2000_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

îng ®ã_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3

hµng ho¸._x000D_
1
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

c©n b»ng_x000D_
1
gi¸._x000D_
4
Hµng hãa lµ cÊp

thÊp._x000D_
1

dèc _x000D_
3
0,25$ 4
B»ng MC 3
§Ó tèi thiÓu hãa chi

phÝ_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
2
tù do_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng 3

_x000D_
3

thõa kÕ_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
7/s¶n phÈm_x000D_
2
- 0,25._x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
X=10, Y= 30_x000D_
4
35 giê_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
28_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=20; Q=16_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=0,6; P= 12_x000D_
1
MC=2Q+ 8 3
16_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P = 60, Q = 10, lîi

nhuËn = 350$._x000D_
_x000D_
4

viªn._x000D_
1

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1

víi tríc_x000D_
3
vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

dÞch chuyÓn lªn
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng trëng_x000D_
3
Tiªu dïng_x000D_
3
®Òu ®óng 3

gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

B._x000D_
1
Nhá h¬n 0._x000D_
_x000D_
3

dèc _x000D_
2
0,25$ 4

_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Xa gèc täa ®é
h¬n_x000D_
4

cöa s¶n xuÊt. 4

biÖt _x000D_
_x000D_
3

_x000D_
3
Trong mäi trêng

hîp_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
3
CS = 2025; PS =
2025_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$10_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
4
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
MC= 2Q+2 4
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4
sÏ gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
1

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2

kh¸c._x000D_
4
C¶ ba ph¬ng ¸n trªn
®Òu ®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Lín h¬n 1._x000D_

2

yÕu._x000D_
_x000D_
3
35h_x000D_
3

hãa X_x000D_
4

Xa gèc täa ®é
h¬n_x000D_
4
îng_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Ngµnh may
mÆc_x000D_
_x000D_
3

lao ®éng_x000D_
4
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
3
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
CS =36; PS =
84_x000D_
2
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1
1/6 1
$10_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
2
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=Q+2 3
MC= 2Q+2 4
Q= 28; P =94_x000D_
_x000D_
3
DWL =
2200,17_x000D_
_x000D_
1

viªn._x000D_
1
lîi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
tèi u ho¸ hµnh
vi_x000D_
_x000D_
3
3_x000D_
4

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
thay thÕ._x000D_
_x000D_
4

tæng doanh
thu._x000D_
1

2
m·n nhcò_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
3

quy m« 1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

¬ng ¸n 2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

tæng lîi Ých x·
héi_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
4
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ei= 1,5 1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 0,4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
600_x000D_
_x000D_
3
200$_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q= 13; P= 37_x000D_
_x000D_
3
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1


0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

hãa Y_x000D_
_x000D_
4
hµng hãa_x000D_
1
kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng_x000D_
_x000D_
4

®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2

hµng ho¸._x000D_
1

thanh to¸n_x000D_
_x000D_
3

phÝa díi_x000D_
_x000D_
2
TÊt c¶ ®Òu
sai._x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4
nhau_x000D_
4

®éng_x000D_
1
Lao ®éng cho vèn


®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

h·ng_x000D_
3
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3

4
Cã tÝnh c¹nh
tranh_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
T¨ng 3%_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -0,8_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Y/(X-2)_x000D_
4
P = 8_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Q=60_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
Q=9; P=3_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
2
L=0,34_x000D_
_x000D_
4
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2


nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
1

gi¶m_x000D_
3


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4
cËn biªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

®æi_x000D_
3

gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
4
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
4

_x000D_
4

ngang 2

4

s¸ch _x000D_
2

h¬n chi phÝ tÝnh
to¸n_x000D_
2
Sè thu 2

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2
®Çu ra_x000D_
_x000D_
3

chiÒu däc_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
1

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

_x000D_
4
5_x000D_
_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = - 4_x000D_
4
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
32 3
P=4_x000D_
4
P=4_x000D_
_x000D_
1
700_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MR= 12- Q 3
MC= 2Q+2 3
L=0,13_x000D_
1
21503_x000D_
_x000D_
1

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

kh«ng cã thÊt
nghiÖp_x000D_
1
Ph¬ng ¸n 1 vµ
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4


trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

biªn theo chiÒu
däc._x000D_
_x000D_
4
lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

îng ®ã_x000D_
3
§Êt ®ai_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

thay ®æi 1

sang tr¸i_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1

4
®æi._x000D_
_x000D_
1
50 = 10R +
20C_x000D_
4

hãa X_x000D_
4

phÝ trung b×nh 4
4

®ãng cöa s¶n
xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
2

_x000D_
_x000D_
2

®éng 3

kh«ng_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
4
45_x000D_
_x000D_
4
P=15, Q=55_x000D_
1
CS = 1200 vµ PS =
420_x000D_
_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,36._x000D_
3
P=12_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
X=96, Y= 26_x000D_
_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
P=50_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
AR=122-2P 1
DWL = 0,9_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4
®Çu_x000D_
1

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

vµ thu nhËp thay
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
4

4
ATC kh«ng
®æi_x000D_
_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ vi m« 3

trªn_x000D_
4
§êng cung cña nhµ s¶n
xuÊt dÞch chuyÓn
xuèng díi._x000D_
2

luËt cÇu_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Co gi·n hoµn
toµn._x000D_
2

gi·n._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Tho¶i h¬n_x000D_
4

cËn biªn 3
gi¶m_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4
MR < 0 _x000D_
2

phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
gi¶m_x000D_
_x000D_
3

ch÷ U_x000D_
_x000D_
3
2_x000D_
_x000D_
4
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Dthõa 40_x000D_
_x000D_
2
CS = 1150 vµ PS =
450_x000D_
3
CS =42; PS =
18_x000D_
_x000D_
4
0,36._x000D_
3
Ep = -4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
1/6 1
3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q + 1_x000D_
1
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2
MC=Q+2 3

®óng 4
L = 0,16_x000D_
_x000D_
1
6,4_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn ®Òu
®óng_x000D_
4

îng Y_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhau 3

®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®Þnh_x000D_
2

cËn biªn_x000D_
_x000D_
4

trªn_x000D_
4

kh¸c._x000D_
4

gi¸ ng« qu¸
thÊp_x000D_
_x000D_
2

4
§êng cung dèc

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
2

hµng hãa _x000D_
3

hãa X_x000D_
4
3
2

xuÊt_x000D_
_x000D_
3

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
4

Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Ngän ®Ìn h¶i

®¨ng_x000D_
4
3_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1

trªn_x000D_
3

trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
2

thÕ, võa bæ
sung_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
$3_x000D_
2
Ps = 4Q+4_x000D_
_x000D_
4
Ps = 3Q+1_x000D_
_x000D_
1
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
2
MR= 12- Q 3
P= 25 vµ Q=25 1
P=6; Q=6_x000D_
_x000D_
2
390_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë
trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
3


4
chung çc doanh
_x000D_
3

®æi_x000D_
3

hµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
3
B»ng kh«ng_x000D_
3
Kinh tÕ gia
®×nh_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Kh«ng c©u nµo
®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

bß_x000D_
_x000D_
3
thÊp._x000D_
1

lªn._x000D_
_x000D_
1

2

gi¶m_x000D_
2

trªn_x000D_
3

tæng khÊu hao 1
chia cho gi¸ 2

nhá nhÊt_x000D_
2

biªn cña yÕu tè
®ã._x000D_
_x000D_
4

quyÒn_x000D_
4

gi¶m gi¸_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe= 6 vµ Qe =
75_x000D_
1
CS = 490 vµ PS =
490_x000D_
4
4_x000D_
_x000D_
3
0,7_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Ep = -4_x000D_
1
Y = 30 - 2X_x000D_
1
3_x000D_
2
P=4_x000D_
4
Q = 29_x000D_
2
70_x000D_
_x000D_
2
trªn_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC=2Q+4 2
MR= 10 - 0,2Q 2
1700_x000D_
_x000D_
4
280_x000D_
_x000D_
2

t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
3

0 vµ 6,5%_x000D_
4
Ých nhnhau_x000D_
3

nhau 3

trung b×nh _x000D_
_x000D_
4

cña lao ®éng
t¨ng_x000D_
2

lín h¬n tríc
®©y_x000D_
1
phÈm_x000D_
_x000D_
4

2
trªn_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo

®óng._x000D_
_x000D_
4

_x000D_
1

gi¸._x000D_
4
B»ng 0_x000D_
_x000D_
3

®é tháa dông nh
nhau._x000D_
4

_x000D_
_x000D_
1
w.L+ r.K_x000D_
1
Tæng chi phÝ cña

h·ng_x000D_
_x000D_
2

hÖt nhau_x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¶m_x000D_
2
_x000D_
3

dïng_x000D_
1
2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
Dcung 7 ®¬n vÞ
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Dthõa 6_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Pe = 65 vµ Qe =
45_x000D_
_x000D_
1
5_x000D_
_x000D_
1
Thay thÕ hoµn

ho¶n_x000D_
2
Y_x000D_
_x000D_
1
$12_x000D_
3
4_x000D_
2
9_x000D_
_x000D_
1
FC=250_x000D_
_x000D_
3
P=2_x000D_
_x000D_
3
MC = 10 1
P = 349, Q=
151_x000D_
_x000D_
1
16_x000D_
_x000D_
2
Q = 15._x000D_
_x000D_
4
Kh«ng c©u nµo ë

trªn._x000D_
_x000D_
4

gi¸._x000D_
_x000D_
3

gi¶m_x000D_
3


®ang t¨ng_x000D_
_x000D_
4
®éng nµy cµng
nhiÒu_x000D_
2

®Þnh_x000D_
2

nhuËn cña
ngµnh_x000D_
_x000D_
4

Ngan Hang Cau Hoi Trac Nghiem VI Mo 1 Co Dap An (Phan II)

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Ngan Hang Cau Hoi Trac Nghiem VI Mo 1 Co Dap An (Phan II)

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NOI_DUNG

Khi c¸c nhµ kinh tÕ sö dông tõ "cËn biªn" hä ¸m chØ:

NÕu co gi·n cña cÇu theo gi¸ lµ 0 gi¸ gi¶m:_x000D_

Tuyªn bè nµo d­íi ®©y lµ ®óng_x000D_

§­êng tæng s¶n phÈm lµ ®å thÞ cña_x000D_

Trong dµi h¹n, h·ng c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn sÏ _x000D_

Thu nhËp ®­îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_

§­êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 10 - P/2 vµ (S): Q

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nh­sau:_x000D_

Gi¶ sö mét ng­êi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I =

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm tæng chi phÝ TC = Q*Q + 2Q +

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm tæng chi phÝ lµ TC = 0,5Q*Q +

Lan bá mét c«ng viÖc víi møc l­¬ng 18.000$/n¨m vµ ®Çu t­

Tuyªn bè thùc chøng lµ:_x000D_

Khi kh«ng cã sù khan hiÕm_x000D_

Thiªn tai g©y ra m­a lò liªn tôc cã thÓ sÏ: _x000D_

Cung cña mét yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt t¨ng_x000D_

§iÒu nµo sau ®©y ®­îc hiÓu lµ ngo¹i øng:_x000D_

Cho cung vµ cÇu thÞ tr­êng vÒ s¶n phÈm X nh­sau:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nh­sau:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cung vµ hµm cÇu nh­

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®­êng cÇu P = 12 - Q vµ cã hµm tæng

Mét doanh nghiÖp ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q

Tû sè gi¸ gi÷a 2 hµng hãa X vµ Y lµ 2:1. NÕu Nga ®ang tiªu

Nh©n tè nµo sau ®©y kh«ng ph¶i lµ yÕu tè s¶n xuÊt?

NÕu gi¸ cña thÞt bß ®ang ë ®iÓm c©n b»ng th×:_x000D_

§­êng bµng quan lµ:_x000D_

Gi¶ sö X ®­îc biÓn diÔn ë trôc hoµnh vµ Y ë trôc tung. Tû lÖ

NÕu ATC gi¶m th× MC ph¶i:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nh­sau:_x000D_

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nh­sau:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nh­sau:_x000D_

Gi¶ sö mét ng­êi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I = 60 ®«

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®­êng cÇu Q = 12 - P vµ cã hµm chi

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm chi phÝ cËn biªn MC = 2Q + 2 vµ

Nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu vÒ s¶n phÈm cña m×nh lµ P=

C©u nµo d­íi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè cña kinh tÕ chuÈn t¾c?_x000D_

Tû sè gi¸ gi÷a 2 hµng hãa X vµ Y lµ 2:1. NÕu Nga ®ang tiªu

M« h×nh ®­êng cÇu gÉy_x000D_

§iÒu nµo d­íi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè thùc chøng_x000D_

CÇu co gi·n ®¬n vÞ khi: _x000D_

CÇu co gi·n khi: _x000D_

§­êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 25 - P/4 vµ (S): Q

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nh­sau:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

Cho hµm cÇu vÒ mét lo¹i hµng ho¸ A lµ Q= 18 -P _x000D_

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®­êng cÇu Q = 12 - P vµ cã hµm chi

Nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu vÒ s¶n phÈm cña m×nh lµ P=

Tû sè gi¸ gi÷a 2 hµng hãa X vµ Y lµ 2:1. NÕu Nga ®ang tiªu

M« h×nh kinh tÕ tèt bao gåm:_x000D_

Khi nhµ ®éc quyÒn ph©n biÖt gi¸ hoµn h¶o_x000D_

Cung lao ®éng phô thuéc vµo_x000D_

§­êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 25 - P/4 vµ (S): Q

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nh­sau:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nh­sau:_x000D_

ThÞ tr­êng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

Mét doanh nghiÖp ®éc quyÒn cã hµm cÇu P ($) = 20 - 0,1Q

Giang thÝch hµng hãa A vµ B. Gi¸ cña A lµ 0,5$/ ®¬n vÞ vµ B

Trong c¹nh tranh ®éc quyÒn cã:_x000D_

Tuyªn bè thùc chøng lµ:_x000D_

Khi kh«ng cã sù khan hiÕm_x000D_

Tuyªn bè nµo díi ®©y lµ ®óng_x000D_

§êng tæng s¶n phÈm lµ ®å thÞ cña_x000D_

Thu nhËp ®îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_

§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 10 - P/2 vµ (S): Q

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I =

Lan bá mét c«ng viÖc víi møc l¬ng 18.000$/n¨m vµ ®Çu t

Thiªn tai g©y ra ma lò liªn tôc cã thÓ sÏ: _x000D_

§iÒu nµo sau ®©y ®îc hiÓu lµ ngo¹i øng:_x000D_

Cho cung vµ cÇu thÞ trêng vÒ s¶n phÈm X nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cung vµ hµm cÇu nh

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®êng cÇu P = 12 - Q vµ cã hµm tæng

§êng bµng quan lµ:_x000D_

Gi¶ sö X ®îc biÓn diÔn ë trôc hoµnh vµ Y ë trôc tung. Tû lÖ

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I = 60 ®«

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®êng cÇu Q = 12 - P vµ cã hµm chi

C©u nµo díi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè cña kinh tÕ chuÈn t¾c?_x000D_

M« h×nh ®êng cÇu gÉy_x000D_

§iÒu nµo díi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè thùc chøng_x000D_

§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 25 - P/4 vµ (S): Q

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®êng cÇu Q = 12 - P vµ cã hµm chi

§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 25 - P/4 vµ (S): Q

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

Mét thÞ trêng ®éc quyÒn b¸n _x000D_

Thu nhËp ®îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ P = Q/5 - 10 vµ hµm

Cung vµ cÇu s¶n phÈm A trªn thÞ trêng nhsau:_x000D_

Kho¶ng c¸ch theo chiÒu däc gi÷a ®êng TC vµ ®êng VC lµ:

Cho cung vµ cÇu thÞ trêng vÒ s¶n phÈm X nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

Sù lùa chän cña ngêi tiªu dïng bÞ h¹n chÕ bëi:_x000D_

Søc m¹nh thÞ trêng ®Ò cËp tíi_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cÇu vµ hµm cung nh

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ P = Q/5 - 10 vµ hµm

Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I =

§êng tæng s¶n phÈm cµng dèc_x000D_

Thu nhËp ®îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung vµ cÇu nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ P = Q/5 - 10 vµ hµm

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cung vµ hµm cÇu nh

C©u nµo díi ®©y lµ tuyªn bè cña kinh tÕ chuÈn t¾c?_x000D_

Mét m« h×nh kinh tÕ ®îc kiÓm ®Þnh bëi_x000D_

ThiÕu hôt trªn thÞ trêng tån t¹i khi:_x000D_

Thu nhËp ®îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_

§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): P = 75 - 6Q vµ (S): P =

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

Cho hµm cung vµ cÇu cña hµng ho¸ A nhsau:_x000D_

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm X cã hµm cung vµ hµm cÇu nh

Gi¶ sö mét ngêi tiªu dïng cã thu nhËp b»ng tiÒn lµ I =

Lan bá mét c«ng viÖc víi møc l¬ng 18.000$/n¨m vµ ®Çu t

§êng giíi h¹n kh¶ n¨ng s¶n xuÊt biÓu thÞ_x000D_

§êng tæng s¶n phÈm lµ ®å thÞ cña_x000D_

§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 10 - P/2 vµ (S): Q

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung Q = P - 6 vµ hµm cÇu Q =

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ P = Q/5 - 10 vµ hµm

Thu nhËp ®îc coi lµ ph©n phèi c«ng b»ng khi:_x000D_

§êng cÇu vµ cung vÒ hµng ho¸ A lµ (D): Q = 25 - P/4 vµ (S): Q

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ Qs = 50 + 5P vµ hµm

ThÞ trêng s¶n phÈm A cã hµm cung lµ P = Q/5 - 10 vµ hµm

Mét nhµ ®éc quyÒn cã ®êng cÇu Q = 12 - P vµ cã hµm chi

§êng cÇu thÞ trêng cã thÓ ®îc x¸c ®Þnh

Co gi·n chÐo gi÷a 2 hµng hãa bÊt kú ®îc ®Þnh nghÜa

Sù lùa chän cña ngêi tiªu dïng bÞ h¹n chÕ bëi:_x000D_