Test I. Identification and multiple choices.

(25x2 pts each

=50 pts) Coverage:
-all past quizzes
- all topics that were reported
Test II. Essay and discussions (20 pts)
1. Based from the topics and quizzes
Test III. Simple problen solving (30 pts)
- determining the size of armour rock
-volume of buoy using integral calculus, buoyant force using
physics and fluid mechanics, and rate of sinking of buoy
using differential calculus.
God bless!!!

The two main factors that affect the descent rate of a mooring are
the weight of the anchor (magnitude of the downward force) and
the restraining effect of buoys and other mooring components
(buoyancy and drag). Within these restraining effects, the largest
components are typically buoys as they have the most immediate
influence. The mooring reaches terminal velocity when the
downward gravitational force equals the upward restraining force.
This seems to happen quickly once all components are
submerged. Upon release, the ascent rates are also governed by
the magnitude of the upward forces (i.e. buoyancy), as well as the
drag-imposed restraints of all mooring components. As an
example, we had a mooring consisting of a 49” spherical buoy
(reserve buoyancy about 900 lbs). The buoy was connected to the
anchor via approximately 1000m of wire rope. The mooring also
included two smaller (35” spherical) intermediate buoys plus
assorted current meters. The anchor was a 4800-pound pile of old
scrap chain cobbled together from a local salvage yard. After
streaming out the mooring line from the vessel and free-falling
the anchor (i.e. the anchor-last technique), the acoustic releases
descended to the seabed at an average rate of about 3.0
meters/second. In 1500m water depth, that translates to 500
seconds, or just over 8 minutes, for the mooring to settle. On
recovery, after the mooring was released from its anchor to float
freely to the surface, we found the ascent rate was quite similar,
about 2.8 meters/second. Since the top buoy was positioned
roughly 500m deep, it took about 3 minutes for the buoy to
appear at the surface. - Jon Wood Ocean Data Technologies, Inc.