No= 100

r= -0.02 0.001 0 0.02 0.043 0.06

λ= 0.02 0.2 1 1.1 1.4 1.8

t
Nt(-0.02) Nt(0.001) Nt(0.0) Nt(0.02) Nt(0.043) Nt(0.06)
0 100 100 100 100 100 100
1 98.0198673 100.10005 100 102.020134 104.393789 106.183655
2 96.0789439 100.2002 100 104.081077 108.980633 112.749685
3 94.1764534 100.30045 100 106.183655 113.769012 119.721736
4 92.3116346 100.400801 100 108.328707 118.767783 127.124915
5 90.4837418 100.501252 100 110.517092 123.98619 134.985881
6 88.6920437 100.601804 100 112.749685 129.433882 143.332941
7 86.9358235 100.702456 100 115.02738 135.120934 152.196156
8 85.2143789 100.803209 100 117.351087 141.057864 161.60744
9 83.5270211 100.904062 100 119.721736 147.255649 171.600686
10 81.8730753 101.005017 100 122.140276 153.725752 182.21188
11 80.2518798 101.106072 100 124.607673 160.480138 193.479233
12 78.6627861 101.207229 100 127.124915 167.531298 205.443321
13 77.1051586 101.308487 100 129.693009 174.89227 218.147227
14 75.5783741 101.409846 100 132.312981 182.576668 231.636698
15 74.0818221 101.511306 100 134.985881 190.598703 245.960311
16 72.6149037 101.612869 100 137.712776 198.973209 261.169647
17 71.1770323 101.714532 100 140.494759 207.715673 277.319476
18 69.7676326 101.816298 100 143.332941 216.842262 294.467955
19 68.3861409 101.918165 100 146.228459 226.369855 312.676837
20 67.0320046 102.020134 100 149.18247 236.316069 332.011692
21 65.704682 102.122205 100 152.196156 246.6993 352.542149
22 64.4036421 102.224378 100 155.270722 257.538748 374.342138
23 63.1283646 102.326654 100 158.407398 268.854458 397.490163
24 61.8783392 102.429032 100 161.60744 280.667357 422.069582
25 60.653066 102.531512 100 164.872127 292.99929 448.168907
26 59.4520548 102.634095 100 168.202765 305.873062 475.882125
27 58.2748252 102.73678 100 171.600686 319.31248 505.309032
28 57.1209064 102.839568 100 175.06725 333.342399 536.555597
29 55.9898367 102.942459 100 178.603843 347.988762 569.734342
30 54.8811636 103.045453 100 182.21188 363.278656 604.964746
31 53.7944438 103.14855 100 185.892804 379.240355 642.373677
32 52.7292424 103.251751 100 189.648088 395.903378 682.095847
33 51.6851334 103.355054 100 193.479233 413.298539 724.274299
34 50.6616992 103.458461 100 197.387773 431.458007 769.06092
35 49.6585304 103.561971 100 201.375271 450.415363 816.616991
36 48.6752256 103.665585 100 205.443321 470.205666 867.113766
37 47.7113916 103.769302 100 209.593551 490.865513 920.733087
38 46.7666427 103.873123 100 213.827622 512.43311 977.668041
39 45.8406011 103.977048 100 218.147227 534.948342 1038.12366
40 44.9328964 104.081077 100 222.554093 558.452846 1102.31764
41 44.0431655 104.185211 100 227.049984 582.990089 1170.48115
42 43.1710523 104.289448 100 231.636698 608.605446 1242.85967
43 42.3162082 104.393789 100 236.316069 635.346288 1319.71382
44 41.4782912 104.498235 100 241.089971 663.262067 1401.32036
45 40.656966 104.602786 100 245.960311 692.404406 1487.97317
46 39.8519041 104.707441 100 250.929039 722.827198 1579.98429
47 39.0627835 104.812201 100 255.998142 754.586703 1677.68507
48 38.2892886 104.917066 100 261.169647 787.741654 1781.42732
49 37.5311099 105.022035 100 266.445624 822.353364 1891.58463
50 36.7879441 105.12711 100 271.828183 858.48584 2008.55369
51 36.059494 105.232289 100 277.319476 896.2059 2132.75572
52 35.3454682 105.337574 100 282.921701 935.583301 2264.63796
53 34.645581 105.442965 100 288.637099 976.690862 2404.67536
54 33.9595526 105.54846 100 294.467955 1019.6046 2553.37217
55 33.2871084 105.654061 100 300.416602 1064.40388 2711.26389
56 32.6279795 105.759768 100 306.48542 1111.17155 2878.91909
57 31.9819022 105.865581 100 312.676837 1159.99409 3056.9415
58 31.3486181 105.9715 100 318.993328 1210.96178 3245.97221
59 30.7278739 106.077524 100 325.43742 1264.1689 3446.69192
60 30.1194212 106.183655 100 332.011692 1319.71382 3659.82344
61 29.5230167 106.289891 100 338.718773 1377.69926 3886.13429
62 28.9384218 106.396234 100 345.561346 1438.23247 4126.43941
63 28.3654026 106.502684 100 352.542149 1501.42538 4381.60417
64 27.80373 106.60924 100 359.663973 1567.39485 4652.54744
65 27.2531793 106.715902 100 366.929667 1636.26288 4940.24491
66 26.7135302 106.822672 100 374.342138 1708.15682 5245.73259
67 26.1845669 106.929548 100 381.904351 1783.20964 5570.11058
68 25.6660777 107.036531 100 389.61933 1861.56011 5914.54698
69 25.1578553 107.143621 100 397.490163 1943.35315 6280.28214
70 24.6596964 107.250818 100 405.519997 2028.73999 6668.6331
 NO= N(1993)= 5.4
r= 0.01386
No= N7 N(2000) 5.95016502
λ= N(2050) 11.8985787
 Chart Title
10000

1000

100

10
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69

Nt(-0.02) Nt(0.001) Nt(0.0) Nt(0.02) Nt(0.043) Nt(0.06)

57 60 63 66 69

Nt(0.06)
 0.9
λ=(0.9,1.1) 1.1
NO= 20

t
Nt
0 18 18 22 22 22
1 19.8 16.2 22.0 19.8 24.2
2 17.8 16.2 24.2 21.8 21.8
3 17.8 17.8 26.6 24.0 19.6
4 16.0 19.6 26.6 24.0 21.6
5 14.4 17.6 24.0 26.4 21.6
6 13.0 17.6 24.0 29.0 23.7
7 11.7 17.6 24.0 31.9 21.3
8 10.5 17.6 21.6 28.7 19.2
9 9.5 19.4 19.4 25.8 19.2
10 9.5 17.5 17.5 25.8 19.2
11 9.5 15.7 17.5 28.4 19.2
12 8.5 14.1 19.2 25.6 21.1
13 7.7 12.7 19.2 25.6 19.0
14 7.7 14.0 21.1 25.6 17.1
15 7.7 15.4 19.0 28.1 17.1
16 8.4 13.9 19.0 30.9 17.1
17 8.4 12.5 20.9 34.0 15.4
18 8.4 13.7 20.9 37.4 16.9
19 8.4 12.4 18.8 33.7 15.3
20 7.6 13.6 20.7 33.7 16.8
21 7.6 14.9 20.7 33.7 18.5
22 6.8 16.4 20.7 37.1 20.3
23 7.5 18.1 22.8 33.4 20.3
24 8.3 18.1 25.1 33.4 18.3
25 9.1 19.9 22.6 33.4 16.4
26 9.1 19.9 22.6 30.0 14.8
27 10.0 19.9 20.3 33.0 13.3
28 9.0 17.9 18.3 29.7 14.7
29 9.9 19.7 16.4 29.7 13.2
30 9.9 17.7 16.4 26.7 13.2
 Nt
20 20 18 18 18 18 20 19.5
22.0 18.0 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 18.0 19.9
24.2 18.0 17.8 21.8 21.8 19.8 18.0 20.3
21.8 16.2 19.6 24.0 21.8 17.8 16.2 20.3
19.6 17.8 17.6 26.4 21.8 19.6 17.8 20.7
19.6 19.6 19.4 23.7 21.8 19.6 19.6 20.6
21.6 19.6 17.5 21.3 19.6 21.6 17.6 20.5
19.4 17.6 19.2 19.2 21.6 19.4 19.4 20.2
21.3 19.4 17.3 17.3 21.6 21.3 17.5 19.4
23.5 19.4 19.0 15.6 23.7 23.5 19.2 19.8
21.1 21.3 17.1 15.6 26.1 23.5 21.1 19.6
19.0 23.5 17.1 15.6 28.7 25.8 19.0 19.9
17.1 23.5 15.4 17.1 31.6 23.2 17.1 19.5
15.4 21.1 13.9 18.8 28.4 25.6 17.1 18.7
15.4 19.0 12.5 20.7 28.4 25.6 17.1 18.7
13.9 19.0 13.7 22.8 31.3 28.1 18.8 19.6
12.5 19.0 13.7 25.1 28.1 30.9 18.8 19.8
13.7 17.1 15.1 27.6 25.3 34.0 16.9 20.1
15.1 15.4 16.6 30.3 25.3 30.6 15.3 20.5
13.6 15.4 16.6 27.3 22.8 27.6 16.8 19.0
13.6 15.4 16.6 24.6 25.1 30.3 18.5 19.7
14.9 16.9 18.3 24.6 22.6 30.3 20.3 20.3
13.5 15.3 20.1 27.0 22.6 33.4 22.3 21.3
14.8 15.3 18.1 24.3 24.8 36.7 22.3 21.5
16.3 15.3 18.1 26.7 24.8 40.4 22.3 22.2
14.7 13.7 16.3 29.4 22.3 36.3 20.1 21.2
13.2 13.7 14.7 29.4 22.3 40.0 20.1 20.8
14.5 13.7 14.7 26.5 22.3 40.0 18.1 20.5
14.5 15.1 14.7 23.8 24.6 40.0 18.1 20.0
13.1 15.1 13.2 21.5 24.6 36.0 19.9 19.3
13.1 15.1 14.5 19.3 24.6 36.0 17.9 18.7
 Nt
23.0

22.0

21.0

20.0

19.0

18.0

17.0

16.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Nt
23.0
22.0
21.0
20.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
27 28 29 30 31
 Intervalos
de año
Años de
nuestra era Individuos
500 0 190000000
600 1 200000000
1800000000
700 2 207000000
800 3 220000000 1600000000

900 4 226000000 1400000000

1000 5 254000000
1200000000
1100 6 301000000
1200 7 360000000 1000000000
1300 8 360000000 800000000
1400 9 350000000
600000000
1500 10 425000000
1600 11 545000000 400000000
1700 12 600000000 200000000
1800 13 813000000
0
1900 14 1550000000 0 2
 Individuos
1800000000

1600000000

1400000000

1200000000

1000000000

800000000

600000000

400000000

200000000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16