Indian Economy Chiranjeevi PDF

ECONOMY
9 =ÚO^Œ∞=∂@ 9
áÈ\© Ñ¨sHõΔÅ‰õΩ Ç¨[~°ÜÕ∞º q^•º~°∞÷Å‰õΩ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõ Jaè#O^Œ#Å∞. „QÆ∂Ñπ–2
#∂`«# Ñ¨sHΔÍ q^è•#OÖ’ q[Ü«∞ ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ H©ÅHõO ZHÍ#q∞ (¿ÑÑ¨~–ü 3) J<Õk JO^ŒiH©
`≥eã≤#^Õ. „QÆ∂Ñπ–2–¿ÑÑ¨~ü 3 ZHÍ#g∞Ö’ ÃãHõ<Δ –£ 1 WO_çÜ∞« <£ ZHÍ#q∞H˜ K≥Ok#k
HÍQÍ, ÃãHõΔ<£–2 Z.Ñ≤.ZHÍ#q∞H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#k. #∂`«# Ñ¨sHΔÍ q^è•#OÖ’
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«É’ÜÕ∞ ~Ô O_»= „QÆ∂Ñπ–2 HÍ=_»O =Å¡ 2008Ö’ [iy# „QÆ∂Ñπ–2 ZHÍ#q∞
¿ÑÑ¨~ü (¿ÑÑ¨~ü III)#∞ Ñïje¿ãÎ „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å ã¨~o° Uq^èOŒ QÍ L#fln? J=QÍÇ¨Ï# KÕã∞¨ HÀ=K«∞Û.
x*ÏxH˜ „QÆ∂Ñπ–2 ¿ÑÑ¨~–ü 3Ö’ ÃãHõ<Δ –£ 1H˜ K≥Ok# WO_çÜ∞« <£ ZHÍ#q∞ ã≤Å|ãπ
"≥Ú`«OÎ ã≤qÖò ã¨sfiãπÖ’x ZHõ<åq∞H±û PÑ¨¬#Öò ¿ÑÑ¨~Öü ’x ã≤Å|ãπ#∞ „áêuÑ¨kHõQÍ fã¨∞H˘x
~°∂á⁄OkOK«_O» [iyOk (6 Ü«¸x@∞¡ fã¨∞HÀ=_»O [iyOk). ZHÍ#q∞ „Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`«OÃÑ·
ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ J=QÍÇ¨Ï# ~å"åÅO>Ë =∞#‰õΩ QÆÅ P^è•~åÅ∞: 2008 Group II ZHÍ#q∞
¿ÑÑ¨~Öü ’x „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å ÑïjÅ#. ã≤qÖò ã¨sfiãπ ZHõ<åq∞H±û PÑ¨¬#Öò ¿ÑÑ¨~‰ü Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz# QÆ`«
„Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅ ÑïjÅ#† WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Ωõ PÑ¨¬#Öò Ñ¨sHΔÍ q^è•#OÖ’ Z.Ñ≤.Ñ≤.Zãπ.ã≤. "å~°∞
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# ZHÍ#q∞H±û PÑ¨¬#Öò ¿ÑÑ¨~Öü ’x „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å ÑïjÅ#.
q^•º~°∞÷Å J=QÍÇ¨Ï#ÔH· ã≤qÖòû ZHõ<åq∞H±û PÑ¨¬#Öò ¿ÑÑ¨~üÖ’ 15 ãÖ=`«Ê~åÅ
„Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅÖ’x „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞, Z.Ñ≤.Ñ≤.Zãπ.ã≤. "å~°∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# qq^èŒ Ñ¨sHõÅΔ ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz
ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 15 ZHõ<åq∞H±û PÑ¨¬#Öò „Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅÖ’x „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞ (2005 „QÆ∂Ñπ–2, 2000
„QÆ∂Ñπ–2, QÔ l>ˇ_,£ <å<£ QÔ l>ˇ_£ "≥Ú^ŒÖ#·ˇ q) q^•º~°∞Å÷ ™œHõ~åº~°O÷ W=fi_»O [iyOk.
=ÚYºOQÍ „áê=∂}˜Hõ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HÍÅ P^è•~°OQÍ XH˘¯Hõ¯ Ü«¸x\òÃÑ· =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞, X<£ =~ü¤
P#û~üû a\òÉÏºOH±, q^•º~°∞Å÷ „áêH©ãì HÔπ · =∞iH˘xfl „áêH©ãì π a@∞¡ W=fi_»O [iyOk. ¿ÑÑ¨~–ü 3H˜
g∞~°∞ K«k"Õ „áê=∂}˜Hõ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍÅ`Àáê@∞ D "≥∞\©iÜ«∞Öò ‰õÄ_® ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚OQÍ
^ÀÇ¨Ï^ŒÑ_¨ Q» ÅÆ ^Œx, g∞ q[Ü«∂xH˜ =∂~°Oæ K«∂Ñ¨QÅÆ ^Œx Ptã¨∂.Î ....
g∞
z~°Orq
N
9
9
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ECONOMY
INDEX
1.Civil Services 2008, 09, Group - II 2008
„Ñ¨â◊flÅ qâı¡+¨}`À ‰õÄ_ç# q=~°} (D Ü«¸x\ò‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz).. 03
2. "≥∂_»Öò ¿ÑÑ¨~ü (with Explanations)....................................... 15
3. =$kú – Jaè=$kú
Z) =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞............................................................... 22
a) H© áê~ÚO\òû................................................................ 32
ã≤) =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ „QÆO^ä•Å∞....................................................... 33
a\òÉÏºOH±
_ç) One word Questions ............................................ 35
W) Z.Ñ≤.Ñ≤.Zãπ.ã≤. QÆ`« „Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅÖ’ „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞.......................... 50
ZÑ¶)π Ü«¸x=i≈\© QÆ`« „Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅÖ’ „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞............................ 61
l) „áêH©ãì π „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞............................................................. 68
4. QÆ}ÏOHõâß„ã¨ÎO
Z) =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞.............................................................. 83
a)=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ ã¨∂„`åÅ∞....................................................... 95
ã≤) H© áê~ÚO\òû............................................................... 99
a\òÉÏºOH±
_ç) One word Questions.............................................. 101
W) Z.Ñ≤.Ñ≤.Zãπ.ã≤.QÆ`« „Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅÖ’ „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞............................ 120
ZÑ¶)π „áêH©ãì π „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞............................................................ 126
5. 27–04–2008# [iy# Endowment E.O. Examination....... 146
6 . Group - II 2008 „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞-ã¨=∂^è•<åÅ∞............................ 149
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z~°Orq
ECONOMY
CIVIL SERVICES 2008 - ECONOMICS
1.eãπì 1 (ÉèÏ=#)#∞, eãπì 2 (q=~°})`À [`«KÕã≤ HÀ_£Å#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOz ãïÜ≥ÿ∞# ã¨=∞^•<åxfl Z#∞flH˘#O_ç.
eãπì 1 (HÍ<≥ûÑπì) eãπì 2 (ZH±ûÑ¨¡<Õ+¨<£)
Z) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ 1. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „¿Ñ~°}HÔ · ÃÑ@∞ì|_çÖ’ ÉèÏsQÍ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
a) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 2. `«‰Ωõ ¯=™ê÷~Ú ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç`À ãÖ÷ aèOK«∞@.
ã≤) aQ∑ Ñ¨Ù+π 3. JO`«~ü ãÖ|O^èŒ Ñï„â◊=∞ÅÖ’ XˆH™êi ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ@∞ì@.
1) Z a ã≤ 2) Z a ã≤ 3) Z a ã≤ 4)Z a ã≤
231 123 213 132
[:1
q=~°} :
¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ J<Õq `«‰Ωõ ¯= ™ê÷~Ú ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç`À Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ ãÖ ÷ aèOz#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ U~°Ê_»∞#∞. Wk
~åQÍfl~ü#~ü¯ û`À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk.
JO`«~ü ãÖ|O^èO Œ QÆÅ Ñï„â◊=∞ÅÖ’ UHõHÍÅOÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ\˜ì =$kú ™êkèOK«∞@ÜÕ∞ ãÖ`«∞e`«=$kú. nxfl
~åQÍfl~ü#~ü¯ û Jaè=$kú KÕÃã#∞.
"≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú [~°QÍÅO>Ë ÉèÏs™ê÷~ÚÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ\ÏìÅx aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`«O `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok.
nxfl ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞.
2. „HÕk"åxÖ’ Wage-goods model ("Õ`«# =ã¨∞Î #=¸<å)#∞ Jaè=$kú KÕã≤#k
1) Z"£∞. _®Éò 2) Z.ÔH. ¿ã<£ 3) =H©Öò „|Ç¨‡#O^Œ 4) =∞Ç¨ÏÖò <Àaãπ
[:3
q=~°} :
=∞Ç¨ÏÖò <Àaãπ ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å =ÓºÇ¨xfl (=¸Å^è# Œ ™êO„^Œ`« Ñ¨ûúŒ H˜ „áê^è•#º`« Wã¨∂)Î ~°∂á⁄OkOK≥#∞. Wk
~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ‰Ωõ P^è•~°"∞≥ Oÿ k. nxH˜ „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞OQÍ ã≤.Z<£. =H©Öò =∞iÜ«Ú Ñ≤.P~ü. „|Ç¨‡#O^ŒÅ∞ "Õ`#«
=ã¨∞Î =ÓºÇ¨xfl („â◊=∞ ™êO„^Œ`« Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« Wã¨∂)Î `å=Ú „"åã≤# "Planning for an Expanding Economy"
1956Ö’ Jaè=$kú KÕãi≤ .
3. *Ïa`å I (Pi÷Hõ"Õ`«Î)x, *Ïa`å II (ÉèÏ=# / ã≤^•úO`«O)`À [`«KÕÜ«∞O_ç.
*Ïa`å I (Pi÷Hõ"Õ`«Î) *Ïa`å II (ÉèÏ=# / ã≤^•úO`«O)
Z. ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û 1. ÉÏºH± "å+π Ñ¶e¨ `«O
a. Ñ≤.Z<£. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ 2. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O
ã≤. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò 3. aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`«O
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ECONOMY
_ç. Z.F.Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 4. JãÖ`«∞e`«=$kú ã≤^•úO`«O
HÀ_£û : 1) Z a ã≤ _ç 2) Z a ã≤ _ç 3)Z a ã≤ _ç 4)Z a ã≤ _ç
2134 4312 2314 4132
[. 3
q=~°} :
~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û – ãÖ`«∞e`«=$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl
~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ – aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`åxfl
QÆ∞<åfl~üq∞~å÷Öò – ÉÏºH± "å+π Ñ¶e¨ `åxfl
Z.F. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ – JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl Jaè=$kú KÕãi≤ .
4. =∞Ç¨ÏÖò <Àaãπ #=¸<å U „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ J=ÅOaèOK«_»O [iyOk.
1. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 2. ~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
3. =¸_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 4. <åÅæ= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
[:2
q=~°} :
Ç¨Ï~å_£-_˘=∞~ü #=¸<å P^è•~°OQÍ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
=∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àa<£ #=¸<å P^è•~°OQÍ ~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
Jâ’H± "≥∞Ç¨Ï`å #=¸<å P^è•~°OQÍ =¸_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
Jâ’H± ~°∞„^Œ =∞iÜ«Ú Alan-S.Manne #=¸<å P^è•OQÍ 4= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ ~°∂á⁄OkOK«|_çOk.
5. 'Pi÷HÍaè=$kú =∂Ñ¨<åÅ∞—‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz Jq Jaè=$kú KÕÜ«∞|_ç# =~°∞ã¨„Hõ=∞O D q^èŒOQÍ LOk.
Z) Hõhã¨ J=ã¨~åÅ ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ (Basic needs approach)
a) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞ ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ (Percapita Income approach)
ã≤) =∂#= Jaè=$kú ã¨∂z ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ ( Human Development Index approach)
1) Z, a, ã≤ 2) a, Z, ã≤ 3)a, ã≤, Z 4)Z, ã≤, a
[:2
q=~°} :
`«Åãï P^•Ü«∞ ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ – 1960 ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ
Hõhã¨ J=ã¨~åÅ ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ – 1970 „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ÉÏºOH±
=∂#= Jaè=$kú ã¨∂p ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ – 1990 UNDP
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6. =$kú Jaè=$kúH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz, „HÕk "åxÖ’ ^ÕÕxx =$kúQÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~°∞.
1) „^Œ=º~°∂ÑÖÖ’ QÆÅ GNP =$kú
2) „^Œ=º~°∂ÑÖÖ’ QÆÅ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O =$kú
3) "åãÎ̈= ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ QÆÅ GNP =$kú
4) "åãÎ̈= ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ QÆÅ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞ =$kú
[:4
q=~°} :
^Õâ◊ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÖË =$kú. J~Ú`Õ Wk [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åxfl ÑïQÆ}#Ö’xH˜ fã¨∞HÀ^Œ∞.
HÍ|\˜ì `«Åãï GNP ÖË^• `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÖË =$kú. „^Œ=º~°∂ÑÖÖ’ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O HõO>Ë "åã¨=Î ~°∂ÑÖÖ’
QÆÅ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞=$kú '=$kú—QÍ Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞#∞. „^Œ=º~°∂Ñ¨ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ^è~Œ Å° ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O
Hõeã≤ LO_»∞#∞. ^è~Œ Å° ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ =Å¡ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy<å Jaè=$kúQÍ Ñ≤Å∞=~å^Œ∞.
7. Two - GAP modelÖ’ Ô~O_»∞ JO`«~åÅ∞O\Ï~Ú. nxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz, „HÕk "åxÖ’ ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k Uk
Z) ~Ô "≥#∂º – =ºÜ«∞ JO`«~O°
a) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù – ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç JO`«~O°
1) Z =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) a =∂„`«"∞Õ
3) Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 4) Z HÍ^Œ∞, a HÍ^Œ∞
[:2
q=~°} :
Two - GAP model J<Õ ÉèÏ=# Holls. B. Chenery Jaè=$kú KÕÃã#∞. D ^ŒfiO^Œfi JO`«~O
° Ö’ 2 JO`«~åÅ∞O\Ï~Ú.
Z) "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çH˜ ãïÑ¨_#ç O`« á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ÅÉèºí O HÍ^Œ∞. nxx á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù – ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å =∞^èºŒ
JO`«~O° JO^Œ∞~°∞.
a) ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å qÅ∞=HõO>Ë – kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å qÅ∞= Z‰õΩ¯=ÙO@∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å JO`«~O° U~°Ê_»∞#∞.
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ^•xfl á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù JO`«~O° Jx, ~Ô O_»=^•xfl q^Õj =∂~°Hõ „^Œ=º JO`«~=° ∞x Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . HÍ|\ì̃ (2)
ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # ã¨=∂^è•#O.
8. XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ =∞^ŒºQÆ`«O 20.6 =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HõO 26 J~Ú`Õ ^•x JOHõ =∞^èŒº=∞O (Mean)
ZO`« ?
1) 16 2) 17.9 3)18.4 4)19
[:2
q=~°} :
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z~°Orq
ECONOMY
Z = 3 med − 2 mean
26 = 3 (20.6) − 2x
26 = 61.8 − 2x
26 − 61.8 = − 2x
− 35.8 = − 2x
35.8
=x
2
17.9 = x
9. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõˆ~Y ^Õxx J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»∞#∞

1) ã¨QÆ@∞Å∞ 2) qã¨Î~°}=∂<åÅ∞ 3)ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒO 4)ã¨∂pãÖYºÅ∞
[:2
q=~°} :
qã¨~Î }
° #∞ H˘Å=_®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ~ˆ MÏz„`« H˘Å=∂#"Õ∞ ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„HõÖYË . =∂H±û F.ÖÏÔ~O*ò ¿Ñ~°∞`À Wk
=Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk.
10. ™ê=∂#º ÑÖÑ≤}© [normal distribution] H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k Uk?
1) „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O > =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK« ⎞ Å4#O > K«`∞« ⎛~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
⎟ σ = DM ⎜
⎠ Å5#O > „áê=∂}˜
2) K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O > =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK« ⎝ Hõ qK«Å#O
3) =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#O > „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O > K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
4) K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O > =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#O > „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
[:1
q=~°} :
XˆH ™œ+¨=ª qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ ™ê^è•~°}O JxflO\˜HOõ >Ë „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_ç, K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
`«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
⎛ 2 ⎞
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ Q.D 2/3 =O`«∞ LO@∞Ok. ⎜ QD = σ ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ M.D 4/5 =O`«∞ LO@∞Ok.

HÍ|\˜ì „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O > =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#O > K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
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ECONOMY
11. HÀ\
HÀ\˜˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HÍxfl QÆ}ÕKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ãïÜ≥ÿ∞# ã¨∂„`«"Õ∞k
1) 2) 3) 4)
[:2
q=~°} :
ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ JOâßÅ∞ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl QÆ}O
˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HÍxfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞.
ÖË^•
12. „HÕk"åxÖ’ Uk HÍÅÑï=~°Î# =∞iÜ«Ú HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°Î# Ñ¨sHõΔÅ#∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÎÑ¨~°K«∞#∞.
1) ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂pãÖYº 2) Ñ≤+~¨ ü ã¨∂pãÖYº 3)áêjÛã¨∂pãÖYº 4)ÔHb¡ã¨∂p
[:2
q=~°} :
Ñ¶+ ≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂pãÖYº HÍÅÑï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõÅΔ #∞ ~Ô O_çO\˜x ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° Û#∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ Wk P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂pQÍ
Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞`«∞Ok.
13. QÆ∞}=∞^èŒº=∞O (Geometric Mean) ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À U ã¨∂p ãÖYº xi‡OK«|_çOk.
1) ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p 2) Ñ¶+≤ 2d~¨ Σü ã¨6∂2d222pddΣΣΣ666 3)áêjÛ ã¨∂p 4) É∫ÖË ã¨∂p
− 1 −
= r
1
[:2 )1− 2nN (N n1−1−−323N nn
q=~°} :
Ñ¶+ ≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ QÆ∞}=∞^èºŒ =∞O
É∫ÖËã∂ ¨ p ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O.
14. ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO nx#∞Oz ã¨fi`«O„`«ºOQÍ LO@∞Ok.
co-efficient of correlation is independent of which of the following?
1) Change of origin only (=¸ÅO#∞Oz =∂~°∞Ê)
2) Change of scale only (`«~Ç
° ¨ #∞Oz =∂~°∞Ê)
3) Change of origin and scale (=¸ÅO `«~Ç ° ¨ #∞Oz =∂~°∞Ê)
4) None of the above (Un HÍ^Œ∞)
[:3
q=~°} :
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO J<Õk =¸ÅO, `«~Ç° ¨ =∂~°∞ÊÅ #∞Oz ã¨fi`«O„`«ºOQÍ LO_»∞#∞. JO>Ë „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ^Œ∞.
[Co-efficient of correlation is independent from change of origin and scale. Thus no impact on correlation
Co-efficient].
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CIVIL SERVICES 2009 - ECONOMICS
15. ~À™Èì"£ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl '™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ã¨=∂[O—Ö’ ÅHõΔ}O Uk

Z) Ñïq∞`« L`«ÊuÎÑÅ¨¶ O a)„Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi *’HõºO ÖË‰Ωõ O_»∞@
ã≤) #∂º@<£H˜ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO L#fl âßG – ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O _ç)=º=™êÜ«∞HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ PkèHºõ `«
1) Z, a, _ç 2) Z, a, ã≤ 3)Z, ã≤, _ç 4)a, ã≤, _ç
[:3
q=~°} :
~À™Èì"£ =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ^Œâ◊ Traditional society. nx ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞
#∂º@<£H˜ Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú#fl âßG, ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O P^è•~°OQÍ U~°Ê_ç# ã¨=∂[O.
nxÖ’ Ñïq∞`«"∞≥ # ÿ L`«ÊuÎÑÅ¨¶ O LO@∞Ok.
nxx „Ñ≤ WO_»¢ãÜ ì≤ ∞« Öò ¿ã*ì ò JO^Œ∞~°∞.
^Õj [<åÉèÏÖ’ 75% ÃÑ# · =º=™êÜ«∞O ÃÑ<· Õ P^è•~°Ñ_¨ `» å~°∞.
„Ñ¨[Å qxÜ≥∂QÆ J=ã¨~åÅ∞ áÈ#∞ q∞ye#k qÖÏã¨ rq`«OÃÑ· Y~°∞Û KÕ™êÎ~∞° .
16. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõˆ~Y gx =∞^èŒº ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
1) Pã¨∞ÅÎ ã¨$+≤ì =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞HõÅÊ#
2) [<åÉèÏ „QÆ∂ÑπÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú `«`û« O|O^èŒ P^•Ü«∞"å\ÏÅ∞
3) x~°∞^Àºy`« =∞iÜ«Ú „^Œ"ÀºÅƒù}O
4) "Õ`#« O „â◊=∞QÆO@Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú q„âßOu
[:2
q=~°} :
ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y P^•Ü«∞,ãÖÑ¨^,Œ ÑÖÑ≤}Ö˜ ’ QÆÅ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. 0x JHõOΔ ÃÑ· [<åÉèÏ=~åæÅâß`åxfl,
0y JHõOΔ ÃÑ· PÜ«∂=~åæÅ [<åÉèÏ "≥Ú`«OÎ P^•Ü«∞OÖ’ á⁄O^Õâß`åxfl QÆ∞iÎOz ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y#∞ xi‡™êÎ~∞°
JO>Ë P~ÀÇ¨Ï}„Hõ=∞OÖ’ U~åÊ@∞KÕã#≤ [<åÉèÏ#∞, "≥Ú`«OÎ P^•Ü«∞OÖ’ á⁄O^Õ "å\Ï#∞ ÖÏÔ~O*ò ~ˆ Y `≥eÜ«∞KÕã∞¨ OÎ k.
x~°∞^Àºy`«‰Ωõ –„^Œ"ÀÅƒ} ~ˆ @∞‰õΩQÆÅ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥ÖÊË̌ k Ñ≤eÑπû =„Hõ̂~Y.
"Õ`#« O, Ñ¨xQÆO@Å∞–q„âßOuH˜ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥ÖÛË̌ k "≥#∞Hõ‰Ωõ =Oy# „â◊=∞ ã¨Ñ~¡¨ Ú ~ˆ Y.
17. „Ñ¨K«Ûù#fl x~°∞^Àºy`« J<Õk D Ñïã≤÷ux `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok.
1) Ñ¨ÓiÎHÍÅO HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ "åi¿ã=Å∞ J=ã¨~O° J~Ú#Ñ¨Ê\˜H,© Ñ¨ÓiÎHÍÅO =$`«∞ÅÎ Ö’ Ñ¨xKÕã∞¨ #Î fl@∞¡ Hõ#Ê_»∞@
2) x~°∞^Àºy`«, „^Œ"ÀÅƒ}O ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=#O KÕÜÚ« @
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3) Ñ¨ÓiÎHÍÅO Ñ¨xKÕÜÚ« @ =Å¡ `«‰Ωõ ¯=ÙQÍ "Õ`<« åÅ∞ K≥eO¡ K«|_»∞@.
4) Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷ JÅÊx~°∞^Àºy`åã¨=∞`ÒÅºOÖ’ LO_»∞@.
[. 1
q=~°} :
J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# "åiHõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok Ñ¨xÖ’ x=∞QÆ∞flÖˇ·LO_»_®xfl „Ñ¨K«Ûù#flx~°∞^Àºy`« JO^Œ∞~°∞. g~°∞ x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞QÍ
L#fl@∞¡"åiH˜ ‰õÄ_® `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. gi LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « â◊¥#ºOQÍQÍx, ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõOQÍQÍx LO@∞Ok. JO>Ë „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl
x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎHÍÅO =º=™êÜ«∞Ñ¨#∞Ö’¡ Ñ¨xKÕã∞¨ #Î fl@∞¡ Hõ#Ê_»`å~°∞. x*ÏxH˜ gi¿ã=Å∞ H˘kÌHÍÅO =∂„`«"∞Õ J=ã¨~O° .
18. „HÕk"åxÖ’ ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k Uk
Z) ^èxŒ Hõ, ¿Ñ^Œ ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èºŒ , qq^è™Œ ê÷~ÚÅÖ’ ^èxŒ Hõ, ¿Ñ^Œ=~åæÅ =∞^èºŒ "≥q· ^èºŒ O LO_»∞@ÜÕ∞HÍHõ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂~å=_»"∞Õ
^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO (Dualism)
a) P^è∞Œ xHõ „Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞ºOÖ’ ã¨=∂[O ÖˇÑãì≤ Åìπ ∞ (Leftists), ~Ô >· ãˇ Åìπ ∞ (Rightists) QÍ ~å[H©Ü∞« qÉè[í # [~°∞QÆ∞@ÜÕ∞
^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO(Dualism).
1) Z =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) a =∂„`«"∞Õ 3) Z a 4) ~Ô O_»∞ ãïHÍ^Œ∞.
[: 1
q=~°} :
"≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ P^è∞Œ xHõ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O J=ÅOaOKÕ ~°OQÆOÖ’ JkèHõ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ ,« Ñ¨Ù~å`«#
™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O J=ÅOaOKÕ ~°OQÆOÖ’ JÅÊL`åÊ^ŒH`õ « LO@∞Ok. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ Ö« ’ =º`åº™êÅ =Å¡ P^•Ü«∞ ãÖÑ¨^ÖŒ ’
=º`åº™êÖË~Ê° _ç ^èxŒ Hõ ¿Ñ^Œ=~åæÅ =∞^èºŒ JO`«~åÅ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ nxfl ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO JO^Œ∞~°∞.
19. „HÕk "åHÍºÅÖ’ ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k QÆ∞iÎOK«O_ç
Z) JkèHõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OQÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ JkèHõ P Q L I x Hõeæ LO\Ï~Ú.
a) JkèHõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OQÆÅ ^ÕâßÅhfl JkèHõ P Q L I x Hõeæ LO_®eû# J=ã¨~O° ÖË^∞Œ
(Countries with high PQLI need not necessarily have high per Capita Income )
1) Z =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) a =∂„`«"∞Õ 3) Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 4) Z, a Å∞ ~Ô O_»∂HÍ^Œ∞
[.3
q=~° } :
™ê^è•~°}OQÍ `«‰Ωõ ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OQÆÅ ^ÕâßÖ’¡ P Q L I qÅ∞= `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ#∂ Z‰õΩ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ
^ÕâßÅÖ’ P Q L I qÅ∞= Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ#∞ LO@∞Ok.
J~Ú#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© H˘xfl ^ÕâßÖ’¡ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O JkèHOõ QÍ L#flÑ¨Ê\H© P Q L I qÅ∞= JÅÊOQÍ LO_»=K«∞Û. `«Åãï
P^•Ü«∞O `«‰Ωõ ¯="≥#· Ñ¨Ê\˜H© P Q L I ã¨∂p JkèHOõ QÍ LO_»=K«∞Û.
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20. P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ nx ^•fi~å QÆ}ÕK«=K«∞Û
1) JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O 2) =∞^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#O 3) „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4) ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y
[. 4
q=~° } :
ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y qã¨~Î }
° #∞ ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å H˘eKÕ =∂Ñ¨#O. nxã¨ÇÏ¨ Ü«∞O`À P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ Z\Ï¡ L#fl"À
`≥Å∞ûHÀ=K«∞Û. P^•Ü«∞ã¨=∞ÑÖÑ≤}˜ ~ˆ Y‰õΩ ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO>Ë Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=ÙQÍ L#fl@∞¡, ^ŒQ~æÆ Q° Í
LO>Ë Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ L#fl@∞¡ K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û.
21. XHõ ÑïjÅ#Ö’ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O 12, =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« 14, J~Ú#KÀ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ZO`«
1) 16 2)26 3)18 4) 13
[. 3
q=~°}: ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ´ 3 =∞^èºŒ QÆ`åÅ∞ – 2 JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∂Å∞
´ 3(14) –2(12)
´ 42–24
´18
22. „Ñ¨K«Ûù#fl x~°∞^Àºy`« ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ D ~°OQÆOÖ’ Hõ#Ê_»∞#∞.
1) =∂#∞º áêHõÛiOQ∑ ~°OQÆO 2) =º=™êÜ«∞O 3) z#fl`«~Ç° Ï¨ Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ 4) Ñ¨@} ì „áêO`åÅ∞
[. 2
q=~° } :
™ê^è•~°}OQÍ =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ Ñ¨x"åi HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok Ñ¨xKÕã∞¨ OÎ \Ï~°∞. gi<Õ „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞
JO^Œ∞~°∞.
23. ''„Ñüã¨Ñ¨¡~Ú `«# _ç=∂O_£#∞ `å<Õ ã¨$+≤ìOK«∞‰õΩO@∞Ok—— HÍ|\ì̃ ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`« LO@∞Ok. J<Õ
ã≤^•úO`«O nx`À ãÖ|O^è=Œ ÚOk.
1) '¿ãã¨∂„`«O 2) yÃÑ<¶ £ "≥Ñ· i¨ `«ºO 3) Ñ≤Q∂Æ L^Àºy`« ã¨∂„`«O 4) H©<û£ L^Àºy`« ã¨∂„`«O
[. 1
q=~°} :
J.B. Say ' Supply creats its own Demand' J<Õ =∂Ô~¯\ò ã¨∂„`åxfl „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞. „Ñüã¨Ñ~ ¡¨ Ú `«# Demand #∞
`å<Õ ã¨$+≤ìOK«∞‰õΩO@∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì =∂Ô~¯\òÖ’ _ç=∂O_£ H˘~°`« LO_»^Œx, Ñ¶ë`«OQÍ L`«ÊuÎ J~Ú# =ã¨∞Î~åt JO`å
q„Hõ~ÚOK«|_»∞@=Å¡ JkèHõ L`«ÊuÎ, x~°∞^Àºy`« LO_»^<Œ #≥ ∞. HÍ|\ì̃ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`« LO@∞Ok.
24. „HÕk "åxÖ’ '„ÃÑ¶a<£–ã≤OQÆ~ü ã≤^•úO`«O— ^ÕxH˜ K≥Ok#k
1) JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ =~°HÎ õ x|O^è#Œ Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#q
2) Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok#k
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3) JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ q^Õj "åºáê~° K≥eO¡ Ñ¨ÙÅ ã¨=∞`ÒÖÏºxH˜ K≥Ok#k.
4) Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ q^Õj"åºáê~° K≥eO¡ Ñ¨ÙÅ ã¨=∞`ÒÖÏºxH˜ K≥Ok#k.
[.1
q=~°} :
Jaè=$kú K≥Ok#, Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ=∞^èºŒ q^Õj"åºáê~°O [iy`Õ, =~°HÎ xõ |O^è#Œ Å∞ Jaè=$kúKO≥ ^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ
„Ñü‰õÄÅOQÍ LO\ÏÜ«∞x, Jaè=$kúKO≥ k# ^ÕâßÖË Åaúá⁄O^Œ∞`åÜ«∞x '„ÃÑaãπ–ã≤OQÆ~—ü ã≤^•úO`«O K≥ÑÙ¨ `«∞Ok.
Group II - 2008
1. 'Stages of Growth' J<Õ ã≤^•úO`«=Ú Z=i`À =Ú_ç Ñ¨_ç#k?

1) Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩl<≥\òû 2) HÀe<£ HÍ¡~¯ü 3) áêÖò ™ê=¸ºÖò ã¨<£ 4) w.w. ~À™Èì"£
[. 4
q=~°} :
^ÕâO◊ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =$kú qq^èŒ ^ŒâÅ◊ ^•fi~å [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œx Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« Jaè„áêÜ«∞O.
HÍ~ü=¡ ∂~ü¯û Ñ¨Óº_»e[O, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•iq^è•#O, ™ê=∞º"å^ŒO, Hõ=¸ºx[O ^•fi~å ã¨=∂[O Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞O^Œ<#≥ ∞.
w.w. ~À™Èì"£ ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O, Ñ¨=
¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞, Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ,◊ ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `«‰Ωõ QÆ=∞#O, ™ê=∂Ç≤ÏHõ
qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^ŒâÅ◊ ^•fi~å ã¨=∂[O Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞O^Œ<#≥ ∞.
w.w. ~À™Èì"£ „"åã≤# „QÆO^äO
Œ " The Stages of Economic Growth"
2. w.w. ~À™Èì " £ Pi÷HÍaè=$kúH˜ H˘xfl ^Œâ◊Å∞ ã¨∂zOK≥#∞. Jq U=∞#QÍ
1) ™êO„Ñ¨^•~ÚHõ ã¨=∂[O 2) Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ◊ 3) „_≥"· £ @∞ "≥∞K«∂ºi\© 4) JkèHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ^âŒ ◊ HÍÅO
[. „Ñ¨âfl◊ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ QÍ ÖË^∞Œ . ~À™Èì"£ ÃÑ#· ÃÑ~˘¯#fl 4 ^ŒâÅ◊ #∞ K«∂zOK≥#∞.
3. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ ÖˇH˜¯Oz# "åiÖ’ XHõ~°∞
1) Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü 2) Z_£̊=~üÎ 3) Ñ≤Q∞Æ 4) _®Åì<£
[. 1
q=~°} :
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛ, _Àiƒ+π, É∫ÖË, Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ,ü =∂~°¬Öò–Z_£̊=~ü,Î HÔ b¡Å∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOzi.
J~Ú`Õ 134 ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ ÑïjeOz, XHõ P^Œ~°≈ ã¨∂px ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k Ñ¶≤+¨~ü HÍ|\˜ì ã¨∂pãÖYº
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ `ü À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk.
4. =∂#= Jaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõÖ’ JOâ◊=ÚHÍxk
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1) ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ =◊ ÚÖ’ PÜ«Ú+¨μ¬ ãÖÉèÏ=º`« 2) JHΔÍ~åã¨º`«~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú áê~îâ° ßÅ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞
3) tâ◊√ =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ 4) P^•Ü«∞O
[. 3
q=~°} :
1979Ö’ "≥∂iãπ _≥q_£ "≥∂iãπ 3 JOâßÅ∞ fã¨∞H˘x P.Q.L.I x xi‡OK≥#∞.
Z) PÜ«Ú~å÷Ü∞« O a) tâ◊√ =∞~°}~ˆ @∞ ã≤) JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«
D 3 JOâßÅ∞ ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ JOâßÖË.
1990Ö’ U.N.D.P "å~°∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz# =∂#"åaè=$kúÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ JOâßÅ∞ XHõ\ ˜ Pi÷Hõ JOâ◊O QÆÅ=Ù.
Z) PÜ«Ú~å÷Ü∞« O a) JHΔÍ~°ãº¨ `« ã≤) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
"≥∂iãπ P.Q.L.I Ö’ tâ◊√=∞~°}~ˆ @∞ XHõ JOâ◊O. HÍx U.N.D.P "åi HDI Ö’ tâ◊√=∞~°} ~ˆ @∞ ÖˇH¯˜ OK«|_»Ö^Ë ∞Œ .
`«Åãï P^•Ü«∂xfl fã¨∞HÀ=_»O [iyOk.
5. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú J<Õ ÉèÏ=# HÍ¡ã≤HõÖò ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#k.
(The idea of balanced Growth is related to the classical )
1) ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ Pi÷Hâõ ß„ãÎ̈=Ú J<Õ ÉèÏ=# 2) Ñ¨ÓiÎ L^Àºy`« ã¨=∞`ÒÅºÉèÏ=#
3) =∂Ô~¯@∞¡ q^è∞Œ Å∞ (Law of markets) 4) Jaè„áêÜ«∞ ã≤^•úÒ« (school of thought)
[. 3
q=~°} :
ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kúã^≤ •úO`åxfl ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û Jaè=$kú KÕ¿ã#∞. J~Ú`Õ Wk J.B. Say „ÑüáêkOz# '=∂Ô~¯\ò ã¨∂„`«O— ÃÑ·
P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ç LOk. '„Ñüã¨Ñ~¡¨ Ú `«# Demand #∞ `å<Õ ã¨$+≤Oì K«∞‰õΩO@∞O^Œx— Say ã¨∂„`«O `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã∞¨ OÎ k. nxÃÑ· q=∞~°≈
LOk. =ã¨∞~Î åt ã¨Ñ~¡¨ Ú ÃÑiy`Õ L`«ÊuÎ HÍ~°HÍÅ‰õΩ _ç=∂O_£ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =ÚYºOQÍ =¸Å^è#Œ _ç=∂O_£ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
HÍx =¸Å^è#Œ O `«# ã¨Ñ~¡¨ Úx `å#∞ ã¨$+≤Oì K«∞HÀÖË^∞Œ Hõ^•!
6. Jaè=$kú H˘~°‰õΩ ÉèÏsÑï„â◊=∞ÅÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ\ÏìÅx "åkOz# Jaè=$kú ã≤^•úO`«=Ú
1) „H˜\ H˜ Öõ ò q∞x=∞"£∞ ZÑ¶~¨ ìü 2) aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π 3) JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 4) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú
[. 2
q=~° } :
¿Ñ^ŒiHÍxfl `«yOæ z q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å#∞ KÕkOè KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÉèÏsÑï„â◊=∞ÅÖ’ ÉèÏs ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ\ÏìÅx aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`«O
`≥Å∞Ê`«∞Ok.
7. Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷Ö’ „ÃÑ·"Õ\ò–Ñä¡H± ~°OQÍÅ ã¨Ç¨Ïr=<åxfl U=∞xÑ≤Å∞™êÎ~°∞.
1) xÜ«∞O„`«} Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s q^è•#O 3) =∞^ŒºO`«~° ~°OQÆO 4) q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷
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[. 4
q=~° } :
xÜ«∞O„`«} Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO „Ñ¨^•è # áê„`« áÈ+≤OK«∞#∞. L`«ÊuÎ JO`å „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO Pnè#OÖ’ LO_»∞#∞.
ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ^•s q^è•#OÖ’ L`«ÊuÎ JOâßÅ∞ „ÃÑ"· @
Õ ∞ =º‰õΩÅÎ Pnè#OÖ’ LO_»∞#∞.
q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi =∞iÜ«Ú „ÃÑ"· @
Õ ∞ ~°OQÍÅ∞ ~Ô O_»∂ Hõeã≤ ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=#O KÕ™êÎ~Ú. nxH˜ =∞Oz
L^•Ç¨Ï~°} WO_çÜ∂« .
1948 áêi„âßq∞Hõ f~å‡#O ^•fi~å WO_çÜ∂« Ö’ q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨‰÷ Ωõ Ñ¨Ù<åk Ñ¨_Oç k.
8. ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ô~O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ ~°∂Ñ¨HõÅÊ# KÕã≤#k Z=~°∞?
1) „|Ç¨Ï‡#O^Œ 2) =∞Ç¨ÏÖò <Àaãπ 3) Ç¨Ï~å_£–_À=∞~ü 4) K«„Hõ=iÎ
[. 2
q=~° } :
"≥Ú^Œ\ „˜ Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ Ç¨Ï~å_£–_À=∞~ü #=¸<å J#∞ãïOK«_O» [iyOk.
~Ô O_»= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ =∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ =ÙºÇ¨xfl J#∞ãïOK«_O» [iyOk.
=∞Ç¨ÏÖò <Àaãπ ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å =ÙºÇ¨xH˜ „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞OQÍ =H©Öò =∞iÜ«Ú „|Ç¨Ï‡#O^ŒÅ∞ "Õ`#« =ã¨∞Î =ÙºÇ¨xfl
~°∂á⁄OkOzi. J~Ú<å Wk 2= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ J=∞Å∞ HÍÖË^∞Œ .
9. U.N.D.P "å~°∞ xi‡ã¨∞Î#fl =∂#=Jaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõÖ’ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞ÖˇHõ¯Ö’xH˜ nxx fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
1) NNP per capita
2) GDP per capita
3) GDP per capita US $ in terms of purchasing power parity
4) GDP per capita in US $ at market Exchange Rate
[. 3
q=~° } :
U.N.D.P. "å~°∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz# =∂#"åaè=$kúã∂¨ pÖ’ `«Åãï GDP x `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞.
D `«Åãï GDP x ~Ô O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û
(a) =∂Ô~¯\ò qx=∞Ü«∞~ˆ @∞Ö’ `«Åãï GDP
(b) H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ â◊HÎ̃ ã¨=∂#`« (PPP) ~°∂ÑÖÖ’QÆÅ `«Åãï GDP.
U.N.D.P. "å~°∞ H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ â◊HÎ̃ ã¨=∂#`« ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ QÆÅ `«Åãï GDP x (J"≥∞iHÍ _®Å~°Ö¡ ’ QÆÅ) `«Åãï
P^•Ü«∞OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞.
10. ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù=Ú.?
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Z) „áê^èqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆ=Ú #∞O_ç GDP Ö’ JkèHõ "å\Ï =K«∞Û@.
a) Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =º=™ê÷ÑH¨ õ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ (institutional changes)
ã≤) =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆ=Ú #∞O_ç áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆ=Ú#‰õΩ =º=™ê÷Ñ~¨ "° ∞≥ ÿ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ (structural transformation)
_ç) HõÅ~ÚHõÅ =$kú (Inclusive Growth)
1) a, ã≤, =∞iÜ«Ú _ç ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q 2) Z, a, =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q.
3) Z, ã≤, =∞iÜ«Ú _ç ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q 4) a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ =∂„`«"∞Õ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q.
[: 4
q=~° } :
GDP Ö’ „áê^èqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆO "å\Ï JkèHOõ QÍ LO_»∞@ Pi÷HÍaè=$kúH˜ ã¨∂zHõ HÍ^Œ∞.
ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =º=™ê÷ÑH¨ õ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÀ@∞ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ#flq. Wk Jaè=$k÷H˜ ã¨∂zHõÜ∞Õ .
ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO#∞O_ç, áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÍxH˜ =º=™ê÷ÑH¨ õ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ =KåÛ~Ú. Wk‰õÄ_®
Jaè=$kúH˜ ã¨∂zHõÜ∞Õ .
ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ =$kú [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk. HÍx Jk JO^Œix HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù H˘x [~°QÖÆ ^Ë ∞Œ .=$kúÑÖ¨¶ ÏÅ∞ KåÖÏ =~åæÅ "åiH˜
KÕ~Ö° ^Ë ∞Œ . JO^Œ∞KÕ 11= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ Inclusive Growth x „Ñ¨^•è # JOâ◊OQÍ x~°~‚ ÚOK≥#∞.
11. ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷Hõ=º=ã¨÷ "≥#∞Hõ|_ç LO_»_®xH˜ D „HÕk "å\
"å\˜˜Ö’ XHõ\ ˜ =ÚYºHÍ~°}O
1) JkèHõ [#™êO„^Œ`«
2) =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
3) qxÜ≥∂QÆO HÍx =∂#==#~°∞Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=#O
4) ã¨fiÅÊ`«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
[: 3
ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷H=õ º=÷Ö’ QÆ`H« ˘xfl ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ =KåÛ~Ú.
=¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`« L#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© kQÆ∞=∞u KÕã∞¨ H˘x ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å#∞, =∂#= =#~°∞Å#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎ™ê÷~ÚÖ’
qxÜ≥∂yOK«∞HÀQÆey`Õ Jaè=$kú ™êkèOK«=K«∞Û.
HÍ|\ì̃ ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷ "≥#∞Hõ|_»_®xH˜ qxÜ≥∂QÆO HÍx =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=#"Õ∞.
Note: '' XHõ"Ñ

·≥ Ù¨ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«x ÖË^• `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞, =∞~À"≥Ñ· Ù¨ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«x ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å∞
Hõeã≤ LO_Õ ^ÕâßÅ#∞—— JÅÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅx „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ O x~°fizOz#k.
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APPSC (GROUP-II) EXAM
MODEL PAPER
(5= Ü«¸x\òÃÑ·)
1. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ JãÖ`«∞e`« ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ „HÕk"åxÖ’ U JOâßxH˜ „áê^è•#º`«#∞ W=fiÖË^Œ∞?
1) =ÚO^Œ∞, "≥#∞Hõ JO#∞|O^è•Å∞
2) „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ L`åÊ^ŒHõ HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ (DPA)
3) ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ =º=™ê÷Ñ<¨ å =¸Å^è#Œ O (SOC)
4) qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ã¨=∞`ÒÅºO
[. 4
q=~°} :
Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl K≥ÑÙ¨ `«∂.. =ÚO^Œ∞, "≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ QÆÅ Ñï„â◊=∞Å#∞ "≥Ú^Œ@QÍ
™ê÷ÑO≤ KåÅ<≥#∞. J`«ºkèHõ =ÚO^Œ∞ "≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ W#∞=Ú–L‰õΩ¯ Hõ~å‡QÍ~åxH˜ LO\ÏÜ«∞<≥#∞.
=¸Å^è# Œ , qxÜ≥∂QÆ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ L`«ÊuÎH˜ K≥Ok# ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å#∞ DPA ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ JO^Œ∞~°∞.
qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅ‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜ =KÕÛ L`åÊ^ŒHÍÅ#∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕÜÚ « ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ SOC ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ L^•: q^Œ∞ºK«ÛHù ,Î̃ ~°"å}Ï,
q^Œº "≥ÚII. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O SOC H˘~°`« ^•fi~åQÍx, SOC JkèHºõ `« ^•fi~å QÍx ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ ÃÑ@ì=K«∞Û.
qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ã¨=∞`ÒÅºO LO_ÕÖÏ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ\ÏìÅ<Õk ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û „ÑüáêkOz# ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kúH˜
K≥Ok#k. nxH˜ Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ „áê^è•#º`« W=fiÖË^∞Œ .
2. ^ŒfiO^Œfi Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k.
Z) ^ÕjÜ«∞ =∂Ô~¯\ò, q^Õj =∂Ô~¯\ò Hõeã≤ LO_»∞@
a) P^è∞Œ xHõ Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú =º=™êÜ«∞ "å}˜rºHõ~} ° , ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ KÕu=$`«∞ÅÎ `À#∞, r=<å^è•~°
=º=™êÜ«∞O`À#∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=#O KÕÜÚ« @
1) Z =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) a =∂„`«"∞Õ 3) Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 4) UnHÍ^Œ∞
[. 2
q=~° } :
JÖÏÊaè=$kú Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö ÷ ’ ^ŒfiO^Œfi Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ ÅHõ}
Δ ÏÅ∞ Hõ#|_»∞#∞. D =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ ~Ô O_»∞ qÉèÏQÍÅ∞ Hõ#|_»`å~Ú.
=∂Ô~¯\ò P^è•i`«OQÍ P^è∞Œ xHõ L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ XHõ"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ , r=<å^è•i`«OQÍ ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ =∞~À"≥Ñ· Ù¨
Hõ#|_»∞#∞. HÍ|\ì̃ 2 =∂„`«"∞Õ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # ã¨=∂^è•#O.
3. „HÕk"åxÖ’ ãïHÍx "åHõºO Uk?
1) „Ñ¨ÑO¨ Kåaè=$kú x"ÕkHõ 2009 „Ñ¨HÍ~°O $935 HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O =KÕÛ ^ÕâßÅ#∞ JÖÏÊ^•Ü«∞
^ÕâßÅ∞ JO\Ï~°∞.
2) $11,456 HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O =KÕÛ ^ÕâßÅ#∞ JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ JO\Ï~°∞.
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3) „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« Jaè=$kú x"ÕkHõ#∞ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºOH± "å~°∞ „Ñ¨K∞« iã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞.
4) ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ =sæH~õ } ° Ö’ LOk.
[. 4
q=~°} :
WDR–2009 „Ñ¨HÍ~°O $936 HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= =KÕÛ ^ÕâßÅ#∞ LIC ^ÕâßÅx JO\Ï~°∞.
$11,456 JO`«HO õ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ#∞ JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ JO\Ï~°∞.
WDR x „Ñü ãÖ=`«û~°O „Ñ¨ÑO ¨ K«ÉÏºOH± „Ñ¨K∞« iã¨∞OÎ k.
WDR 2009 „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ÉèÏ~°`« `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O $950. HÍ|\˜ì ÉèÏ~°`^ « âÕ O◊ JkèHPõ ^•Ü«∞ ^ÕâßÅ
=sæH~õ }
° Ö’ ÖË^∞Œ .
4. Pi÷ H Íaè = $kú H ˜ ã¨ O |Okè O z#k
Z) =$kú{ =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ"∞≥ #ÿ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
a) Wk ãÖ‰õΩz`«"∞≥ #ÿ ÉèÏ=# ã≤) Wk n~°H… ÍÖÏxH˜ K≥Ok#k
1) Z =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 3) Z =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 4) Z,a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤
[. 3
q=~°} :
L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ`Àáê@∞ =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ ™êOˆHuHõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú
JO^Œ∞~°∞.
Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J<Õk Pi÷H= õ $kú HõO>Ë qâßÅ"≥∞#ÿ k.
"åãÎ̈qHõ `«Åãï, P^•Ü«∞OÖ’ =KÕÛ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ H˘#™êy`Õ<Õ Jk Pi÷HÍaè=$kú JQÆ∞#∞.
5. =∂#= =¸Å^èŒ# HõÅÊ# J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ ^Õx ^•fi~å "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞QÍ K≥Ñ¨Ê=K«∞Û?
Z) XHõ ^ÕâO◊ =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« <åxfl ÃÑOK«∞@
a) ^Õâ◊ „Ñ¨[Å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ q*Ï˝<åxfl, <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }Ïºxfl, â◊HÎ̃ ™ê=∞~°º÷ =Ú#∞ ÃÑOK«∞@
ã≤) Éè∫uHõ ãÖÑ¨^Œ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ _ç) JÉè∫uHõ ãÖÑ¨^Œ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
1) Z,a =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 2) Z,a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 3) ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 4) a =∞iÜ«Ú _ç
[. 4
q=~°} :
^Õâ◊ „Ñ¨[Å q*Ï˝<åxfl, <≥Ñ · Ù¨ }Ïºxfl, â◊HÎ̃ ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ#∞ ÃÑOá⁄OkOKÕ „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞Õ =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O, Wk JÉè∫uHõ
ãÖÑ¨^‰Œ Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz#k.
6. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ "åºáê~°O Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅHõO>Ë, áêi„âßq∞HõOQÍ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅˆH
Z‰õΩ¯= ÖÏÉèíO#∞ KÕ‰õÄ~°∞Û#∞? nxx ã¨=∞i÷Oz#k?
Z) QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å÷Öò a) ~åÇ¨ïÖò „ÃÑa+π ã≤) Ç¨Ï|~°~¡ ü _ç) _Õq_£ iHÍ~À¤
1) a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 2) ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 3) Z =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 4) Z =∞iÜ«Ú a
[. 4
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q=~°} :
QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åúÖò, „ÃÑa+π, ã≤OQÆ~Å ü "å^Œ#Ö’ "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅ∞ „áê^èqŒ ∞Hõ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ#∞ ZQÆ∞=∞u KÕÜÚ« @ =Å¡, "å\˜
^è~Œ Å° ∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»∞@ =Å¡, JkèHõ ^è~Œ Å° ∞ QÆÅ áêi„âßq∞Hõ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ#∞ kQÆ∞=∞u KÕã∞¨ H˘#∞@ =Å¡, q^Õj =~°HÎ õ
x|O^è#Œ Å∞ áêi„âßq∞HõOQÍ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅˆH J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ LO\Ï~Ú.
7. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑ¨Ù q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïÜ≥ÿ∞# „Hõ=∞O Uk?
1) JÖÏÊ^•Ü«∞=Ú JÅÊ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç JÅÊ _ç=∂O_£ =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
2) JÅÊ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç JÅÊ P^•Ü«∞O JÅÊ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
3) JÅÊ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù JÅÊ _ç=∂O_£ JÅÊ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
4) JÅÊ P^•Ü«∞O JÅÊ _ç=∂O_£ JÅÊ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
[. 4
q=~°} :
¿Ñ^ŒiHõ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂xH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # „Hõ=∞O U^Œ#QÍ _ç=∂O_£"Ñ ·≥ Ù¨ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂ÅÖ’ JÅÊ
P^•Ü«∞O JÅÊ _ç=∂O_£‰Ωõ , JÅÊ _ç=∂O_£ JÅÊ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çH,˜ JÅÊ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç JÅÊ =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« <åxH˜
^•ifÜ«Ú#∞.
_ç=∂O_£ "≥·Ñ¨Ù q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞
8. =∂#"åaè=$kúH˜ K≥Ok# =¸_»∞ JOâßÅ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À HDI x QÆ}˜ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞, „HÕk"åxÖ’ U JOâßxfl

HDI QÆ } #Ö’ fã¨ ∞ HÀÖË ^ Œ ∞ ?
Z) n~°H… ÍÅ=O`«"∞≥ #ÿ r=#O P~ÀQÆºO ( Longevity and health)
a) q*Ï˝#O q^Œº (Knowledge and Education)
ã≤) „ã‘Î =∞iÜ«Ú tâ◊√ J aè=$kú (Women and Child development)
_ç) ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ <åºÜ«∞O =∞iÜ«Ú ™êkèHÍ~°`« ( Social Justice and Empowerment)
W) r=# „Ñ¨=∂}O (Decent standard of living)
1) W =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 3) a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 4) Z =∞iÜ«Ú _ç
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q=~°} :
UNDP "å~°∞ 1990 #∞Oz HDI x 3 JOâßÅ∞ P^è•~°OQÍ ~°∂á⁄Okã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞. Z) n~°H… ÍÅ=O`«"∞≥ #ÿ r=#O.
nxx PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« O`À QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° . a) q*Ï˝#O, nxx JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«`À QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° . ã≤) r=# „Ñ¨=∂}O. nxx `«Åãï
P^•Ü«∞O`À QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° . nxÖ’ PÜ«Ú~åÌÜ∞« O, JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« J<Õq ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ JOâßÅ∞. `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞=∞<Õk Pi÷Hõ
JOâ◊O.
9. Take-off Ñ¨¡=# ^Œâ◊ J<Õ Jaè=$kú ^Œâ◊ Z=~°∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOzi ?
1) ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ 2) ~À™Èì"£ 3) HÍ~ü=¡ ∂~ü¯û 4) #~ü¯û
[. 2
q=~°} :
~À*ˇ<ã £ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞.
~À™Èì"£ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl 5 Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ ◊ Ö’ Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ k. =~°∞ã¨QÍ 5 ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞...1) ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O.
2) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞, 3) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ,◊ 4) ÑïHõfi`«‰Ωõ QÆ=∞#O, 5) J`«ºkèHõ ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^Œâ.◊
HÍ¡~= ü ∂~ü¯û q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`«O K≥ÃÑÊ#∞.
~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞.
10. [iy# Pi÷Hõ=$kú „Ñ¨*Ï ãÖˆHΔ=∂xfl ÃÑOá⁄OkOKåÅO>Ë, „HÕk"åxÖ’ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# +¨~°`«∞ Uk?
1) [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°QÍe 2) P^•Ü«∞O ã¨=∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© HÍ"åe.
3) ^è~Œ Å° ∞ ÃÑ~°QÍe 4) „âßq∞‰õΩx Ñ¨xQÆO@Å∞ ÃÑ~°QÍe.
[. 2
q=~°} :
*ÏfÜ«∞, `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@ÜÕ∞ Pi÷H= õ $kú, *ÏfÜ«∞, `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂Å∞ ÃÑiy#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ „Ñ¨*Ï ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O
ÃÑ~°QÍÅO>Ë `«ÑÊ¨ xãïQÍ ÃÑiy# P^•Ü«∞O „Ñ¨[ÅO^Œi =∞^èºŒ ã¨=∂#OQÍ ÑÖÑ≤}© HÍ"åe. ÖËx Ü≥∞_»Å „Ñ¨[Å
ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°QHÆ áõ È=K«∞Û.
^è~Œ Å° ∞ ÃÑiy<å, [<åÉèÏ ÃÑiy<å, „âßq∞‰õΩxKÕ JkèHOõ QÍ Ñ¨xQÆO@Å∞ Ñ¨xKÕ~ÚOz<å "≥Ú`«OÎ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O
ÃÑ~°Q=Æ K«∞Û. HÍh „Ñ¨*Ï ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O `«Q=æÆ K«∞Û.
P=∞~°ºÎ ¿ã<£ W = μ (1-G) J<Õ ãÖHˆ = Δ ∞ ã¨∂p ‰õÄ_®, `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy, P^•Ü«∞O Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ `«y`æ Õ
ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#x ã¨∂zã¨∞OÎ k.
11. Pi÷Hõ =$kúH˜, =∂#"åaè=$kúH˜ =∞^èŒº ãÖ|O^èŒO Ñ¨@¡ ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k Uk?
Z) `«‰Ωõ ¯= Pi÷H=õ $kú ‰õÄ_® JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kúH˜ ™ê^èºŒ O HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
a) JkèHõ Pi÷H=õ $kú, „Ñü™êi JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kúQÍ =∂~°ÖHË áõ È=K«∞Û.
ã≤) JkèHõ Pi÷H=õ $kú JkèHõ =∂#"åaè =$kú J™ê^èºŒ O
_ç) JkèHõ Pi÷H=õ $kú, JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kú ~Ô O_»∂ ™ê^èºŒ =∞QÆ∞@ P^Õâ◊ q^è•<åÅÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞.
1) Z,a =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 2) a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 3) Z, ã≤ & _ç 4) Z, a & ã≤
[. 1
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q=~°} :
`«‰Ωõ ¯= Pi÷Hõ =$kú =^ŒÌ ‰õÄ_® JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kú ™ê^èºŒ =∞QÆ∞#∞. L^•: <åˆ~fi
JkèHõ Pi÷H= õ $kú JkèHõ =∂#"å=$kúH˜ ^•ifÜ«∞HõáÈ=K«∞Û.
™ê^è•~°}OQÍ JkèHõ Pi÷H= õ $kú, JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kúH˜ ^•ifÜ«Ú#∞.
J~Ú`Õ XHõ ^ÕâO ◊ J=ÅOaOKÕ q^è•<åÅÃÑ,· JkèHõ Pi÷H=õ $kú, JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kúH˜ ^ÀÇ¨Ï^ŒÑ_¨ _» O» J<Õk
P^è•~°Ñ¨_»∞#∞.
12. eãπ ì – 1(ã¨ Q Æ @ ∞ ~° H ÍÅ∞) eãπ ì – 2
Z) QÆ∞} =∞^Œº=∞O (GM) 1. z#fl JOâßxH˜ JkèHõ „áê^è•#º`« WK«∞Û@
a) Ç¨Ï~° =∞^Œº=∞O (HM) 2. nx #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ∞ "≥Ú`«OÎ 'ã¨∞#fl—
ã≤) JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O (AM) 3. qÅ∞=#∞ ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® K«∂Ñ¨=K«∞Û
_ç) ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ (Z) 4. âß`åÅ∞, x+¨Ê`«∞ÅÎ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞
5. crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=# (Mathematical operations) ‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞.
1) Z–4, a–5, ã≤–2, _ç–1 2) Z–2, a–1, ã≤–3, _ç–5
3) Z–4, a–1, ã≤–2, _ç–5 4) Z–2, a–5, ã≤–3, _ç–1
[. 3
q=~°} : 2
σ
QÆ∞} =∞^Œº=∞O (GM) : Wk x+¨Ê`«∞Å Î ∞, âß`åÅ∞ QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, =∞Oz ã¨Q@ Æ ∞QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆ_∞» #∞.
Ç¨Ï~° =∞^Œº=∞O (HM) : Wk JÅÊ JOâßÅ‰õΩ JkèHõ „áê^è•#º`«, JkèHõ JOâßÅ‰õΩ JÅÊ „áê^è•#º`« WK«∞Û#∞.
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O (AM) : ~åâ◊√Å "≥Ú`åÎxfl, ~åâ◊√Å ãÖMºKÕ ÉèÏy¿ãÎ =ã¨∞O Î k. Jã¨Å∞ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz
fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ã¨∞#fl‰õΩ ã¨=∂#=∞QÆ∞#∞.
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HO õ (Z) : Wk ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞, Jxfl JOâßÅÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ç QÆ}O˜ K«|_»^∞Œ . JO^Œ∞KÕ Mathematical
Treat ment H˜ LÑ¨Ü∂ ≥ QÆÑ_¨ ^» ∞Œ .
13. Assertion (A) : x „âı}˜ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ qã¨Î $u ZÅ¡Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∂ ^•x „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO_»∞#∞. Reason (R) : qã¨Î $u J<Õk „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =~°æ=Ú.
1) A =∞iÜ«Ú R Å∞ "åãÎ̈"åÖË. =∞iÜ«Ú R J<Õk AH˜ ã¨~Ô #· q=~°}
2) A =∞iÜ«Ú R Å∞ ~Ô O_»∂ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #"Õ. HÍh R J<Õk AH˜ ãÔ̈~#· q=~°} HÍ^Œ∞.
3) A J<Õk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k. R J"åã¨qÎ HõO. 4) A J<Õk J"åã¨=Î O. R ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #^Õ.
[. 1
q=~°} :
qã¨Î $u J<Õk „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =~°O æ . nxx ãÖHˆ `«OQÍ Variance = K«∂Ñ≤™êÎ~∞° . JO^Œ∞KÕ „âı}˜
qã¨Î $u ZÅ¡ÑÙ¨ Ê_»∞ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
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14. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º ˆ~MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å „HÕk"åxÖ’ U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ã¨QÆ@∞#∞ JOK«<å "ÕÜ«∞QÆÅ=Ú ?
1) QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 2) Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 3) =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú 4) ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
[. 3
q=~°} :
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú QÆ}` ˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞, HÍ|\ì̃ g\˜x ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å K«∂Ñ¨Ö=Ë Ú.
=∞^ŒºQÆ`= « Ú, ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú J<Õq ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞, g\˜x ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å K«∂Ñ¨=K«∞Û.
=∞^èºŒ QÆ`åxfl ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º ~ ˆ Y J<Õ Fl"£ =„Hõ̂~Y ^•fi~å JOK«<å "ÕÜ∞« =K«∞Û
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl ™Èáê# Ñ¨@O ^•fi~å JOK«<å "ÕÜ∞« K«∞Û.
15. 1970 =∞iÜ«Ú 1990 ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz ^èŒ~°Å#∞ 1990 ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz
Ñ¨ i =∂}Ïxfl W=fi_»O [iy#Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ã¨∂p ãÖYº#∞ QÆ}ÕK«=K«∞Û?
1) =∂~°¬Öò Z_£̊=~üÎ ã¨∂p 2) Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p
3) áêjÛ ã¨∂p 4) ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p
[. 3
q=~°} :
ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p ãÖYºÖ’ P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}Ïxfl ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞.
áêjÛ ã¨∂p ãÖYº x~å‡}OÖ’ „Ñ¨ã∞¨ ` Î « ãÖ=`«û~°O Ñï=∂}Ïxfl ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞. HÍ|\ì̃ ÃÑ· ã¨=∂Kå~°O
P^è•~°OQÍ ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂px QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú. áêjÛ ã¨∂px QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
16. D „HÕk"åxÖ’ U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# QÆ}ÏOHõ H˘Å`« ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x Jxfl K«Å~åâ◊√Å#∞ P^è•~°OQÍ KÕã¨∞‰õΩx
QÆ } ˜ O K« | _» ∞ #∞?
1) K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú 2) "åºÑ≤Î 3) ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú 4) QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
[. 4
q=~°} :
K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=ÚÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ 25% JOâßÅ∞, z=i 25% JOâßÅ∞ q_çzÃÑ\˜ì =∞^èºŒ Ö’ L#fl 50% JOâßÅ
P^è•~°OQÍ Q.D. x QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
"åºÑ≤Ö Î ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ JOâ◊O, z=i JOâ◊O fã¨∞‰õΩx =∞^èºŒ Ö’ L#fl Jxfl JOâßÅ#∞ qã¨‡i™êÎ~∞° .
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HO õ Ö’ U qÅ∞= Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«=∞QÆ∞<À ^•x<Õ ÑïQÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∂xfl ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x K«Å~åâ◊√ÅxflO\˜ P^è•~°OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx QÆ}™ ˜ êÎ~∞° .
17. XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O ^èŒ<å`«‡Hõ "≥·+¨=∞ºO Hõey L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ „HÕk "åxÖ’ Uk ã¨Ô~·#k?
1) JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú > =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú > ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
2) JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú < =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
3) JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ´ =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú ´ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
4) =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú < JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
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q=~°} :
XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O J~Ú`Õ ^•xÖ’ "≥+ · =¨ ∞ºO LO_»^∞Œ . nxÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ,
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍÅ∞ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO\Ï~Ú.
^Œ`åÎOâ◊O J™œ+¨= ì OQÍ LO>Ë "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO LO@∞Ok.
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HO õ HõO>Ë JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O Z‰õΩ¯"≥`· Õ Jk ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO.
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O HõO>Ë ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HO õ Z‰õΩ¯"≥`· Õ Jk ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
=∞^ŒºQÆÒ « ZÑ¨ÙÊ_»∂ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xH˜, ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxH˜ =∞^èºŒ Ö’ LO_»∞#∞.
18. ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO '–1— J~Ú`Õ Jk U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ã¨Ç¨Ï|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
1) ã¨ÇÏ¨ ã¨|O^èOŒ ÖË^∞Œ 2) ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ã¨|O^è=Œ Ú
3) `«‰Ωõ ¯= ã¨ÇÏ¨ ã¨|O^è=Œ Ú 4) ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú
[. 4
q=~°} :
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èO Œ qÅ∞= ZÑ¨ÙÊ_»∂ –1H˜ {1H˜ =∞^èºŒ Ö’ LO_»∞#∞. –1 ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl, {1
ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞.
0 J<Õk ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~åÇ≤Ï`åºxfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù=Ú.
0.25 J<Õk `«‰Ωõ ¯= ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
19. Ñ¶≤Ñ¶¨~ü P^Œ~°≈ã¨∂p „HÕk "åxÖ’ U Ñ¨sHõΔ#∞ ã¨±O`«$Ñ≤ÎÑ¨~°∞K«∞#∞ ?
1) HÍÅÑï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ 2) HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ
3) HÍÅ =∞iÜ«Ú HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ 4) K«„H©Ü∞« Ñ¨sHõΔ (Circular Test)
[. 3
q=~°} :
Ñ¶+ ≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº Ü«¸x\ò Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞, HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞, HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ K° ∞« #∞.
J~Ú`Õ Wk K«„H©Ü∞« Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ K° Ö« ^Ë ∞Œ .
20. „HÕk "åxÖ’ q=$`åO`« `«~°QÆ`«∞Ö’¡ (Open ends) QÆ}ÕK«_®xH˜ gÅ∞ÖËx QÆ}ÏOHõâß„ã¨Î
H˘Å=∂#"Õ∞k ?
1) =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 2) JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
3) ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4) K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
[. 2
q=~°} :
=∞^ŒºQÆÒ « , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ , K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ qK«Å<åÅ∞ ^Œ`åÎâO◊ Ö’x Jxfl JOâßÅ#∞ ÑïQÆ}#Ö’H˜ fã¨∞HÀ‰õΩO_®
QÆ}O˜ K«|_»`å~Ú. JO^Œ∞OKÕ g\˜x q=$`åO`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« Ö’¡ ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û. HÍh JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞<Õk ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x
Jxfl K«Å~åâ◊√Å P^è•~°OQÍ QÆ}O˜ K«|_»∞#∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl q=$`åO`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« Ö’¡ QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
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=$kú – Jaè=$kú : =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞

=$kú J~° ÷ = Ú
N=∞u Ç≤ÏH±û, +¨μOÑ‘@~üÖÏO\˜ Pi÷H" õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞ Pi÷H=õ $kú,Jaè=$kú J<Õ Ñ¨^•Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨Ê+ì̈"∞≥ #ÿ =º`åº™êxfl K«∂Ñ≤OKå~°∞.
=$kú .
^ÕâO ◊ Ö’ =ã¨∞¿Î ã=Å L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÖË Pi÷H=õ $kú. L^• : *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ. Wk Ñï=∂}Ï`«‡Hõ
=∂~°∞Ê#∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. Wk ãÖ‰õΩz`« ÉèÏ=#.
J~Ú`Õ D L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ –n~°H… ÍÅOQÍ LO_®e.
–"åãÎ̈= L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°QÍe.
– `«Åãï L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°QÍe.
Pi÷ H Íaè = $kú
L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ`Àáê@∞ =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ, ™êOˆHuHõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ Jaè=$kú JO^Œ∞~°∞.
Wk qâßÅ"≥∞#ÿ ÉèÏ=#.
Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ´ Pi÷Hõ =$kú { =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ"∞≥ #ÿ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
´ =$kú { ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O
H˘#™êyOK« Q Æ e ˆ Q Jaè = $kú
Éèq í +¨º`ü `«~åÅ "åi J=ã¨~åÅ∞ f~°∞Û‰õΩ<Õ ™ê=∞~°º÷ O ^≥|ƒfÜ«∞‰õΩO_® „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « `«~O° "å~°∞ `«=∞ J=ã¨~åÅ∞ f~°∞ÛHÀ=_»"∞Õ
H˘#™êyOKÕ Jaè=$kú Jx „|\òÖÏO_£ Hõq∞+¨<£ 1987Ö’ x~°fizOK≥#∞.
„Ñ¨ÑO ¨ K« Ñ¨~åº=~°} Jaè=$kú Hõq∞+¨<£ 'our common future' J<Õ Ããq∞<å~ü iáÈ~üÖì ’ D Ñ¨^•xfl "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK≥#∞.
'P^è Œ ∞ xHõ =$kú —x q=iOz#k 'Ãã= · ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû—.
Pi÷Hõ=$kú–Jaè=$kú =∂Ñ¨#Å∞
Pi÷H=õ $kú [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fln, ÖËxn *ÏfÜ«∞^•Ü«∞O ^•fi~å "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ QÆ}O˜ KÕ"å~°∞. `«~∞° "å`« Z‰õΩ¯==∞Ok Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞
`«Åãï P^•Ü«∂xfl =∂Ñ¨#OQÍ P"≥∂kOKå~°∞.
Pi÷HÍaè=$kú |Ç¨ï=ÚY „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« . 1960 ^ŒâH◊ Oõ =~°‰Ωõ Pi÷HÍaè=$kúx =∂Ñ¨#O KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎx, `«~∞° "å`«
`«Åãï P^•Ü«∂xfl fã¨∞H˘<åfl~°∞. `«~∞° "å`« ãïH˘`«Î ã¨∂zHõÅ∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞.
1. "åã¨Î= ã¨∂÷Å *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎ : ÃÑiy`Õ Jaè=$kú [iy#@∞¡QÍ ÉèÏqOK«=K«Ûx Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû, g#~ü ÖÏO\˜
Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞ ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. J~Ú`Õ [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åxfl Wk ÑïQÆ}O˜ K«^∞Œ .
2. `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O : *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎ HõO>Ë "åãÎ̈qHõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ ã¨∂zHõ Jx Å∂~Úãπ,
Öˇa· <£ã<ì‘ Ö£ ÏO\˜ Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞ ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. J~Ú`Õ P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl Wk ÑïQÆ}O˜ K«^∞Œ .
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3. xHõ~° Pi÷Hõ ãÖˆHΔ=∞ ã¨∂z (NEW)
{ Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ H˘Å=∂<åxfl qeÜ«∞O #~°=÷ Ùãπ, *Ë"∞£ û\’a<£Å∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞.
{ nxx H˘kÌQÍ =∂iÛ 'xHõ~° Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O—QÍ âß=¸ºÖòã<¨ £ ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ>ì̌#∞.
{ xHõ~° Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ ã¨∂p ´ "åãÎ̈= ã¨∂Å÷ *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎ { q„âßOu ã¨=∞Ü«∞O {=∂Ô~¯\òÜ∞Õ `«~° HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞
– Ñ¨~åº=~°} HÍÅ∞ëêºxH˜ JÜÕ∞º =ºÜ«∞O
4. P.Q.L.I Éè∫uHõ r=# „Ñ¨=∂} ã¨∂p (Physical Quality of life Index)
{1979Ö’ "≥∂iãπ _Õq_£ "≥∂iãπ Pi÷Hˆ `«~° JOâßÅ`À P.Q.L.I. x ~°∂á⁄OkOK≥#∞.
{ nxx Z) „Ñ¨[Å PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« O (XHõ ãÖII #∞Oz)
a) tâ◊√ =∞~°} ~ˆ @∞
ã≤) JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« J<Õ 3 JOâßÅ P^è•~°OQÍ ~°∂á⁄OkOK≥#∞.
5. =∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂p(HDI) (Human Development Index)
{ 1990 #∞Oz U.N.D.P. (United Nations Development Programme) "å~°∞ nxx =∂#"åaè=$kú x"ÕkHõÖ’
„Ñ¨K«∞iã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
{ H.D.I ~°∂Ñ¨teÊ áêH˜™êÎ<£ ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok# =∞Ç¨Ï|∂Éò–LÖò–Ç¨ÏH±
{ nxx Z) „Ñ¨[Å PÜ«Ú~åÌÜ∞« O (Ñ¨Ù\˜#ì Ñ¨Ê\˜ #∞Oz)
a) JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«
ã≤) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O GDP (US$ PPPÅÖ’) J<Õ 3 JOâßÅ∞ (™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ{Pi÷H)õ P^è•~°OQÍ
~°∂á⁄Okã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. 2010 HDR Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ 119 = ~åºO‰õΩ á⁄Ok#k.
{ P^è∞Œ xHõ Pi÷Hõ =$kúH˜ Z‰õΩ¯==∞Ok P"≥∂kã¨∞#Î fl =∂Ñ¨#O H.D.I
6. G.D.I. eOQÆ ãÖ|Okè`« Jaè=$kú ã¨∂z (Gender Related Development Index)
{ nxx UNDP "å~°∞ 1995 #∞Oz ~°∂á⁄Okã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞. HDI Ö’x JOâßÖË „ã‘,Î Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨μÅ‰õΩ "Õ~∞° "Õ~∞° QÍ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
2010 Ö’ Gender Inequality Index x QÆ}O˜ K≥#∞.
7. GEM eOQÆ ™êkèHÍi`« H˘Å=∂x (Gender Empowerment Measure)
{ ÑïáêÅ#, ~å[H©Ü∞« , Pi÷Hõ JOâßÅÖ’ „ã‘ÅÎ ∞ U "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ áêÖÁæO@∞<åfl~À Wk `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
8. HPI-I, HPI-II (Human Poverty Index)
{ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ 1997 #∞Oz HPI-I #∞ QÆ}ã˜ ∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞.
{ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ 1998 #∞Oz HPI-II x QÆ}ã˜ ∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞. 2010Ö’ Multi-Dimensional Human
Poverty Index x ~°∂á⁄OkOzi.
9. Green Index :
{ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºO‰õΩ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ñ¨~åº=~°}, H˘#™êyOK«^yŒ # Jaè=$kú qÉèÏQÆO nxx Jaè=$kú KÕãO≤ k.
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Z) L`«ÊuÎ KÕã#≤ Pã¨∞ÅÎ ∞
a) ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞
ã≤) =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞ J<Õ D 3 JOâßÅ ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O`À nxx QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
10. EDI ( Economic Development Index)
nxx ÉèÏ~°`Hü ˜ K≥Ok# NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research) "å~°∞ Jaè=$kú
KÕâß~°∞.
Z) q^•º™ê÷~Ú ã¨∂zHõ a) P~ÀQÆº=$kú ã¨∂zHõ ã≤) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O J<Õ 3 JOâßÅ`À QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
„Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« Jaè=$kú x"ÕkHHõ#∞ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºO‰õΩ "å~°∞ „Ñ¨K∞« i™êÎ~∞° .
=$kú, ÑÖÑ≤}© =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖˆHΔ=∞O
™ê^è•~°}OQÍ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy`Õ Pi÷Hõ =$kú [iy, Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
J~Ú`Õ P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨=∂#OQÍ [iy#Ñ¨Ù_Õ, P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy`Õ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
„HÕk Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« ÅÖ’ P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy<å ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°QHÆ áõ È=K«∞Û.
Z) ^è~Œ Å° ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@=Å¡ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy<å,
a) „âßq∞‰õΩÅKÕ Z‰õΩ¯= Ñ¨x QÆO@Å∞ Ñ¨xKÕ~ÚOK«∞@ =Å¡ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy<å,
μ ÃÑiy<å,
ã≤) *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ HõO>Ë, [<åÉèÏ "ÕQOÆ QÍ
_ç) J#∞`åÊ^ŒHõ =ã¨∞=Î Å L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@ =Å¡ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy<å,
W) *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy#Ñ¨Ê\˜H,© P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨=∂#OQÍ ÖËHáõ È`Õ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°Q^Æ ∞Œ .
ãÖHˆ =Δ ∂xfl H˘eKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=∞~°ºÎ ¿ã<££ „HÕk ã¨∂zHõ#∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞.
W= (1-G)
W´ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O, ´ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O, G´ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å H˘Å=∂#O

JÖÏÊaè=$kú Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅ∞
SHõº~å[ºã¨q∞u JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ#∞ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ∞QÍ =i‚ã∞¨ OÎ k.
„Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºO‰õΩ, ^ÕâßÅ `«Åãï GNI (GNP) P^è•~°OQÍ, „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ^ÕâßÅ#∞ JÅÊ, =∞^èºŒ , JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞
^ÕâßÅ∞QÍ =sæHiõ ã¨∞OÎ k. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« Jaè=$kú x"ÕkHõ 2010 „Ñ¨HÍ~°O (WDR)
JÅÊ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ : $ 975 JO`«HOõ >Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞
=∞^èºŒ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ : $976 #∞O_ç 11,905 =∞^èºŒ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞
JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ : $11,906 JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞
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Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ#∞ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« =ÚiH˜"å_»Å∞QÍ ÔH·~°<£ „HÍãπ Jaè=i‚OK≥#∞.
JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅ∞
1. `«‰õΩ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O LO@∞Ok. L^• : qx=∞Ü«∞ ~ˆ @∞ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O (2010
WDR „Ñ¨HÍ~°O) $1070, H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ â◊HÎ˜ ã¨=∂#`« „Ñ¨HÍ~°O (PPP$). $ 2,930.
2. =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆ PkèHõº`« Hõ#|_»∞#∞. L^•: 2001 <å\˜H˜ =∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆOÃÑ· 58% „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞
P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» K«∞<åfl~°∞. 2009–10Ö’ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 15% "å\Ï *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO #∞OKÕ =ã¨∞OÎ k.
3. JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ LO_»∞#∞. L^• : 2001–2011 =∞^èºŒ =∞#^Õâ◊ ^Œâß|Ì [<åÉèÏ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 17.64%, D HÍÅOÖ’
™êO=`«ûiHõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 1.64%.
4. JkèHõ x~°∞^Àºy`«, „Ñ¨K«Ûù#fl x~°∞^Àºy`« LO_»∞#∞.
– ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ x~°∞^Àºy`« ã¨fiÉèÏ=O =º=™ê÷Ñ~¨ "° ∞≥ #ÿ k. n~°H… ÍeHõ"∞≥ #ÿ k. Wk =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`« =Å¡
U~°Ê_çOk.
– U^≥<· å ~°OQÆOÖ’ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ x=∞QÆ∞flÖˇ· LO>Ë, "åix „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl
x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ JO^Œ∞~°∞. gi LáêO`« L`«ÊuÎ â◊¥#ºO. =∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ Hõ#Ñ¨_∞» #∞.
– „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ x[ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=K«Ûx ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û ¿Ñ~˘¯#∞#∞.
5. =¸Å^èŒ#O H˘~°`«QÍ LO_»∞#∞. `«‰Ωõ ¯= P^•Ü«∞O, `«‰Ωõ ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù, `«‰Ωõ ¯= ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å‰õΩ ^•ifÜ«Ú#∞.
6. P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
– P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ QÆ}O˜ K«∞@‰õΩ ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y "å_»`å~°∞.
– P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å™ê÷~Úx yx QÆ∞}HõO ^•fi~å H˘Å∞™êÎ~∞° .
– Jaè=$kú „áê~°OÉèí ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`åÜ«∞x `«~∞° "å`« `«Q∞Æ `æ åÜ«∞x Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû u~°Q"Æ ãÕ #≤
'U' ÑïHõÅÊ# (Inverted 'U' hypothesis) #∞ „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞.
7. JÅÊ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl, JÅÊ L`åÊ^ŒHõ`«#∞ Hõey LO\Ï~Ú.
8. D ^ÕâßÅ∞ `«‰õΩ¯= =∂#"åaè=$k $kúx Hõey LO\Ï~Ú.
– 2010 =∂#"åaè=$kú x"ÕkHõÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü 119= ~åºOH±#∞ Hõey LOk.
9. Pi÷Hõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO Hõ#|_»∞#∞. ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ ‰õÄ_® D ÅHõ} Δ O Hõ#Ñ¨_∞» #∞.
– ™êOˆHuHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO – ÉˇOl=∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£
– ™ê=∂lHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO – É’ˆH
– q`«Î ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO – q∞O\ò
10. JkèHõ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO LO@∞Ok.
– NSSO "åi 61= ~“O_£ JOK«<åÅ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO URP „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 28% HÍQÍ, MRP
„Ñ¨HÍ~°O 22%QÍ #"≥∂^≥O· k.
– ÅHÍ¤"åÖÏ ã¨∂„`«O P^è•~°OQÍ ¿Ñ^ŒiHÍxfl QÆ}ã˜ ∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞.
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JÖÏÊaè = $kú H ˜ HÍ~° } ÏÅ∞
Z) =∂Ô~¯\ò JãÖÑ¨Ó~°`‚ Å« ∞
a) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ – ~åQÆfl~ü #~ü¯û „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞.
ã≤) JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ ∞
Jaè = $kú ^Œ â ◊ Å ∞
Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ ◊ #∞ qâı+¡ }
¨ KÕã#≤ "åiÖ’ HÍ~ü=¡ ∂~ü¯ û, ~À™Èì"£ =ÚYºÅ∞.
1. HÍ~ü¡=∂~ü¯û Jaè=$kú ^Œâ◊Å∞
Z) Pk=∞ ã¨=∂[O (Primitive communism)
a) ÉÏxã¨ ^Œâ◊ (Slavary)
ã≤) Éè∂í ™êfi=∞º ^Œâ◊ (Feudalism)
_ç) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s q^è•#O (Capitalism)
W) ™ê=∞º"å^ŒO (Socialism)
ZÑ¶)π Hõ=¸ºx[O (Communism)
=∂~ü¯ û ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ z=i ^Œâ◊ Hõ=¸ºx[O
ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö ÷ ’ ÃÑiˆQ x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ ''WO_»„ã≤Ü
ì ∞« Öò i[~üfi_£ Ps‡—— QÍ Ñ≤eK≥#∞.
=∂~ü¯ û 3 ÉèÏ=#Å∞ LÑ¨Ü∂ ≥ yOK≥#∞.
q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞= = S
Z) „âßq∞Hõ ^ÀÑ≤_ô (q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞=) ´ ---------- ---
C
S #
K«~° =¸Å^è Œ O V
V+ C
a) OCC (Organic Composition of Capital) = C = ã≤~
÷° =¸Å^è#Œ O,
V= K«~° =¸Å^è#Œ O,
S = q∞QÆ∞Å∞
ã≤) ÖÏÉèÏÅ ~ˆ @∞´

„âßq∞Hõ ^ÀÑ≤_ô ÃÑiˆQ H˘nÌ ÖÏÉèÏÅ ~
ˆ @∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
OCC ÃÑiˆQ H˘nÌ ÖÏÉèÏÅˆ~@∞ `«Q∞Æ # æ ∞.
`«~∞° "å`« HÍÅOÖ’ =∂~ü¯ û ^ŒâÅ◊ ã≤^•úO`åxfl q.S.Öˇx<£ qãïÎ OK≥#∞.
2.Ãã·=∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<≥\òû Jaè„áêÜ«∞O :

‰õΩ*ò<\ ≥ òû Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ #∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯#ÖË^∞Œ HÍx Jaè=$kú U ~°OQÆO #∞O_ç U~°OQÍxH˜ =∂ˆ~k ¿Ñ~˘¯<≥#∞
Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „áê~°OÉèO í Ö’ =º=™êÜ«∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Q÷ Í LO_»∞#∞. ™êOˆHuHÍaè=$kú [iˆQH˘nÌ =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO "å\Ï
`«yæ kfifÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO "å\Ï ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞. „âßq∞Hõ â◊HÎ̃ ‰õÄ_® „áê^èqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆO #∞Oz, kfifÜ«∞ ~°OQÍxH˜ =∞~°Å∞#∞.
z=iH˜ „âßq∞Hõ â◊HÎ̃ `«$fÜ«∞ ~°OQÍxH˜ =∞~°Å∞#∞. L`«ÊuÎÖ’ JkèHõ "å\Ï `«$fÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO #∞Oz ÅaèOK«∞#∞.
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3. ~À™Èì"£ =$kú ^Œâ◊Å ã≤^•úO`«O
"=$kú ^ŒâÅ ◊ ∞", ~À™Èì"`£ À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk.
~À™Èì"£ ~°zOz# 'The stages of Economic Growth' 1960Ö’ „Ñ¨K∞« i`«"∞≥ O ÿ k.
nxx A non-communist manifesto J<Õ sub-title `À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° .
=∂~ü¯û ã≤^•úO`åxH˜ Wk „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞OQÍ LOk. ~À™Èì"£ =$kú ^ŒâÅ ◊ ∞ 5.
Z) ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O (Traditional Society)
a) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ HÍ"åeû# =ÚO^Œ∞ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞ (The pre-condition for take-off)
ã≤) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ (The take-off)
_ç) ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ QÆ=∞#O (The Drive to maturity)
W) ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆO (The age of high mass consumption)
Ñ¨= ¡ # ^Œâ◊ ~À™Èì"£ ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ Ju =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ ^Œâ.◊
– D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ 10% ÃÑ#· ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
– D ^Œâ#◊ ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩ#fl ^ÕâO◊ WOQÍ¡O_»∞.
ÉèÏ~°`^ « âÕ O◊ 1952Ö’ Ñ¨=¡ # ^ŒâÖ◊ ’H˜ „Ñ¨"tÕ Oz 1964–65 ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ#◊ ∞ ^•\Õk.
Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ `«~∞° "å`« Drive to maturity ^Œâ◊ =K«∞Û#∞. nxx stage of self sustained growth JO^Œ∞~°∞. ™êOˆHuHõ
Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl Jxfl ~°OQÍÖ’¡ qxÜ≥∂y™êÎ~∞° . D ^Œâ#◊ ∞ ‰õÄ_® =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ WOQÍ¡O_»∞ á⁄Ok#k.
High mass consumption age #∞ "≥Ú^Œ\QÍ KÕi# ^ÕâO ◊ J"≥∞iHÍ.
*ˇ.ÔH.QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü `«# 'Affluent Society' J<Õ „QÆO^äOŒ Ö’ 'Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ ã¨ÑÜ¡¨ ∞ü ã¨=∞ã¨º‰õΩ |^Œ∞Å∞ _ç=∂O_£ H˘~°`«
ã¨=∞ã¨º#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞Ok— Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯<≥#∞.
=$kúH˜ P^è•~åÅ∞
=$kúx x~°~‚ ÚOKÕ JOâßÅ∞ 2 ~°HÍÅ∞.
1. Pi÷Hõ HÍ~°HÍÅ∞ 2. Pi÷ ˆ H `« ~ ° HÍ~° H ÍÅ∞
Z) ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ Z) ~å[H©Ü∞« JOâßÅ∞
a) =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ# a) ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ JOâßÅ∞
ã≤) =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O, [<åÉèÏ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « – L=∞‡_ç ‰õΩ@∞O|O
_ç) ™êOˆHuHõ „Ñ¨QuÆ – ™êkèOKåÅ<Õ HÀiHõ
W) Trade & Aid (=~°HÎ =õ Ú =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O) – =∞`«O
ZÑ¶)π =∂Ô~¯\ò Ñï=∂}O
J^Œ#OQÍ XHõ Ü«¸x\ò =ã¨∞= Î Ù#∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ ZO`« =¸Å^è#Œ O J=ã¨~"° ∂≥ `≥eÜ«∞*Ë¿ã^Õ ICOR
(Incremental Capital Output Ratio).
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Ç¨Ï~å_£, _À=∞~ü Pi÷HÍaè=$kú #=¸<åÖ’ =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« # „áê^è•#º`«#∞ <˘H˜¯ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞.
q^Œº, P~ÀQÆºO, <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ºOÃÑ· KÕ¿ã ÃÑ@∞ì|_Õ =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O
[<åÉèÏ ã≤^•úO`åxfl âß„ã‘Ü Î ∞« ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ `À "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ q=iOz#k =∂ÖÏ÷<.£
An Essay on the principles of population J<Õ „QÆO^äO Œ Ö’ =∂ÖÏ÷ãπ nxfl K«iÛOK≥#∞.
1815Ö’ Z_»fi~ü¤ "≥ãìπ ''JaèÅ+¨}Ü © ∞« [<åÉèÏ ã≤^•úO`åxfl—— "≥Ú^Œ@QÍ K«iÛOK≥#∞. `«~∞° "å`« ã≤_qç̊ H±, Z_çfi<£ HÍ#<£,
_®Åì<Å£ ∞ D ã≤^•úO`åxfl Jaè=$kú KÕâß~°∞.
''„Ñ¨H$õ u XHõ Éè’[#âßÅ =O\˜k. nxÖ’ PÇ¨fix`«∞ÅˆH Éè’[#O Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k—— – =∂Å÷ã.π
''Ñ¨Ù>Ëì „Ñü a_»¤ á⁄@ì`Àáê@∞ 2 HÍà◊√§, KÕ`∞« Å`À Ñ¨Ù_»`å_»∞—— – HÍ#<£.
[<åÉèÏ Ñï}Ï=∞ ã≤^•úO`åxfl ^ä•=∞ûãπ =∞iÜ«Ú <À\˜ã<ì‘ Å£ ∞ q=iOK≥#∞. D ã≤^•úO`åxfl HÀÖò =∞iÜ«Ú Ç¨˙=~üÅ∞
3 ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞QÍ#∞, ÉÏ¡H~õ ü 5 ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞QÍ#∞ q=iOzi.
L`åÊ^ŒHÍÅ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @∞ HõO>Ë L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ^•xx L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « JO^Œ∞~°∞.
'Jaè=$kú K≥Ok#, Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èºŒ q^Õj "åºáê~°O [iy`Õ, Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅˆH =~°HÎ õ
x|O^è#Œ Å∞, q^Õj "åºáê~°O J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ LO_»∞#∞— J<Õ ã≤^•úO`åxfl ã¨=∞i÷Oz#k – „ÃÑa¶ +π, ã≤OQÆ~,ü q∞~åÌÖò.
Dual-gap model : ^≥· fiq^Œº JO`«~O ° J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ K≥<ås (Chenery) qâı+¡ } ¨ KÕ¿ã#∞.
Z) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù JO`«~O°
a) q^Õj=∂~°Hõ „^Œ=º JO`«~O° .
ÃÑ· ~Ô O\˜x ^≥· fiq^Œº JO`«~O° JO^Œ∞~°∞.
g\˜x q^Õj ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O (Foreign Aid) ^•fi~å `˘ÅyOK«=K«∞Û.
=$kú =ÓºÇ¨Å∞
qq^èŒ „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∂ÅÖ’ P ^Õâ◊ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ q^è•<åxfl Z#∞flHÀ=_»"∞Õ =ÓºÇ¨ÏO.
1. aQ∑ Ñ¨Ù+π : nxx ~À*ˇ<£ã‘ì<£ ~À_®
~À_®<£ „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞
– Notes on the theory of Big Push in Economic Development of Latin America J<Õ "åºãÖÖ’
nxx q=iOK≥#∞.
– JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ P@OHÍÅ#∞ JkèQqÆ ∞Oz =$kú =∂~°Oæ Ö’ Ñ¨Ü∞« xOKåÅO>Ë ÉèÏs ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ J=ã¨~O° .
– JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞, ÉÏÇ¨Ïº P^•Ü«∂Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« WK≥Û#∞.
– L`«ÊuÎÖ’ JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞ (Indivisibility), _ç=∂O_»∞Ö’ JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞, á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’ JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞ Jx 3 ~°HÍÅ
JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<≥#∞. g\˜`À áê@∞ =∂#ã≤Hõ JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨™êÎqOK≥#∞.
– „Ñ¨MÏºuQÍOz# áê^Œ~H° ‰Δõ Ωõ Å Ñï„â◊=∞ L^•Ç¨Ï~°} ~À_®<£^.Õ
2. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O (Balanced Growth)
– ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£, ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û, P~°~÷ ü Å∂~¸ãπÅ∞ nxx ã¨=∞i÷Ozi.
– J~Ú`Õ D ã≤^•úO`åxfl Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ k ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û.
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– Problems of Capital Formation in under Developed countries J<Õ „QÆO^äO
Œ Ö’ K«iÛOK≥#∞.
– ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å#∞ q=iOz#k ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
– ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ L`åÊ^ŒHõ`«, P^•Ü«∞O =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
– Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ XˆH™êi ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ@∞ì@ÜÕ∞ ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú.
– JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åxfl q=iOz#k–~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û.
– ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ L#fl „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ x[ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ "å_ç =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ#‰õΩ
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=K«Ûx ¿Ñ~˘¯<≥#∞.
– J.B. Say =∂Ô~¯\ò ã¨∂„`«O P^è•~°OQÍ ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û `«# ã≤^•úO`åxfl ã¨=∞i÷OK≥#∞.
3. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O (Un Balanced Growth)
– ã≤OQÆ~,ü HÕ_»Öò |~°~æ ,ü Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£Å∞ ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl q=∞i≈Oz JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxH˜
J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ Jaè„áêÜ«∞O =ºHõÑÎ i¨ zi.
– D ã≤^•úO`åxfl 'Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£— XHõ Ñ¨ûúŒ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ~°∂á⁄OkOK≥#∞.
– H˘xfl ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã#≤ , H©ÅHõ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ\ì̃, "å\˜x JÉè=í $kú KÕã,≤ "å\˜ ^•fi~å ÅaèOz#
P^•Ü«∂Å∞ q∞ye# ~°OQÍÅ‰õΩ qxÜ≥∂yOz, JãÖ`«∞e`«O #∞Oz ãÖ`«∞e`åxH˜ Ñ¨Ü∞« xOK«∞@ÜÕ∞
JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú.
– =ÚO^Œ∞, "≥#∞Hõ (Forward and Backward linkages) J#∞ |O^è•Å#∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£.
– Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O J`«ºkèHõ =ÚO^Œ∞, "≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ QÆÅ Ñï„â◊=∞ – Iron and Steel Industry.
W`«~° JOâßÅ∞:
Z) P_»"£∞ ã≤‡`ü : J~°÷âß„ã¨Î Ñ≤`å=∞Ç¨ï_»∞ (Father of Economics)
– Wealth of Nations „QÆO^äŒ Hõ~Î° (1776)
– J^Œ$â◊º Ç¨ÏãÎ̈O J<Õ ÉèÏ=# P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü^.Õ
– Division of Labour, ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ ã¨∂„`«O, ¿ãfiKåÛù "åºáê~° q^è•<åxfl ã¨=∞i÷OK≥#∞.
a) iHÍ~À¤ :
– The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) „QÆO^äŒ ~°K~« Ú`«
– ÉèÏ@Hõ ã≤^•úO`«O, Stationary State W`«x`À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç L<åfl~Ú.
ã≤ ) \ ˜.P~ü.=∂ÖÏ÷<£ :
– The Principles of Political Economy (1820) „QÆO^äŒ ~°K~« Ú`«.
– [<åÉèÏ ã≤^•úO`åxfl K≥ÃÑÊ#∞, ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü H˜ ã¨=∂#OQÍ ã¨q∞+≤ì _ç=∂O_£ LO_»^xŒ "≥Ú^Œ@QÍ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞.
_ç ) *ˇ.Z<£.q∞Öò :
– "Õ`#« xkè ã≤^•úO`«O K≥ÃÑÊ#∞. (Wage Fund Theory)
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W) ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ Pi÷Hõ "Õ`«ÎÅ ã≤^•úO`« ÅHõΔ}ÏÅ∞ :
– Laissez Fair Policy, Capital Accumulation (=¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O)
– ÃÑ@∞ì|_çH˜ „¿Ñ~°} ÖÏÉèÏÖË. – ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ H©}
Δ O˜ KÕ ^èÀ~°}.˜
– ã¨|÷ `ú åã≤u÷ (Stationary State)
ZÑ¶ π ) +¨μOÑ‘@~ü (Schumpeter) :
– Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ #=HõÅÊ#Å „áê^è•#º`«#∞, =º=™ê÷Ñ¨‰õΩx „áê^è•#º`«#∞ <˘H˜¯ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞.
– „"åã≤# ~°K#« Å∞ : – Theory of Economic Development – 1911
– Business Cycles 1939. Ten Great Economists
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 1942
l) *ˇ.ZO. H©<£û :
– The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936.
– ™ê~°H÷ õ _ç=∂O_»∞, QÆ∞}HõO, M.E.C., „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ} q~å=∞O ÖÏO\˜ ÉèÏ=#Å∞ H©<£û"Õ.
ÃÇÏKü) P~ü.P~ü.<≥Åû<£ :
– Low Level Equilibrium Trap (JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú ã¨=∞`ÒÅº ãÖ÷ |#) J<Õ ÉèÏ=# <≥Åû<£ QÍi^Õ.
S) Ç¨Ô~fi Öˇ·a<£ã‘ì<£ :
– Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth „QÆO^ä•xfl ~°zOK≥#∞.
– Critical Minimum effort theory (Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç) ã≤^•úO`«O Öˇa· <£ã<ì‘ ^£ .Õ
*ˇ ) QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åúÖò :(Theory of Backwash effect)
– W`«#∞ Backwash and Spread effects #∞ q=iOK≥#∞.
– "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å‰õΩ HÍ~°}O.
|Å"≥∞#ÿ ÉÏºH±"å+π Ñ¶e¨ `«O, |ÅÇ‘Ï#"≥∞#ÿ qãÎ̈~}
° „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O.
Ô H ) ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û :
– „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ ^•y L#fl á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ ÉèÏqOz, JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅÖ’ gix =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« <åxH˜
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=K«∞Û#x ¿Ñ~˘¯<≥#∞.
ZÖò ) _» | ∞¡ º.º. Z.Å∂~¸<£ (W.A.Lewis) (JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨Ñ¨¡Üü∞ ã≤^•úO`«O)
Economi development with unlimited supply of labour – J<Õ „QÆO^ä•xfl „"åÃã#∞
– Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’...Z) r=<å^è•~° ~°OQÆO, a) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s ~°OQÆO Jx 2 ~°OQÍÅ∞O\ÏÜ«∞<≥#∞.
Z"£∞) Ç¨Ï~å_£–_À=∞~ü =$kú #=¸<å
– g~°∞ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç áê„`«‰Ωõ „Ñ¨^•è #™ê÷#O WzÛi.
– Ç¨Ï~å_£ ~°K#« Towards A dynamic Economics
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– Ç¨Ï~å_£ 3 ~°HÍÅ =$kú ~ˆ @¡#∞ q=iOK≥#∞. Z) "åãÎ̈qHõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞
a) "åÔ~O>ˇ_£ =$kú ~ˆ @∞
ã≤) ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =$kú ~ˆ @∞
á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù S
– =$kú~ˆ @∞ ´ ----------------- ´
=¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ COR
L^• : =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ 4 :1 =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 3%, á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù 12%
=$kú ~ˆ @∞
Z<£ ) N=∞u *’<£ ~åa<£ã¨<£ :
– 1956Ö’ The Accumulation of Capital J<Õ „QÆO^ä•xfl „"åÃã#∞.
– ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Œºy`«`À ‰õÄ_ç# „Hõ=∞ =$kú ™êkèOK«∞@‰õΩ 'Golden Age' J<Õ ÉèÏ=# LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz#k.
F) Ñ≤.ã≤.=∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àa<£ :
1955Ö’ 4 ~°OQÍÅ #=¸<å Jaè=$kú KÕÃã#∞. Wk 2= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ‰Ωõ P^è•~°O.
Ñ≤ ) ã≤ . Z<£ . =H© Å ∞ =∞iÜ« Ú Ñ≤ . P~ü . „|Ç¨  ‡#O^Œ O
– 1956Ö’ Planning for an Expanding Economy „"åã≤i.
21 S ⇒
– =∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ =ÓºÇ¨xH˜ „Ñ¨3 `=åº=∂flÜ«= ∞OQÍ "Õ=`)G«#( =ã¨∞Î =ÓºÇ¨xfl Jaè=$kú KÕÃã#∞.
4 ROC
‰õÄº) Theory of Circular Causation – QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò
P~ü) Theory of International Dualism – H.V. q∞O\ò l.q∞~åúÖò (ZO.Ñ≤.`˘_®~À nxx Jaè=$kú KÕÃã#∞.)
Zãπ) =∞^èŒºO`«~° ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O (Intermediate Technology) J<Õ ÉèÏ=# – +¨μ=∂K«~ü (Schumachar)
„Ñ¨"Õâ◊ÃÑ>ì̌#∞.
\ ˜ ) ÃÑ@∞ì | _ç =ÓºÇ¨  Å∞:
Z) Capital - Turnover - Criterian : áÈÖÏH± |∞Hõ<å<£
a) ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ – LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç – Z.W.MÏ<£, a.z<ås
ã≤) Ñ¨Ù#ó ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ã≤^•úO`«O – QÍÖˇ<+£ <¨ £ Öˇa· <£ã<ì‘ .£
_ç) HÍÅ„âı}˜ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ã≤^•úO`«O – Z.ÔH.¿ã<£.
EDI (q^•º Jaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ)Ö’ Hˆ ~°à◊ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™ê÷#OÖ’ LOk.

"≥Ú`«OÎ LáêkèÖ’ =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO "å\Ï 1993–94Ö’ 61.67% HÍQÍ 1999–2000 <å\˜H˜ 58.54%xH˜
`«yOæ k. 2004–05 <å\˜H˜ 52%xH˜ `«yOæ k.
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KEY POINTS
1. P.Q.L.I. x ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k _Õq_£ "≥∂iãπ (1979)
2. H.D.I ~°∂Ñ¨tÅÊ =∞Ç¨Ï|∂Éò–LÖò–Ç¨ÏH± (nxfl1990Ö’ UNDP "å~°∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOzi)
3. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £
4. ™êOˆHuHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO ÉˇOl=∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£
5. ™ê=∂lHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO É’ÔH
6. q`«Î ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO q∞O\ò
7. P~åæxH± HÍOáÈl+¨<£ PÑ¶π Hˆ Ñ≤@~ü OCC HÍ~ü¡=∂~ü¯û
8. áêi„âßq∞Hõ i[~°∞fi¿ã= HÍ~ü¡=∂~ü¯û
q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`«O HÍ~ü¡=∂~ü¯û
9. Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ã≤^•úO`«O ~À™Èì"£
10. >ËH± PÑ¶π ~À™Èì"£
11. #= HõÅÊ#Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« WzÛ#k +¨μOÑ‘@~ü
12. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
13. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
14. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ⇒ Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ A.O.
15. =ÚO^Œ∞, "≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ A.O.
16. aQ∑ Ñ¨Ù+π ~À*ˇ<£ã‘ì<£ ~À_®<£
17. JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏÇ¨Ïº P^•Ü«∂Å∞ ~À*ˇ<£ã‘ì<£ ~À_®<£
18. JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü J~°~÷ ü Å∂~Úãπ
19. =∂Ô~¯\ò ã≤^•úO`«O (Market Law) J.B. Say
20. Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«flO (Critical Minimum Effort) Ç¨Ï~ˆ fi Öˇa· <£ã<ì‘ £
21. JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú ã¨=∞`ÒÅº É’#∞ (Low level Equilibrium Trap) P~ü.P~ü.<≥Åû<£
22. „ÃãÊ_£ ZÃÑH¶ ì± =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏºH±"å+π ZÃÑH¶ ì± QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åúÖò
23. "åãÎ̈= =$kú ~ˆ @∞, "åÔ~O>ˇ_£ =$kú ~ˆ @∞, ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ Ç¨~å_£
24. J^Œ$â◊ºÇ¨ÏãÎ̈O, ¿ãfiKåÛù =∂Ô~¯\ò Ü«∞O„`åOQÆO, „â◊=∞ qÉè[í # P_»O ã≤‡`ü
25. ã¨fi~°Ü
‚ Ú« QÆO N=∞u *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £
26. JÅÊ L^Àºy`å ã¨=∞`ÒÅºO (Under Employment Equilibrium) *ˇ.ZO.H©#∞û
27. L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å ZOÑ≤Hõ (Choice of Techniques) Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
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28. ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å =ÓºÇ¨ÏO =∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ
29. "Õ`#« =ã¨∞Î #=¸<å =H©Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú „|Ç¨‡#O^ŒO
30. QÍO^èÜÕ ∞« =$kú #=¸<å Zãπ.Z<£.JQÆ~åfiÖò (1944)
31. ZÖò.Ñ≤.l.#=¸<å (ã¨~m° Hõ~}° , „ÃÑ"· \Õ H© ~õ }
° , „Ñ¨ÑO¨ pHõ~}
° ) _®II =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ãO≤ Q∑
32. PURA #=¸<å (Ñ¨@} ì „áêO`« ã¨^∞Œ áêÜ«∂Å∞ „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÖ’¡ U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜÚ« @) Z.Ñ≤.*ˇ.J|∞ÌÖòHÖõ ÏO
Jaè=$kúÃÑ· =ÚMº"≥∞ÿ# „QÆO^ä•Å∞
Adam Smith Wealth of Nations
\˜.P~ü. =∂ÖÏúãπ The Principles of Political Economy
+¨μOÑ‘@~ü Ten Great Economists,
The Theory of Development
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Business Cycles
~À™Èì"£ The Stages of Economic Growth
The process of Economic Growth
P~ü.P~ü.<≥Åû<£ A Theory of low level Equilibrium Trap
ÃÇÏKü.q∞O\ò Economics of Developing Countries
⇒
Ç¨Ïˆ~fiÖˇ·a<£ã‘ì<£ Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth
QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò Asian Drama
Economic Theory and Under developed Regions challenge
to Affluence
ÉˇOl=∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£ Economic Development, Principles, Problems and
Policies
~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û Problems of Capital Formation in UDC
HÕ_çÖò |~°~æ ü Economic Development
Q“`«"∞£ =∂^Œ∞~ü Planning for Steady Growth
Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ The strategy of Economic Development
áêÖò „ã‘@ì <£ Imbalanced Growth
Zãπ.ÔH.<å^£ Balanced Growth
Pâ’H± =∂^Œ∞~ü Balanced Vs un Balanced Growth
_»|∞¡ º.Z.Å∂~Úãπ Principles of Economic Planning
Development Planning
The Theory of Economic Growth’
Economic Development with unlimited supply of labour
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HÀe<£ HÍ¡~¯ü The conditions of Economic Progress
*’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £ The accumulation of capital 1956
Essays in the theory of Economic Growth 1963
Z.ÔH.¿ã<£ Choice of Techniques, Growth Economics
ã≤.Z<£.=H©Öò Poverty and Planning
=H©Öò „|Ç¨‡#O^ŒO Planning for an Expanding Economy
Ç¨~å_£ P~ü.ZÑ¶π Towards a Dynamic Economics
Z<£.HÍÖÏ¤~ü Essays on Economic stability and Growth
*ˇ.ZO.H©#∞û The general theory of employment, interest and money Tretise on money
*ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü Affluent Society
Economic Development in Perspective
Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû Six lectures on Economic Growth
Modern Economic Growth
eÜ«∂O\˜Ñπ¶ _»|∞¡ º._»|∞¡ º Studies in the structure of American Economy
Ñ≤.ã≤.=∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ Talks on Planning
The Approach⇒ of operational Research to Planning in India
HÍ~ü¡ =∂~ü¯û Das Capital

l.ZO."Õ∞Ü«∞~ü Leading issues in Development Economics
ÔH.ÔH.‰õΩiÇ¨Ï~° The Keynesian theory of Economic Development
W._ç._À=∞~ü Expansion and Employment
HÔ .Z<£.~å*ò Growth Model and Indian Planning
\˜._»|∞¡ º.+¨μÖò˚ Transforming Traditional Agriculture
ZO.Ñ≤.`À_®~À Economic Development in Third World
URP (Uniform Recall Period) „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 1993–94Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`^

« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO 36% HÍQÍ,2004–05
<å\˜H˜ 27.5% #‰õΩ `«yOæ k. MRP (Mixed Recall Period)„Ñ¨HÍ~°O 1999–2000Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO 26%
HÍQÍ, 2004–05 <å\˜H˜ 22%xH˜ `«yOæ k.
"≥Ú`«OÎ LáêkèÖ’ =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO "å\Ï 1993–94Ö’ 61.67% HÍQÍ 1999–2000 <å\˜H˜ 58.54% xH˜
`«yOæ k. 2004–05 <å\˜H˜ 52%xH˜ `«yOæ k.
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a\òÉÏºOH± (One Word Questions)
=$kú – J~° ÷ = Ú
1. L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ#∞ U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞ ?
[. Pi÷Hõ=$kú
2. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# ÉèÏ=# Uk ?
[. Pi÷Hõ=$kú
3. âßs~°Hõ Ñï=∂}OÖ’x =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ ^Õx`À áÈÅÛ=K«∞Û ?
[. Pi÷Hõ=$kú
4. L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ`Àáê@∞ ™êOˆHuHõ, =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú
5. Pi÷Hõ =$kú { =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ"∞≥ #ÿ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ^Õxx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞?
[. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú
6. =∞x+≤ =ºHÎ̃`fi« OÖ’#∂, "Õ∞^äãŒ ∞¨ ûÖ’#∂ =KÕÛ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ ^Õx`À áÈÅ∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú
7. XHõ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ "åãÎ̈qHõ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’, n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ#∞ ™êkèOK«∞ „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Pi÷HÍaè=$kú Jx
x~°fizOz#k?
[. l."Õ∞Ü«∞~ü =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏeÌfi<£
8. ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl ÑïQÆ}#Ö’xH˜ fã¨∞H˘<Õ Pi÷Hõ ÉèÏ=#?
[. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú
9. Growth without Development J<Õ „QÆO^ä•xfl „"åã≤#k?
[. ~å|~üì HÀ¡=~ü
10. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ =iÎOKÕ ÉèÏ=# Uk?
[. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú
11. Éèqí +¨º`ü `«~åÅ∞ "åi J=ã¨~åxfl f~°∞Û‰õΩ<Õ ™ê=∞~°º÷ O ^≥|ƒfÜ«∞‰õΩO_® „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « `«~O° "å~°∞ `«=∞ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞
f~°∞ÛHÀ=_®xfl U q^èOŒ QÍ x~°fiz™êÎ~∞° ?
[. H˘#™êyOK«QeÆ Qˆ Jaè=$kú
12. xÅHõ_Q» ÅÆ Jaè=$kúH˜ (H˘#™êyOK«QeÆ Qˆ Jaè=$kúH)˜ ÃÑ· x~°fiK«<åxfl WzÛ#k?
[. „|\Ï¡O_£ Hõq∞+¨<£ (1987)
13. Ñ¨~åº=~°} =#~°∞Å#∞, Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«O HÍx ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å#∞ ãÖ~°HOΔ̃ K«∞@Ü≥∞.....
[. H˘#™êyOK«QeÆ Qˆ Jaè=$kú.
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=$kú – Jaè = $kú – =∂Ñ¨ # Å∞
14. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúH˜ =∂Ñ¨#OQÍ ã¨∂Å÷ *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎx ã¨=∞‡uOz# Pi÷H"õ `Õ ?Î«
[. Ãã=· ∞<£‰Ωõ *ò<\≥ òû g∞_£ g#~ü „á¶êOÔHÖò
15. <å=∞=∂„`«ÑÙ¨ P^•Ü«∂xfl "åã¨qÎ Hõ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OQÍ =∂ˆ~ÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
<å=∞=∂„`«ÑÙ¨ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O
[. "åã¨qÎ Hõ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ´----------------------˛100
„Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«û~°O ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
16. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú =∂Ñ¨<åÅÖ’ [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åxfl qã¨‡iOz# =∂Ñ¨#O Uk?
[. "åã¨qÎ Hõ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O
17. [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åxfl ÑïQÆ}#Ö’xH˜ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ Pi÷HÍaè=$kúx =∂Ñ¨#O KÕ¿ã H˘Å=∂#O?
[. "åã¨qÎ Hõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
18. "åã¨qÎ Hõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂xfl Pi÷HÍaè=$kúH˜ =∂Ñ¨#OQÍ ã¨=∞‡uOz# Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞?
[. Å∂~Úãπ† ÖˇÉ· <£ã<ì‘ †£ "Õ∞Ü«∞~ü
19. Pi÷H=õ $kúH˜ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ H˘Å=∂#OQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞ P"≥∂kOz# H˘Å=∂#O Uk?
[. "åã¨qÎ Hõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
20. Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ H˘Å=∂#=Ú (MEW) #∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k?
[. #~°∞=÷ ãπ *Ë"∞£ û\’a<£
21. xHõ~° Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∂xfl ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k (NEW)?
[. áêÖò âß=¸ºÖòã<¨ £
22. "åã¨qÎ Hõ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∂xH˜, q„âßOux, QÆ$Ç≤Ï}∞Å ¿ã=Å#∞ HõeÑ≤ Ñ¨@}
ì H© ~õ }
° , HÍÅ∞+¨º=Ú =O\˜ J™œHõ~º°
=ºÜ«∂Å#∞ fã≤"¿Õ ãÎ =KÕÛ =∂Ñ¨#O?
[. xHõ~° Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ ã¨∂p (NEW)
23. xHõ~° Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ ã¨∂px D q^èOŒ QÍ K«∂Ñ¨=K«∞Û?
[. NEW = "åãÎ̈= ã¨∂Å÷ *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎ { q„âßOu ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú{=∂Ô~¯\òÜ∞Õ `«~° HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞–Ñ¨@}
ì H© ~õ }
°
Ñ¨~åº=~°} HÍÅ∞ëêºxH˜ JÜÕ∞º =ºÜ«∞O
24. 1979= ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ Éè∫uHõ r=# „Ñ¨=∂} ã¨∂p (PQLI) x `«Ü∂« ~°∞ KÕã#≤ k?
[. "≥∂iãπ _Õq_£ "≥∂iãπ
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25. Éè∫uHõ r=# „Ñ¨=∂} ã¨∂p (PQLI) Ö’ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl JOâßÅ∞?
[. Z) „Ñ¨[Å PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« =Ú (1 ãÖII #∞Oz)
a) tâ◊√ =∞~°} ~ˆ @∞
ã≤) JHõΔ~åã¨º`«
26. PQLI Ö’JOâ◊ ã¨∂pH˜ ã¨∂„`«O?
"åã¨=Î qÅ∞= – Hõx+¨ì qÅ∞=
[. JOâ◊ã∂¨ p ´ -------------------
QÆi+¨ì qÅ∞= – Hõx+¨ì qÅ∞=
27. "≥∂iãπ xi‡Oz# PQLI J<Õ ã¨g∞Hõ$`« ã¨∂p J#∞=iÎ`=« Ú U q^èOŒ QÍ LOk?
[. Z) `«‰Ωõ ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅÖ’ PQLI qÅ∞= `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ#∂, Z‰õΩ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅÖ’
PQLI qÅ∞= Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ#∂ LOk.
a) J~Ú<å H˘xfl ^ÕâßÅÖ’ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O JkèHOõ QÍ L#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© PQLI ã¨∂p JÅÊOQÍ LOk. `«Åãï
P^•Ü«∞O `«‰Ωõ ¯= J~Ú#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© PQLI ã¨∂p JkèHOõ QÍ LOk.
28. ã¨g∞Hõ$`« Jaè=$kú ã¨∂px (Composite Index of Development) QÆ}O˜ K«∞@‰õΩ 11 H˘Å=∂<åÅ#∞ Ñ¨sHÕΔ z#
Pi÷Hõ"Õ`«Î?
[. W.W.ÃÇÏÔQ<£
29. ™ê=∂lHõ Jaè=$kúÃÑ· SHõº~å[ºã¨q∞u Ñïâ’^è<Œ å ãÖã¨÷ (UNRISD) Pi÷HÍaè=$kú =∂Ñ¨<åxfl ~°∂á⁄OkOK«∞@‰õΩ
Zxfl JOâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩOk?
[. 16 (9 ™ê=∂lHõ ã¨∂zHõÅ∞ { 7 Pi÷Hõ ã¨∂zHõÅ∞)
30. HDI (Human Development Index) x U ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ ~°∂á⁄OkOzi?
[. 1990
31. HDI Z=~°∞ ~°∂á⁄Okã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞?
[. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
32. HDI (=∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂p) ~°∂Ñ¨tÅÊ?

[. =∞Ç¨Ï|∂Éò–LÖò–Ç¨ÏH± (áêH˜™êÎ<)£
33. HDI x ~°∂á⁄OkOKÕ@Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ JOâßÅ∞?
[. Z) PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« =Ú ([x‡Oz#Ñ¨Ê\˜ #∞Oz)
a) JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« (=Ü≥∂[# JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« { L=∞‡_ç #"≥∂^Œ∞ x+¨ÊuÎ)
ã≤) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O GDP (US$ PPP)
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34. =∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂p qÅ∞= P^è•~°OQÍ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ^ÕâßÅ#∞ Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ =sæHiõ OK«=K«∞Û#∞.
[. 3 ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ =sæHiõ OK«=K«∞Û 1) `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∂#"åaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ (0.5 Ö’Ñ¨Ù)
2) =∞^èºŒ ™ê÷~Ú =∂#"åaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ (0.5 #∞O_ç 0.8)
3) JkèHõ =∂#"åaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ (8.0 #∞O_ç 1.0)
35. 2010 =∂#"åaè=$kú x"ÕkHõ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O HDI Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`ü ~åºO‰õΩ ZO`«?
[. 119= ~åºO‰õΩ – =∞^èºŒ ™ê÷~Ú =∂#"åaè=$kú =sæH~õ } ° Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`ü LOk. (2009Ö’ 134= ~åºO‰õΩ)
36. 2010 =∂#"åaè=$kú x"ÕkHõÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ,˜ z=i ~åºO‰õΩÅ∞ QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞?
[. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ~åºO‰õΩ–<åˆ~fi (0.938)
169= ~åºO‰õΩ – lOÉÏÉËfi (0.140)
"≥Ú`«OÎ QÆ}#Ö’xH˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ^ÕâßÅ∞ 179.
37. ÉèÏ~°`ü (W~°∞QÆ∞, á⁄~°∞QÆ∞# L#fl)‰õΩ K«∞@∂ì L#fl qq^èŒ ^ÕâßÅ∞ HDI ~åºO‰õΩÅ∞
[. K≥<· å–89 |OQÍ¡^âÕ ò–129
NÅOHõ–91 =∞Ü«∞<å‡~ü – 132
=∂bÌ=ÙÅ∞ – 107 <ÕáêÖò– 138
áêH˜™êÎ<£ –125 PÑ¨x… ™êÎ<£ – 155
38. =∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ O ~°∂á⁄OkOz# *ÏfÜ«∞ =∂#"åaè=$kú x"ÕkHõÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`« HDI qÅ∞=
[. 0.472 ("≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™ê÷#OÖ’ Hˆ ~°à,◊ z=i ™ê÷#OÖ’ cÇ¨~ü L#flk)
AP 10 = ~åºO‰õΩ #∞ Hõeæ 0.416 ã¨∂p`À India ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LOk.
39. „ã‘ÅÎ ‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ºÕ HõOQÍ PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« O, JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«, `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OÅ`À ~°∂á⁄OkOz# ã¨∂p?
[. GDI- 1995 (eOQÆ ãÖ|O^èŒ Jaè=$kú ã¨∂p)
40. =∂#= ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ ã¨∂p– (HPI-1) x U ^ÕâßÅ H˘~°‰Ωõ ~°∂á⁄Okã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞?
[. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ (1997 #∞Oz)
41. (HPI-1) Ö’ „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ ~åºO‰õΩ? (2008 HDR „Ñ¨HÍ~°O)
[. 87 ("≥Ú`«OÎ 135 ^ÕâßÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀ=_»O [iyOk)
42. Green Index #∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k Z=~°∞?
[. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ÉÏºO‰õΩ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ñ¨~åº=~°} H˘#™êyOK«^yŒ # Jaè=$kú qÉèÏQÆ=Ú
43. Green Index x~å‡}OÖ’ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ JOâßÅ∞
[. Z) L`«ÊuÎ KÕã#≤ Pã¨∞ÅÎ ∞ a) ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ ã≤) =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞
44. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ã¨∂p (Economic Development Index) x Z=~°∞ Jaè=$kú KÕâß~°∞?
[. NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research)
45. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« PHõe x"ÕkHõÖ’ (Hunger Index)– ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ ™ê÷#O?
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[. 96= ™ê÷#O (119 ^ÕâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞HÀ=_»O [iyOk)
46. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« áÈ\©``« fi« ã¨∂p x"ÕkHõÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü ™ê÷#O?
[. 48= ™ê÷#O (131 ^ÕâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞)
47. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« Jaè=$kú x"ÕkHõ#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKÕk Z=~°∞?
[. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºO‰õΩ "å~°∞
=$kú–ÑÖÑ≤}©–ãÖˆHΔ=∞O
48. ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy`Õ Pi÷H=õ $kú ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. J~Ú`Õ Pi÷H=õ $kúH˜ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∂xH˜ ZÖÏO\˜
ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO@∞Ok?
[. =$kú ÃÑiy`Õ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ‰õÄ_® ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
49. ^è~Œ Å° ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ =Å# *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy# Ü≥∞_»Å........
[. Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞OÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«_O» Hõ+Oì̈
50. „âßq∞‰õΩÅ#∞ JkèHõ Ñ¨xQÆO@Å∞ Ñ¨xKÕ~ÚOK«@O =Å# *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy#...
[. Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑiy#@∞¡ K≥ÑÊ¨ ÖË=Ú.
51. *ÏfÜ«∞, `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂Å∞ ÃÑiy#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© ÃÑiy# P^•Ü«∞O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ^èxŒ ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ KÕi`Õ....
μ
) G − 1( μ = W
[. Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O `«yáæ È=Ù#∞
52. J=∞~°ºÎ ¿ã<£ Pi÷Hõ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O#∞ H˘eKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨∂zOz# ã¨g∞Hõ~}
° O
[. W- ãÖHˆ =
Δ ∞O
- `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
G - Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞
53. J=∞~°ºÎ ¿ã<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O ÃÑ~°QÍÅO>Ë....
[. `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ `«QÍæe
54. J=∞~°ºÎ ¿ã<£H˜ J~°â÷ ß„ãÎ̈OÖ’ <ÀÉˇÖò„ÃÑ*Â ò =zÛ# ãÖ=`«û~°O ?
[. 1998 (ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ J~°â÷ ß„ãÎ̈OÖ’ Hõ$+≤ KÕã#≤ O^Œ∞‰õΩQÍ#∞)
JÖÏÊaè=$kú Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅ∞
55. ''P ^Õâ◊ [<åÉèÏ ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å`À áÈeÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯= =¸Å^è#Œ O QÆÅ ^ÕâßÅ#∞ JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ JO\Ï~°∞——
Jx x~°fizOz#k?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
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56. LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«|_»x ÖË^• `«‰Ωõ ¯= LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# =∂#= ãÖÑ¨^Œ XHõ"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ , LÑ¨ÜÚ« HõOÎ HÍx ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞
=∞~˘Hõ"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ Hõeã≤ LO_»_"» ∞Õ JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^Õâ◊ ÅHõ} Δ =Ú Jx x~°fizOz#"å~°∞?
[. „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ O
57. ''JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^Õâ=◊ Ú XHõ l~åÑ¶Ö‘ ÏO\˜^xŒ , ^•xx =i‚OK«∞@ Hõ+=ì̈ Ú J~Ú`Õ K«∂_»QÍ<Õ QÆ∞iÎOK«=K«∞Û—— Jx
"åMÏºxOz#k Z=~°∞?
[. ã≤OQÆ~ü
58. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºO‰õΩ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ^ÕâßÅ#∞ JÅÊ, =∞^èºŒ , JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Å÷ x ^Õx P^è•~°OQÍ qÉè[í # KÕã∞¨ OÎ k?
[. `«Åãï GNP (GNI)
59. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ#∞ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« =ÚiH˜"å_»Å∞QÍ Jaè=i‚Oz#k?
[. ÔH·~°<£„HÍãπ
60. `«‰Ωõ ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O J<Õk U ^ÕâßÅ ÅHõ} Δ O?
[. JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞
(2008 <å\˜ ÉèÏ~°`ü `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O $1070sss)
61. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO PkèHºõ `«#∞ Hõey LO_»_O» U ^ÕâßÅ ÅHõ} Δ =Ú?
[. JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞
62. =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`,« JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ XuÎ_,ç JÅÊ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ ,« `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∂#"åaè=$kú U Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ Hõ#|_»∞#∞?
[. JÖÏÊaè=$kú Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷
63. 2001–2011 =∞^èºŒ ÉèÏ~°`« ^Œâß|Ì [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ ?
[. 17.64%
64. 2001–2011Å =∞^èºŒ =∞# ^Õâ◊ [<åÉèÏ ™êO=`«ûiHõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞?
[. 1.64%
65. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« J#QÍ?
[. J=ã¨~åxH˜ q∞Oz Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ XHõ ~°OQÆOÖ’ Ñ¨xKÕÜ∞« _®xfl „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« JO\Ï~°∞.
66. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å LáêO`« L`«ÊuÎ?
[. `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ ÖË^• â◊¥#ºOQÍ LO@∞Ok (XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõOQÍ LO_»=K«∞Û)
67. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ x~°∞^Àºy`« ã¨fiÉèÏ=O U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ k?
[. =º=™ê÷Ñ~¨ "° ∞≥ #ÿ k (Wk n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ LO@∞Ok)
68. JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅÖ’ x~°∞^Àºy`«‰Ωõ HÍ~°}O?
[. =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
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69. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ x[á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=K«Ûx ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
70. P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ `≥e¿Ñ ~ˆ Y?
[. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~M
71. P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å f„=`«#∞ `≥e¿Ñk?
[. yh QÆ∞}HõO
72. P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂`«Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz u~°Q"Æ ãÕ #≤ U ÑïHõÅÊ##∞ ( ) „ÑüáêkOz#k?
[. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû
73. 2001 [<åÉèÏ ÖˇH¯õ Å „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ZO`« âß`«O ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ‰õΩ ã¨∞~°H`Δ̃ « =∞Ozh~°∞ ÅÉèºí O J=Ù`«∞#flk?
[. 36%
74. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „áê~°OÉèOí Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`åÜ«∞x, `«~∞° "å`« ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ `«Q∞Æ `æ åÜ«∞x
¿Ñ~˘¯#flk?
[. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩA<≥\òû
75. ™êOˆHuHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`åfixfl ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk?
[. ÉˇOl=∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£
76. ™ê=∂lHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`åfixfl ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk? ∩
[. ÉÁˆH
77. q`«Î ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO K≥ÑÊ≤ #k?
[. q∞O\ò
78. =∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO QÆ}# Z=i á¶ê~°∞‡ÖÏ P^è•~°OQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk?
[. ÅHÍ¤"åÖÏ
79. NSSO "åi 61= Round JOK«<åÅ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O WO_çÜ∂ « Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO âß`«O?
[. URP „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 28% (uniform recall period)
MRP „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 22% (mixed recall period)
80. JÖÏÊaè=$kúH˜ P@OHÍÅ∞ Uq?
[. Z) =∂Ô~¯\ò JãÖÑ¨Ó~°`‚ Å« ∞, a) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞, ã≤) JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ ∞
81. â◊‰Ωõ O`«Å "≥∞„Ç¨ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ^ÕxÃÑ· JOK«<åÅ#∞ "ÕÃã#∞?
[. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆO (17.4% „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆO QÆÅ^Œx JOK«<å "ÕÃã#∞)
82. ™êOˆHuHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO J#QÍ
[. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ~°OQÆ=Ú, ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ "Õ~∞° "Õ~∞° L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å#∞ J=ÅOaèOK«∞@
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83. HDI ~°∂Ñ¨HÅõ Ê#Ö’ PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Hõx+¨ì qÅ∞=?
[. 25 (QÆi+¨ì qÅ∞= 85)
Jaè = $kú ^Œ â ◊ Å ∞
84. HÍ~°Öò =∂~ü¯û Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ z=i ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞?
[. Hõ=¸ºx[O
85. áêi„âßq∞Hõ i[~üfi¿ã= J<Õ ÉèÏ=# Z=ik?
[. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û
86. Organic Composition of capital J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k?
87. ^•ãπHÍÑ≤@Öò „QÆO^äŒ ~°K~« Ú`«?
88. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆO #∞O_ç kfifÜ«∞ ~°OQÍxH˜, kfifÜ«∞~°OQÆO #∞O_ç `«$fÜ«∞
~°OQÍxH˜ J@∞ L`«ÊuÎÖ’#∞, W@∞ LáêkèÖ’#∂ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ =™êÎÜ∞« x K≥ÑÊ≤ #k Z=~°∞?
[. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩA<≥\òû
89. "The stages of Economic Growth" 1960Ö’ ~°zOz#k Z=~°∞?
[. _»|∞¡ º._»|∞¡ º. ~À™Èì"£
90. "Non-Communist Manifesto" Jx D ~°K# « #∞ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. The Stages of Economic Growth
91. ~À™Èì"£ ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ^Œâ◊ J~Ú# ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ã¨=∂[O D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å=|_»∞#∞?
[. „Ñ‘ WO_»„ã≤Ü ì ∞« Öò ¿ã*ì ò
92. "Period of Transition" Jx ~À™Èì"£ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ D ^Œâ# ◊ ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯O\Ï~°∞?
[. Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ HÍ=Åã≤# =ÚO^Œ∞ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞
93. ~À™Èì"£ „ÑüáêkOz# ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ „Ñ¨^•è #"≥∞#ÿ k?
[. Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ◊ (Take-off)
94. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ L`åÊ^ŒHõ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 5% #∞O_ç 10%H˜ ÃÑQ· Í ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Hõ#|_»∞#∞?
[. Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ◊
95. Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ#◊ ∞ "≥Ú^Œ@QÍ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩ#fl ^ÕâO◊ ?
[. „a\<£(1783–1802)
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96. ~À™Èì"£ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ◊ x|O^è#Œ Å∞ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ãÖÉèqí Oz# ãÖ=`«û~°O?
[. 1952
97. U ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ#◊ ∞ ^•\˜ LO_»=K«Ûx ~À™Èì"`£ Àáê@∞ =∞iH˘O`«=∞Ok Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞
ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞?
[. 1964–65
98. ã¨fiÜ«∞O xÅHõ_» L#fl =$kúx ™êkèOKÕ ^Œâ◊ (Self sustained growth) QÍ ~À™Èì"£ ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ U ^Œâ#◊ ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯O\Ï~°∞?
[. ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `« kâ◊QÍ #_çKÕ ^Œâ◊ (Drive to maturity)
99. JO`«=~°‰Äõ L#fl Ñ¨Ù~ÀQÍq∞ ~°OQÍÅ ™ê÷#OÖ’ H˘`«QÎ Í U~°Ê_ç# ~°OQÍÅ∞ =$kú K≥O^Œ_O» D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Hõxã≤™êÎ~Ú?
[. ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `« kâ◊‰Ωõ QÆ=∞#O (Drive to maturity)
100. JO`«=~°‰Äõ ™êkèOz# „Ñ¨QuÆ Ñ¶Ö¨ ÏÅ#∞ Jxfl ~°OQÍÅ‰õΩ =iÎOÑ¨*¿Ë ã ^Œâ?◊
[. ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `« kâ◊‰Ωõ QÆ=∞#O (Drive to maturity )
101. ~À™Èì"£ ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ z=i ^Œâ?◊
[. ÃÇÏK«∞Û™ê÷~Ú ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ™ê÷~Ú (Age of high mass consumption)
102. Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü "≥Ñ· Ù¨ #∞Oz _ç=∂O_£ "≥Ñ· Ù¨ , L`«ÊuÎ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ #∞Oz qxÜ≥∂QÆ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ‰õΩ =∂ˆ~ ã≤u÷ U ^ŒâÖ◊ ’
Hõ#|_»∞#∞?
[. ÃÇÏK«∞Û™ê÷~Ú ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ™ê÷~Ú
103. ÃÇÏK«∞Û™ê÷~Ú ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ™ê÷~Úx KÕi# "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ^ÕâO◊ ?
[. J"≥∞iHÍ (1920), 2=k Ü«Ú.ÔH. (1930)
104. Hõhã¨ J=ã¨~åÅ∞ ã¨=∞ã¨º fiáÈ~Ú =∞xflHõQÅÆ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ qxÜ≥∂QÆO ÃÑiˆQ ^Œâ?◊
[. ÃÇÏK«∞Û™ê÷~Ú ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ™ê÷~Ú
105. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~Ô \ì̃OÑ¨Ù J~Ú 10% JkèQqÆ ∞OK«∞@, =$kúH˜ HÍ=Åã≤# ™êOã¨¯ $uHõ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞ U~°Ê_»∞@, Ñ¨Ù~ÀQÍq∞
~°OQÍÅ∞ =$kú K≥O^Œ∞@ D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Hõ#|_»∞#∞ ?
[. Take-off
106. Ç¨~å_£–_À=∞~ü =$kú #=¸<å D ^ÕâßÅ J#∞Éè=í O P^è•~°OQÍ ~°∂á⁄OkOK«|_çOk?
[. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s ^ÕâßÅ∞
107. Pi÷H=õ $kú [iˆQH˘nÌ „âßq∞Hõ â◊HÖÎ̃ ’ ¿ã"å~°OQÆO "å\Ï?
[. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ =ã¨∞OÎ k.
108. Pi÷H=õ $kú [iˆQH˘nÌ LáêkèÖ’ =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO "å\Ï?
[. `«Q∞Æ `æ ∂« =ã¨∞OÎ k.
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=$kú P^è•~åÅ∞
109. ^Õâ◊ Jaè=$kúx ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ ^Œ$ëêì º ÑïjeOz# Pi÷H"õ `Õ ÅÎ« ∞?
[. _»|∞¡ º.Z<£.áê~°¯~ü
110. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å H˘~°`« L#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ L^•Ç¨Ï~°}?
[. [áê<£, WOQÍ¡O_£
111. =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O J#QÍ
[. =¸Å^è#Œ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ, L^•: Ü«∞O„`åÅ∞, =Ú_çã~¨ ∞° ‰õΩÅ∞,q_çÑi¨ Hõ~åÅ∞, Hõ~å‡QÍ~°
™ê=∂„y "≥Ú^ŒÖ#·ˇ q.
112. Incremental capital output ratio J#QÍ ?
[. L`«ÊuÎ XHõ Ü«¸x\ò ÃÑ~°QÍÅO>Ë =¸Å^è#Œ OÖ’ZO`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ LO_®Ö’ `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« ^•xx LáêO`«
=¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ JO^Œ∞~°∞.nxx ICOR JO^Œ∞~°∞.
113. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ KèkÕ OK«∞@‰õΩ =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O J=ã¨~O° Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
114. =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ# „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Zxfl ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞?
[. =¸_»∞ ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞. 1) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ÃÑOK«∞@
2) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ã¨g∞HõiOK«∞@
3) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù#∞ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çQÍ =∂~°∞Û@
115. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ #=HõÅÊ#Å „áê^è•#º`«#∞ <˘H˜¯ K≥ÑÊ≤ #k?
[. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü
116. =º‰õΩÅÎ ∞ q^Œº P~ÀQÆº=Ú, <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ÏºÅÃÑ· KÕ¿ã ÃÑ@∞ì|_çx U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O
117. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ QÆÅ <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ºO QÆÅ =∂#=â◊HÎ̃ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ QÆÅ JkèHõ "Õ`<« åÅ‰õΩ PHõi¬OK«|_ç
`«~e° áÈ=_®xfl U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. "Õ∞^äÀ=Åã¨
118. [<åÉèÏ ã≤^•úO`åxfl `˘e™êiQÍ âß„ã‘Ü Î ∞« ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ `À K≥ÑÊ≤ #k?
[. \˜.P~ü.=∂Å÷ãπ (An essay on the principles of the population)
119. JaèÅ+¨}Ü © ∞« [<åÉèÏ ã≤^•úO`«=Ú "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ K«iÛOz#k?
[. Z_»fi~ü¤"≥ãπì
120. JaèÅ+¨}Ü © ∞« [<åÉèÏ ã≤^•úO`åxfl Jaè=$kúÑi¨ z#"å~°∞?
[. ã≤_qç̊ H±† Z_çfi<£HÍ#<£, _®Åì<£
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121. U [<åÉèÏ ™ê÷~Ú =^ŒÌ J`«ºkèHõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÅÉèºí =∞QÆ∞<À P [<åÉèÏ#∞..... JO\Ï~°∞.
[. JaèÅ+¨}Ü © ∞« [<åÉèÏ
122. ''„Ñ¨H$õ u XHõ Éè’[#âßÅ =O\˜k. nxÖ’ PÇ¨fix`«∞ÅˆH Éè’[#O Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k. J<åÇ¨fix`«∞Å∞ PHõe Kå=ÙÅ`À
JÅ=∞\ÕKåeûO^Õ—— D "åºYº Z=ik?
[. =∂Å÷ãπ
123. ''Éè∂í q∞ÃÑ· Ñ¨Ù>Ëì „Ñü a_»¤ á⁄@ì`À áê@∞, ~Ô O_»∞ HÍà◊√,¡ KÕ`∞« Å`À Ñ¨Ù_»`å_»∞—— Jx K≥ÑÊ≤ Ok Z=~°∞?
[. Z_çfi<£ HÍ#<£
124. [<åÉèÏ Ñï}Ï=∞ ã≤^•úO`åxfl HÀÖò =∞iÜ«Ú Ç¨ÏŸ=~üÅ∞ 3 ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞QÍ „ÑüáêkOzi. J~Ú`Õ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ^Œâ◊ ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞
Uq?
[. JkèHõ [##ˆ~@∞, JkèHõ =∞~°}~ˆ @∞
125. [<åÉèÏ Ñï}Ï=∞ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ 2= ^Œâ◊ ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞ Uq?
[. [#<åÅ ~ˆ @∞Ö’x `«Q∞Æ ^æ ÅŒ HõO>Ë =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞Ö’x `«Q∞Æ ^æ ÅŒ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞. Ñ¶e¨ `«OQÍ [<åÉèÏ q™ÈÊù@#=Ú
[~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
126. [<åÉèÏ Ñï}Ï=∞ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ 3= ^Œâ◊ ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞ Uq?
[. JÅÊ [##ˆ~@∞,JÅÊ =∞~°}~ˆ @∞ LO_»∞#∞.
127. L`«ÊuÎ HÍ~°HÍÅ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @∞ HõO>Ë, L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ^•xx U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. L`åÊ^ŒHõ`«
128. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok#, K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èºŒ q^Õj "åºáê~°O [iy#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅˆH "åºáê~°O
J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ LO@∞O^Œx ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk?
[. „¿Ña+π–ã≤O≤ QÆ~,ü QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å÷ÖòÅ∞
129. Two-gap model Ö’ QÆÅ JO`«~åÅ∞ Uq?
[. Z) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù JO`«~O°
a) q^Õj =∂~°Hõ „^Œ=º JO`«~=° Ú
130. Pi÷Hõ =$kúx x~°~‚ ÚOKÕ HÍ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?
[. Z) Pi÷Hõ HÍ~°HÍÅ∞, a) Pi÷Hˆ `«~° HÍ~°HÍÅ∞
131. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúx x~°~‚ ÚOKÕ Pi÷Hõ HÍ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?
[. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å∞† =º=™ê÷Ñ#¨ † ™êOˆHuHõ „Ñ¨QuÆ † =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ#† q^Õj "åºáê~°O
132. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúx x~°~‚ ÚOKÕ Pi÷Hˆ `«~° HÍ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?
[. ~å[H©Ü∞« Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞† ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞† L=∞‡_ç ‰õΩ@∞O| =º=ã¨†÷ ‰õΩÅ =º=ã¨†÷ =¸_è#» =∞‡HÍÅ∞† =∞`«O
"≥Ú^ŒÖ#·ˇ q.
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133. =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ `«Q∞Æ @
æ J#QÍ
[. XHõ xs‚`« Ü«¸x\ò =ã¨∞Î L`«ÊuÎH˜ `«‰Ωõ ¯= =¸Å^è#Œ O J=ã¨~O° JQÆ∞@
134. =$kú ~ˆ @∞#∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ x~°fizOK«=K«∞Û?
[.
135. Invisible Capital J#QÍ?
[. =∂#= P~ÀQÆºO, <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ºOÃÑ· KÕ¿ã ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç
=$kú =ÓºÇ¨Å∞
136. aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#k?
[. ~À*ˇ<£ã‘ì<£ ~À_®<£
137. JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞–ÉÏÇ¨Ïº P^•Ü«∂Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« WzÛ#k?
[. ~À*ˇ<£ã‘ì<£ ~À_®<£
138. ~À_®<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞ Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞?
[. Z) L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¶Å¨ OÖ’ JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞
a) _ç=∂O_£Ö’ JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞
Q - tQ
01× 1- t
ã≤) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ã¨~Ñ° ~¨¶ åÖ’ JqÉèÏ0*ÏºÅ∞ = tG
1- t Q
139. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl ã¨=∞i÷Oz#"å~°∞?

[. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£† P~°~÷ Åü ∂~Úãπ† ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
140. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ k Z=~°∞?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û [J.B.Say Market Law P^è•~°OQÍ fã¨∞H˘x „ÑüáêkOK≥#∞.]
141. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#k?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û
142. H˘xfl â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ ∞ K«~º° =∞iÜ«Ú „Ñ¨fHÍ~° K«~º° Å =Å# XHõ =ÅÜ«∂HÍ~°OÖ’ XHõ ^Õâßxfl ¿Ñ^ŒiHõOÖ’ LOK«_®xfl
U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞
143. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û „Ñ¨HÍ~°O Ñïq∞`« =∂Ô~¯\ò Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ U~°Ê_»_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O?
[. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞
144. Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ UHõ HÍÅ=∞O^Œ∞ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çÃÑ\ì̃ "å\˜x Jaè=$kúÑ~¨ K° åe Jx `≥e¿Ñ ã≤^•úO`«O?
[. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O (Wk ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û`À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk).
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145. JO`«~`æ° « „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O J#QÍ
[. ¿Ñ^Œ"å~°∞, =∞^èºŒ `«~Q° uÆ qxÜ≥∂QÆ f~°∞#∞, =∞^èºŒ `«~Q° uÆ "å~°∞ ^èxŒ ‰õΩÅ qxÜ≥∂QÆ f~°∞#∞ J#∞ãïOK«∞@.
146. JO`«~`æ° « „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z=i ¿Ñ~°∞`À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk?
[. _»∂ºÃã<£ Éˇ„s
147. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O JO>Ë?
[. q^ÕâßÅ qxÜ≥∂QÆÑÙ¨ JÅ"å@¡#∞, ¿Ñ^Œ ^ÕâßÅÖ’x ^è#Œ =O`«∞Å∞ J#∞ãïOK«∞@
148. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z=i ¿Ñ~°∞`À =Ú_çÑ_¨ ç LOk?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
149. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂xfl KèkÕ OK«∞@‰õΩ "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O J`«º=ã¨~O° Jx K≥ÑÊ≤ Ok
Z=~°∞?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
150. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ x[á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ "å_ç =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=K«Ûx ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk?
[. ~°QÍfl~ü #~ü¯û
151. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl q=∞i≈Oz#k?
[. ã≤OQÆ~,ü Ç¨Ï~°¬=∂<£, ‰õΩiÇ¨~ü, HÕ_≥Öò|~°~æ ,ü áêÖò„ã‘@
ì <£
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[. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨ÏO
153. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨ÏO J#∞ ÉèÏ=##∞ „áêK«∞~°ºOÖ’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ=zÛ#k?
[. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£
154. =ÚO^Œ∞–"≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ (Forward & Backward linkages)#∞ q=iOz#k?
[. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£
155. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O =ÚO^Œ∞–"≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#fl Ñï„â◊=∞?
[. W#∞=Ú–L‰õΩ¯ Hõ~å‡QÍ~°O
156. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O "≥Ú^Œ\ Q˜ Í U Ñï„â◊=∞#∞ ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kåe?
[. `«∞k Ñï„â◊=∞Å#∞ "≥Ú^Œ@ <≥ÅH˘ÖÏÊe (Last Industries first)
157. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ J#∞ãïOz, ã¨fiÅÊHÍÅOÖ’ JkèHõ =$kúx ™êkèOz# ^ÕâO◊ ?
[. ~°ëêº
158. =∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ U ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl J#fi~ÚOzi?
[. ~Ô O_À ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
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159. Hõhã¨, Hõx+ì̈ „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«fl=Ú (Critical Minimum effort theory) x „ÑüáêkOz#k Z=~°∞?
[. Ç¨ˆ~fiÖˇ·|<£ã‘ì<£
160. Economic Backwardness & Economic Growth „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ ?Î°
[. Ç¨~ˆ fiÖˇ|· <£ã"ì‘ £
161. JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú ã¨=∞`ÒÅº É’#∞#∞ q=iOz#k?
[. P~ü.P~ü.<≥Åû<£
162. Development with unlimited supply of labour J#∞ „QÆO^ä•xfl „"åã≤Ok Z=~°∞?
[. Å∂~Úãπ
163. Å∂~Úãπ JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ QÆÅ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ QÆÅ ~°OQÍÅ∞ Zxfl?
[. 2... Jq 1) r=<å^è•~° ~°OQÆO, 2) P^è∞Œ xHõ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s ~°OQÆO
164. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞, JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅÖ’ „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ U~°Ê_»_®xH˜ HÍ~°}=Ú?
[. Z) |Å"≥∞#ÿ ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú
a) |ÅÇ‘Ï#"≥∞#ÿ qã¨~Î } ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú
165. ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú J#QÍ
[. XHõ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# „áêO`«=Ú `«# Pi÷Hõ HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ ^•fi~å =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œx „áêO`åxfl
âßâ◊fi`«OQÍ JÖÏÊaè=$kúH˜ QÆ∞iKÕÜÚ« @
166. ''"åÔ~O>ˇ_£ =$kú ~ˆ @∞—— J<Õ ÉèÏ=# Z=ik?
[. Ç¨~å_£
167. Ç¨~å_£–_À=∞~ü #=¸<å U ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ‰Ωõ P^è•~°O J~ÚOk?
[. 1= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
168. Ç¨~å_£–_À=∞~ü #=¸<åÖ’ „Ñ¨^•è # ™ê÷#O nxH˜ W=fi|_çOk?
[. ÃÑ@∞ì|_çH˜
169. Ç¨~å_£–_À=∞~ü #=¸<å „Ñ¨HÍ~°O =$kú ~ˆ @∞#∞ á⁄O^•ÅO>Ë
[. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ÖË^• ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç
=$kú ~ˆ @∞ ´ –––––––––––––––
=¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ
170. ã¨fi~°Ü
‚ Ú« QÆO J<Õ ÉèÏ=# Z=ik?
[. N=∞u *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £
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[. ~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
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ECONOMY
172. HÍÅ„âı}–˜ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ã≤^•úO`åxfl ã¨=∞i÷Oz#k?
[. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
173. Choice of Technic J<Õ „QÆO^ä•xfl „"åã≤#k?
[. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
174. Asian Drama „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ ?Î°
[. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å÷Öò
175. =∞^èºŒ O`«~° ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#=Ú#∞ ã¨∂zOz#k?
[. +¨μ=∂K«~ü
176. "Õ`#« =ã¨∞Î =ÓºÇ¨xfl ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k?
[. =H©Öò =∞iÜ«Ú „|Ç¨‡#O^Œ
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[. P_»"£∞ã≤‡`ü
178. ''q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞=——, ''=~°æ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ ~°¬}——, Kåi„`å`«‡Hõ Éè∫uHõ ã≤^•úO`«=Ú—— giH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# ÉèÏ=#Å∞?
[. HÍ~°Öò =∂~ü¯û
179. "Theory of Economic Development „QÆO^äŒ ~°K~« Ú`«?
[. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü
180. The Accumulation of Capital „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ Î° Z=~°∞?
[. N=∞u *’<£~åa<£ã<¨ £
181. ÃÑÖ¶ ò=¤ ∞<£ =$kú #=¸<å D ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#k?
[. ~°ëêº
182. Shadow Prices x x~°fizOz#k?
[. Tin Burger
183. Perspective Plan ^Õxx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞?
[. n~°^… iŒ ≈ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ#∞
184. 4= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ #=¸<å#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k?
[. Jâ’Hõ~∞° „^Œ =∞iÜ«Ú Z.Zãπ.=∂<Õ
185. Indian Economic Planning in its Broader setting J#∞ „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ ?Î°
[. q∞~å÷Öò
186. Theory of circular causation „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ Î° Z=~°∞?
[. q∞~å÷Öò
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ECONOMY
QÆ`« ZÑ≤Ñ≤Zãπã≤, Ü«ÚÑ≤Zãπã≤ „Ñ¨âßflÑ¨„`åÅÖ’x
„Ñ¨ â ◊ fl Å∞–ã¨ = ∂^è • <åÅ∞
1. ÖÏÔ~O*ò ~ˆ Y (Lorenz Curve) H˘eKÕk (Dy.E.O.-2008) (1)
1) P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© 2) ^•i„^ŒºO 3) x~°∞^Àºy`« 4) PÇ¨~° ÑÖÑ≤}©
2. Ç¨~°_–£ _À=∞~üÅ #=¸<å ã¨~fi° ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ ^ÕxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok? (Dy.E.O.-2008)(1)
1) =¸Å^è#Œ qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`«O 2) ^è~Œ ° qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`«O 3) qxÜ≥∂QÆ ã≤^•úO`«O 4) L`«ÊuÎ ã≤^•úO`«O
3. _À=∞~ü ã¨∂„`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O,=¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ 3:1 LO_ç "åi¬Hõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 4% J~Ú#KÀ, HÍ=Åã≤#
á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ~ˆ @∞ ZO`«? (Dy.E.O.-2008) (3)
1) 10% 2) 11% 3) 12% 4) 14%
4. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆO JO>Ë Uk?(Dy.E.O.-2008) (3)
1) áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆO 2) ¿ã=Å ~°OQÆO 3) =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO 4) Ñ¨„uHÍ ~°OQÆO
5. '„Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`«— J#QÍ (Dy.E.O.-2008) (2)
1) L^ÀºQÆO ÖËx =ºH˜Î 2) XHõ Ñ¨xH˜ HÍ=Åã≤# "åiHõ#fl Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok Ñ¨x KÕÜÚ« @
3) „ã‘ÅÎ Ö’ x~°∞^Àºy`« 4) 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =∞iÜ«Ú PÃÑ· L#fl "åiÖ’ x~°∞^Àºy`«
6. ^ÕâßÅ JkèH,õ =∞^èºŒ =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= P^•Ü«∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Å÷ =sæH~õ } ° ^Õx P^è•~°OQÍ KÕ™êÎ~∞° ? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) [<åÉèÏ 2) l.Z<£.Ñ≤ 3) qã‘~Î O‚° 4) `«Åãï l.Z<£.Ñ≤. (4)
7. P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`« qÖ’g∞HõiOK«∞ U ÑïHõÅÊ# Z=iH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#k? (Dy.E.O.-2008) (2)
1) qeÜ«∞"£∞ã¨<£ 2) Ãã·=∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû 3) ÃÇÏKü.K≥#s 4) Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
8. Ç¨Ï~ü¬=∞<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ã¨q∞+≤ì J#∞|O^è•Å∞ ãÖÉèqí OKÕk ^ÕxH˜? (Dy.E.O.-2008) (2)
1) ^è•#ºO =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ Hõ~å‡QÍ~°O 2) W#∞=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú L‰õΩ¯ 3) =„ã¨Î Ñï„â◊=∞O 4) QÆ#∞Å `«=fiHõO
9. `«‰Ωõ ¯= ™ê÷~Ú ã¨=∞`ÒÅº`«Å ãÖ|O^èOŒ Z=i`À HõÅ^Œ∞? (Dy.E.O.-2008) (2)
1) ÃÇÏKü.q∞O\ò 2) P~ü.P~ü.<≥Åû<£ 3) P~ü.#~ü¯¿ã 4) Å∂~Úãπ
10. ¿ãfiK«Ûù =∂Ô~¯\ò "≥∞HÍx[O "åºÑ≤ÖÎ ’xH˜ `≥zÛ# "åÔ~=~°∞? (Dy.E.O.-2008) (4)
1) Z.ã≤.Ñ≤Q∞Æ 2) _®.=∂~°¬Öò 3) "åÖò~åãπ 4) P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü
11. Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ +¨~`° ∞« Å∞, XHõ =$kú ^ŒâQ◊ Í `≥eÑ≤#"å~°∞ (Dy.E.O.-2008) (3)
1) Å∂~Úãπ 2) ™ê=¸ºÖòã¨<£ 3) ~À™Èì"£ 4) ÖˇÉˇ·<£Ããì"£
12. J~°â÷ ß„ãÎ̈ Ñ≤`å=∞Ç¨ï_»∞ (Dy.E.O.-2008) (2)
1) HÍ~ü¡=∂~ü¯û 2) P_»"£∞ ã≤‡`ü 3) iHÍ~À¤ 4) *Ï<£ =∂~°¬Öò
13. 'ã¨fi~°‚Ü«ÚQÆO— (Golden Age) ÉèÏ=# „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ (Dy.E.O.-2008) (4)
1) +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 2) HÍ~ü¡=∂~ü¯û 3) eÜ≥∂ ~åa<£û 4) *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £
14. 'J^Œ$â◊º Ç¨ÏãÎ̈O— J<Õ ã≤^•úO`åxfl „áê|ÅºOÑïz#"å~°∞ Z=~°∞? (Dy.E.O.-2008) (4)
1) Ç¨~å_£ 2) _À=∞~ü 3) *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £ 4) P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü
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15. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ q+¨=ÅÜ«∞O J#QÍ (Dy.E.O.-2008) (1)
1) `«‰Ωõ ¯= L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= P^•Ü«∞O 2) Z‰õΩ¯= L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= P^•Ü«∞O
3) Z‰õΩ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù =∞iÜ«Ú Z‰õΩ¯= ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 4) `«‰Ωõ ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù =∞iÜ«Ú Z‰õΩ¯= ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç
16. Pi÷Hõ Jaè=$kú J#QÍ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (4)
1) XHõ ^ÕâO◊ x[ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ã≤~÷ O° QÍ LO_»_O»
2) *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ XHõ ãÖ=`«û~° HÍÅOÖ’ ãÖÉèqí Oz# „^Œ=º ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
3) =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ =$kúx JkèQqÆ ∞Oz# áêi„âßq∞Hõ~O° QÆO =$kú
4) Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ x~å‡}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ`À ãÖÉèqí Oz# n~°H… ÍeHõ Pi÷Hõ =$kú
17. g\˜Ö’ Uk JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ ÅHõ} Δ O HÍ^Œ∞ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (3)
1) JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ =$kú̂~@∞ 2) JkèHõ x~°∞^Àºy`« ~ˆ @∞ 3) JkèHõ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù „Ñ¨=$uÎ 4)JkèHõ x~°H~Δõ åã¨º`« ~ˆ @∞
18. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ˇfl\òû „Ñ¨HÍ~°O Pi÷Hõ =$kú `˘e ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (2)
1) ™ê¿ÑHõΔ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«fiO `«Q∞Æ `æ ∞« Ok 2) ™ê¿ÑHõΔ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«fiO ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok
3) P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«fiO `«Q∞Æ `æ ∞« Ok 4) P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© U PHÍ~°OÖ’ LO@∞Ok
19. xÅ^˘‰õΩ¯‰õΩ<Õ (H˘#™êyOK«QeÆ Qˆ ) Jaè=$kú nxH˜ =iÎã∞¨ OÎ k („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (1)
1) „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « `«~O° "åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ Éèqí +¨º`ü `«~åÅ"åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ áê_»∞KÕÜ∞« ‰õΩO_® f~°Û_»O
2) Éèqí +¨º`ü `«~åÅ"åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « `«~O° "åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ Ñ¨H¯õ ‰õΩ ÃÑ@ì‰Ωõ O_® f~°Û_»O
3) „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « `«~O° "åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ „Ñ¨H¯õ ‰õΩ ÃÑ\ì̃ Éèqí +¨º`ü `«~åÅ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_»O
4) „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « `«~O° "åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ Éèqí +¨º`ü `«~åÅ"åi J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ „Ñ¨H¯õ ‰õΩÃÑ\ì̃ <≥~"° ~Õ Û° _»O
20. „HÕk"å\˜Ö’ Uk Pi÷Hˆ `«~° HÍ~°HOõ HÍ^Œ∞? („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (3)
1) =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞ 2) ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ ^Œ$HõÊ^ä•Å∞ 3) =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O 4)~å[H©Ü∞« ãÖK«Ü∞« #O
21. Ç¨i_£–_À=∂~ü #=¸<åÖ’ ã¨=∞`ÒÅº =$kú ^ÕxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok?(„QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (1)
1) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú L`«ÊuÎ–=¸Å^è#Œ ~ˆ @∞ 2) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú [<åÉèÏ =$kú~ˆ @∞
3) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú „^Œ=ºO ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü 4) =_ô¤ ~ˆ @∞¡ =∞iÜ«Ú „^Œ=º ^è~Œ Å° ∞
22. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« Pi÷Hõ =$kúH˜ xHΔ̃ÑÎ̈ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«|_»∞`«∞O^Œx <˘H˜¯ K≥ÑÊ≤ # J~°â÷ ß„ãÎ̈"`Õ Î«
(„QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (1)
1) ~åQÍfl~ü #ˆ~¯û 2) P~°~÷ ü Å∂~Úãπ 3) PÖò|~üì Ç¨~ü¬=∞<£ 4)~À*ˇ<£ Ãã~ì Ú<£ ~À_®<£
23. |ÅÇ‘Ï#"≥∞#ÿ qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ#∞ |Å"≥∞#ÿ u~ÀQÍq∞ „Ñ¨HÍΔ à◊# „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞ =∞_çz"Õã≤ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú
Jaè=$kúH˜ QÆ∞iKÕã∞¨ OÎ ^Œx q=iOz# J~°â÷ ß„ãÎ̈"`Õ Î« („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (2)
1) ã¨g∞~ü Jg∞<£ 2) l.q∞~åÌÖò 3) Z.l.„á¶êºOH± 4)Z"£∞.\Á_®~˘
24. JÅÊ Jaè=$kú ™êkèOz# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ `«ÑÊ¨ xãï Hõhã¨ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ "≥Ú`«OÎ Ö’ LO_®Åx „ÑüáêkOz#
Jaè=$kú J~°â÷ ß„ãÎ̈"`Õ Î« („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (1)
1) ÃÇÏKü.Öˇ·ˇÉˇ<£ Ããì~Ú<£ 2) P~ü.<≥Åû<£ 3) P~ü.~À_®<£ 4)P~ü.#ˆ~¯û
25. P^è∞Œ xHõ ~°OQÆ=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ~°OQÆO Hõeã≤ LO_»∞@#∞ WÖÏ JO\Ï~°∞ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2005) (3)
1) Pi÷Hõ ã¨fi`«O„`«`« 2) „ÃÑ"· @ Õ ∞ ~°OQÆO „áê=ÚYº`« 3) Pi÷Hõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fi=Ú 4) ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
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26. L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å ZOÑ≤Hõ J#QÍ g\˜ =∞^èºŒ ZOÑ≤Hõ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2000) (1)
1) „â◊=∞ ™êO„^Œ`« =∞iÜ«Ú =¸Å^è#Œ ™êO„^Œ`«
2) ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O =∞iÜ«Ú P^è∞Œ xHõ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O
3) ÃÑ^Œ`Ì ~« Ç° ¨ Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ‰õΩ\©~° Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ 4) „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi ~°OQÆO =∞iÜ«Ú „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ~°OQÆO
27. ã¨|÷ `ú åã≤u÷ ã≤^•úO`«=Ú#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2000) (1)
1) ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ Pi÷Hâõ ß„ãÎ̈"`Õ ÅÎ« ∞ 2) #=º ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ Pi÷Hõ âß„ãÎ̈"`Õ ÅÎ« ∞
3) #∂`«# ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ Pi÷Hõ âß„ãÎ̈"`Õ ÅÎ« ∞ 4) P^è∞Œ xHõ Pi÷Hõ âß„ãÎ̈"`Õ ÅÎ« ∞
28. ^•i„^Œº q+¨=ÅÜ«∞ ÉèÏ=###∞ QÆ∞iOz K≥ÑÊ≤ #"å~°∞ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2000) (4)
1) ÉˇOl=∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£ 2) QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~°Ö¤ ò 3) _»|∞¡ º.Z.Öˇqãπ 4) ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯¿ã
29. `«‰Ωõ ¯= Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Pi÷H=õ $kúH˜ =ÚYº x~À^èHŒ =õ Ú („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2000) (2)
1) x~°HõΔ~åã¨º`« 2) =¸Å^èŒ#H˘~°`«
3) `«‰Ωõ ¯=™ê÷~Ú ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O 4) `«‰Ωõ ¯= ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ =∂#= =#~°∞Å∞
30. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O `«‰õΩ¯= Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Pi÷Hõ=$kú `«fii`«QÆu# [~°QÍÅO>Ë ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k(„QÆ∂Ñπ2–2000)
1) ã≤~÷ `° fi« O`À ‰õÄ_ç# =$kú 2) JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 3) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 4) ÃÑ"· å\˜Ö’ UnHÍ^Œ∞ (2)
31. D„HÕk Hõ#|~°z# "å\˜Ö’ Uk ™êOÑ¶≤∞Hõ =º=ã¨÷ =¸Å^èŒ#=Ú#‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#k HÍ^Œ∞?(„QÆ∂Ñπ2–2000)
1) P~ÀQÆº ™œHõ~åºÅ∞ 2) q^•º ™œHõ~åºÅ∞ 3) Ü«∞O„`« ™ê=∞„y 4) ~°"å}Ï ™œHõ~åºÅ∞ (3)
32. =¸Å^è#Œ O – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ J#QÍ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2–2000) (2)
1) qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞x =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ ãïÑ¨_∞» =¸Å^è#Œ O Ü«¸x@∞¡
2) XHõ Ü«¸x\ò L`«ÊuÎx `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ ãïÑ¨_∞» =¸Å^è#Œ O
3) =¸Å^è#Œ O Pã≤xÎ <≥ÅH˘Å∞Ê@‰õΩ `«y# =¸Å^è#Œ O "≥Ú`«OÎ 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
33. Pi÷Hõ Jaè=$kú JO>Ë (Non-Gazetted 2005) (2)
1) XHõ ãÖ=`«û~°O #∞O_ç =∞~˘Hõ ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
2) x[ ÖË^• "åã¨qÎ Hõ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OÖ’ n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ [iˆQ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
3) n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ [iˆQ x[ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
4) [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ J#∞áê`«OQÍ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
34. ~À™Èì"£ ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `« kâ◊"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ =∞o¡OÑ¨Ù ^Œâ◊ (Non-Gazetted 2005) (4)
1) Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« `À "≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞Ok 2) Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« #∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k
3) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ =ã¨∞OÎ k 4) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ `«~∞° "å`« =ã¨∞OÎ k
35. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂ÅÃÑ· QÆÅ "å^Œ# D ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÃÑ#· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ç L<åfl~Ú (Non-Gazetted 2005) (3)
1) P^•Ü«∞O =∞iÜ«Ú [<åÉèÏ 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =∞iÜ«Ú ™êOˆHuHõ *Ï˝#O
3) L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞O 4) qxÜ≥∂QÆO =∞iÜ«Ú L`«ÊuÎ
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36. [<åÉèÏ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^èOŒ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú ã¨=∞`ÒÅº`«‰Ωõ
^•i fã¨∞OÎ ^Œx q=iOz# =ºH˜Î (Non - Gazetted, 2005) (4)
1) ÃÇÏKü. ã≤OQÆ~ü 2) P~ü.~À_®<£ 3) ÃÇÏKü. ÖˇÉ· <ˇ £ Ãã~ì Ú<£ 4) P~ü.<≥Åû<£
37. „HÕk Uk Jaè=$kúx x~°~‚ ÚOKÕ Pi÷Hˆ `«~° HÍ~°HOõ HÍ^Œ∞ ? (Non - Gazetted, 2005) (3)
1) =∂#= ™ê^è<Œ åÅ∞ 2) ™ê=∂lHõ ^Œ$HõÊ^è•Å∞ 3) =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O 4) ~årHõÜ∞« ã≤~÷ `° fi« O
38. D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ U JOâ◊O =∂#= Jaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõÖ’ ÑïQÆ}O˜ K«|_»^∞Œ ? (Non - Gazetted, 2005) ( 3 )
1) r=# JOK«<åHÍÅO 2) r=# „Ñ¨=∂}O 3) „ã‘Î Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ã¨=∂#`«fiO 4) q^•º~°#˚
39. [<åÉèÏ Ñï}Ï=∞O D „HÕk ^ÕxH˜ =iÎã∞¨ OÎ k ? (Non - Gazetted, 2005) (3)
1) „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÅ #∞Oz Ñ¨@} ì „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ [<åÉèÏ =Åã¨
2) [<åÉèÏ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „ã‘Î – Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê
3) JkèHõ [## – =∞~°} ~ˆ @¡ #∞Oz `«‰Ωõ ¯= [## =∞~°} ~ˆ @¡‰Ωõ HõêŒ Hõ
4) JkèHõ [#<åÅ =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @¡ #∞Oz `«‰Ωõ ¯= [#<åÅ =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @¡‰Ωõ HõêŒ Hõ
40. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨xfl „ÑüáêkOK«_O» Ö’ D L^ÕâÌ O◊ LOk (Non - Gazetted, 2005) (4)
1) Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’x qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅ =∞^èºŒ Ñ¨~ã° Ê¨ ~° ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO_»_O»
2) |Ç≤Ï~°`æ « P^•Å#∞ JO`«~`æ° O« QÍ =∞Å∞K«∞HÀ=_®xH˜ QÆÅ P=â◊ºHõ`«
3) UHõHÍÅ =∂Ô~¯@¡ J=ã¨~O° 4) ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
41. Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ ~°K#« ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# ~Ô O_»∞ H˘~°`Å« (MÏmÅ) ã≤^•úO`«O nxH˜ =iÎã∞¨ OÎ k. (Non-Gazetted, 2005) (4)
1) „^Œ"ÀºÅƒù} H˘~°`« =∞iÜ«Ú ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç MÏm 2) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù JO`«~O° =∞iÜ«Ú „Ñü „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ} JO`«~O°
3) q^Õâ◊ „^Œ=º =∂~°HOõ QÍºÑπ =∞iÜ«Ú „^Œ=ºÖ’@∞ q^è•#O
4) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù H˘~°`« =∞iÜ«Ú q^Õâ◊ „^Œ=º qx=∞Ü«∞ H˘~°`« ÖË^• J=~À^èOŒ
42. D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Uk H˘O`« =~°HÔ <· å =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ OÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çQÍ ÑïQÆ}O˜ K«|_»∞`«∞Ok?(Non-Gazetted, 2005)
1) ÖÏOKè#« |^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ q^Œº 2) Ñ¨xKÕã∂¨ Î tHõ} Δ á⁄O^Œ_O» (4)
3) "≥∞~°∞QÔ #· P~ÀQÆº ™œHõ~º° O 4) ÃÑ=· hfl
43. =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`«‰Ωõ QÆÅ HÍ~°}O (Non - Gazetted, 2005) (1)
1) Éè∂í q∞ÃÑ· [<åÉèÏ XuÎ_ç 2) |∞∞`«∞Ñ¨=<åÅÃÑ· =º=™êÜ«∞O P^è•~°Ñ_¨ _» O»
3) [q∞O^•s ~°∂Ñ¨Ù=∂Ñ¨_O» 4) =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆOÖ’ HÍi‡Hõ ãÖÑ¶∂¨ Å∞ ÖËHáõ È=_»O
44. yh QÆ∞}HõO H˘eKÕk (APPSC, 2001) (1)
1) P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ 2) „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞
™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ 4) ™êOˆHuHõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞
45. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ ™êOˆHuHõ q*Ï˝#O J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#"å_»∞ (APPSC, 2001) (4)
1) Z.ÔH.¿ã<£ 2) Ñ¶∞¨ OÑ‘@~ü 3) *ˇ.*ˇ.áÈÅH± 4) Ñ¶∞¨ =∂Hõ~ü
46. ã¨~Ñ° ~¨¶ å ^Œ$ëêì º ''aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π—— (ÃÑ^ŒÌ „`ÀÑ¨Ù_»∞) ã≤^•úO`«O D „HÕk P^è•~°OQÍ "åkOK«|_»k¤ (APPSC, 2001) ( 3 )
1) [<åÉèÏ JkèH=õ $kú 2) JkèHõ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~ˆ @∞
3) JqÉèÏ[º`«Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú |Ç≤Ï~°`æ åÅ∞ 4) =∂Ô~¯\ò qã¨Î $`« Ñïkè.
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47. ''XHõ ^ÕâO◊ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõOQÍ LO_»_®xH˜ ^•x ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ"∞Õ HÍ~°}O—— Jx K≥ÑC¨ @Ö’ QÆÅ ÉèÏ"å~°=÷ Ú D „HÕk ^•xH˜
=iÎã∞¨ OÎ k (APPSC, 2001) (2)
1) ÃÑ^ŒÌ Z`«∞#Î x~°∞^Àºy`« 2) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∞=Ú
3) `«‰Ωõ ¯= ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~ˆ @∞ 4) `«‰Ωõ ¯= y~åH© ™ê÷~Ú
48. U.N.D.P. ^•fi~å 1990 #∞O_ç "å_»∞HõÖ’ L#fl Pi÷HÍaè=$kúH˜ H˘Å=∂#O (APPSC, 2001) (3)
1) =∞øeHõ J=ã¨~åÅ ã¨∂zHõ 2) Éè∫uHõ <å}º`« r=# ã¨∂zHõ (Ñ≤.‰õÄº.ZÖò.S.)
3) =∂#= Jaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ 4) P^•Ü«∞ ã¨∂zHõ
49. „Hõ=∞=$kú J#QÍ (APPSC, 2001) (2)
1) Jxfl ~°OQÍÅÖ’ XHõ ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ XˆH ~ˆ @∞ ™êkèOK«∞@
2) Jxfl ~°OQÍÅÖ’ KåÖÏ ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ =~°‰Ωõ XˆH ~ˆ @∞ ™êkèOK«∞@
3) ã¨fiÅÊ HÍÅOÖ’ =º=™êÜ«∞ =$kú~ˆ @∞ JkèHOõ QÍ LO_»_O»
4) n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ áêi„âßq∞Hõ =$kú~ˆ @∞ JkèHOõ QÍ LO_»_O»
50. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ÉèÏ=# J#QÍ (APPSC, 2001) (3)
1) Pi÷Hõ =$kú`À áÈe¿ãÎ ãÖ‰õΩz`«"∞≥ #ÿ ÉèÏ=# 2) Pi÷Hõ =$kú`À ã¨=∂#O
3) Pi÷H=õ $kú`À áÈe¿ãÎ qãÎ̈ $`«"∞≥ #ÿ ÉèÏ=# 4) Pi÷HÍaè=$kú`À U q^èOŒ QÍ#∞ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖËxk
51. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J#QÍ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú =∞iÜ«Ú (APPSC, 2001) (4)
1) ^è~Œ ° ã≤~÷ `° fi« =Ú 2) „^Œ"ÀºÅ|‚O 3) „Ñü „^Œ"ÀºÅƒù}O 4) ™ê=∂lHõ =∂~°∞Ê
52. Z‰õΩ¯= =∞^èºŒ , `«‰Ωõ ¯= P^•Ü«∞ ^ÕâßÅ∞QÍ nx „áêuÑ¨kHõ g∞^Œ qÉèlí OK«|_®¤~Ú (APPSC, 2003) (4)
1) [<åÉèÏ 2) l.Z<£.Ñ≤. 3) "≥â· ßÅº=Ú 4) `«Åãï l.Z<£.Ñ≤.≤
53. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ Pi÷HÍa=$kúH˜ Uk J=~À^èOŒ ? (APPSC, 2003) (4)
1) `«‰Ωõ ¯= =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ#ˆ~@∞ 2) ^•i„^Œº q+¨=ÅÜ«∞O
3) ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ, ™êOã¨¯ $u J=~À^è•Å∞ 4) ÃÑ=· hfl
54. XHõ ^ÕâÑ◊ Ù¨ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú nxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok (APPSC, 2003) (4)
1) ã¨=∂[ =#~°∞Å∞ 2) =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ# 3) =∂Ô~¯\ò Ñï=∂}=Ú 4) ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
55. Jaè=$kúH˜ #∂`«# H˘Å=∂#=Ú (APPSC, 2003) (4)
1) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O 2) ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O 3) ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞ 4) =∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ
56. P^•Ü«∞Ñ¨Ù Jã¨=∂#`«Å QÆ∂iÛ, u~°Q|Æ _ç# "U" PHÍ~° ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ (APPSC, 2003) ( 1 )
1) Ãã=· ∞<£‰Ωõ *ˇfl\òû 2) Z.ÔH.¿ã<£ 3) K≥#s 4) ÉèQí =Æ u
57. Ç¨Ï~ü¬=∞<£ ##∞ãïOz D „HÕk Ñï„â◊=∞Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨q∞+≤ì ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú LO@∞Ok. (Z‰õΩ¯= J#∞|O^è•Å∞)
(APPSC, 2003) (1)
1) W#∞=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú L‰õΩ¯ i„â◊=∞ 2) *∫o Ñï„â◊=∞
3) QÆ#∞Å Ñï„â◊=∞ 4) ÃÑ"· å\˜Ö’ UnHÍ^Œ∞
58. Pi÷Hõ =$kúÖ’, ã¨fi~°Ü ‚ Ú« QÆ ÉèÏ=##∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ (APPSC, 2003) (3)
1) Ç¨Ï~å_£ 2) _À=∂~ü 3) *’<£~åa<£ã<¨ £ 4) J_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü
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59. =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ (APPSC, 2003) (4)
1) Ç¨Ï~å_£ 2) _À=∂~ü 3) *’<£~åa#û<£ 4) _»|Œ ∞¡ º. _»|∞¡ º. ~À™Èì"£
60. ''ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú—— J#QÍ (APPSC, 2003) (1)
1) XHõ ~ˆ @∞Ö’ Jxfl Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ =$kú K≥O^Œ∞@ 2) ™ê=∞~°ãº¨ =$kú
3) =∂#∞ºá¶êHõÛiOQ∑ ~°OQÆOÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 4) =º=™êÜ«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç
61. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ "åkOz# =ÓºÇ¨Ï"Õ∞k ? (APPSC, 2003) (2)
1) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 2) JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú
3) ZQÆ∞=∞u „áÈ`åûÇ¨ÏHõ =ÓºÇ¨Ï=Ú 4) kQÆ∞=∞u „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞ =ÓºÇ¨Ï=Ú
62. q^ŒºÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çx D q^èOŒ QÍ ÑïQÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° . (APPSC, 2003) (2)
1) Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú 2) =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú 3) ã¨=∂[ =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
63. q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`«=Ú#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ (APPSC, 2003) (2)
1) =∂~°¬Öò 2) HÍ~ü=¡ ∂~ü¯û 3) Z.ã≤.Ñ≤Q∂Æ 4) áêÖò ™ê=¸ºÖòã<¨ £
64. yh QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl Ü≥∞_»Å (APPSC, 2003) (2)
1) Jã¨=∂#`« `«‰Ωõ ¯= 2) Jã¨=∂#`« Z‰õΩ¯= 3) ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ã¨=∂#`« 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
65. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y nxx H˘Å∞ã¨∞OÎ k (APPSC, 2003) (1)
1) P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© 2) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ=Ú 3) x~°∞^Àºy`« 4) PÇ¨~° ÑÖÑ≤}©
66. =∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ D „HÕk P^è•~°OQÍ xi‡™êÎ~∞° (J.L., 2003) (2)
1) JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« ~ˆ @∞, tâ◊√=∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú r=#HÍÅ ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞`« ~ˆ @∞
2) JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« ~ˆ @∞, r=#HÍÅ ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞`« ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞O
3) JHõ~Δ åã¨`º« ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú K«^∞Œ =Ù‰õΩ<Õ ~ÀAÅ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞, [##=∞Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ r=#HÍÅ ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞`« ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú
Ñïâ◊√„Éèí`«
4) ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞ r=#HÍÅ ~ˆ @∞ tâ◊√=∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú áÈ+¨}
67. P~°~÷ Åü ∂~¸ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O, ^ŒfiO^Œfi Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ g\˜ LxH˜x `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã∞¨ OÎ k. (J.L., 2006) (2)
1) =º=™êÜ«∞O, Ñï„â◊=∞
2) "≥#∞Hõ|_»¤ Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨fiÅÊ P^è∞Œ xHõ ~°OQÆO
3) P^è∞Œ xHõ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞
4) „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°∞¡
68. ãÖÉèÏ=º`å =$kú̂~@∞ J<≥_ç ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#"å~°∞ (J.L., 2006) (3)
1) N=∞u *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £ 2) _»|∂¡ º._»|∂¡ º.~À™Èì"£ 3) P~ü.ZÑ¶.π Ç¨~å_£ 4) a.Ç≤Ïyæ<û£
69. 5% ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç~ˆ @∞ #∞Oz 10% ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ LO\Ï~Ú. (J.L., 2006)
(3)
1) ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O 2) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO 3) Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ◊ 4) ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `«"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ #_»∞Ñ¨Ù
70. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz# J~°â÷ ßG"Õ`Î« (J.L., 2006) (4)
1) QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò 2) ~À*ˇ<Ã£ ã~ì Ú<£ ~À_®<£ 3) P~ü.P~ü.<≥Åû<£ 4) Ç¨~ˆ fiÖˇÉ· <ˇ ã£ <ì‘ £
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71. <≥Åû<£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O JÅÊ™ê÷~Ú ã¨=∞`ÒÅºO =Å¡ "≥#∞Hõ|_»¤ ^ÕâßÅÖ’ D HÍ~°}OQÍ U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok. (J.L., 2006) ( 1 )
1) [<åÉèÏ JkèHõ =$kú̂~@∞ 2) *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O `«‰Ωõ ¯= =$kú ~ˆ @∞
3) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂Å `«‰Ωõ ¯= =$kú~ˆ @∞ 4) `«‰Ωõ ¯= [<åÉèÏ ~ˆ @∞
72. n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ ãÖÑ¨Ó~À‚^Àºy`« QÆÅ „Hõ=∞=$kú ~å=_®xH˜ Ç¨~å_£ D +¨~`° ∞« #∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. (J.L., 2006) ( 3 )
1) Ga = Gw 2) Gw = Gn 3) Ga = Gw = Gn 4) Ga = Gn
73. D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Uk `«ÑÙ¨ Ê ? (J.L., 2006) (1)
1) Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ã≤^•úO`åxfl P~°~÷ Åü ∂~¸ãπ „ÑüáêkOKå~°∞
2) JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxfl ÃÇÏKü.ã≤OQÆ~ü |ÅÑïKå_»∞
3) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨ =ÅÜ«∂Å#∞ #~ü¯û qâı+¡ O≤ Kå_»∞
4) Hˆ O„^ŒO – LÑï`«ÅO "≥q· ^Œº ã≤^•úO`åxfl P~ü.„ÃÑa+πÛ „ÑüáêkOKå_»∞
74. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`«#∞ xHΔ̃ÑÎ̈ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞H˘x ^ÕâßÅ∞ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ=K«∞Û Jx K≥ÑÊ≤ # J~°â÷ ßG"Õ`Î«
(J.L., 2006) (1)
1) P~ü. #~ü¯û 2) Ñ≤. ÉÏ~°<£ 3) W. _À=∞~ü 4) _»|∂¡ º._»|∂¡ º.~À™Èì"£
75. LáêO`« =¸Å^è#Œ – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ JO>Ë HÍ=Åã≤# (J.L., 2006) (1)
1) XHõ J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù Ü«¸x\ò L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑOK«_®xH˜ HÍ=Åã≤# =¸Å^è#Œ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
2) "≥Ú`«OÎ =¸Å^è<Œ åxH˜, "≥Ú`«OÎ L`«ÊuÎH˜ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ x+¨ÊuÎ
3) =¸Å^è#Œ qÅ∞= ” L`«ÊuÎ qÅ∞= 4) "≥Ú`«OÎ =¸Å^è#Œ O – "≥Ú`«OÎ L`«ÊuÎ
76. „â◊=∞ qÉè[í # ÉèÏ"åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#k Z=~°∞ ? (J.L., 2006) (4)
1) *ˇ.Zãπ.q∞Öò 2) iHÍ~À¤ 3) Å∂~¸ãπ 4) ã≤‡`ü
77. =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞ „HÕk Z=iH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#k ? (J.L., 2007) (2)
1) HÍ~ü=¡ ∂~ü¯ û 2) ~À™Èì"£ 3) Ñ¶∞¨ OÑ‘@~ü 4) QÆ∞<åfl~üq∞~åÌÖò
78. Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ Ñ¨Ù~ÀQÆuÖ’ LOk Jx K≥ÑÊ¨ _®xH˜, `«$fÜ«∞~°OQÆ "å\Ï *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ (J.L., 2007) (2)
1) `«Q_æÆ O» 2) ÃÑ~°Q_Æ O»
3) ã≤~÷ O° QÍ LO_»_O» 4) "≥Ú^Œ@ ÃÑiy `«~åfi`« `«Q_æÆ O»
79. ã¨ÑÜ¡¨ ∞ü "≥Ñ· Ù¨ #~ü¯û „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨ =ÅÜ«∂Å∞ D HÍ~°}OQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ™êÎ~Ú (J.L., 2004) (4)
1) ^ÕâO◊ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ "≥#∞Hõ|_»¤ `«#O 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç H˘~°`«
3) ™êOˆHuHõ <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ÏºÅ H˘~°`« 4) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù H˘~°`«
80. q∞~åÌÖò „Ñ¨HÍ~°O "≥#∞Hõ|_»¤ ^ÕâßÅÖ’ `«‰Ωõ ¯= Jaè=$kú KÀ@∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O ? (J.L., 2004) (2)
1) JkèHõ qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞, `«‰Ωõ ¯= ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞
2) `«‰Ωõ ¯= qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞, JkèHõ ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞
3) qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞, ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞ ~Ô O_»∂ `«‰Ωõ ¯=
4) qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞, ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞ ~Ô O_»∞ Z‰õΩ¯=
81. Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ã≤^•úO`«O nxfl <˘H˜¯ K≥ÑÙ¨ `«∞Ok (J.L., 2004) (3)
1) ãÔ̈~#· L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å#∞ L`«ÊuÎÖ’ "å_»_O» 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç q^è•#O
3) ÃÑ^ŒÌ "≥Ú`«OÎ Ö’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç P=â◊ºHõ`« 4) `«‰Ωõ ¯= [<åÉèÏ =$kú̂~@∞
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82. Éè∫uHõ <å}º`« r=# ã¨∂zHõ (PQLI) =¸_»∞ JOâßÅ P^è•~°OQÍ xi‡Oz# XHõ ã¨∂zHõ (J.L., 2004) ( 2 )
1) [#‡ #∞Oz ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞ rq`«HÍÅO, tâ◊√ =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞O
2) [#‡ #∞Oz ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞ rq`«HÍÅO, tâ◊√ =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« ~ˆ @∞
3) [#‡ #∞Oz ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞ rq`«HÍÅO, tâ◊√ =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú áÈ+¨}
4) [#‡ #∞Oz ãÖÉè=í hÜ«∞ rq`«HÍÅO, áÈ+¨} =∞iÜ«Ú JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« ~ˆ @∞
83. Ç¨~å_£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`«`À ‰õÄ_ç# n~°H… ÍÅ ã¨=∞`ÒÅº`« Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ D Ñïã≤u÷ Ö’ =ã¨∞OÎ k
(J.L., 2004) ( 2 )
1) Ga = Gw 2) Ga = Gn = Gw 3) Gn = Gw 4) Ga = Gn
84. ''Pã≤Ü«∞<£ „_®=∂—— „QÆO^äŒHõ~°Î (J.L., 2004) (1)
1) QÆ∞<åfl~üq∞~å÷Öò 2) P_»Oã≤‡`ü 3) Z.ÔH.¿ã<£ 4) Z.Å∂~¸ãπ
85. ''™ê‡Öò D*ò |∂º\˜Ñ¶¨ÙÖò—— „QÆO^äŒHõ~°Î (J.L., 2003) (2)
1) QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 2) Ñ¶∞¨ =∂K«~ü 3) *’Ã+Ñ¶π ã≤QÔì \¡ ò˚ 4) =O^Œ<åt=
86. ''™êOˆHuHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fi=Ú—— J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz#k (J.L., 2003) (1)
1) ÉˇOlq∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£ 2) *ˇ.ÃÇÏKü.ÉÁÔH 3) Z.Å∂~¸ãπ 4) P~ü.~À_®<£
87. I.C.O.R. - qã¨~Î }° (J.L., 2001) (4)
1) áêi„âßq∞Hõ =¸Å^è#Œ – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ 2) JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =¸Å^è#Œ – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ
3) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =¸Å^è#Œ – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ 4) J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù (LáêO`«) =¸Å^è#Œ – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ
88. =∂~ü¯ û Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ z=i ^Œâ◊ (J.L., 2001) (3)
1) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s q^è•#O 2) ™ê„=∂[º"å^ŒO 3) Hõ=¸ºx[O 4) ™È+ë[O
89. ''JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú—— ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#k (J.L., 2001) (2)
1) #~ü¯ û 2) Ç¨~ü¬=∞<£ 3) "≥c<£ã<ì‘ £ 4) ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£
90. Å∂~¸ãπ „ÑüáêkOz# JÑï`«q∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü ã≤^•úO`«O nxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ Oç k (J.L., 2001) (4)
1) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O
2) Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ã≤^•úO`«O
3) ''ÉèÏs „`ÀÑ¨Ù—— ã≤^•úO`«O
4) JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ Hõey# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ã¨∞<åfl LO@∞Ok
91. ''~À™Èì"—£ — =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ – ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `«‰Ωõ QÆ=∞#=Ú J<Õ ^Œâ◊ (J.L., 2001) (2)
1) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚOL^Œ =K«∞Û#∞ 2) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ `«~åfi`« =K«∞Û#∞
3) Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« „áê~°OÉè=í ∞QÆ∞#∞ 4) Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ñ¨ÓiÎ JQÆ∞#∞
92. =∞Ç¨Å<Àaãπ #=¸<å‰õΩ „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞OQÍ ''"Õ`#« =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ #=¸<å#∞—— ~°zOz# "å~°∞ (Gazz, 2006) ( 1 )
1) =H©Öò – „|Ç¨‡#O^Œ 2) Zãπ. K«„Hõ=iÎ 3) [QÆnâò ÉèQí =Æ u 4) _ç.P~ü.QÍ_çÖæ ò
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93. =∂~ü¯û Jaè=$kú ^Œâ◊ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ ãÔ̈~#· „Hõ=∞O Uk ? (Civils, 2007) (2)
1) ÉÏxã¨ ^Œâ◊ 2) Pk=∞ Hõ=¸ºx[O
3) ™È+ë[O 4) Hõ=¸ºx[O
5) Ñ¶Ó¨ º_»e[O 6) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s q^è•#O
„HÕk "Code" #∞Ñ¨Ü∂≥ yOz ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # ã¨=∂^è•#=Ú Hõ#∞Q˘#O_ç.
1) 1–2–3–4–5–6 2) 2–1–5–6–3–4
3) 1–2–5–6–3–4 4) 2–1–5–6–4–3
94. ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû „ÑüáêkOz# ''u~°Q"Æ ãÕ #≤ U" ã≤^•úO`«=Ú (inverted U-hypothesis) D „HÕk JOâßxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#k
(Civils, 2007) (3)
1) qxÜ≥∂QÆ Jã¨=∂#`« 2) ãÖÑ¨^Œ Jã¨=∂#`«
3) P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`« 4) Ñ¨#∞fl Jã¨=∂#`«
95. ''J#∞|O^è•Å ã≤^•úO`«=Ú—— U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ Jaè=$kú #=¸<å‰õΩ ãïáÈ=Ù#∞ (Civils, 2007) (2)
1) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú #=¸<å 2) JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú #=¸<å
3) [<åÉèÏ =$kú #=¸<å 4) XHõ ~°OQÆ =$kú #=¸<å
96. „áê~°OÉèOí Ö’ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ ™ê÷~Ú ÃÑiy `«~åfi`« ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞—— Jx „ÑüáêkOz# Pi÷H"õ `Õ Î«
(Civils, 1995) (2)
1) Ç¨~å_£ 2) Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû 3) Ç≤ÏH±û 4) +¨μÖò˚
97. kQÆ∞=#∞#fl ~°K~« Ú`«Å#∞ – ÉèÏ=#Å#∞ [`«KÜ Õ ∞« O_ç (Civils, 2000) (Z)
eãπì – 1 eãπì – 2
Z) _À=∞~ü 1) ã¨fi~°Ü
‚ Ú« QÆO (Golden age)
a) ~À*<£ã<ì‘ £ – ~À_®<£ 2) aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π
ã≤) Rostow (~À™Èì")£ 3) Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞
_ç) *Ï<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £ 4) J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ (Required rate of growth)
Codes :
a) A B C D b) A B C D c) A B C D d) A B C D
4 2 3 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 1 3
98. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`«‰Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz „HÕk "åxÖ’ ãï J~Ú#k (Civils, 1995) (2)
Z) Wk xH˜ÑΔ Î¨ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù#∞ `≥eÜ«∞KÕÜÚ« #∞
a) „â◊=∞ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ã¨∞<åfl ÖË^• KåÖÏ `«‰Ωõ ¯=
ã≤) Wk L=∞‡_ç ‰õΩ@∞O| q^è•#O =Å¡ Hõ#|_»∞#∞
_ç) „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÖ’¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Hõ#|_»∞#∞
1) a, ã≤ 2) Z, a, ã≤, _ç 3) ã≤, _ç 4) Z, a, ã≤
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ECONOMY
99. [`«KÜÕ ∞« O_ç. (Civils, 1996) (Z)
Z) ~À[<£ ã‘<ì £ – ~À_®<£ 1) Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ã≤^•úO`«O
a) ÖˇÉ· <ˇ £ ã‘<ì £ 2) aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`«O
ã≤) #~ü¯û 3) Take off (Ñ¨¡=#^Œâ◊)
_ç) _»|∞¡ º. _»|∞¡ º. ~À™Èì"£ 4) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞
Codes : a) A B C D b) A B C D c) A B C D d) A B C D
2 1 4 3 3 4 2 1 3 1 4 2 2 4 1 3
100. ''Pi÷HÍaè=$kú—— J#QÍ (Civils, 1997) (2)
1) x~°O`«~° „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« 2) ã¨fiÅÊHÍeHõ „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« 3) n~°H… ÍeHõ „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞«
ÃÑ· "åºYºÅÖ’ ãï J~Ú#k
1) 2 =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 3 3) 3 =∂„`«"∞Õ 4) 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2
101. "Economic development with unlimited supply of labour" J<Õ „QÆO^è•xfl ~°zOzOk. (Civils, 1998) ( 3 )
1) Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 2) ~À™Èì"£ 3) Å∂~¸ãπ 4) z<åi
102. Öˇa· <£ã<ì‘ £ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ [<åÉèÏ J<Õ HÍ~°H=õ Ú D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜÚ« #∞ (Civils, 1995) ( 2 )
1) P^•Ü«∂xfl ã¨$+≤Oì K«∞#∞ 2) P^•Ü«∂xfl J}˜K"« Ü Õ Ú« #∞ (income depressing)
3) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç „áÈ`åûÇ¨ÏO 4) =∂Ô~¯\ò qã¨Î $u
103. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü Jaè=$kú ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ nxH˜ „áê^è•#º`« W=fi|_≥#∞ (Civils, 1999) (4)
VC+C
1) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú P=â◊ºHõ`« 2) J=™ê÷Ñ#¨ ™œHõ~åºÅ Jaè=$kú
V +V C
V
3) "Õ∞<Õ[~°¡ áê„`« 4) #=HõÅÊ#Å áê„`«
104. „HÕk "åxÖ’ ãïQÍæ [`«KÜ Õ ∞« |_ç#k (Civils, 1999) (2)
1) Z._»|∞¡ º. Å∂~¸ãπ – aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`«O 2) Z.F. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ – JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨ÏO
3) ~À*ˇxã‘<ì £ ~À_®<£ – Pi÷Hõ =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞ 4) _»|∞¡ º._»|∞¡ º.~À™Èì"£ – JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü
105. =∂~ü¯ û Ü≥ÚHõ¯ O.C.C. (Organic Composition of Capital) ''P~åæxH± HÍOá⁄l+¨<£ PÑ¶π HÍÑ≤@Öò—— g\˜ x+¨ÊuÎx
`≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. (Civils, 2002) (3)
C
1) 2) 3) 4)
V +S
106. „HÕk JOâßÅ#∞ [`«KÜ Õ Ú« =Ú. (Civils, 2002) ( a)
Z) Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ ã≤^•úO`«O 1) ~À_®<£
a) JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨Ñ~¡¨ Ú 2) Ç¨Ï~å_£–_À=∞~ü
ã≤) ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 3) Å∂~¸ãπ
_ç) "åÔ~O>ˇ_£ „QÀ`ü ˆ~\ò 4) Öˇ·Éˇ<£ã‘ì<£
1 2 4 3 4 3 1 2 1 3 4 2 4 2 1 3
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107. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« nxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞ (Civils, 2003) (4)
1) n~°H… ÍÅOÖ’ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ =$kú 2) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O r=# „Ñ¨=∂}ÏÅ =$kú
3) "≥Ú`«OÎ [<åÉèÏ‰õΩ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`«
4) *ÏfÜ«∞ P^•Ü«∞=$kú`Àáê@∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
108. ~À™Èì<£ 5 ^ŒâÅ◊ =∞^èºŒ =º`åºãÖ K«∂Ñ≤OK≥#∞. Jq =~°∞ã¨QÍ (Civils, 2004) (4)
Z) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞#fl ^Œâ◊
a) ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ `«‰Ωõ QÆ=∞#O
ã≤) ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏH« qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^Œâ◊
_ç) ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ã¨=∂[O
W) Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ◊
1) Z, a, ã≤, _ç, W 2) a, Z, ã≤, _ç, W 3) _ç, Z, a, ã≤, W 4) _ç, Z, W, a, ã≤
109. „HÕk "åxx [`«KÜ Õ ∞« O_ç. ( _ç )
Z) ã¨|÷ `ú ã« u÷≤ (stationary State) 1) _»|∞¡ º. Z. Å∂~¸ãπ
a) JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨Ñ~¡¨ Ú 2) l.q∞~åúÖò
ã≤) Knife - edge equilibrium 3) Ç¨~å_£ – _À=∞~ü
_ç) Theory of cumulative causation 4) Z. ã≤‡`ü
2 1 3 4 4 3 1 2 2 3 1 4 4 1 3 2
110. #~ü¯û Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ g\˜ =∞^èºŒ JO`«óãÖ|O^èOŒ LO@∞O^Œx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. (1)
1) L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞O 2) P^•Ü«∞O =∞iÜ«Ú [<åÉèÏ
3) „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú JkèHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ=Ú 4) q∞QÆ∞Å∞ „â◊=∞ =∞iÜ«Ú „Ñ¨`åº#fl x~°∞^Àºy`«
P^è∞Œ xHõ Pi÷Hõ =$kú :

Modern Economic Growth „QÆO^äŒ ~°K~« Ú`« – Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû
Wk Jaè=$kÌ K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#k.
Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû P^è∞Œ xHõ Pi÷Hõ =$kúH˜ 6 ÅHõ<Δ åÅ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<≥#∞.
gxÖ’ 2 Ñï=∂}Ï`«‡Hõ JOâßÅ∞, 2 =º=™ê÷ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok#q. 2 JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ qã¨~Î } ° JOâßÅ‰õΩ
K≥Ok#q.
1. JkèHõ `«Åãï L`«ÊuÎ =$kú̂~@∞ =∞iÜ«Ú JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ ~ˆ @∞
2. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
3. Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ x~å‡}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
4. Ñ¨@ì}©Hõ~°}
5. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ ÉÏÇ¨Ïº qãÎ̈~} ° ( The outward Expansion of Developed countries.)
6. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞OQÍ =º‰õΩÅÎ ∞, =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ∞, =¸Å^è#Œ HõêŒ HõÅ∞.
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Ü«¸x=iû\© áê`« Ñ„ â¨ ßflÑ¨`„ åÅÖ’x Ñ„ â¨ fl◊ Å∞ – ã¨=∂^è•<åÅ∞
111. Pi÷Hõ =$kú J#∞ ÉèÏ=#. ( )
1. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J#∞ ÉèÏ=#`À ã¨=∂#"≥∞#ÿ k 2. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J#∞ ÉèÏ=#HõO>Ë ãÖ‰õΩz`«"∞≥ #ÿ k
3. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J#∞ ÉèÏ=#HõO>Ë qâßÅ"≥∞#ÿ k 4. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J#∞ ÉèÏ=#‰õΩ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖËxk
112. ''¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∞O—— J#∞ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ z# Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. ÉˇO[q∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£ 2. ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û 3. _»|∞¡ º. P~°~ú ü Å∂~Úãπ 4. *ˇ.ZO.H©<û£
113. „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œx Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Pi÷Hõ ÅHõ} Δ =Ú Uk? ( )
1. *Ï˝#Ç‘Ï#`« 2. x~°H~Δõ åã¨º`« 3. `«‰Ωõ ¯= ¢ãÅÎ‘ ™ê=∂lHõ™ê÷~Ú 4. `«‰Ωõ ¯= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
114. „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ ^Õxx Pi÷Hõ =$kúH˜ x["≥∞#ÿ ã¨∂zHõQÍ ÑïQÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ? ( )
1. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ^è~Œ Å° Ö’x *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 2. ã≤~÷ "° ∞≥ #ÿ ^è~Œ Å° Ö’x *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
3. "åãÎ̈= `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OÖ’x x~°O`«~° ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 4. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ^è~Œ Å° Ö’x `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
115. PQLI J#∞#k ^ÕxH˜ ã¨=∂#O. ( )
1. Ñ¶l≤ HõÖò HÍfie\© PÑ¶π ÖˇÑ· π¶ WO_≥Hû± 2. Ñ¶l≤ HõÖò HÍfiO\˜\ © PÑ¶π ÖˇÑ· π¶ WO_≥Hû±
3. Ñ¶l≤ HõÖò HÍfie\© PÑ¶π e@~°ã‘ WO_≥Hû± 4. Ñ¶l≤ HõÖò HÍfiO\˜\ © PÑ¶π e@~°ã‘ WO_≥Hû±
116. ''=∂#= Jaè=$kú x"ÕkHõ——#∞ `«Ü∂« ~°∞ KÕÜÚ« #k. ( )
1. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«ÉÏºO‰õΩ 2. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ i[~°∞fi ÉÏºO‰õΩ 3. Ü«Ú.Ü«∞<£._ç.Ñ≤. 4. _»|∂¡ º.\˜.F.
117. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«=Ú#∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ # Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. Ü«Ú.ÔH.Ç≤ÏH±û 2. *ˇ.Ü«∞O.H©<û£ 3. ~åQÆfl~ü #~ü¯û 4. Z.F.Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£
118. Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’x J<ÕHõ ~°HÍÅ HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ UHõ HÍÅ=∞O^Œ∞ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ_®xfl WÖÏ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. aQ∑–Ñ¨Ù+π ã≤^•úO`«O 2. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O
3. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O 4. L^ÀºQÆ HõÅÊ# ÖËx =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O
119. ''=∞^èºŒ O`«~° ™êOˆHuHõ L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨ûúŒ ——x „ÑüáêkOz# Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. ã≤.Ü«∞<£.=H©Öò 2. W.Ü«∞Ñ¶.π +¨Ø=∂K«~ü 3. Ñ≤.P~ü.„|Ç¨‡#O^Œ 4. Ñ≤.ã≤.=∞Ç¨ÏÅ<Àaãπ
120. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú`Àáê@∞ =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆOÖ’x „âßq∞Hõ â◊HÎ̃ âß`«O. ( )
1. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok 2. `«Q∞Æ `æ ∞« Ok 3. ã≤~÷ O° QÍ LO@∞Ok 4. JxtÛ`« suÖ’ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok
121. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ 1999–2000 ãÖ=`«û~°O <å\˜H˜ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ ~ˆ Y „HÕ^Œ L#fl [<åÉèÏ âß`«O ZO`«?(2003)( )
1. 26% (26 crores) 2. 36% 3. 51% 4. 55%
111.(2) 112.(2) 113.(4) 114.(3) 115.(1) 116.(3) 117.(4) 118.(2)

119.(2) 120.(2) 121.(1)
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122. 'J^Œ$â◊º Ç¨ÏãÎ̈O— Ñ¨^•xfl "å_ç#"å~°∞. ( )
1. =∂ÅÌãπ 2. J=∂~°ºÎ ¿ã<£ 3. WOk~åQÍOnè 4. P_»Oã≤‡`ü
123. =∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ D =¸_çO\˜ÃÑ· =ÙO_»∞#∞. ( )
1. PÜ«Úó„Ñ¨=∂}O, JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«, á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù 2. P^•Ü«∞O, á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù, rq`«O
3. PÜ«Úó„Ñ¨=∂}O, JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«, P^•Ü«∞O 4. JHõ~Δ åã¨º`«, P^•Ü«∞O, qxÜ≥∂QÆO
124. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J#QÍ. ( )
1. Pi÷Hõ =$kú 2. „Ñ¨[Å PÖ’K«#Ö’ =∂~°∞Ê
3. [<åÉèÏ =$kú 4. =$kú`Àáê@∞ x~å‡}Ï`«‡Hõ"∞≥ #ÿ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
125. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^Õâ◊ ™ê=∂#º ÅHõ} Δ =Ú. ( )
1. Z‰õΩ¯= =¸Å^è#Œ – „âßq∞Hõ x+¨ÊuÎ 2. Z‰õΩ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù
3. „âßq∞Hõ H˘~°`« 4. Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`«=Î Ú „âßq∞‰õΩÅ ÅÉèºí =Ú
126. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O XHõ ^Õâ◊ ...........H˜ ã¨∂K«HOõ . ( )
1. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç#`«#=Ú 2. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú 3. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl [<åÉèÏ 4. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl ^è~Œ Å° ∞
127. #~ü¯û „Ñ¨HÍ~°=Ú ^•i„^Œº q+¨=ÅÜ«∞=Ú#∞ `˘ÅyOK«=K«∞Û. ( )
1. kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞ 2. =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #=Ú 3. ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞ 4. qxÜ≥∂QÆ=Ú
128. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}.© ( )
1. ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© 2. Jã¨=∂# – P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}©
3. P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© ÖË^∞Œ 4. P^•Ü«∞ ÑÖÑ≤}© Z‰õΩ¯=
129. ^•i„^ŒºO nxH˜ ã¨∂K«H=õ Ú. ( )
1. Pi÷Hõ Jaè=$kú 2. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç#`«#=Ú 3. áêi„âßq∞Hõ Jaè=$kú 4. „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«
130. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâO◊ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ™ê=∂#º ÅHõ} Δ =Ú. ( )
1. =º=™êÜ«∞ „áê^è•#º`« 2. „âßq∞Hõ H˘~°`« 3. Z‰õΩ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù~ˆ @∞ 4. =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖ=$kú
131. Jaè=$kú x~À^èHŒ =õ Ú. ( )
1. =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú H˘~°`« 2. `«‰Ωõ ¯= <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }º=Ú QÆÅ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞
3. =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú ã¨=∞$kú 4.Z‰õΩ¯= <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }º=Ú QÆÅ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞
132. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O K≥ÑÊ≤ # =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. Å∂~Úãπ =∞iÜ«Ú P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 2. =H©Öò =∞iÜ«Ú „|Ç¨‡#O^Œ
3. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü =∞iÜ«Ú =∂~°∞¯û 4. ã≤OQÆ~ü =∞iÜ«Ú Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£
122.(4) 123.(3) 124.(4) 125.(4) 126.(2) 127.(2) 128.(2) 129.(2)

130.(1) 131.(1) 132.(4)
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133 W<£"O≥ @sãπ J#QÍ. ( )
1.Hõ~å‡QÍ~° x~å‡} „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ =ÙO_Õ =ã¨∞=Î Ù 2. Hõ~å‡QÍ~° x~å‡} J„Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ =ÙO_Õ =ã¨∞=Î Ù
3. Hõ~å‡QÍ~° J„Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ ¿ã=Å∞ 4. Hõ~å‡QÍ~°OÖ’ ¿ã=Å∞ ÖË‰Ωõ O_®
134. Pi÷H=õ $kú =∞iÜ«Ú Jaè=$kú ~Ô O_»∂. ( )
1. ã¨=∂#=Ú 2. "Õ~ˆ fi~°∞ 3. J#∞áê`«=Ú 4. qÖ’=∞=Ú
135. JÖÏÊaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Hõ#Ñ¨_Õ ÅHõ} Δ O. ( )
1. =¸Å^è#Œ O JkèHOõ QÍ LO_»_O» 2. <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ºOQÆÅ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ JkèHOõ QÍ LO_»_O»
3. „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆOÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ _» O» 4. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»_O»
136. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ #=HõÅÊ#Å áê„`«#∞ <˘H˜¯ K≥ÑÊ≤ #"å~°∞. ( )
1. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 2. =∂~°¬Öò 3. iHÍ~À¤ 4. =∂Å÷ãπ
137. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ Pi÷Hˆ `«~° HÍ~°HÍÅÖ’ Wk XHõ\ ˜. ( )
1. ™êOˆHuHÍaè=$kú 2. x~°fiÇ¨Ï} `≥eq`Õ@Å∞
3. L^Œº=∞^•~°∞x `≥eq`Õ@Å∞ 4. ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞
138. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨xfl „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 2. #~ü¯¿ã 3. Å∂~Úãπ 4. q∞~å¤Öò
139. JÖÏÊaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ@ì_®xH˜ QÆÅ L`«∞ûHõ`« Ñïq∞`«OQÍ LO_»_®xH˜ QÆÅHÍ~°}=Ú. ( )
1. [<åÉèÏ Ñï=∂}O `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»_O» 2. „âßq∞‰õΩÅ ãÖYº `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»_O»
3. =∂Ô~¯@¡ Ñïkè `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»_O» 4. ^Õâ◊ "≥â· ßÅºO `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»_O»
140. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅÖ’ „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆO D ~°OQÆOÖ’ JkèHOõ QÍ HõÅ^Œ∞. ( )
1. Ñï„â◊=∞ 2. =º=™êÜ«∞O 3. ¿ã"å~°OQÆO 4. q^Õj~°OQÆO
141. =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ# J#QÍ. ( )
1. „Ñ¨[Å ãÖYº#∞ ÃÑOK«∞ q^è•#O 2. [<åÉèÏ ãÖYº#∞ ÃÑOK«∞ q^è•#O
3. Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ =$kú q^è•#=Ú 4. „Ñ¨[Å <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ÏºÅ#∞ ÃÑOK«∞ q^è•#O
142. ~À™Èì"£ nxx q=iOK≥#∞. ( )
1. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 2. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 3. q+¨=ÅÜ«∞O 4. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ∞
143. ÉèÏ~°`^« ÕâO◊ Ö’ „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÅÖ’Z‰õΩ¯==∞Ok nxH˜ QÆ∞~°=Ù`å~°∞. ( )
1. |Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ x~°∞^ÀºQÆO 2. K«^∞Œ =Ù‰õΩ#fl"åiÖ’ x~°∞^ÀºQÆO 3. „Ñ≤H#Δõ Öò x~°∞^ÀºQÆO 4. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆO
144. 1998 ãÖ=`«û~°O Pi÷Hâõ ßGOÖ’ <ÀÉˇÖò |Ç¨ï=∞u „QÆÇÏ‘ `«. ( )
1. eÜ«∂O\˜Ñπ 2. J=∞~°ºÎ ¿ã<£ 3. ÉˇH~õ ü 4. q∞~åÌÖò
133.(1) 134.(2) 135.(3) 136.(1) 137.(4) 138.(2) 139.(3) 140.(2)

141.(4) 142.(4) 143.(4) 144.(2)
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145. 'U+≤Ü∞« <£ „_®=∂— J<Õ „QÆO^äŒ ~°K~« Ú`«. ( )
1. Å‰õΩO˚ |~üæ 2. =∂~°¬Öò 3. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û 4. q∞~åÌÖò
146. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1.Ç¨~å_£ 2. _À=∞~ü 3. HÍÅ¤~ü 4. *’<£~åa<£ã<¨ £
147. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ D ã≤^•úO`åxfl ã¨"åÅ∞ KÕâß_»∞. ( )
1. aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π 2. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú 3. Hõhã¨ Hõ$+≤ 4. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú
148. =¸_»= „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ^ÕâßÅ∞ J#QÍ... ( )
1. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2. ™ê=∞º"å^Œ ^ÕâßÅ∞ 3. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
149. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú [iy#Ñ¨C_»∞ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû „Ñ¨HÍ~°O *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’... ( )
1. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆÑÙ¨ ÉèÏQÆO ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ 2. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆÑÙ¨ ÉèÏQÆO xÅHõ_Q» Í LO_»∞#∞
3. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆÑÙ¨ ÉèÏQÆO "≥Ú^Œ@ `«y,æ `«~∞° "å`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ 4. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆÑÙ¨ ÉèÏQÆO `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞
150. Pi÷Hõ =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. Å∂~Úãπ 2. #~ü¯¿ã 3. q∞~°Ö¤ ò 4. ~À™Èì"£
151. JÑïq∞`« „â◊=∞ ã¨~Ñ° ~¨¶ å ã≤^•úO`åxfl„ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. ÉˇO[q∞<£ Ç≤Ïyæ<û£ 2. "Õ∞Ü«∞~ü 3. =∞<£"∂≥ Ç¨Ï<£ãO≤ Q∑ 4. Å∂~Úãπ
152. #=HõÅÊ# ã≤^•úO`åxfl „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 2. =∂~°¬Öò 3. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 4. Ç¨Ï~üû=∞<£
153. =∂#= xi‡`« =¸Å^è#Œ =ÚÖ’ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç J#QÍ. ( )
1. P~ÀQÆºO =∞iÜ«Ú q^Œº 2. P~ÀQÆºO 3. q^Œº 4. ~À_»Ã¡ Ñ#·
154. „Ñ¨KÛ« ù#fl x~°∞^Àºy`« JO>Ë. ( )
1. „â◊=∞ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ã¨∞#fl JQÆ∞@ 2. „â◊=∞ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ã¨∞#fl JQÆ∞@
3. JkèHõ „â◊=∞ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 4. JÅÊ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ „â◊=∞ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ «
155. Hõhã¨ J=ã¨~åÅ Ñ¨^HŒä Oõ D HÍÅOÖ’ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ@ì|_ç#k. ( )
1. <åÅæ= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 2. S^Œ= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 3. P~°= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 4. U_»= „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
156. P^è∞Œ xHõ ~°OQÆO Ñ¨Ù~å`«# ~°OQÆO HõÅã≤ LO_»∞@#∞... ( )
1. Pi÷Hõ ã¨fi`«O„`«`‰« Ωõ zÇ¨ÏflO 2. ¢ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ~°OQÆO „áê=ÚYº`«#∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞
3. Pi÷Hõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
145.(4) 146.(1) 147.(2) 148.(3) 149.(4) 150.(4) 151.(4) 152.(3)

153.(1) 154.(1) 155.(2) 156.(3)
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157. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç J#QÍ. ( )
1. `«áêÅ PÑ¶ã‘ ∞¨ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ãïÑì HÔ≤¶ @∞¡ 2. ÉÏºO‰õΩÖ’ QÆÅ HÍÅÑïq∞u _çáêl@∞¡
3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. Éè∫uHõ L`åÊ^ŒHõ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ qÅ∞= ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
158. XHõ JQÀK«~° Ç¨ÏãÎ̈O Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ #_çÑã≤ ∞¨ OÎ ^Œx ÉèÏqOz# Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 2. =∂~°¬Öò 3. H©<û£ 4. ~åa<£û
159. 'Das Capital' Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ~°K~« Ú`«. ( )
1. ~À_®ãπ 2. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 3. <≥Åû<£ 4. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û
160. ''i[~üfi ¿ã#—— J<Õ „â◊=∞ ÉèÏ=#`À ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú#fl Pi÷Hõ âßG"Õ`.Î« ( )
1. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 2. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û 3. iHÍ~À¤ 4. H©<û£
161. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ~ˆ @∞#∞ x~°~‚ ÚOK«∞@Ö’™êOˆHuHõ „Ñ¨QuÆ „Ñ¨=ÚYáê„`« =Ç≤Ïã¨∞OÎ ^Œx ÉèÏqOz#"å_»∞. ( )
1. H©<û£ 2. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 3. <≥Åû<£ 4. H˜fi*ò<Õ
162. L`åÊ^ŒHõ L`«ÊuÎ =∂„uHõ`À ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú#fl Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. eÜ≥∂O\˜Ñπ¶ 2. ~À_®<£ 3. <≥Åû<£ 4. H˜fi*ò<Õ
163. ''„Ñ¨KÛ« #ù flx~°∞^Àºy`«—— J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃# Pi÷H"õ `Õ .Î« ( )
1. ÉÏ~°ƒ~å T@<£ 2. q∞Ãããπ *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £
3. ^ä•=∞ãπ <≥Åû<£ 4. *Ï<£ g∞<å~üH¤ <© û£
164. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü«∞Ö’L#fl _çãπHõO\˜#∞º\©Å∞ |Ç≤Ï~°æ`« P^•Å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „áê^è•#º`«#∞ ã≤^•úO`«s`åº
„ÑüáêkOz#"å_»∞. ( )
1. <≥Åû<£ 2. ~À_®<£ 3. =∂~ü¯û 4. eÜ≥∂O\©Ñπ
165. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú XHõ ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ KÕi# `«~åfi`«. ( )
1. =º=™ê÷`‡« Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« ÃÑiy L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok
2. =º=™ê÷`‡« Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ã≤~÷ O° QÍ =ÙO_ç L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« `«Q∞Æ `æ ∞« Ok
3. =º=™ê÷`‡« Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« `«y,æ L`«ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok
4. Ñï=∂}Ï`«‡Hõ =∞iÜ«Ú QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« ÃÇÏK«∞Û`«∞Ok
166. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ .« ( )
1. â◊¥#º=Ú 2. XHõ\ ˜ 3. J#O`«=Ú 4. XHõ\ ˜ Hõ<åfl Z‰õΩ¯=
167. ^ŒfiO^Œfi Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\Ïì_∞» . ( )
1. H©<û£ 2. É’ˆH 3. Ç¨~ˆ fi 4. Å∂~Úãπ
157.(4) 158.(1) 159.(4) 160.(2) 161.(2) 162.(1) 163.(2) 164.(2)

165.(3) 166.(1) 167.(2)
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168. =∞#∞+¨º ãÖÑ¨^#Œ ∞ Jaè=$kú KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩQÍ#∞ PÜ«Úó„Ñ¨=∂} =$kú JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« =$kú, „âßq∞Hõ QÆ=∞#jÅ`«
=$kú =Ú#flQÆ∞ J~Ú^Œ∞ =∂~åæÅ#∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ #"å_»∞. ( )
1. +¨μÖò˚ 2. ~ˆ =∂O_£ 3. "ÀÖÏæ 4. HÔ ~· <ü ã≥ π
169. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’HõhãÖ 10% á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙKÕã≤ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å"≥Ñ· Ù¨ =∞o§OK«Háõ È`Õ Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ#◊ ∞ KÕ~∞° HÀ=_»O J™ê^èºŒ O
J#fl"å~°∞. ( )
1. Å∂~Úãπ 2. ~À™Èì"£ 3. ~åa<£û 4. á¶ê<£HÔ Öò
170. #=HõÅÊ#Å =Å# Pi÷HÍaè=$kú ™ê^èºŒ =∞x K≥ÑÊ≤ #"å_»∞. ( )
1. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 2. Å∂~Úãπ 3. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 4. yÖò|~üì
171. P^è∞Œ xHõ HÍÅOÖ’ L`åÊ^ŒHõ L`«ÊuÎ =∂„uHõ#∞ `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕã≤ <ÀÉˇÖò |Ç¨ï=∞ux á⁄Ok#"å_»∞. ( )
1. HÔ fi¿ãfl 2. ~åa<£û 3. QÍÖò¢É`·ˇ ü 4. eÜ≥∂O\˜Ñπ
172. „Hõ=∞ =$kú J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#"å_»∞. ( )
1. =∂^è∞Œ ~ü 2. q.ÔH.P~ü.q.~å=Ù 3. K≥ÅÜ¡ ∞« º 4. =∞`«Ü Î ∞« º
173. 'JÑïq∞`« „â◊=∞ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü — J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#"å_»∞. ( )
1. Å∂~Úãπ 2. ~À_®<£ 3. q∞Öò 4. =∂Å÷ãπ
174. Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ r=<å^è•~° ~°OQÆO, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°¡ ~°OQÆO Jx =sæHiõ Oz#"å_»∞. ( )
1.J~°~÷ ü ã≤‡fãπ 2. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 3. _Õq_£ iHÍ~À¤ 4. P~°~÷ ü Å∂~Úãπ
175. Å∂~Úãπ L^ÕâÌ º◊ OÖ’ =¸Å^è#Œ x~å‡}O nxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok. ( )
1. „âßq∞‰õΩÅ "Õ`<« åÖ’¡ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ 2. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°¡ q∞QÆ∞Å∞
3. =_ô¤ "åºáê~°∞Å∞ WKÕÛ |∞∞}ÏÅ∞ 4. Ö’@∞ „^Œ=º q^è•#O
176. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ _çãHπ Oõ \˜#∞º\©Å#∞ QÆ∞iOz K≥ÑÊ≤ #"å_»∞. ( )
1. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ 2. H©<û£ 3. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 4. Ç¨Ï~å_£
177. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« #∞ q=iOK«∞@Ö’ 'JqÉèÏ*ÏºÅ∞— J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#"å_»∞. ( )
1. P~°~÷ ü Å∂~Úãπ 2. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£ 3. Ç¨~å_£ 4. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü
178. ''ÅOÑ‘<ã≥ π PÑ¶π HÍÑ≤@Öò—— J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxH˜ "å_ç#"å_»∞. ( )
1. ~Àâ◊Û~ü 2. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û 3. ã≤‡`ü 4. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£
179. =ÚO^Œ∞ J#∞|O^è•Å∞, "≥#∞Hõ J#∞|O^è•Å∞ J<Õ ÉèÏ=#Å#∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\˜#ì "å_»∞. ( )
1. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 2. ~°QÍfl~ü „Ñ¶K≤ ü 3. =∂^è∞Œ ~ü 4. ™ÈÖ’
180. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Å÷ Ö’ =~°æ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ ~°¬} "å\˜ Ñ¨`<« åxH˜ ^•ifã¨∞OÎ k. ( )
1. #~ü¯û 2. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 3. HÍ~°Öò =∂~ü¯û 4. ~À_®<£
168.(1) 169.(2) 170.(1) 171.(4) 172.(1) 173.(1) 174.(4) 175.(2)

176.(1) 177.(2) 178.(4) 179.(1) 180.(3)
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181. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =~°æ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ ~°¬}‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù<åkQÍ q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`åxfl q=iOz#"å_»∞. ( )
1. =∂~ü¯û 2. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å÷Öò 3. QÍÖò¢É`·ˇ ü 4. H©<û£
182. ™È+ë*ÏxH˜ =¸Å„QÆO^äOŒ QÍ ÑïQÆ}O˜ K«|_Õk. ( )
1. A Treatiseon money 2. Das Capital 3. Value and Growth 4. Wealth of Nations
183. P~åæxH± HÍOáÈl+¨<£ PÑ¶π HÍÑ≤@Öò J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ =$kú ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ "å_ç#"å_»∞. ( )
1. #~ü¯û 2. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 3. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û 4. ã≤¯\’ qã‘¯
184. ™êOˆHuHõ *Ï˝# „Ñ¨QuÆ =Å# U~°Ê_Õ x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ áêi„âßq∞Hõ i[~üfi¿ã# Jx Ñ≤ez#"å_»∞. ( )
1. =∂~ü¯û 2. ã≤‡`ü 3. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 4. HÍÖÏÌ~ü
185. L^Œº=∞^•~°∞_»∞ =$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ „Ñ¨^•è #áê„`« =Ç≤Ï™êÎ_x» K≥ÑÊ≤ #"å_»∞. ( )
1. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü 2. iHÍ~À¤ 3. =∂~°¬Öò 4. ã≤‡`ü
186. ÉÏºH±"å+π ZÃÑH¶ ì± û =∞iÜ«Ú „ÃãÊ_£ ZÃÑH¶ ì± û J<Õ ÉèÏ=#Å#∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#"å_»∞. ( )
1. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å÷Öò 2. P~°~÷ ü ã≤‡fãπ 3. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£ 4. #~ü̂Hû
187. XHõ „áêO`«OÖ’ Pi÷Hõ qãÎ̈~} ° H˘#™êˆQ@Ñ¨C_»∞ Jk W`«~° „áêO`åÅ qãÎ̈~} ° ‰õΩ `À_»Ê_ç`Õ Jk nx „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O.
1. ™êOÑ¶∞≤ Hõ =º=™ê÷ =¸Å^è#Œ O 2. aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ( )
3. ÉÏºH± "å+π ZÃÑ‰¶ Ωõ ì û 4. ¢ÃãÊ_£ ZÃÑ‰¶ Ωõ ì û
188. ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # [`«HÍxk ( )
Z a
1. #=HõÅÊ# Z. +¨μO+‘@~ü
2. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ a. ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯ û
3. áêi„âßq∞Hõ i[~°∞fi¿ã# ã≤. HÍ~°Öò =∂~ü¯ û
4. JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨Ñ~¡¨ Ú _ç. J~°~÷ ü Å∂~Úãπ
5. „ÃãÊ_£ ZÃÑH¶ ì± û W. ~À™Èì".£
189. ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # [`«HÍxk
Z a
1. q∞QÆ∞Å∞ qÅ∞= ã≤^•úO`«O Z. HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯û
2. =∂Ô~¯\ò ã≤^•úO`«O a. *ˇ.a.¿ã (J.B.Say)
3. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« ã≤. N=∞u *’<£ ~åa<£ã<¨ £
4. [<åÉèÏ q™ÈÊù@#O =Å¡ Pi÷H#õ ~°HOõ _ç. Z_çfi<£HÍ#<£
190. ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # [`«HÍxk. ( )
1. ^•ãπ Hˆ Ñ≤@Öò Z. HÍ~°Öò =∂~ü¯û
2. Pã≤Ü∞« <£ „_®=∂ a. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò
3. "≥ÖòÎ PÑ¶π <Õ+<¨ û£ ã≤. *ˇ.Ü«∞O.H©#∞û
4. Take-off into sustained growth _ç. ~À™Èì"£
5. Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth W. Öˇ·Éˇ<£ã‘ì<£
181.(1) 182.(2) 183.(3) 184.(1) 185.(1) 186.(1) 187.(4) 188.(5)
189.(4) 190.(3)
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á„ êH©ãì ∞¨ Ñ„ â¨ fl◊ Å∞
191. Pi÷Hõ =$kú J<Õ ÉèÏ=# ^ÕxH˜ K≥Ok#k? ( )
1. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2. JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞
3. Ü«¸~ÀÑ≤Ü∞« <£ ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
192. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú J<Õ ÉèÏ=# ^ÕxH˜ K≥Ok#k? ( )
1. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2. JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ 3. Pã≤Ü∞« <£ ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
193. D „HÕk"åxÖ’ qâßÅ"≥∞#ÿ ÉèÏ=# Uk? ( )
1. Pi÷Hõ =$kú 2. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú 3. Pi÷Hõ ÉèÏ=# 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
194. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ã¨∂zHõÅÖ’ Uk Pi÷H=õ $kúx H˘eKÕ H˘Å=∂#O. ( )
1. P~ÀQÆº ™œHõ~º° O 2. JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« 3. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O =$kú ~ˆ @∞4. Ã Ñ=· xfl
195. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ã¨∂zHõÅÖ’ Uq Pi÷HÍaè=$kúx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞. ( )
1. P~ÀQÆº ™œHõ~º° O 2. JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« 3. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 4. Ã Ñ=· xfl
196. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ Uq HõÅã≤ LO_»∞#∞. ( )
1) Ñï=∂}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨∂zHõÅ∞ 2) QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ"∞≥ #ÿ ã¨∂zHõÅ∞ 3) 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4) 1 ÖË^• 2
197. `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy#@∞¡ J~Ú`Õ. ( )
1. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O =$kú~ˆ @∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ 2. [<åÉèÏ =$kú `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞
3. [<åÉèÏ =$kú Z‰õΩ¯= LO_»∞#∞ 4. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2
198. JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ ^ÕxH˜ J#fi~ÚOK«=K«∞Û#∞. ( )
1. ¿ã"å~°OQÆO 2. x~å‡}~°OQÆO 3. â◊H~Î˜ O° QÆO 4. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO
199. ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O J<Õ ÉèÏ=# D ãÖ^Œ~ƒ° Où Ö’ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ k. ( )
1. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ÃÑiy#Ñ¨C_»∞ 2. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O `«y#æ Ñ¨C_»∞
3. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O ã≤~÷ O° QÍ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ 4. *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O Ñ¨Ù#óÑÖÑ≤}© J~Ú#Ñ¨C_»∞
200. [<åÉèÏÖ’ Jxfl =~åæÅ "åiH˜ Pi÷H=õ $kú Ñ¶e¨ `åÅ∞ KÕ~∞° `å~Ú Jx `≥e¿Ñ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O. ( )
1. Trickle up effect 2. Trickle down effect 3. Take-off effect 4. Back wash effect
201. ÉèÏ~°`âÕ O◊ Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒiHÍxfl ^Õx P^è•~°OQÍ x~åú~} ° KÕ™êÎ~∞° . (1)
1. Hˆ ÅsÅÖ’ fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞ 2. WÅ∞¡ 3. |@ìÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
202. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ [<åÉèÏ =$kú~ˆ @∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O. ( )
1. JkèHõ [##ˆ~@∞ 2. `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∞~°}~ˆ @∞ 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
203. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅ#∞ „á⁄II ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û nx ^Œ$ëêì º x~°fizOK≥#∞. ( )
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å H˘~°`« 2. =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`«
3. =∂#= =#~°∞Å H˘~°`« 4. ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#O H˘~°`«
191.(1) 192.(2) 193.(2) 194.(3) 195.(4) 196.(3) 197.(4) 198.(4)

199.(4) 200.(2) 201.(1) 202.(3) 203.(2)
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204. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ ã≤^•úO`«O#∞ Jaè=$kúÑi¨ z#k. ( )
1. ÃÑÖò"¤ ∞≥ <£ 2. *ˇ.W.g∞_£ 3. ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û 4. *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £
205. JÖÏÊaè=$kú ^ÕâßÅ∞ "≥#Hõ|_ç L#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© H˘xfl ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok LO_»∞#∞. Wk D ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ Ñïã≤u÷ x
ã¨$+≤Oì K«∞#∞. ( )
1. Z‰õΩ¯= =$kú 2. ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fi=Ú 3. P^•Ü«∞–ã¨=∂#`« 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
206. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ ¿ã"å~°OQÆO "å\Ï ^ÕxHõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=. ( )
1. 20% 2. 30% 3. 40% 4. 50%
207. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ#∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ ‰õÄ_® Ñ≤Å==K«∞Û#∞. ( )
1. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2. ~Ô O_»= „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«^âÕ ßÅ∞
3. =¸_»= „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4 .<åÅæ= „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«^âÕ ßÅ∞
208. ÃÑÖò=¤ ∞<£ =$kú #=¸<å ^ÕxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#k. ( )
1. USA 2. USSR 3. INDIA 4. CHINA
209. 'Choice of Techniques' Ñ¨Ùã¨HÎ õ ~°K~« Ú`« Z=~°∞? ( )
1. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£ 2. *ˇ.W.g∞_£ 3. ~åQÆfl~ü #~ü¯û 4. *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £
210. q`«Î ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fi=Ú ã≤^•úO`«=Ú#∞ Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ k Z=~°∞? ( )
1. ZO.áê~°~ì ü 2. ÃÇÏKü.q∞O\ò 3. Z.Ü«∞.OMÏ<£ 4. ™ÈÖ’
211. ''™ê=∂lHõ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ —« — ã≤^•úO`«O#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. P~ü.™ÈÖ’ 2. Ç¨Ï~å_£ 3. *ˇ.W.g∞_£ 4. Z.Z"£∞.MÏ<£
212. JÑïq∞`« „âßq∞Hõ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü ã≤^•úO`«O#∞ Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ "å~°∞. ( )
1.Z.ZO.MÏ<£ 2. *ˇ.W.g∞_£ 3. Z.Öˇqãπ 4. P~ü.™ÈÖ’
213. ã¨fi~°Ü‚ Ú« QÆ ã¨=∞`ÒÅº ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`« ÉèÏ=##∞ Jaè=$kúÑi¨ z#"å~°∞. ( )
1. JeÊ<£ \Ï<£¿ã<£ 2. QÆ∞~ˆ ¡ ëê 3. *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £ 4. *ˇ.HÔ .QÆ∞Öò„Éˇ`ü
214. ''ã¨fi~°‚ÜÚ« QÆO—— J<Õ ÉèÏ=##∞ *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £ U J~°O÷ `À LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKå~°∞. ( )
1. ã¨fi~°‚ „Ñ¨=∂}`«Ö’LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKå~°∞ 2. ^ŒfiO^Œfi Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
3. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`«`À ‰õÄ_ç# xÅHõ_» =$kú 4. ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ JkèHõ „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O L#flÑ¨C_»∞
215. ''ã¨fi~°Ü‚ Ú« QÆO——Ö’ ã¨=∞`ÒÅºO#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #k. ( )
1. "åã¨=Î =$kú~ˆ @∞ HõO>Ë JaèÅ+≤Oz# =$kú~ˆ @∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯= LO_»∞@
2. "åãÎ̈= =$kú̂~@∞ HõO>Ë JaèÅ+≤Oz# =$kú̂~@∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞@
3. "åã¨=Î =$kú ~ˆ @∞, JaèÅ+≤Oz# =$kú~ˆ @∞ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»∞@
4. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2
204.(3) 205.(2) 206.(4) 207.(3) 208.(2) 209.(1) 210.(2) 211.(4)

212.(3) 213.(3) 214.(3) 215.(3)
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216. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« `«~K° ∂« U ~°OQÆOÖ’ HõxÑ≤ã∞¨ OÎ k. ( )
1. ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ 2. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO
3. ÉÏºOHÕQ∑ ~°OQÆO 4. qxÜ≥∂QÆ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ ~°OQÆO
217. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« U ™ê÷~Ú =^ŒÌ ãÖÉèqí OK«_O» ™ê^èºŒ =∞=Ù`«∞Ok. ( )
1. "åºáêsHõ~} ° 2. ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å ™ê÷~Ú
3. r=<å^è•~°™ê÷~Ú 4. "å}˜[º ÑÖ@Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ÑÖ_çOK«_O»
218. Éè∂í ™êfi=∞º Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =ÚYºáê„`« áÈ+≤OKÕk. ( )
1. =º=™êÜ«∞O 2. Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ 3. Ñ¨@} ì 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
219. áêi„âßq∞Hõ qÑ¨=¡ O J#∞#k ^Õxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. ( )
1. ~å[H©Ü∞« qÑ¨=¡ O 2. Pi÷Hõ qÑ¨=¡ O 3. ™ê=∂lHõ qÑ¨=¡ O 4. ™êOã¨¯ $uHõ qÑ¨=¡ O
220. áêi„âßq∞Hõ qÑ¨=¡ O ZHõ¯_» „áê~°OÉè"í ∞≥ #ÿ k. ( )
1. „á¶ê<£û 2. „a@<£ 3. [~°‡h 4. J"≥∞iHÍ
221. _»|∞¡ º._»|∞¡ º.~À™Èì"£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O Jaè=$kú „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ ^Œâ◊ Uk? ( )
1. ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O 2. ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ ^Œâ◊
3. Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ 4. ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆO
222. _»|∞¡ º._»|∞¡ º.~å™Èì"£ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O nxÖ’ Uk |kb ^Œâ.◊ ( )
1. ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O 2. Ñ¨=¡ #^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =∞O^Œ∞^Œâ◊ 3. Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
223. ''P^è∞Œ xHõ Pi÷Hõ =$kú——x „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû 2. iK«~™¤ü Èì<£ 3. _»|∞¡ º.eÜ«∂O\˜Ñπ 4. "Õ∞s¯ JeÜ«∂ãπ
224. U Pi÷H"õ `Õ Î« Jaè„áêÜ«∞O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ''ã¨ÇÏ¨ ["≥∞#ÿ —— P@OHÍÅ∞ =Å# [<åÉèÏ =$kú J<Õk `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞. ( )
1. Z.ã≤‡`ü 2. *ˇ.Ü«∞ãπ.q∞Öò 3. _ç.iHÍ~À¤ 4. =∂Å÷ãπ
225. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò U Jaè=$kúÑi¨ z# JOâßÅÃÑ· ^Œ$+≤xì Hˆ O„nHõiOKå~°∞. ( )
1. „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ 2. =¸Å^è#Œ O H˘~°`« 3. [<åÉèÏ ^ÀÑ≤_ô 4. =∂#= =#~°∞Å H˘~°`«
226. ''aQ∑ Ñ¨Ù+π—— =ÓºÇ¨ÏO J#∞#k ^ÕxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ #ç ÉèÏ=#. ( )
1. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 2. ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O
3. |Ç≤Ï~°`æ « P^•Å∞ 4. JO`«~`æ° « Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Å÷ ∞
227. „Ñ¨KÛ« ù#fl x~°∞^Àºy`« nx Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÅHõ} Δ O. ( )
1. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅ∞
3. P~ÚÖò ZQÆ∞=∞u ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
216.(2) 217.(3) 218.(1) 219.(2) 220.(2) 221.(1) 222.(2) 223.(1)

224.(4) 225.(1) 226.(3) 227.(2)
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228. „HÕk"åiÖ’ „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« ÉèÏ=##∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz#k. ( )
1. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû 2. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 3. ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û 4. "Õ∞s¯ JeÜ«∂ãπ
229. „Ñ¨KÛ« #ù fl x~°∞^Àºy`« `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #k. ( )
1. „âßq∞‰õΩx Ü≥ÚHõ¯ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « â◊¥#ºO
2. „âßq∞‰õΩx Ü≥ÚHõ¯ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO
3. „âßq∞‰õΩx Ü≥ÚHõ¯ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõO 4. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 3
230. Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ KÕ~∞° HÀ"åÅO>Ë Hõhã¨ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~ˆ @∞ ZO`« J=ã¨~O° . ( )
1. 5 % 2. 7 % 3. 10% 4. 20 %
231. J"≥∞iHÍ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ JkèHÉõ Ïè QÆO ^Õx #∞O_ç á⁄O^Œ∞`«∞Ok? ( )
1. =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO 2. áêi„âßq∞Hõ~O° QÆO 3. ¿ã"å~°OQÆO 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
232. ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞O U ~°OQÆO #∞O_ç Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ã¨∞OÎ k? ( )
233. J"≥∞iHÍÖ’ U ~°OQÆOÖ’ JkèHõ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ñ¨xKÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl~°∞. ( )
234. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ U ~°OQÆOÖ’ JkèH=õ ∞Ok „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ñ¨xKÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl~°∞. ( )
235. áêi„âßq∞H©H~õ } ° ‰õΩ `«~∞° "å`« U ~°OQÆOÖ’ PkèÑ`¨ º« O HõxÑ≤OK«∞#∞? ( )
236. Hõhã¨ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«flO ã≤^•úO`åxfl `≥eÑ≤#"åÔ~=~°∞? ( )
1. Z.Öˇqãπ 2. Ñ¶.≤ ~Ô xflãπ 3. ÃÇÏKü.Öˇ|<£ã<ì‘ £ 4. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
237. P_»O|~° qxÜ≥∂QÆO J#∞ ÉèÏ=##∞ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\Õì k. ( )
1. =∂~°∞¯û "≥|~ü 2. \˜."≥É<¡ˇ £ 3. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£ 4. HÔ .Z<£.~å*ò
238. P_»O|~° qxÜ≥∂QÆO nxH˜ ^•ifÜ«Ú#∞. ( )
1. ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 2. qxÜ≥∂QÆOÖ’ `«Q∞Æ ^æ ÅŒ 3. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’ `«Q∞Æ ^æ ÅŒ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
239. „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O =Å# ^ÕxÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ãÖÉèqí OK«∞#∞? ( )
1. qxÜ≥∂QÆO 2. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù 3. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 4. P^•Ü«∞O
240. „HÕk"åxÖ’ Uk =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ OÖ’ XHõ ÉèÏQÆO. ( )
1. q^Œº 2. tHõ} Δ á⁄O^Õ L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ 3. P~ÀQÆº ã¨^∞Œ áêÜ«∂Å∞ 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
228.(3) 229.(4) 230.(3) 231.(3) 232.(3) 233.(3) 234.(1) 235.(3)
236.(3) 237.(2) 238.(3) 239.(1) 240.(4)
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241. qã¨~Î }° „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O =Å¡ XHõ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ „áêO`«O Pi÷HOõ QÍ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok`Õ ^•x Ñ¶e¨ `«O. ( )
1. W`«~° „áêO`åÅ Jaè=$kúH˜ ã¨=∞ã¨ºQÍ =∂~°∞#∞ 2. W`«~° „áêO`åÅ Jaè=$kúH˜ ^ÀÇ¨Ï^ŒÑ_¨ ∞» #∞
3. ^ŒfiO^Œfi`åfixfl ã¨$+≤Oì K«∞#∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
242. XHõ „áêO`«O Pi÷HOõ QÍ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok#Ñ¨C_»∞ ^•x ÉÏºH±"å+π Ñ¶e¨ `«OQÍ D q^èOŒ QÍ LO@∞Ok. ( )
1. „Ñü XHõ¯~°∞ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ [#O á⁄O^Œ∞`å~°∞ 2. H˘xfl „áêO`åÅ∞ #+¨áì È`å~Ú
3. XˆH™êi Jxfl „áêO`åÅ∞ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`å~Ú 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
243. ''JÑ¨ÓÜ ¡ ∞« O\ò ™⁄Ãã\· —© — Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈Hõ ~°K~« Ú`« Z=~°∞? ( )
1. *ˇ.ZO.H©<û£ 2. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 3. JÅ∞ƒ<£ \’Ñ¨~¡ ü 4. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû
244. ''JÑ¨ÓÜ ¡ ∞« O\ò ™⁄Ãã\· —© — Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÅHõ} Δ O Uk? ( )
1. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2. =∞^èºŒ P^•Ü«∞=~åæÅ ^ÕâßÅ∞ 3. JkèHõ áêi„âßq∞H©H~õ } ° ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
245. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅ∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞? ( )
1. „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==O`«"∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü 2. „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==O`«"∞≥ #ÿ _ç=∂O_£ 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. 1 ÖË^• 2
246. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâO◊ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ ã¨=∞ã¨º? ( )
1. „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==O`«"∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü 2. „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==O`«"∞≥ #ÿ _ç=∂O_£ 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. 1 ÖË^• 2
247. ''=¸_»= „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«O—— Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈Hõ „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ Î° Z=~°∞? ( )
1. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 2. Jefi<£ \’Ñ¨~¡ ü 3. *ˇ.W.g∞_£ 4. *ˇ.ZO.H©<û£
248. „HÕk"åxÖ’ =$kú =#~°∞ÖËq (P^è•~åÖËq)? ( )
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [=#~°∞Å∞ 2. =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O 3. Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ O 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
249. cÇ¨~ü ~å¢ëêìxH˜ ãïÑ¨_#ç O`«QÍ Wq L<åfl~Ú. ( )
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ 2. =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O 3. Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ O 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
250. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞ÅÖ’Hõeã≤ LO_Õq? ( )
1. Yx*ÏÅ∞ 2. q∞+¨#s 3. <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ºOQÆÅ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
251. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å „áê=ÚYº`«? ( )
1. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok 2. `«Q∞Æ `æ ∞« Ok 3. =∂~°∞Ê LO_»^∞Œ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
252. J"≥∞iHÍÖ’ ~åÑ≤_£ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ HÍ~°}O? ( )
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ 2. Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ O 3. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
241.(2) 242.(2) 243.(2) 244.(3) 245.(1) 246.(2) 247.(2) 248.(4)

249.(1) 250.(1) 251.(2) 252.(3)
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253. `«∂~°∞Ê =∞^èºŒ ^ÕâßÅ∞ JkèHõ P^•Ü«∞O á⁄O^Œ∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. HÍ~°}O? ( )
1. =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O 2. P~ÚÖò xÅfiÅ∞
3. Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ O 4. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « =$kú
254. Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ O J#QÍ. ( )
1. „Ñ¨H$õ u WzÛ# =~°O 2. ^Õ=Ù_çzÛ# =~°O
3. =∂#=Ù_»∞ `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕã#≤ Ñ¨x=Ú@∞¡, ÑïHõ~åÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
255. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =#~°∞Å∞ J#QÍ. ( )
1. „Ñ¨H$õ u ãÖÑ¨^Œ 2. =∂#=Ù_»∞ ã¨$+≤Oì z#k 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. 1 ÖË^• 2
256. =¸Å^è#Œ xÅfiÖ’ Hõeã≤ LO_Õq? ( )
1. q∞+¨#s 2. áêi„âßq∞Hõ ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ 3. =Ú_çÑ^¨ •~°÷ xÅfi 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
257. =¸Å^è#Œ xÅfi `«Q_æÆ ®xfl D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? ( )
1. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 2. =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O 3. `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
258. ã¨∂Å÷ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç – `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ nxH˜ ã¨=∂#O. ( )
1. xHõ~° `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ 2. xHõ~° ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 3. xHõ~° =¸Å^è#Œ xÅfi 4. xHõ~° =¸Å^è#Œ ãÖK«Ü∞« #O
kΔ
k U JOâ◊OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ãÖÉèq
259. XHõ ^Õâ◊ =¸Å^è#Œ xÅfi ÃÑ~°QÍÅO>Ë, „HÕk"åxÖ’ í OKåe? ( )
yl Δyl
1. ã¨∂Å÷ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 2. `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ 3. xHõ~° ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç 4. qxÜ≥∂QÆ=Ú
260. =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #k? ( )
1. 2. 3. 4.
261. D „HÕk =#~°∞ÅÖ’ Éè∫uHõ =¸Å^è#Œ ã¨ÑÜ
¡¨ ∞ü H˜ P^è•~°"∞Õ k? ( )
1. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ~ˆ @∞Ö’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 2. qÅ∞"≥#· =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ∞ ^•z"Õ`« `«yOæ K«∞@
3. |_≥\˚ ò q∞QÆ∞Å∞ 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
262. =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ O D Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ kQÍ Hõ#Ñ¨_∞» K«∞#flk. ( )
1. Ñ¶Ó¨ º_»e[O 2. HÍÑ≤@e[O 3. ™È+ë[O 4. #∂`«# Pi÷H=õ º=ã¨÷
263. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }ºO QÆÅ „âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞ Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Ñ¨xKÕÜÚ« @#∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
1. *Ï˝#=Åã¨ 2. "Õ∞^äÀ=Åã¨ 3. =¸Å^è#Œ =Åã¨ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞ ( )
253.(2) 254.(3) 255.(1) 256.(4) 257.(3) 258.(2) 259.(3) 260.(3)

261.(4) 262.(4) 263.(2)
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264. „HÕ^Œ WzÛ# U =∂~åæÅ ^•fi~å XHõ ^ÕâO◊ =∂#= =¸Å^è#Œ xÅfi#∞ ÃÑOK«∞HÀQÆÅ^Œ∞. ( )
1. q^•º =ã¨`∞« Å∞ HõeÊOK«∞@ 2. P~ÀQÆº=O`«"∞≥ #ÿ q^è•#O
3. L^ÀºQÆ tHõ} Δ x=fi_»O 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
265. =Ú_çã~¨ ∞° ‰õΩÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @∞ HõO>Ë L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =KÕÛ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ^•xx D q^èOŒ QÍ
Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « `«Q∞Æ ^æ ÅŒ 2. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
3. ã≤~÷ ° L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
266. L`«ÊuÎ/ „â◊=∞#∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? ( )
1. „âßq∞‰õΩx LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 2. „âßq∞‰õΩx "≥Ú`«OÎ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ «
3. „âßq∞‰õΩx ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 3. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
267. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ J#∞#k ^ÕxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞? ( )
1. „â◊=∞Ö’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 2. =¸Å^è#Œ OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
3. =Ú_çã~¨ ∞° ‰õΩÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 4. ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝#OÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
268. D „HÕk"åxÖ’ Uk "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ „âıÜ∞« ã¨¯~°OQÍ LO@∞Ok? ( )
1. "åºáê~°O 2. Aid (ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O) 3. |∞∞}ÏÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
269. ''aQ∑–Ñ¨Ù+π—— ã≤^•úO`«O#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. ~åQÆfl~ü #~ü¯û 2. ~å|~üì ™ÈÖ’
3. *ˇ.P~ü.Ç≤ÏH±û 4. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~˘_®<£
270. ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~˘_®<£ `≥eÑ≤# qq^èŒ ~°HÍÅ JqÉèÏ[º`«Å∞ ^ÕxÖ’ Hõeã≤ L<åfl~Ú? ( )
1. L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¶Å¨ OÖ’ JqÉèÏ[º`«Å∞ 2. _ç=∂O_£Ö’ JqÉèÏ[º`«Å∞
3. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ùã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü Ö’ JqÉèÏ[º`«Å∞ 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
271. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨ÏO#∞ ã¨=∞i÷Oz#"å~°∞? ( )
1. HÕ_≥Öò |~°~æ ü 2. P~°~ú ü Öˇqãπ 3. ã≤OQÆ~ü 4. Ç¨Ï~°¬=∞<£
272. JãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨ÏO#∞ ã¨=∞i÷Oz#"å~°∞? ( )
1. ~åQÆfl~ü #~ü¯û 2. ÖˇÉ<ˇ ã£ <ì‘ £ 3. ã≤OQÆ~ü 4. P~°~÷ Öü qˇ ãπ
273. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú =ÓºÇ¨ÏO `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #k. ( )
1. ^ŒfiO^Œfi =$kú 2. qq^èŒ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ =~°∞ã¨ Jaè=$kú (XˆH™êi)
3. ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
264.(4) 265.(2) 266.(3) 267.(4) 268.(1) 269.(4) 270.(4) 271.(2)

272.(3) 273.(2)
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274. KèåÜ«∂ ^è~Œ Å° ∞ (Shadow Price) ÉèÏ=##∞ "≥Ú^Œ@ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞? ( )
1. *ˇ."≥∞~å÷Öò 2. WifiOQ∑ Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü 3. *ˇ.\˜<É£ ~ˇ ~æ° ü 4. ÃÇÏKü.Öˇ"<≥ ã£ <ì‘ £
275. q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ Hõeã≤ LO_Õk? ( )
1. ¢ÃÑ"· @
Õ ∞ ~°OQÆO 2. „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi~°OQÆO 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. 1 ÖË^• 2
276. J"≥∞iHÍ J#∞#k. ( )
1. ™ê=∞º"å^Œ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 2. =¸Å^è#Œ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
3. q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
277. ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨.÷ ( )
1. ™ê=∞º"å^Œ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 2. =¸Å^è#Œ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
3. q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
278. ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ 4= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ Z=i #=¸<å#∞ J#∞ãïOKå~°∞. ( )
1. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 2. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åÌÖò 3. Z.Zãπ.=∞<Õfl Z.~°∞„^Œ 4. Ñ≤.ã≤.=∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ
279. x~°O`«~° „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ#∞ ã¨∂zOz#"å~°∞. ( )
1. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 2. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å¤Öò 3. Ç¨ÏÖò âß=¸ºÖòã<¨ £ 4. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
280. Uã≤Ü∞« <£ „_®=∂ „QÆO^äHŒ ~õ Î° Z=~°∞? ( )
1. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÖò„Éˇ`ü 2. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å¤Öò 3. ~åQÆfl~ü #~ü¯û 4. Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
281. "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`«xK«Û# „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ Uk? ( )
1. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 2. ~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
3. =¸_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ 4. <åÅ∞QÆ= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ
282. 2= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÖ’ J#∞ãïOz# #=¸<å. ( )
1. =∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ #=¸<å 2. Ç¨Ï~°_–£ _À=∞~ü #=¸<å
3. ÑÖ`ü #=¸<å 4. ~å|~ü–ì ™ÈÖ’ #=¸<å
283. q^Õj ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O „HÕ^Œ Ñ≤ZÖò–480x Z=i #∞O_ç fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞? ( )
1. „a@<£ 2. [áê<£ 3. Ü«ÚZãπZ 4. ~°ëêº
284. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ J#∞ ÉèÏ=# ã¨∂zOz#"å~°∞? ( )
1. q.ÔH.P~ü.q.~å"£ 2. ~å*òH$õ +¨‚ 3. [QÆnâò ÉèQí =Æ `ü 4. \˜.Z<£.Nx"åãπ
285. ''Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =$kú ~ˆ @∞—— U =$kú̂~@∞ =^ŒÌ ã≤~÷ O° QÍ LOk? ( )
1. 1% 2. 2.5% 3. 3.5% 4. 5%
274.(3) 275.(3) 276.(2) 277.(3) 278.(3) 279.(2) 280.(2) 281.(2)

282.(1) 283.(3) 284.(2) 285.(3)
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286. Pi÷HÍaè=$kú H˘~°‰Ωõ +¨μOÑ‘@~ü ^ÕxH˜ „áê^è•#º`« WKåÛ_»∞. ( )
1. ~å[H©Ü∞« <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ‰õΩ 2. ãÖÑ¶∞¨ ¿ã=‰õΩÅ‰õΩ 3. Éè∂í ™êfi=ÚÅ‰õΩ 4. #=HõÅÊ#Å∞
287. „HÕk "åxÖ’ ãïQÍ [`«KÜ Õ ∞« |_»xk Uk? ( )
~°K~« Ú`« Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=Ú
1. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû – Uã≤Ü∞« <£ „_®=∂
2. *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £ – Z¿ãû W<£ k käÜ∞« s PÑ¶π ZHõ<åq∞H± „QÀ`ü
3. HÍ~ü¡ =∂~ü¯û – ^•ãπ HÍÑ≤@Öò
4. P~°~ú ü Öˇqãπ – käÜ∞« s PÑ¶π ZHõ<åq∞H± „QÀ`ü
288. =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ 3 : 1QÍ#∞, ™êO=`«ûiHõ [<åÉèÏ =$kú~ˆ @∞ 2.5% QÍ#∞, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ~°Q∞Æ ^ŒÅ 10.5%
LO^Œx „Ñ¨"∞Õ Ü«∞O KÕ¿ãÎ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ZO`«QÍ LO_»∞#∞? ( )
1. 0% 2. 1.0% 3. 3.0% 4. 7.0%
289. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ –ü HÍ¡~¯ü ã≤^•úO`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O „HÕk"åxÖ’ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # „Hõ=∞=Ú. ( )
=#~°∞Å∞ U ~°OQÆO #∞O_ç U ~°OQÆO#‰õΩ `«~e° áÈ=_»O =Å# x~°O`«~° Jaè=$kúH˜ `À_»Ê_»`å~Ú
1. =º=™êÜ«∞O ¿ã=Å∞ áêi„âßq∞Hõ~O° QÆO 2. =º=™êÜ«∞O áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆO ¿ã=Å∞
3. áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆO ¿ã=Å∞ =º=™êÜ«∞O 4. áêi„âßq∞Hõ~O° QÆO =º=™êÜ«∞O ¿ã=Å∞
290. qã¨~Î }° „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O J#QÍ? → ( )
Pi÷HOõ QÍ XHõ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ „áêO`«O Jaè=$kú K≥O^Õ@Ñ¨C_»∞?
1. W`«~° „áêO`åÅ Jaè=$kúÃÑ· J#∞‰õÄÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O#∞ K«∂Ñ¨Ù#∞
2. Jaè=$kú =ºÜ«∂Å∞ W`«~° „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ „áê‰õΩ#∞
3. Jaè=$kú =ºÜ«∂Å∞ ^Õâ=◊ ∞O`å qãÎ̈iOK«∞#∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
291. ÉÏºH±"å+π „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O J#QÍ Pi÷HOõ QÍ XHõ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ „áêO`«O Jaè=$kú K≥Ok#Ñ¨C_»∞? ( )
1. Jxfl „áêO`åÅ∞ "å\˜H"õ Õ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞#∞
2. W`«~° „áêO`åÅ∞ =ÚYºOQÍ "≥#Hõ|_ç# „áêO`åÅ∞ #+¨áì È=Ù#∞
3. U W`«~° „áêO`åÅ∞ #+¨áì È=Ù 4.ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
292. x~À^èHŒ õ â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ K«~º° , „ÑüK«~º° Å∞ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O=Å¡ ¿Ñ^Œ ^Õâßxfl ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ LOKÕ ã≤u÷ x `≥e¿Ñ =~°#‚ nxH˜
K≥Ok#k? ( )
1. JÖÏÊaè=$kú 2. áê`«∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú# ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO
3. ã¨|÷ `ú « 4. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõÑÙ¨ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞
286.(4) 287.(1) 288.(2) 289.(2) 290.(1) 291.(2) 292.(4)
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293. Jaè=$kú „áê~°OÉèí ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`åÜ«∞x `«~∞° "å`« ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ `«Q∞Æ `æ å~Ú J<Õ ÑïHõÅÊ##∞
Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ k Z=~°∞? ( )
1) P~ü. ZÑ¶.π Ç¨Ï~°_£ 2) Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû 3) *ˇ.P~ü.Ç≤ÏH±û 4) \˜._»|∞¡ º.Ñ¶∞¨ Öò˚
294. ^Õx P^è•~°OQÍ ''Éè∫uHõ r=# „Ñ¨=∂} ã¨∂p——x `≥ÅÑ¨=K«∞Û#∞ ? ( )
1) PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« O, tâ◊√ =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú JHõ~Δ åã¨º`å âß`«O
2) Kåe#O`« ''PÇ¨~°O, =∞Ozh~°∞, =ãü =∞iÜ«Ú P~ÀQÆº ¿ã=Å#∞ HõeÊOK«_O» ——
3) áêiâ◊√^Œºú O, q^Œº, ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ H˘Å=∂#OÅ#∞ HõeÊOK«_O» 4) ÃÑ=· hfl
295. eãπì – 1 (ã≤^•úO`«O)x eãπì – 2 (Pi÷H"õ `Õ Î« ¿Ñ~°∞)¡ `À [`«KÜ Õ ∞« O_ç. ( )
1) #=º ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ "å^Œ∞Å Pi÷H=õ $kú ã≤^•úO`«O Z) Öˇa· <£ã<ì‘ £
2) Pi÷HÍaè=$kúH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz ''aQ∑ÑÙ¨ +π ã≤^•úO`«O—— a) *ˇ.ÃÇÏKü.É’ÔH
3) ''Hõhã¨ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«fl=Ú—— ã≤^•úO`«O ã≤) Ç¨Ï~ü¬=∞<£
4) ™ê=∂lHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO _ç) ~À*ˇ<ã£ <ì‘ £ ~À_®<£
W) g∞_£ (Meade)
1) 1–a, 2–ã≤, 3–_ç, 4–W 2) 1–W, 2–_ç, 3–Z, 4–a
3) 1–ã≤, 2–W, 3–a, 4–Z 4) 1–Z, 2–ã≤, 3–W, 4–a
296. Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ J#∞Éè=í O `≥e¿Ñk U=∞O>Ë Jaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« Ö’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ *ÏfÜ«∂^•Ü«∞OÖ’ „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ
~°OQÆO "å\Ï ( )
1) ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ 2) ã≤~÷ O° QÍ LO_»∞#∞
3) `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞ 4) „áê~°OÉèOí Ö’ `«yæ `«~∞° "å`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞
297. Jaè=$kú J~°â÷ ßGOÖ’ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO J#QÍ ( )
1) ^ŒfiO^Œfi ^è~Œ Å° q^è•#=Ú 2) P^è∞Œ xHõ =∞iÜ«Ú ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ~°OQÍÅ∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=#O KÕÜÚ« @
3) „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi =∞iÜ«Ú „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ~°OQÍÅÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
4) áêi„âßq∞Hõ =∞iÜ«Ú áêi„âßq∞ˆH`«~° U*ˇhûÅÖ’ ã¨Ç¨ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
298. =∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ 50= ^ŒâH◊ Oõ =∞^èºŒ Ö’ J=ÅOaèOz# =∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ =ÓºÇ¨ÏO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÅHõΔ ºO, „Ñ¨^•è #OQÍ ... ( )
1) ~°H}Δõ Ñï„â◊=∞‰õΩ ^Œ$_è"» ∞≥ #ÿ P^è•~°O#∞ xi‡OK«_O»
2) =¸Å^è#Œ ™êO„^Œ`#« ∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å#∞ <≥ÅH˘ÅÊ_»O
3) Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
4) ã¨fiÅÊHÍÅOÖ’ x~°∞^Àºy`«#∞ `«yOæ K«_O»
299. D „HÕ^Œ WzÛ# "åxÖ’ U Ñï„â◊=∞ Z‰õΩ¯= =ÚO^Œ∞ J#∞|O^è•Å#∞ Hõey LOk ?
1) QÆ<û£ 2) PÇ¨~°^•è <åºÅ∞ 3) W#∞=Ú–L‰õΩ¯ 4) q∞+¨#s
293.(2) 294.(1) 295.(2) 296.(3) 297.(2) 298.(2) 299.(3)
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300. ~åQÍfl~ü #~ü¯û „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ Ñï=∂}O ^Õxx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞ ? ( )
1) JkèHõ xHΔ̃ÑÎ̈ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ™ê=∞~°º÷ O (larger saving potential)
2) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ™ê=∞~°º÷ O#∞ q_»<å_»_O»
3) `«‰Ωõ ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ™ê=∞~°º÷ O
4) Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ |Ç≤Ï~°`æ « =Åã¨Å∞
301. Ç¨Ï~å_£ – _À=∞~ü #=¸<åÖ’ =$kú (G), ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù x+¨ÊuÎ (S)H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz .... =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ
(K)x, D ã¨g∞Hõ~} ° O ^•fi~å `≥eÜ«∞KÕÜ∞« =K«∞Û. ( )
1) 2) 3) 4)
302. H˘e<£ HÍ¡~¯ü „Ñ¨HÍ~°O Jaè=$kú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ 3= =∞iÜ«Ú z=i ™ê÷~Ú =ÚYº ÅHõ} Δ O Uk ? ( )
1) áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆO 2) ¿ã"å~°OQÆO 3) =º=™êÜ«∞O 4) ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞
303. #~ü¯ û „Ñ¨HÍ~°O "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç Ñïq∞u ^Õxx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞ ? ( )
1) =∂Ô~¯\ò Ñï=∂}O 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç J=HÍâßÅ∞ H˘~°`«
3) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù H˘~°`« 4) „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi q^è•<åÅ∞
304. P^è∞Œ xHõ Pi÷H=õ $kú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ ÅHõ}
Δ O Uk ? ( )
1) Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ x~å‡}Ï`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ 2) Ñ¨@} ì H© ~õ }
°
3) `«Åãï „â◊=∞ L`åÊ^ŒH`Œõ õ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@ 4) ÃÑ=· hfl
305. *ÏfÜ«∞ P^•Ü«∞O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ ^ÕxH˜ ã¨=∂#O ? ( )
KK −K
S1
1) *ÏfÜ«∞ P^•Ü«∞O/[<åÉèÏ =$kú = G 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç x+¨ÊuÎ/=¸Å^è# Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ
SS−K
S1
3) =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ/ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç x+¨ÊuÎ 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
K
306. ã¨=∂[OÖ’ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ~ˆ @∞ 10%, 0
x+¨ÊuÎ 4 J~Ú<å Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ™ê^è•~°} =$kú ~ˆ @∞ ZO`« ?
( )
1) 0.5% 2) 1.5% 3) 2.5% 4) 4%
307. ™êO=`«ûiHõ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 2.5% J~Ú`Õ ^Œâß|Ì [<åÉèÏ =$kú̂~@∞ 10% J~Ú<å, `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞ =$kú
~ˆ @∞ ZO`« ? ( )
1) 1.5% 2) 2.5% 3) 2.5% 4)4%
308. L^Œº=∞ ^•~°∞`«fiO (Entrepreneurship) ^ÕxH˜ J`«ºO`« ^ŒQ~æÆ Q° Í LO@∞Ok ? ( )
1) Hõ#∞HÀ¯=_»O 2) #=HõÅÊ#Å∞ 3) x~åfiÇ¨Ï}Å∞ 4) „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi ÑïáêÅ#Å∞
309. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ∞, Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ`À áÈeÛ K«∂¿ãÎ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl x~°∞^ÀºQÆ ã¨=∞ã¨º ( )
1) Z‰õΩ¯= =∞iÜ«Ú qaè#fl"≥∞#ÿ k 2) `«‰Ωõ ¯=
3) ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO@∞Ok 4) H˘xfl ãÖ^Œ~åƒùÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ#∞, =∞iH˘xfl ãÖ^Œ~åƒùÅÖ’ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok
300.(1) 301.(2) 302.(2) 303.(1) 304.(4) 305.(2) 306.(3) 307.(1)

308.(2) 309.(1)
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310. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅÖ’ „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « HÍÅOÖ’ "ÕQ=Æ O`«"∞≥ #ÿ [<åÉèÏ =$kúH˜ HÍ~°}=Ú ? ( )
1) Z‰õΩ¯= [#<åÅ ~ˆ @∞
2) `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞
3) JkèHõ [#<åÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞
4) H˘xfl ãÖ^Œ~åƒùÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= [#<åÅ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iH˘xfl ãÖ^•~°ƒÅù Ö’ `«‰Ωõ ¯= [#<åÅ ~ˆ @∞
311. P~°~÷ ü Å∂~Úãπ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ Zxfl ~°OQÍÅ∞ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ Pi÷HÍaè=$kú „Ñ¨„H˜Ü∞« #∞ q=iOK≥#∞ ? ( )
1) XHõ\ ˜ 2) ~Ô O_»∞ 3) <åÅ∞QÆ∞ 4) J<ÕHOõ
312. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ∞ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO`Àáê@∞ Hõ#Ñ¨|_Õ W`«~° ™ê^è•~°} ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞ Uq ? ( )
1) =º=™ê~°OQÆOÃÑ· JkèHõ âß`«O [<åÉèÏ P^è•~°Ñ_¨ _» O» 2) ™êOˆHuHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO
3) „âßq∞Hõ =¸Å^è#Œ x+¨ÊuÎ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»_O» 4) ÃÑ=· hfl
313. „âßq∞Hõ q∞QÆ∞Å∞ ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ „Ñ¨"∞Õ Ü«∞O ? ( )
1) `«‰Ωõ ¯= Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= [<åÉèÏ Hõey LO_»_O»
2) `«‰Ωõ ¯= Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅ L`«ÊuÎÖ’ „âßq∞‰õΩx Ü≥ÚHõ¯ áê„`« LO_»^∞Œ
3) `«‰Ωõ ¯= Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ „âßq∞‰õΩx LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « â◊¥#ºO
4) "≥#∞Hõ|_ç ^ÕâßÅÖ’ x~°∞^Àºy`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok
314. XHõ ^ÕâO◊ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù H˘~°`#« ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ¨ÓiOK«=K«∞Û ? ( )
1) J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ `«yOæ K«_O» ^•fi~å 2) ^ÕjÜ«∞ qxÜ≥∂QÆO `«yOæ K«_O»
3) Z‰õΩ¯= q^Õj ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O á⁄O^Œ_O» 4) ÃÑ=· hfl
315. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ JÅÊ Jaè=$kúH˜ „Ñ¨^•è # HÍ~°}O ? ( )
1) =∂Ô~¯\ò z#fl Ñï=∂}O Hõey LO_»∞@ 2) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù H˘~°`«
3) `«‰Ωõ ¯= ™ê÷~Ú ™êOˆHuHõ`« 4) q^Õj PkèHºõ `«
316. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`«=Ú „Ñ¨^•è #OQÍ ^Õxx ÑïQÆ}#Ö’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩx q=∞~°≈ KÕÜ∞« |_çOk ? ( )
1) =∂Ô~¯\ò Ñï=∂}O 2) |Ç≤Ï~°`æ « Ñï=∂}O 3) =#~°∞Å H˘~°`« 4) JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ
317. QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~åúÖò „Ñ¨HÍ~°O "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂`«#Å‰õΩ „Ñ¨^•è # HÍ~°}=Ú ? ( )
1) |ÅÇ‘Ï#"≥∞#ÿ "≥#∞Hõ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú |Å"≥∞#ÿ qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞
2) `«‰Ωõ ¯= "≥#∞Hõ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O =∞iÜ«Ú qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O
3) |Å"≥∞#ÿ "≥#∞Hõ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O =∞iÜ«Ú qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O
4) |Å"≥∞#ÿ "≥#∞Hõ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú |ÅÇ‘Ï#"≥∞#ÿ qãÎ̈~} ° „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ∞
318. Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ Pi÷HÍaè=$kúx |ÅÇ‘Ï#"≥∞#ÿ ÉÏºH±"å+π Ñ¶e¨ `åÅ∞ |Å"≥∞#ÿ qãÎ̈~} ° Ñ¶e¨ `åÅ∞ ÃÑOK«∞@
^•fi~å ™êkèOK«=K«Ûx ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk Z=~°∞ ? ( )
1) Z<£.HÍÅ¤~ü 2) *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £ 3) l.q∞~åúÖò 4) *ˇ.ÃÇÏKü.É’ÔH
310.(3) 311.(2) 312.(4) 313.(3) 314.(4) 315.(1) 316.(3) 317.(4) 318.(3)
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319. XHõ ^ÕâO◊ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =$kú ~ˆ @∞#∞ x~å÷iOK«∞#k ? ( )
1) ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù „Ñ¨=$uÎ 2) ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü , _ç=∂O_£Å JO`«~° K«~º° Å∞
3) `«∞Å<å`«‡Hõ =ºÜ«∞ ã≤^•úO`«O 4) =¸Å^è#Œ HõÅÊ# ~ˆ @∞
320. "≥#∞Hõ|_ç# ^ÕâßÅÖ’ q`«Î ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO ^Õxx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞ ? ( )
1) "å}˜[º ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú =_ô¤ "åºáê~°∞Å∞ 2) Ã+_»∂ºÖò =∞iÜ«Ú Ã+_»∂ºÖò HÍx "å}˜[º ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞
3) ™êìH± ZˆHÛùO*ò =∞iÜ«Ú #∂`«# =∂Ô~¯\òÅ∞ 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
321. ÉÁÔH „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ™ê=∂lHõ ^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fiO ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅÖ’ Uk HõÅã≤ LO_»∞#∞ ? ( )
1) JkèHõ =∞iÜ«Ú `«‰Ωõ ¯= ‰õΩÖÏÅ∞ 2) Éè∂í ™êfi=∂ºÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°∞Å∞
3) kQÆ∞=∞u KÕã∞¨ HÀ|_ç# =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨fi^Õj ™ê=∂lHõÑ^¨ `úŒ ∞« Å∞
4) „QÍg∞} =∞iÜ«Ú Ñ¨@} ì *<åÉèÏ
322. Hõhã¨ J=ã¨~åÅ∞ ã¨=∞ã¨º HÍ‰õΩO_»@, =∞xflHõ QÆÅ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ∞ qxÜ≥∂QÆO ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@ J<Õ ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞ ~À™Èì"£ ^ŒâÅ◊
ã≤^•úO`«OÖ’ D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Hõ#Ñ¨_∞» #∞. ( )
1) ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆO 2) ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ QÆ=∞#O
3) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ 4) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ^Œâ◊
323. Z) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~Ô \Õì Ñ¨Ù J~Ú 10% JkèQqÆ ∞OK«∞@
a) =$kúH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞#ÿ ™êOã¨¯ $uHõ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞ U~°Ê_»∞@
ã≤) H˘xfl Ñ¨Ù~ÀQÍq∞ ~°OQÍÅ∞ "ÕQOÆ QÍ =$kú K≥O^Œ∞@ J<Õq ~À™Èì<£ ^ŒâÅ◊ Ö’ D ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ Hõ#|_»∞#∞ ?
1) ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆO 2) ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ QÆ=∞#O
3) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ◊ 4) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ^Œâ◊
324. ''™ê=∂lHõ LáêO`« L`åÊ^ŒH`õ —« —#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#"å~°∞ ( )
1) *ˇ.~åa#¬<£ 2) P~ü.ZO.™ÈÖ’ 3) Z.ZO.MÏ<£ 4) ~À*ˇã<ì‘ £ ~À_®<£
325. Ç¨Ï~å_£ #=¸<åÖ’ ^Õx QÆ∂iÛ „Ñ¨™êÎ=# ÖË^∞Œ ( )
1) "åãÎ̈qHõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 2) Hõhã¨ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =$kú ~ˆ @∞
3) "åÔ~O>ˇ_£ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 4) ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ =$kú ~ˆ @∞
326. „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ"Õ`ÅÎ« ∞ ™êO=`«ûiHõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞#∞ 2% ™êkèOKåÅx J#∞‰õΩ#flk. =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ 5:1 J~Ú`Õ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ
ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ~ˆ @∞ ZO`« ? ( )
1) 5 2) 2 3) 10 4) 3
327. *ÏfÜ«∞ L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆ "å\Ï J#∞#k ( )
1) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O`À |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞ Hõey LOk
2) `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O`À ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞ Hõey LOk
3) ã¨∂Å÷ *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎ`À ã≤~÷ "° ∞≥ #ÿ ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞ Hõey LOk
4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
319.(4) 320.(1) 321.(3) 322.(1) 323.(3) 324.(3) 325.(2) 326.(3) 327.(1)
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328. "Indian Economic Planning in its Broader setting" J<Õ „QÆO^äŒOÖ’ x~°O`«~° „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÅ#∞ „ÑüáêkOz#
"å~°∞ ? ( )
1) l.q∞~å÷Öò 2) Z.ÔH.¿ã<£
3) Ñ≤.ã≤.=∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ 4) *ˇ.~åa<£ã<¨ £
[`«Ñ~¨ ∞° K«∞=Ú :
329. eãπì – 1 eãπì – 2 ( )
1) „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° <å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z) P~ü.#~ü¯û
2) „áêOfÜ«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ a) *ˇ._»∞ºã¨<É£ „ˇ s
3) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ q+¨=ÅÜ«∂Å∞ ã≤) Z<£.q∞O\’
_ç) l.q∞~åÌÖò
1) 1–a, 2–_ç, 3–Z 2) 1–Z, 2–Z, 3–_ç
3) 1–Z, 2–ã≤, 3–a 4) 1–ã≤, 2–_ç, 3–Z
330. HÍ~ü=¡ ∂~ü¯û `≥eÑ≤# =$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ #∞ =~°∞ã¨ „Hõ=∞OÖ’ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù=Ú. ( )
1) Hõ=¸ºx[O Z) ¿ã*ì ò – 1
2) Hˆ Ñ≤@e[O a) ¿ã*ì ò – 2
3) ÉÏxã¨ ^Œâ◊ ã≤) ¿ã*ì ò – 3
4) Ñ¶Ó¨ º_»e[O _ç) ¿ã*ì ò – 4
1) 1–a, 2–ã≤, 3–Z, 4–_ç 2) 1–Z, 2–ã≤, 3–a, 4–a
3) 1–_ç, 2–ã≤, 3–Z, 4–a 4) 1–ã≤, 2–Z, 3–_ç, 4–a
331. _»|∞¡ º. _»|∞¡ º. ~À™Èì"£ ã≤^•úO`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O D „HÕk ^ŒâÅ◊ #∞ =~°∞ã¨ „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞~°ÛO_ç ? ( )
1) Ñ¨=¡ # ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ^Œâ◊ Z) ¿ã*ì ò – 1
2) ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆO a) ¿ã*ì ò – 2
3) ÑïÑ¨Hfiõ ^Œâ‰◊ Ωõ QÆ=∞#O ã≤) ¿ã*ì ò – 3
4) ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ã¨=∂[O _ç) ¿ã*ì ò – 4
1) 1–ã≤, 2–a, 3–_ç, 4–Z 2) 1–a, 2–_ç, 3–ã≤, 4–Z
3) 1–Z, 2–a, 3–ã≤, 4–Z 4) 1–_ç, 2–a, 3–ã≤, 4–Z
328.(1) 329.(1) 330.(3) 331.(2)
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332. Ãã=· ∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<\≥ òû ã≤^•úO`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O „HÕk Jaè=$kú ^ŒâÅ◊ #∞ =~°∞ã¨ „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞~°ÛO_ç ? ( )
1) =º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO Z) ¿ã*ì ò – 1
2) ¿ã"å~°OQÆO a) ¿ã*ì ò – 2
3) =∂#∞ºá¶êºHõÛiOQ∑ ã≤) ¿ã*ì ò – 3
_ç) ¿ã*ì ò – 4
1) 1–ã≤, 2–a, 3–Z 2) 1–a, 2–a, 3–ã≤
3) 1–ã≤, 2–Z, 3–a 4) 1–Z, 2–ã≤, 3–a
333. eãπì – 1 eãπì – 2 ( )
1) "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ „ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ Z) =∞Ç¨ÏÖò<Àaãπ
2) 2= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ a) Ç¨Ï~å_£ – _À=∞~ü
3) 4= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ ã≤) =∂<Õ =∞iÜ«Ú ~°∞„^Œ
1) 1–_ç, 2–Z, 3–a 2) 1–ã≤, 2–a, 3–_ç
3) 1–a, 2–Z, 3–ã≤ 4) 1–a, 2–a, 3–ã≤
334. eãπì – 1 eãπì – 2 ( )
1) J"≥∞iHÍ Z) q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
2) ~°ëêº a) =¸Å^è#Œ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
3) WO_çÜ∂« ã≤) ™ê=∞º"å^Œ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
1) 1–a, 2–Z, 3–ã≤ 2) 1–ã≤, 2–a, 3–Z
3) 1–a, 2–ã≤, 3–Z 4) 1–Z, 2–ã≤, 3–a
332.(4) 333.(3) 334.(3)
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QÆ}ÏOHõâßGO
Pi÷Hõ QÆ}ÏOHõâßGO
QÆ}ÏOHõ âßGO ™êì@ãπ J<Õ ÖÏ\˜<£ Ñ¨ÔŒ , ™êì\ ã˜ Hì≤ Í J<Õ [~°‡<£ Ñ¨ÔŒ , ™êì\ ™˜ êì J<Õ W\ÏeÜ«∞<£ Ñ¨ÔŒ #∞Oz
=zÛOk. nxH˜ '~å[ºO— Jx J~°O÷ .
ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ (ˆHO„^Œ™ê÷# H˘Å`«Å∞)
^Œ`åÎOâ◊O JO`«\ H˜ ˜ „áêux^èºŒ O =Ç≤ÏOKÕ XˆH XHõ qÅ∞=#∞ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ JO^Œ∞~°∞. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å<Õ Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘Å`«Å∞
JO^Œ∞~°∞.
"≥Ú`«OÎ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl XHõ qÅ∞=Ö’ =i‚OK«∞@, ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl ãïáÈÅ∞Û@ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å =ÚYº ÅHõΔ ºO.
=∞Oz ã¨Q@Æ ∞ ÅHõ}Δ ÏÅ∞ : ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ J~°=÷ ∞"åfie. ã¨Ê+Öì QÍ x~°fizOK«|_®e. Jxfl JOâßÅ‰õΩ „áêux^èºŒ O =Ç≤ÏOKåe.
ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ QÆ}# KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ gÅ∞O_®e. „ÑüK«Ü∞« # ã≤~÷ `° fi« O LO_®e. crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ xÅ|_®e.
ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ ~°HÍÅ∞ : 1) QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ : Z) JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O, a) QÆ∞}=∞^èºŒ =∞O, ã≤) Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O
2) ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ : Z) =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« , a) ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
1) JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O :
~åâ◊√Å "≥Ú`åÎxfl ~åâ◊√Å ãÖYºKÕ ÉèÏy¿ãÎ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O =K«∞Û#∞.
~åâ◊√Å "≥Ú`«OÎ
JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O x∑2 X 2 N +'n0x5.1d1..Xf..Σ.1+Nx2Σ
´---------------- Σ+)1xX (
0=3=i × = + xA ===2 ,1 X=
N ~åâ◊ √Å ã¨
O Yº
2 N + 1N N
5N N N
L^• : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,

=ºH˜QÎ `Æ « „âı}∞Ö’¡ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O qzÛù#fl „âı}∞Å∞ JqzÛù#fl „âı}∞Ö’¡ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
Σfx Σfx
„Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ Ñ¨^Œúu AM = X=
N N
Σdx Σfdx Σfdx
^ŒQÆæ~° Ñ¨^Œúu X = A+ AM = A + X = A+
N N N
Σdx '
™Èáê# qK«Å# Ñ¨ûúŒ X = A+ ×i
N
L=∞‡_ç JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O :

A.M. ÅHõ}
Δ ÏÅ∞ :
1) Jã¨Å∞ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞O_ç fã≤# qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ã¨∞#fl‰õΩ ã¨=∂#=∞QÆ∞#∞.
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2) JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞O_ç fã≤# qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ Hõx+Öì QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
3) „âı}Ö˜ ’ „Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ HõeÑ≤<å, fã≤"ãÕ <≤ å JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∂xH˜ ‰õÄ_® J^Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ HõÅáêe ÖË^•
fã≤"ÕÜ«∂e.
ã¨∞QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞ :
PK«~}
° Ö’ „Ñ¨MÏºuQÍOz# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞, Jxfl JOâßÅÃÑ#· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞. crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ xÅ|_»∞`«∞Ok. L=∞‡_ç
JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∂xfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
Ö’áêÅ∞ :
JO`«º qÅ∞=Å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
q=$`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
qÑ¨s`« J™œ+¨=ì ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú =∞Oz H˘Å=∂#O HÍ^Œ∞.
ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O :
ΣWX
Xw =
ΣW
2. =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú :
qÉèÏ[<åxfl U qÅ∞= ~Ô O_»∞ ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí ã¨∞OÎ ^À J^Õ =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú.
N1 +) QN Q(
=ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^èºŒ QÆ`åxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œf∞c‰õ−Ω ^Œ2`åÎO212âßxfl P~ÀÇ¨Ï} ÖË^• J=~ÀÇ¨Ï}Ï „Hõ=∞OÖ’ „"åÜ«∂e.
1L − 2L × + 12L
=∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞. ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ ^Œ`fåÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ Wk =∞^èºŒ Ö’ LO_»∞#∞.
L^• : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70ÅÖ’ =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« → 40
=ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^èºŒ QÆ`åxfl = JOâ◊=Ú ^•fi~å QÆ}™˜ êÎ=Ú.

^Œ`åÎOâ◊=Ú ãïãÖYºÅÖ’ LO>Ë =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« qÅ∞= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x ãÖYºÅÖ’ LO_»^∞Œ .
JqzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^èºŒ QÆ`åxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ = JOâ◊O ^•fi~å =∞^èºŒ QÆ`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« Å#∞ QÆ∞iÎOz,
=∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« (Median) QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ´ J<Õ ã¨∂„`åxfl "å_»`å~°∞.
=∞^èºŒ QÆ`åxfl, HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=, HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= J<Õ Fl"£ =„Hõ~ˆ YÅ ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® K«∂Ñ¨=K«∞Û.
=∞^èŒºQÆ`«OÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ¨_»¤ ™ê÷#=∂<åÅ∞ :
K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 4 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OK«∞#∞. JO>Ë nxÖ’ 3 K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. <Õ
=∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« JO\Ï~°∞.
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ÑÖKåOâßÅ∞ (Qu) ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 5 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OK≥#∞. JO>Ë 4 ÑÖKåOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú.
JëêìOâßÅ∞ (O) ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 8 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OK«∞#∞. JO>Ë 7 JëêìOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. O <Õ =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« 4
JO\Ï~°∞.
^ŒâßOâßÅ∞ (D) "≥Ú`«OÎ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 10 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. J#QÍ 9 ^ŒâßOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. 5= ^ŒâßOâ◊=Ú
=∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« J=Ù`«∞Ok.
â◊`åOâ◊=Ú (P) "≥Ú`«OÎ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 100 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. J#QÍ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ 99 â◊`åOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú.
P x =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ
50
« JO\Ï~°∞.
„Ñ¨Ü∂≥ [<åÅ∞ :
q=$`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û. ~ˆ MÏ z„`«O ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ =Å¡ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ^Œ∞. QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=K«∞Û.
Ö’áêÅ∞ :
crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. L^• : L=∞‡_ç =∞^èºŒ QÆ`åxfl QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
QÆ}O˜ KÕ@Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ P~ÀÇ¨Ï} ÖË^• J=~ÀÇ¨Ï}Ï „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞~åÛe.
3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú :
ÖÏ"≥∂_£ J<Õ „ÃÑO¶ z Ñ¨ÔŒ #∞O_ç Ñ¨Ù\ì̃Ok. nxH˜ ¿Ñ+¶ <¨ £ Jx J~°=÷ Ú.
0 f − 1f
1L − 2L ( + 1L = Z
nxx "Z"`À ã¨∂)z™êÎ ~∞° . „âı2}f Ö˜ −’ 0Uf −qÅ∞=
1f 2
Ju `«~K° ∞« QÍ =ã¨∞OÎ ^À J^Õ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ .
L^• : 5, 8, 10, 8, 5, 8 ÅÖ’ 8 ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú.
^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ qÅ∞=Å∞ QÆi+Öì QÍ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«O J~Ú`Õ ^•xfl kfiÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ JO\Ï~°∞.
qzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ U K«Å~åtH˜ Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ L#fl áœ#óÑ¨Ù#ºO J`«ºkèHOõ QÍ LO@∞O^À J^Õ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú. JqzÛù#fl
„âı}Ö˜ ’ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ
kfiÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ´ 3 (=∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« ) – 2 (JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O)

ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞, áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º |Ç¨ïÉè∞í l J<Õ ~ˆ MÏz„`åÅ ^•fi~å QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ =Å# „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O HÍ^Œ∞. ~ˆ MÏ z„`«O ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
Ö’áêÅ∞ :
crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ XHõ\ ˜ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ ÚÅ∞ LO_»=K«∞Û.
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JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú – =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú – ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú :
™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O, =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍÅ∞ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»∞#∞.
J™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O, =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»=Ù.
HÍ¡~Ñü Ü
≤ ∞« ~üã<¨ £ g\˜ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl Z = 3 Median – 2 Mean QÍ =ºHõÑÎ i¨ K≥#∞.
4. QÆ∞}=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú :
QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∂xfl, ~Ô O_»∞ JOâßÅ∞ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ Square root ^•fi~å, =¸_»∞ JOâßÅ∞ LO>Ë Cube root ^•fi~å
QÆ}™˜ êÎO.
~Ô O_»∞ JOâßÅ∞ a, b Å∞QÍ ÉèÏq¿ãÎ GM = ab
^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x U XHõ¯ K«Å~åt 'ã¨∞#fl— J~Ú# GM#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«_O» J™ê^èºŒ O.
⎡ Σ log x ⎤
=ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=Ú#‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O GM = Anti log ⎢ N ⎥
⎣ ⎦
âß`åÅ∞, x+¨Ê`«∞ÅÎ ∞ QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞.
crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ xÅ|_»∞#∞. L^• : L=∞‡_ç QÆ∞}=∞^èºŒ =∂xfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
⎤ ⎡
Ö’áêÅ∞ : ⎥ N ⎢
⎥ 1 ⎢ = MH
J~°O÷ KÕã∞¨ H˘#∞@, QÆ}O˜ K«∞@ Hõ+Oì̈ .⎥⎦⎥ x ∑ ⎢⎣⎢
„âı}Ö˜ ’ U qÅ∞= ''0—— J~Ú<å ÖË^• U qÅ∞= J~Ú<å |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõO J~Ú# GM QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
5. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú :
^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x qÅ∞=Å =Ùº„`«¯=∂Å JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xH˜ QÆÅ =Ùº„`«¯=∞"Õ∞ Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú.
2ab
a, bÅ∞ J<Õ ~Ô O_»∞ ~åâ◊√Å∞ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ Ç¨Ï~°=∞^èºŒ =∞O ´ a + b
=ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº QÆ}#
AM, GM Å∞ =Öˇ Jxfl JOâßÅÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞.
HÍÅ=Ú, ~ˆ @∞¡ QÆ}O˜ KÕ@Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞.
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Ö’áêÅ∞ :
1. J~°O÷ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_»O, QÆ}O˜ K«_O» Hõ+Oì̈ . z#fl qÅ∞=Å‰õΩ JkèHõ „áê^è•#º`« WK«∞Û#∞.
2. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ, |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ qÅ∞=Å∞ ~Ô O_»∂ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ ÖË^• 1 JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= qÅ∞=Å∞ ''0—— L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú :
1. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x K«~~° åâ◊√Å∞ "Õ~∞° , "Õ~∞° QÍ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ AM, GM, HM qÅ∞=Å∞ ‰õÄ_® "Õ~∞° "Õ~∞° QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
2. JO>Ë HM HõO>Ë GM Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞. GM HõO>Ë AM Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
3. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x K«Å~åâ◊√Åxfl ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO>Ë AM, GM, HMÅ∞ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»∞#∞.
qãÎ̈~}
° =∂<åÅ∞
qãÎ̈~} ° =∂<åÅ#∞ ~Ô O_»= „âı}˜ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ JO\Ï~°∞.
Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù qÅ∞=‰õΩ, ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x Jã¨Å∞ qÅ∞=‰õΩ L#fl `Õ_® `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ H˘Å=∂#"Õ∞ qãÎ̈~}
° =∂#=Ú.
Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘Å`«Å∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ qâ◊fiã¨hÜ«∞`«#∞ Ñ¨sHΔ̃OKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Wk LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞.
qã¨~Î }
° =∂<åÅ∞ : Z) "åºÑ≤,Î a) Q.D, ã≤) AD or MD, _ç) SD, W) ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y
1. "åºÑ≤Î :
^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x QÆi+ì̈, Hõx+ì̈ qÅ∞=Å Éè^Ë "Œ ∞Õ "åºÑ≤.Î
L^• : "å~°O ~ÀAÖ’¡ XHõ 0Hõ9OÃ=ÑMh0H6¿+1≥~°−¡ 0M
^è5~Œ G2Å° ≥∞;SSDM− ALq^èOŒ QÍ L<åfl~Ú.
200, 210, 208, 160, 220, 250 S+L
"åºÑ≤Î ´
"åºÑ≤Î QÆ∞}HÍxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J<Õ ã¨∂„`åxfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° .
Jxfl qãÎ̈~}
° =∂<åÖ’¡ ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ J~°=÷ ∞ÜÕ∞ºk, QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, `«‰Ωõ ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨>kìË "åºÑ≤.Î
Ö’áêÅ∞ :
q=$`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« Ö’¡ QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú. ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨^∞Œ .
Jxfl JOâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞HÀ^Œ∞. JO`«º qÅ∞=Å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z‰õΩ¯=.
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÍÅ∞ :
¿+~°¡ ^è~Œ Å° Ö’ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, "å`å=~°}O JOK«<åÅ∞, =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ QÆ∞}<å}º`«#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞.
2. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú :
„âı}Ö˜ ’ kQÆ∞= 25 JOâßÅ∞ ZQÆ∞= 25 JOâßÅ∞ =ke =∞^èºŒ Ö’ L#fl 50 JOâßÅ∞ P^è•~°OQÍ QÆ}O˜ KÕ^Õ
K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú.
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„Ñ¨^=Œä ∞, `«$fÜ«∞ K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ =∞^èºŒ `Õ_®#∞ K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ "åºÑ≤Î ÖË^• Inter - Quartile Range JO\Ï~°∞.
Inter Quartile Range Ö’x ã¨QÉ Æ Ïè QÍxfl Semi - Iner Quartile Range Jx JO\Ï~°∞. nx<Õ „á¶êxûãπ QÍÅì<£
K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ>ˇ#ì ∞.
ZQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊O – kQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊O
K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú ´ ´
2
K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HÍxfl ´ J<Õ ã¨∂„`«O`À QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
q=$`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® nxx QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
Z‰õΩ¯= "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO L#fl qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Q qãÎ̈~}° #∞ H˘Å=QÆÅ^Œ∞.
D
qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ =Å# „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ^Œ∞.

Ö’áêÅ∞ :
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ 25 JOâßÅ∞ z=i 25 JOâßÅ∞ qã¨‡iOK«|_»∞`«∞<åfl~Ú.
qãÎ̈~}
° #∞ U ã¨Q@
Æ ∞#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩx QÆ}O˜ K«Ö^Ë ∞Œ .
crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ xÅ|_»^∞Œ .
1Q| x−d |3QΣ
3. =∂^è Œ º=∞ qK«Å#=Ú : 1Q +
2N 3Q
Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù qÅ∞= #∞Oz qq^èŒ JOâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞"Õ∞ =∂^èºŒ =∞ qK«Å#=Ú. n<Õfl
ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ qK«Å#O JO\Ï~°∞. (AD)
MD x JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O, =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ
« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ^Õx#∞O_≥<· å QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
MD QÆ}#Ö’ qK«Å<åÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ crÜ«∞ QÆ∞~°∞Å Î ∞ qã¨‡i™êÎ~∞° .
=ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ MD QÆ}#‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«=Ú ´

=∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å#O
=∂^èºŒ =∞ qK«Å# QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú ´ -------------------------------
JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O ÖË^• =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« ÖË^• ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ J~°O÷ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=K«∞Û. QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û. U ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ #∞O_≥<· å QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞.
Ö’áêÅ∞ :
QÆ∞~°∞ÅÎ ∞ qã¨‡iOK«∞#∞. HÍ|\ì̃ crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞.
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™ê=∂lHõ "åºáê~° J^èºŒ Ü«∞<åÖ’¡ nxx J~°∞^Œ∞QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞°
4. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú ÖË^• „Hõ=∞ qK«Å#=Ú (SD)
1893Ö’ HÍ~üÑ ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~°û<£ nxx „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ>ˇ#ì ∞.
qã¨~ Î}° =∂<åÖ’¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕk. =∞Oz qã¨~Î }° ‰õΩO_»=Åã≤# ÅHõ}Δ ÏÅ∞ Hõey L#flk SD ÜÕ∞.
JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞O_ç fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O =~°= æ ¸ÖÏxfl „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O JO\Ï~°∞.
nxx `À ã¨∂z™êÎ~∞° .
nxx root mean-square deviation Jx‰õÄ_® JO\Ï~°∞.
^Œ`åÎOâ◊O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ qK«~} ° Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#fl@∞ì.
Jã¨Å∞ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞Oz „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl QÆ}¿˜ ãÎ
2
Σdx 2 ⎡ Σdx ⎤
TÇ≤ÏOz# JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞O_ç SD x QÆ}¿˜ ãÎ σ= −⎢ ⎥
N ⎣ N ⎦
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O =Öˇ ~Ô O_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= „QÆ∂Ñ¨ÙÅ‰õΩ L=∞‡_ç „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
N ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ ãÖYºÅ‰õΩ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl QÆ}¿˜ ãÎ

%xdΣ
2 72.86 srevo
2 dΣ1 ± σX"
2 c σ1 "
)1
r −
o( n (
JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞O_ç fã¨∞N‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅN2=~åæ =σ
1 Å "≥Ú`«OÎ Hõx+ì̈OQÍ LO_»∞#∞.
SD is Independent of change of origin but not of scale
™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~Y "≥â· ßÖÏºxfl x~°fizOK«∞@‰õΩ SD x LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° .

X ± 2σ covers 95.45%
X ± 3σ covers 99.73%
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú ´ –––––––––––––
JOHõ=∞^èŒº=∞O
° QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú (C.V.)
qK«~} ´ ––––––––––––– ˛100
JOHõ=∞^èŒº=∞O
qK«~}
° QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ã≤~÷ `° fi« O `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ L#fl@∞ì. qK«~}
° ÏxH˜, ã≤~÷ `° åfixH˜ qÖ’=∞ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
LO_»∞#∞.
MD Ö’ c[QÆ}` ˜ « QÆ∞~°∞ÅÎ ∞ qã¨‡iOK«|_»∞#∞. HÍh SD Ö’ fã¨∞HÀ|_»∞#∞.
89 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
MD x U ã¨Q@ SD x JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
Æ ∞ #∞O_≥<· å QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û. ^•fi~å =∂„`«"∞Õ QÆ}O˜ K«QÅÆ O.
qK«~} ° #∞ QÆ}O˜ K«_®xH˜ "Õ∞Öˇ#· H˘Å=∂#O. L=∞‡_ç „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
"≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú,„ÑüQÆ=∞#=Ú, „ÑüK«Ü∞« #=Ú ÖÏO\˜ QÆ}ÏOHõ =∂Ñ¨#ÅÖ’ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° .
Ö’áêÅ∞:
QÆ}O˜ K«∞@ Hõ+Oì̈ † qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= „áê^è•#º`« W=fi|_»∞#∞.
qã¨Î~°} =∂<åÅ∞ =∞^èŒº ãÖ|O^èŒ=Ú:
SD HõO>Ë MD `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞. MD HõO>Ë QD `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞. QD < MD < σ
SD Ö’ QD 2/3 =O`«∞ LO_»∞#∞. (0.6745)
4
SD Ö’ MD 4/5 =O`«∞ LO_»∞#∞. MD = σ
5
5. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõˆ~Y
P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y#∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° .
nxx ãÖz`« âß`«ÑÙ¨ =„Hõ~ˆ Y (Cumulative Percentage Curve) JO\Ï~°∞.
"≥ · + ¨ = ∞º=Ú: Z − X2 →
σ == PDKQS
σ º3QÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»∞#∞. nxx ~ˆ MÏz„`«OÖ’ K«∂Ñ≤¿ãÎ
™œ+¨=ì ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O, =∞^Œ
QÆO\ÏHÍ~° áœ#óÑ¨Ù#ºˆ~Y =K«∞Û#∞. nx<Õ ™ê=∂#º ÖË^• P^Œ~≈° =„Hõ̂~Y JO\Ï~°∞.
nxÖ’ K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞ =∞^ŒºQÆ`åxH˜ ã¨=∂# ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ LO\Ï~Ú.
=∞^èºŒ QÆÒ« – Q1´ Q3– =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ«
J™œ+¨=ì qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»=Ù. nxx ~ˆ MÏz„`«OÖ’ K«∂Ñ≤¿ãÎ
U^À XHõ z=~° `ÀHõ L#fl@∞ì HõxÑ≤ã∞¨ OÎ k.
J™œ+ì̈= qÉèÏ[#O ^è<Œ å`«‡HõOQÍ QÍx, |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõOQÍ QÍx LO_»=K«∞Û.
Z) JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O > =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« > ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ → ^è<Œ å‡`«Hõ (ÖË^•) ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
a) JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O < =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ (ÖË^•) Z_»=∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
"≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HÍxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü

≤ ∞« ~°û<ü LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O
3(x − Med)
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ x~°fiK«#O ãïQÍ ÖË#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ SKP =
σ
90 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
Q + Q1 − 2Q2
É∫ÖË "≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HõO SK B = 3
Q3 − Q1
P − 2P + P
90 50 10
HÔ b¡ "≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HõO Z) ^Œ`åOâßÅ∞ P^è•~°OQÍ P −P
90 10
D −2+ D
9 1
a)^ŒâßOâßÅ∞ P^è•~°OQÍ D −D
9 1
Hõ ‰ õ Ω ^Œ ` « fi O
™ê=∂#º =„Hõ~ˆ Y tY~°O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ H˘#^ŒÅK«∞‰õΩO>Ë ^•xx Lepto Kurtic JO\Ï~°∞.
™ê=∂#º =„Hõ~ˆ Y tY~°O Z‰õΩ¯= K«^∞Œ #∞QÍ LO>Ë ^•xx Platy Kurtic JO\Ï~°∞.
™ê=∂#º =„Hõ~ˆ Y tY~°O ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ LO>Ë ^•xx Meso Kurtic JO\Ï~°∞.
β 2 qÅ∞= 3 HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë Jk Lepto Kurtic Jh,
qÅ∞= 3 HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ^•xx Platy Kurtic Jx JO\Ï~°∞.
™ê=∂#º =„Hõ~ˆ YÖ’ qÅ∞= 3 LO_»∞#∞.
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞
HÍs¡ J<Õ W@b ^Õâã◊ ∞¨ _÷ ∞» 1500 #∞Oz 1750 =~°‰Ωõ ^è~Œ Å° Ö’x ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ#∞ H˘eKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOK≥#∞.
1P β
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ "≥Ú^Œ@ „^Œ=º qÅ∞=Ö’xP =∂~° = 120P∞ÊÅ#∞ H˘Å=_®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂ ≥ yOK≥#∞.
0
1838Ö’ 'ã¨∂p ^è~Œ Å° ∞— J<Õ Ñ¨^•xfl áÈ~°~ì ü LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞.
r"å<£û ã¨∂pãÖYº J<Õ Ñ¨^=Œ Ú#∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞.
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ Pi÷Hõ ÉèÏ~°q∞`«∞Å∞ (Economic Barometers) JO^Œ∞~°∞.
XHõ =ã¨∞=Î Ù#‰õΩ xs‚`« HÍÅOÖ’ ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ , P^è•~° HÍÅOÖ’ QÆÅ ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ QÆÅ x+¨ÊuÎx ™ê¿ÑHõΔ ^è~Œ ° ÖË^• ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
JO^Œ∞~°∞.
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}OÖ’ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ÅÖ’ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞.
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}OÖ’ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°O ™ê^è•~°} ãÖ=`«û~°"∞≥ ÿ LO_®e.
P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° x~°Ü‚ ∞« OÖ’ ã≤~÷ ° P^è•~° Ñ¨ûúŒ QÍx, Q˘Å∞ã¨∞ P^è•~° Ñ¨ûúŒ QÍx fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
ã¨∂p ãÖYº x~å‡}OÖ’ J=ÅOaèOKÕ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ ~Ô O_»∞.
Z) ÉèÏ~°~Ç° Ï≤ `« ã¨∂p,
a) ÉèÏi`« ã¨∂p
91 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
ΣP1
Éè Ï ~° ~°Ç≤Ï`«, ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ ã¨∂p P01 = × 100
ΣP0
⎛P ⎞
Σ ⎜ 1 × 100 ⎟
P
Éè Ï ~° ` « Ç ≤ Ï `« ™ê=∂#º ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ ã¨∂p P01 = ⎝ 0 ⎠
N
ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì ã¨∂pÅ∞
Z) ÖÏãπ¿ÑÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p: P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° =ã¨∞Î Ñï=∂}Ïxfl (Q0) ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞.
ΣP Q
P = 1 0 × 100
01 Σ P Q
0 0
D ã¨∂p over estimate KÕã∂¨ ,Î upward bias H˜ ^•ifÜ«Ú#∞.
a) áêjÛ ã¨∂p ::=~°=Î ∂# ãÖ=`«û~°ÑÙ¨ =ã¨∞Î Ñï=∂}Ïxfl (Q1) ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞.
ΣP Q
P = 1 1 × 100
01 Σ P Q
0 1
Wk Under estimate KÕã≤ downward bias H˜ ^•ifÜ«Ú#∞.
ã≤) _Àiƒ+π É∫ÖË Ñ¨^Œúu : P^è•~°, =~°=Î ∂# („Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î )« ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞.
ÖÏãπ¿ÑÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ ™ê=∂#º JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞"Õ∞ gi ã¨∂„`«O
ΣPQ ΣPQ
1 0+ 1 1
L+P ΣP Q ΣP Q
P = = 0 0 0 1 ×100
01 2 2
_ç) Ñ¶≤+¨~ü P^Œ~°≈ã¨∂p : Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂pQÍ Ñ≤Å=|_≥#∞.
D ã¨∂p, ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}OÖ’ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ GM ^•fi~å QÆ}O˜ K«|_»∞#∞.
Wk „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î ,« =∞iÜ«Ú P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}OÅ#∞ fã¨∞H˘O@∞Ok.
Wk HÍÅÑï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõÅΔ #∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° K«∞#∞.
92 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
It is Free from bias
ΣP Q
P = L× P = 1 0 × Σ P1Q1 × 100
01 ΣP Q ΣP Q
0 0 0 1
Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ÖÏãπ¿ÑÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O

W) =∂~°¬Öò Z_£˚=~üÎ ã¨∂p: Wk‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î ,« P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩOk.
P = 0 (
Σ Q +Q P
1 1 ×100 )
(
01 Σ Q + Q P
0 1 0 )
ZÑ¶π) ÔHb¡ ã¨∂p : nxx Fixed weight Aggregative Index Method JO^Œ∞~°∞.
ΣPQ
P01 = 1
× 100
ΣP0Q
Q0 + Q1
nxÖ’ Q = (nxÖ’ ÉèÏ~åÅ∞ H˘xfl HÍÖÏÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok#q. YzÛ`«OQÍ P^è•~°, =~°=Î ∂# ãÖ=`«û~åÖË HÍ"åÅx ÖË^∞Œ .)
2
ÉèÏi`« ™ê¿ÑHõΔHÍÅ ã¨QÆ@∞ ã¨∂p :
ΣPV
P01 = P´ ^è~Œ Å° ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ∞
ΣV
Q1PΣ1 = P × PPWeights (P0Q0)
V=Value
1
= 1001Q × 11100P
HÍÅÑ¨ i =~° Î # Ñ¨ s Hõ Δ : 0Q0PΣ 0P
P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~åxfl „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«û~åxfl `å~°∞=∂~°∞ KÕã≤ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞ ‰õ#∞‰õΩ¯O>Ë Jq XHõ^•xH˘Hõ\ ˜
=Ùº„`«¯=∂Å∞QÍ LO_®e.
HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°Î# Ñ¨sHõΔ : ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p, Ñï=∂}ÏÅ ã¨∂p Å|úO qÅ∞=ã¨∂pH˜ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_®e.
Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p HÍÅÑï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° K«∞#∞.

ã¨~°∞¯ ºÅ~ü >ˇãπì x ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ i¨ KÕ ã¨∂pÅ∞
Z) ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ .
a) Fixed weight Aggregative method (ÔHb¡ Ñ¨ûúŒ )
93 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
Circular Test = P01 × P12 × P20 = 1
Ü«¸x\ò >ˇãπì#∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ K° x« ã¨∂p ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ (Ñï=∂}ÏÅ∞) =∂„`«"∞Õ . q∞ye# Jxfl ã¨∂„`åÅ∞ nxx
ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° K«∞#∞.
qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞ ^èŒ~°Å ã¨∂p (ã‘Ñ‘S) : H˜ =∞~À¿Ñ~°∞ r=# =ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂p ÖË^• i>ÿ̌Öò ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p. Wq XHõ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ
`«~Q° uÆ /=~°Oæ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =ã¨∞Î ¿ã=Å H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ â◊HÖÎ̃ ’x =∂~°∞Ê#∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 2 q^è•Å∞QÍ QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û.
Z) ã¨q∞+≤ì =ºÜ«∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ /ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ
ΣPV
a) ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥\˚ ò Ñ¨ûúŒ /ÉèÏi`« ™ê¿ÑHõΔ Ñ¨ûúŒ CPI =
ΣV
ã¨ Ç ¨ Ï ã¨ O |O^è Œ O
~Ô O_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥e¿Ñ^Õ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
L^•: Hõ+Ñì¨ _¨ ç K«^=Œ _®xH˜, q[Ü«∞™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LOk.
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ J<Õk K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ™ê÷~Úx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. JO`ÕHÍx HÍ~°}O–Ñ¶e¨ `« ãÖ|O^è•xfl
`≥ÅÑ¨^∞Œ .
~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ XˆH kâ◊QÍ =∂i`Õ (L^•: Éè∂í ™ê~°O ÃÑiy`Õ ÑÖ@ kQÆ∞|_ç ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞) Jk ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ QPΣ
001× 0 1 = IPC
Σ :^è~
~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =ºuˆ~Hõ kâ◊Ö’ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ã0QÎ 0P(L^• Œ ° ÃÑiˆQ H˘nÌ _ç=∂O_£ `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞.) ^•xx ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ JO^Œ∞~°∞.
~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl Ñïje¿ãÎ Jk ™ê=∂#º ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
~Ô O_»∞ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥e¿Ñk |Ç¨ïà◊ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
~Ô O_»∞HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å~åâ◊√Å#∞ QÆ∞iÎOz#Ñ¨Ê\˜H,© q∞ye# K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ ã≤~÷ =° ∞x „Ñ¨"∞Õ Ü«∞=ÚKÕã,≤ ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å
=∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl Ñïje¿ãÎ ^•xx áêHΔ̃Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ JO^Œ∞~°∞.
~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ =∂~°∞Ê „Ñü™ês ã≤~÷ ° x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ LO>Ë Jk ã¨~à° ~ˆ◊ Y ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ =∂~°∞Ê „Ñü™ês ã≤~÷ ° x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ ÖËx Ü≥∞_»Å Jk =„Hõ ~ˆ vÜ«∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl QÆ}O˜ KÕ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ :Z) "åºÑ¨#Ñ¨@O a) ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ˆ MÏ z„`«O ã≤) HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü≤ ∞« ~°û<£
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO _ç) ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO W) ™ê~°∂Ñ¨º qK«Å# Ñ¨ûúŒ
"åºÑ¨# Ñ¨@OÖ’ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ „Hõ=∞O T~°fiú kâ◊QÍ J#QÍ Z_»=∞ #∞Oz ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ ÃÑH· á˜ È`Õ Jk ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
"åºÑ¨# Ñ¨@OÖ’ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ „Hõ=∞O J^èÀ kâ◊QÍ J#QÍ Z_»=∞ #∞O_ç ‰õΩ_çH˜ ky`Õ Jk ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ .
"åºÑ¨# Ñ¨@OÖ’ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞ ZÖÏO\˜ aO^Œ∞ „Hõ=∂xfl K«∂Ñ¨Háõ È`Õ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖË#@∞¡.
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ˆ MÏz„`«OÖ’ QÆ∞iÎOK«|_»¤ ~ˆ YÅ∞ XˆH kâ◊Ö’ ã¨=∂O`«~O° QÍ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ãÎ K«Å<åÅ =∞^èºŒ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO^Œx, =ºuˆ~Hõ kâ◊Ö’ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ãÎ |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO^Œx J~°O÷ .
94 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl ãÖMÏº~°∂ÑÖÖ’ `≥e¿ÑO^Œ∞‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ L#fl Ñ¨ûúŒ HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~°û<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ
QÆ∞}HõO
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ZÑ¨ÙÊ_»∂ ± 1 J<Õ ~Ô O_»∞ J=^è∞Œ Å =∞^èºŒ LO@∞Ok.
~Ô O_»∞ K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ^è#Œ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO qÅ∞= {1
ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ |∞∞} ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO qÅ∞= –1
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ã¨∞<åfl J~Ú`Õ K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖË#@∞¡
HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~üã<¨ £ QÆ}#Ö’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl, „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞@=Å¡ Wk ãÖ`«$Ñ≤HÎ ~õ "° ∞≥ #ÿ QÆ}#
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ¿ã¯Å∞, =¸ÅO =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ^Œ∞.
QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ JOâßÅ (JO^ŒKO« ^•Å∞, hux*Ï~Úf, ^•#^è~Œ å‡Å∞, `≥eq`Õ@Å∞) q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl
x~°~‚ ÚOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ 1904Ö’ ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ Ñ¨ûúŒ x Hõ#∞H˘¯<åfl_»∞.
qK«Å<åÅ#∞ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz HÍHõ, ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x =ÚO^Œ∞ JOâ◊O #∞Oz QÆ∞iÎOz, "åx =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl
`≥e¿Ñk ™ê~°∂Ñ¨º qK«Å# Ñ¨ûúŒ

ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ x~å‡~°} ´ r2
ND−
2
Σ6yCd2xdΣ = r
−±1 = C
R
)1 − NNy(σNx σN
2
95 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
Q − 3Q xdS Σ
−L
1
= D.Q=
2 S+L
N
qã¨Î~°}=∂<åÅ∞ :
1. "åºÑ≤Î L − S
"åºÑ≤Î QÆ∞}HõO
2.
Q3 − Q1
Q.D QÆ∞}HõO Q.D =
Q3 + Q1
Σf dx
3. =∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å#O ´ , qzÛù#fl, JqzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ =
N
=∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#O MD
=∞^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HõO ´ ––––––––––––––– =
ã¨QÆ@∞ x m ed Z
4. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
96 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
z~°Orq
ECONOMY
Σ(x − x )
2
Σdx 2
Jã¨Å∞ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz σ= ÖË^•
N N
2
Σdx 2 ⎛ Σdx ⎞
TÇ≤ÏOz# JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz σ= −⎜ ⎟
N ⎝ N ⎠
qzÛù#fl, JqzÛù#fl „âı}∞Ö’¡ ™Èáê# qK«Å# Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’
σ
° QÆ∞}HõO ( CV ) =
qK«~} × 100
X
N1σ 12 + N 2σ 22 + N1d12 + N 2 d 22
L=∞‡_ç „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O σ 1,2 = N1 + N 2
X −Z 3 ( X − Median )
≤ ∞« ~°û<£ "≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HõO SK P =
HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü ÖË^•
σ σ
Q3 + Q1 − 2Q2
É∫ÖË "≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HõO SK B =
Q3 − Q1
ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞ :
2
⎞ ' xdfΣ ⎛ ' xdfΣ
2
ΣP1
Z) ÉèÏ~°~Ç° Ï≤ `« ã¨∂pÅ∞C× ⎟ ⎜ − ™ê=∂#º= ã¨σq∞+≤ì P01 = × 100
⎠ N ⎝ Z) N ã¨∂p ΣP0
⎛P ⎞
Σ ⎜ 1 × 100 ⎟
P
a) ™ê=∂#º ™ê¿ÑHõΔ HÍÅ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ ã¨∂p P01 = ⎝ 0 ⎠
N
ΣPQ
a) ÉèÏi`« ã¨∂pÅ∞ Z) ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü P01 = 1 0
× 100
P0Q0
ΣPQ
a) áêjÛ P01 = 1 1
× 100
P0Q1
ΣPQ
1 0 ΣPQ
+ 1 1
ã≤) _Àiƒ+π É∫ÖË L+P ΣPQ ΣPQ
P01 = formulae 0 0 0 1
×100
2 2
97 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
ΣPQ ΣPQ
_ç) Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p P01 = L × P = ΣP Q × ΣP Q ×100
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 1
ΣP1 ( Q0 + Q1 )
P01 = × 100
W) =∂~°¬Öò Z_£̊=~üÎ ã¨∂p ΣP0 ( Q 0 +Q1 )
ΣPQ
ZÑ¶π) HÔ b¡ ã¨∂p P01 = 1
× 100
ΣP0Q
qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞ ^èŒ~°Å ã¨∂p :

ΣPQ
Z) ã¨q∞+≤ì =ºÜ«∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ
1 0
× 100
ΣP0Q0
ΣPV
a) ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥\˚ ò Ñ¨ûúŒ = ÖË^•
ΣV
Ñ¨sHõÅΔ ∞ : HÍÅÑï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ P01x P10=1
HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ P01x Q01

2
dΣ 6 1QW1PIΣΣ
-1 = r
ã¨~∞° ¯ ºÅ~ü >ˇãìπ P)101-x2 PN12( xNP020
QW 0PΣ
=1Σ
Σdx dy
≤ ∞« ~°û<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO r = N.σ .σ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ : HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
x y
ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO
Co-efficient of Determination = r2
Explained variance
r2 =
Total variance
Co-efficient of Non-Determination = K2 = 1 - r2
98 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

z~°Orq
ECONOMY
KEY POINTS
=∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ J<Õq – ™ê÷# ã¨Q@

Æ ∞Å∞
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú J<Õq – QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞O_ç fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ – ''0——
=∞^ŒºQÆ`åxfl ~ˆ MÏ z„`«O ^•fi~å K«∂Ñ≤OKÕ q^è•#O – Fl"£ =„Hõ~ˆ YÅ∞
|Ç¨ïà◊HÍxfl ~ˆ MÏ z„`«OÖ’ K«∂Ñ≤OKÕ q^è•#O – Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞ =∞iÜ«Ú
áœ#ó Ñ¨Ù#º |Ç¨ïÉè∞í l
Q2, O4, D5, P50 Å‰õΩ =∞~À¿Ñ~°∞, – =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«"∞≥ #ÿ qÅ∞= – ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
„âı}∞ÅÖ’ =∞^èºŒ Ö’ L#fl qÅ∞= – =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
~åâ◊√Å∞ "≥Ú`åÎxfl ~åâ◊√Å ãÖYºKÕ ÉèÏy¿ãÎ =KÕÛ qÅ∞= – JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
„âı}∞Ö’ U XHõ¯ qÅ∞= ''0—— J~Ú<å QÆ}O˜ KÕ gÅ∞ HÍxk Uk? – QÆ∞} =∞^Œº=∞=Ú
^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x qÅ∞=Å =Ùº¢`¯« =∂Å JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xH˜ QÆÅ =Ùº¢`¯« =∞"Õ∞ – Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x Jxfl K«Å~åâ◊√ÅÃÑ#· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ qÕ
crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩxÅ|_Õ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ – QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ =Å¡ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍx ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ – ™ê÷#ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
q=$`« J=^è∞Œ ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ kÕ
QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ Õ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ – =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú
~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ gÅ∞#fl ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ – ™ê÷#ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
J`«ºkèH,õ J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞=Å `Õ_®ÜÕ∞ – "åºÑ≤Î
J~°K÷ `« ∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ "åºÑ≤HÎ ˜ =∞~˘Hõ ¿Ñ~°∞ – K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ xÅ|_»x qã¨~Î }
° =∂<åÅ∞ – "åºÑ≤,Î Q.D & M.D
~Ô O_»= „âı}© ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞QÍ Ñ≤Å=|_Õ =∂<åÅ∞ – qã¨Î~°}=∂<åÅ∞
z~°Orq 99 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
Hˆ O„^Œ ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù qÅ∞= #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞"Õ∞ – M.D (=∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å#=Ú)
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\ì̃#k – HÍ~ü¡ Ñ≤Ü∞« ~°û<£

''JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ, =~åæÅ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
=~°æ=¸Å"Õ∞ – „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ´ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ – ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O > =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« > ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ – ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O < =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ – |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ `≥e¿Ñ ~ˆ Y – ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y
P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°O =ã¨∞Î Ñï=∂}Ïxfl ÉèÏiO`«QÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx ã¨∂px QÆ}O˜ z#k – ÖÏ¿ãÊÜ«∞~ü
=~°=Î ∂# ãÖ=`«û~°ÑÙ¨ Ñï=∂}Ïxfl ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx ã¨∂px QÆ}O˜ z#k – áêjÛ
ÖÏ¿ãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O P^è•~°OQÍ ã¨∂px ~°∂á⁄OkOz#k – Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü
HÍÅÑï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõÅΔ #∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ i¨ z# P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p – Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p
=¸_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl ã¨∂zOKÕk – |Ç¨ïà◊ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl ã¨∂zOKÕk – ™ê=∂#º ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
=¸_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= QÆ∞iÎOz#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© q∞ye# "å\˜x ã≤~÷ O° QÍ
L<åflÜ«∞x ÉèÏqOz ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl ÑïjeOKÕk – áêH˜HΔ õ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú
HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~üã<¨ £ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú – ± 1Å =∞^èºŒ LO_»∞#∞.
QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥e¿Ñk – ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
165 ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ Economic Freedon Index #∞ QÆ}O˜ K«QÍ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ 115 ~åºO‰õΩ#∞, K≥<· å 126= ~åºO‰õΩ#∞
á⁄O^≥#∞.
2004–05Ö’NSSO "å~°∞ „Ñ¨K∞« iOz# x"ÕkHõÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 20% „Ñ¨[Å∞ ~ÀA‰õΩ XH˘¯Hõ¯~°∞ 14
~°∂áêÜ«∞Å HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ =ºÜ«∞OKÕã∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞.
„QÍg∞} „áêO`åÅÖ’ <≥Åãï `«Åãï qxÜ≥∂QÆ =ºÜ«∞O 2004–05Ö’ ~°∂. 559Å∞ HÍQÍ, Ñ¨@}
ì „áêO`åÅÖ’
~°∂. 1,052Å∞QÍ LOk.
Back wash „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O#∞ QÆ∞<åfl~ü q∞~å÷Öò „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ>ì̌#∞.
z~°Orq 100 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
a\ò ÉÏºOH± (One word questions)

1. QÆ}ÏOHõ âß¢™êÎxfl U ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. ~åAÅ âßG=Ú ÖË^• ~å*ÏºOQÆ âßG=Ú
2. QÆ}ÏOHõâßG Ñ≤`å=∞Ç¨ï_»∞?
[. P~ü.Z.Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü
3. QÆ}ÏOHõâßGO U Ñ¨^•Å #∞O_ç Pq~°ƒqù Oz#k?
[. ÖÏ\˜<£ ÉèÏ+¨Ö’x ™êì@ãπ (Status)
[~°‡h ÉèÏ+¨Ö’x ™êì@ã≤Hì Í (Statistica)
W\ÏeÜ«∞<£ ÉèÏ+¨Ö’x ™êì@™êì (Statusta)
D Ñ¨^•Å‰õΩ J~°=÷ Ú ~å[º=Ú (State)
4. ''^Õâ◊ „Ñ¨[Å ã≤u÷ QÆ`∞« Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# =sæH$õ `« ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl JOÔHÅÖ’#∂, Ñ¨\ Hì̃ Åõ Ö’#∂ á⁄O^Œ∞Ñïz K≥¿ÑÊ^Õ
QÆ}ÏOHõâßG=Ú——.
[. "≥Éòã~ì̈ ü (Webster)
5. ''QÆ}ÏOHõ âß¢™êÎxfl ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å âßGOQÍ =i‚Oz#k——?
[. É∫ÖË
6. ''QÆ}ÏOHõâßGO JO>Ë ãÖYº, ^Œ`åÎOâ◊ ¿ãHõ~} ° , ã¨=∞~°Ê}, qâı+¡ }
¨ , q=~°}—— Jx x~°fizOz#k?
[. „HÍH±û@<£ =∞iÜ«Ú „H“_»<£
7. Z‰õΩ¯= ãÖYºÖ’ L#fl ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl ‰õΩkOz "≥Ú`«OÎ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O JO`«\ H˜ © „áêux^èºŒ O =Ç≤ÏOKÕ XˆH XHõ qÅ∞=#∞
D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. ã¨QÆ@∞
8. ã¨Q@Æ ∞Å‰õΩ =∞~˘Hõ¿Ñ~°∞?
[. Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘Å`«Å∞
9. =∞Oz ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ ÅHõ}
Δ ÏÅ∞
[. Z. ã¨Ê+ì̈OQÍ x~°fizOK«|_®e a. "≥Ú`«OÎ ^Œ`åÎOâßxH˜ „áêux^èºŒ O =Ç≤ÏOKåe ã≤. ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ J~°O÷ HÍ"åe
_ç. ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ QÆ}#KÕÜ∞« _®xH˜ gÅ∞O_®e W. „ÑüK«Ü∞« # =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ"åe.
10. ã¨Q@Æ ∞Å∞ Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞?
[. 1. ™ê÷#ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ 2. QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞.
z~°Orq 101 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
11. QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ Uq?
[. JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú (A.M ÖË^• Mean); Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú (H.M); QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú(GM)
12. ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ Uq?
[. 1. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú, 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
13. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ÅÖ’„Ñ¨MÏºu QÍOz# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ Uq?
[. 1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
14. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú (AM) #‰õΩ =∞~˘Hõ¿Ñ~°∞?
[. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ÖË^• =∞^Œº=∞=Ú (Mean)
15. „âı}Ö˜ ’ JOâßÅ∞ "≥Ú`åÎxfl JOâßÅ ãÖYº`À ÉèÏy¿ãÎ =KÕÛ qÅ∞= Uk?
[. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
16. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞?
[. 2. Z. ™ê=∂#º JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, a. ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
17. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«|_Õk, "≥Ú`«OÎ ^Œ`åÎOâßxH˜ „áêux^èºŒ O =Ç≤ÏOKÕ ã¨Q@Æ ∞ Uk?
[. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú.
18. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}∞ÅÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl54xUd 0∑q^è
2x+
f∑5O
Œ 1QÍ+X0ΣQÆ1}™˜ êÎ~∞° ?
51= = + A==NX
[. JOâßÅ∞ "≥Ú`åÎxfl JOâßÅ ãÖYºKÕ3 ÉèNÏyOKåe. N3
~åâ◊√Å "≥Ú`«OÎ
X = AM = =
~åâ◊√Å ãÖYº
19. 10, 15, 20Å JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ZO`«?
[.
20. áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º=Ú W=fi|_»x „âı}x˜ U=∞x Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. =ºHÎ̃QÆ`« „âı}˜
21. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ ^ŒQ~æÆ ° Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
[.
TÇ≤ÏOz# JOHõ=∞^Œº=Ú, ∑ dx ´ qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ , N ´ JOâßÅ ãÖYº
A´
22. qzÛ#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ K«Å~åt`Àáê@∞ áœ#óÑ¨Ù#ºO ‰õÄ_® LO@∞Ok. nxÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O
[. Z. „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ Ñ¨^ŒúuÖ’
z~°Orq 102 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
∑ fdx
a. ^ŒQ~æÆ ° Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ X =A+
N
23. JqzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ ™Èáê# qK«Å# Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O?
[. Σ fdx ' i= `«~Q° uÆ JO`«~=° Ú
X =A+ ×i
N
24. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ `«~Q° uÆ kQÆ∞= J=kè, z=i `«~Q° uÆ ZQÆ∞= J=kè ÖËx ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. q=$`« ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=Ú
25. L=∞‡_ç JOHõ=∞^Œº QÆ}#‰õΩLÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
N X1 + N2 X2
[. X = 1
1,2 N1 + N2
26. ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O

∑ WX
[. X = ∑ WX ´ qÅ∞=Å#∞ "å\˜ ÉèÏ~°=ÚÅ`À QÆ∞}ÕK«QÍ =zÛ# ÅÉÏúÅ ãÖHõÅ#=Ú
w ∑W
∑W ´ ÉèÏ~åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ
27. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞O_ç fã≤# qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ...................H˜ ã¨=∂#O JQÆ∞#∞.
[. ã¨∞#fl ''0——
28. XHõ „âı}Ö˜ ’ „Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ XHõ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞HõeÑ≤# JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_®ÅO>Ë ...
[. J^Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ Ñ¨Ó~°fi JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xH˜HÅõ áêe.
29. ÉèÏi`åÅ∞ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO>Ë ™ê=∂#º JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èOŒ U q^èOŒ QÍ
LO@∞Ok?
[. ™ê=∂#º JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ´ ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
30. J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞= QÆÅ JOâßÅ‰õΩ JkèHõ ÉèÏ~°=Ú, J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞= QÆÅ JOâßÅ‰õΩ `«‰Ωõ ¯= ÉèÏ~°O WzÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞
™ê=∂#º, ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂Å∞ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èOŒ U q^èOŒ QÍ LO@∞Ok?
[. ™ê=∂#º JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=ÚHõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
31. crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ xÅ|_Õk, „âı}Ö˜ ’ „Ñ¨f JOâ◊OÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ kÕ ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ QÆ}O˜ K«QeÆ Qˆ k, J~Ú# ã¨Q@
Æ ∞?
32. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅx~å‡}OÖ’ U JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎO?
[. ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
33. q=$`« ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ QÆ}O˜ K«_®xH˜ gÅ∞ÖËx ã¨Q@ Æ ∞?
[. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú (Jxfl QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞)
z~°Orq 103 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
34. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ WzÛ# JOâßÅ „áê=ÚMÏºxfl |\˜ì ÉèÏ~åÅ#∞ WzÛ QÆ}O˜ KÕ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ¿Ñ~ˆ q∞\˜?
[. ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
=∞^èŒºQÆ`«=Ú :
35. „âı}Ö˜ ’x =∞^èºŒ qÅ∞=#∞ `≥e¿Ñ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Uk?
[. =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú
36. ''qÉè[í <åxfl U qÅ∞= ~Ô O_»∞ ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèÏyã¨∞OÎ ^À ^•x<Õ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« JO\Ï~°∞—— Jx =∞^ŒºQÆ`åxfl
x~°fizOz#k?
[. „HÍHõû@<£ „H“_»<£
37. U ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ QÆ}#Ö’ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl, P~ÀÇ¨Ï} ÖË^• J=~ÀÇ¨Ï} „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞~åÛe?
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
38. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ „« âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^ŒºQÆ`« QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O
N +1
[. 2
= JOâ◊=Ú N ´ JOâ◊=ÚÅ ãÖYº
39. „âı}Ö˜ ’ QÆÅ qÅ∞=Å ™ê÷<åxfl |\˜xì ~°~‚ ÚOK«|_Õ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ (=∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ™ê÷# ã¨NQ>Æ )Ë
fc − 2
1L −ºQÆ
40. JqK«Û#ù fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^Œ 2L `×åxfl QÆf}O˜ +KÕ1OL^Œ=∞‰õ)ΩdLÑ¨
em (
Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
41. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ #ç W`«~° ™ê÷#=∂<åÅ∞ Uq?
[. K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞, ÑÖKåOâßÅ∞, JëêìOâßÅ∞, ^ŒâßOâßÅ∞, â◊`åOâßÅ∞
42. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâßxfl 4 ã¨=∂# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OKÕ ^•xx U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞ ( 3 K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú)
43. Q , Q , Q Å qãÎ̈~}
1 2 3
°
[. Q kQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú, Q ´ =∞^ŒºQÆ`=
1 2
« Ú, Q ´ ZQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú
3
44. ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 5 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OKÕ ™ê÷#=∂#O Uk?

[. ÑÖKåOâßÅ∞. (nxÖ’ 4 ÑÖK« JOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. Qu , Qu , Qu , Qu )
1 2 3 4
45. ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 8 ã¨=∂# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OKÕ ™ê÷#=∂#O Uk?

[. JëêìOâ◊=Ú (nxÖ’ 7 JëêìOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. O , O , O , O , O , O , O )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
z~°Orq 104 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
46. O2 J#QÍ?
[. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú
47. O J#QÍ?
4
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
48. O J#QÍ?
6
[. 3= K«`∞« ~åÌOâ◊=Ú
[. ^ŒâßOâ◊=Ú. (nxÖ’ 9 ^ŒâßOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. D , D .... D )1 2 9
50. 5= ^ŒâßOâßxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?

[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
[. â◊`åOâßÅ∞ (99 â◊`åOâßÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. P , P , P , ....P )
1 2 3 99
52. P #∞U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
50
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
53. P #∞U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
25
[. kQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú

54. P #∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
75
[. ZQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú

55. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º =„Hõ ~ˆ YÅ#∞ (Fl"£ ~ˆ YÅ∞) U ã¨Q@ Æ ∞#∞ QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° ?
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
56. q=$`«, J=^è∞Œ Å∞#fl `«~Q° `Æ ∞« Å∞ WzÛ#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ gÖˇ#· ã¨Q@
Æ ∞?
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
57. qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅKÕ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«=ÚHÍx, QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl ‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ gÖˇ#· ã¨Q@ Æ ∞?
[. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú (MODE) :
58. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú U ÉèÏëê Ñ¨ÔŒ #∞O_ç L^Œƒqù Oz#k?
[. ÖÏ"≥∂_£ J<Õ „ÃÑO¶ z Ñ¨ÔŒ (nx J~°O÷ ¿Ñ+¶ <¨ )£
59. ''„âı}Ö˜ ’ L#fl JOâßÅÖ’ U qÅ∞= Ju `«~K° ∞« QÍ =ã¨∞OÎ ^À P qÅ∞=<Õ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú JO\Ï~°∞—— Jx ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl
x~°fizOz#k?
[. l[H±
z~°Orq 105 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
60. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ U qÅ∞= Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«O JQÆ∞<À P qÅ∞=...
[. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
61. 450, 300, 450, 200, 450, 100 ÅÖ’ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ?
[. 450 (Wk 3 ™ê~°∞¡ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«O J~ÚOk)
62. qzÛù#fl áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl ZÖÏ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ?
[. U K«Å~åtH˜ Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ J`«ºkèH"õ ∞≥ #ÿ áœ#óÑ¨Ù#ºO LO@∞O^À P K«Å~åâı ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ .
63. JqzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
[. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ (Z) =
64. kfiÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
[. Z = 3 =∞^ŒºQÆÒ « – 2 JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
65. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍxfl Uˆ~MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ?
[. (Z) ™Èáê# z„`«=Ú (Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞), (a) áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º |Ç¨ïÉè∞í l
66. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ QÆ}#Ö’ Hõ#|_Õ Ö’áêÅ∞
[. (Z) Wq ^Œ`åÎOâßOÖ’x Jxfl JOâßÅÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ =» Ù
(a) D ~Ô O_»∂ crÜ«)∞ L„áêãÎ̈ =#‰õΩ 0⎤⎥Ñ¨fx−xg1Hõf~l ∑å=Ù⎡⎢+goLl
1 − 2 L( 1
f − f −N1f2 ⎣
67. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ Ö’ Hõ#Ñ¨_2 Õ ã¨⎦ ∞0QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞?
[. Z. qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ =Å# „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ=Ù
a. ~Ô O_çO\˜x ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å K«∂Ñ≤OK«=K«∞Û.
QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú :
68. A, B ~Ô O_»∞ JOâßÅ∞ J~Ú`Õ D ~Ô O_çO\˜ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ....
[. GM = ab
69. ãÖ=~°=æ ∂<åÅ∞ ^•fi~å QÆ∞}=∞^Œº QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O ...
[. GM = Anti
70. qzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ GM QÆ}#‰õΩLÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞ ã¨∂„`«O ....

⎡∑f log x ⎤
GM = Anti log ⎢
[. ⎣ N ⎥⎦
z~°Orq 106 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
71. ÉèÏi`« QÆ∞}=∞^èºŒ =∂xfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕã∂¨ „`«O?
⎡ ∑ log x.w ⎤
[. GM W = Anti log ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ∑w ⎦
72. âß`åÅ∞, x+¨Ê`«∞ÅÎ ∞,ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞ QÆ}#KÕÜ∞« _»OÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ãÕ Q¨ @
Æ ∞?
[. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
73. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ U JOâ◊"∞≥ <ÿ å ''0—— QÍx, |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõO (–) QÍx J~Ú`Õ...
[. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∂xfl QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
74. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x qÅ∞=Å, =Ùº¢`¯« =∞=ÚÅ JOHõ=∞^è•ºxH˜ QÆÅ =Ùº¢`¯« =∂xfl U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
75. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº QÆ}#‰õΩ ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú?
[. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
76. ~Ô O_»∞ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= JOâßÅ∞ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ Ç¨Ï~°=∞^èºŒ QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«=Ú?
⎤ ba2⎡
⎥ b + a⎢ = ).M.H(
N
= ).M.H(
⎥⎦ 1x ∑ ⎢⎣
[. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
77. QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@

Æ ∞Å∞ =¸_çO\˜Ö’#∂ Hõ#|_Õ ã¨∞QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞?
[. Z. Wq ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x „Ñü JOâ◊OÃÑ#· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞.
a. Wq crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ J#∞=ÙQÍ LO_»∞#∞.
78. „âı}Ö˜ ’ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ =∞iÜ«Ú |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ qÅ∞=Å∞ L#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∂xfl...
[. QÆ}O˜ K«Ö=Ë Ú.
79. ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú?
[. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ´ =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú ´ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
80. J™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú?
[. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú ´ 3 =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« – 2 JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
z~°Orq 107 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
qã¨Î~°} =∂<åÅ∞
81. Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù qÅ∞=‰õΩ, ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x Jã¨Å∞ qÅ∞=‰õΩ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ `Õ_®#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<Õ H˘Å=∂<åÅ#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. qã¨~Î }
° =∂#=Ú (Dispersion)
82. qã¨~Î }° =∂<åÅ‰õΩ =∞~˘Hõ ¿Ñ~°∞?
[. ~Ô O_»=„âı}˜ ã¨Q@Æ ∞Å∞
83. Hˆ O„^Œ ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘Å`«Å q=fiã¨hÜ«∞`«#∞ Ñ¨sHΔ̃OK«_®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ kÕ ?
[. qãÎ̈~°}=∂<åÅ∞.
84. qq^èŒ qã¨~Î }
° =∂<åÅ∞ Uq?
[. Z) "åºÑ≤,Î a) K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú, ã≤) =∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å#=Ú, _ç) „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
W) ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y, (ˆ~MÏ z„`«O ^•fi~å QÆ}O˜ KÕk)
"åºÑ≤Î (Range) :
85. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x Hõx+ì̈, QÆi+ì̈ qÅ∞=Å =∞^èºŒ Éè^Ë •xfl U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. "åºÑ≤Î
86. XHõ "å~°OÖ’ 10 „QÍ=ÚÅ |OQÍ~°O J`«ºkèH^õ ~Œè ° ~°∂. 12,000 QÍ#∂, J`«ºÅÊ ^è~Œ ° ~°∂. 10,500 QÍ#∂
#"≥∂^Œ∞ J~Ú`Õ |OQÍ~°O ^è~Œ Ö° ’x "åºÑ≤Î ZO`«?
[. ~°∂. 1500
87. "åºÑ≤xÎ QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
[. J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞= – J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞= (R = L– S)
88. "åºÑ≤Î QÆ∞}HÍxH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=Åã≤# ã¨∂„`«O?
[. L – S J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞= – J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞=
---- = ----------------------------
L+S J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞= { J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞=
89. JO`«º qÅ∞=Å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õ qã¨~Î } ° =∂#O Uk?
[. "åºÑ≤Î
90. "å`å=~°} ã¨∂K«#Ö’#∂, ™êìH± ZˆHÛùO*òÖ’ "å\ÏÅ ^è~Œ Å° =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ ã¨∂zOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, =ã¨∞Î <å}º`«#∞x~°~‚ ÚOKÕ
QÆ∞} xÜ«∞O„`«}Ö’#∂ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ qã¨~Î } ° =∂#O?
[. "åºÑ≤Î
K«`«∞~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú
91. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å<åxH˜ P ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì k?
[. ã¨~„ü á¶êxûãπ QÍÅì<£
z~°Orq 108 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
92. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’ kQÆ∞= 25 JOâßÅ∞, ZQÆ∞= 25 JOâßÅ∞ =ke =∞^èºŒ L#fl 50 JOâßÅ∞ P^è•~°OQÍ QÆ}O˜ KÕ
qã¨Î~°}=∂#=Ú?
[. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú
93. „Ñ¨^=Œä ∞, `«$fÜ«∞ K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ =∞^èºŒ L#fl `Õ_®#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ "åºÑ≤Î (ÖË^•) Inter Quartile Range
94. Inter Quartile Range #∞ Uq^èOŒ QÍ K«∂Ñ¨=K«∞Û#∞.
[. Q – Q 3 1
95. Inter Quartile Range Ö’x ã¨QÉÆ Ïè QÍxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?

[. J~°÷ K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ "åºÑ≤Î (Semi Inter Quartile Range)
96. Semi Inter Quartile Range#∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ K«∂Ñ¨Ù`å~°∞?
[.
97. J~°÷ K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ "åºÑ≤HÎ ˜ ã¨~„ü á¶êxûãπ QÍÅì<£ ÃÑ\ì̃# ¿Ñ~°∞?
[. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú
98. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HÍxfl U q^èOŒ QÍ K«∂Ñ¨Ù`å~°∞?
[. Q – Q 3 1
ZQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷OQâ◊−=ÚQ– kQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú
1 3
=
2
Q3 + Q1 ZQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú { kQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊=Ú
99. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å# QÆ∞}Hõ=ÚJ<Õk U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ qãÎ̈~}° =∂#=Ú?
[. ™ê¿ÑHõΔ qãÎ̈~} ° =∂#=Ú
100. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å<åxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕ@Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ JOâßÅ#∞ P~ÀÇ¨Ï} „Hõ=∞OÖ’ „"åÜ«∞_®xH˜ QÆÅHÍ~°}=Ú?
[. Q.D ‰õÄ_® ™ê÷#=∂#=ÚÖÏO\˜^.Õ (K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú)
101. q=$`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ U qãÎ̈~}° =∂<åxfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û?

[. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú
102. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞K«∞@∂ì L#fl qãÎ̈~} ° #∞ `≥ÅÑ¨x qãÎ̈~} ° =∂<åÅ∞ Uq?
[. "åºÑ≤†Î K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
103. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚÖ’x Jxfl JOâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞HÀ‰õΩO_® QÆ}O˜ K«|_»¤ qã¨~Î } ° =∂<åÅ∞?
[. "åºÑ≤†Î K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú
104. â◊`åOâ◊ "åºÑ≤xÎ U q^èOŒ QÍ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ?
[. P –P
90 10
P ´ 90= â◊`åOâ◊=Ú
90
P ´ 10= â◊`åOâ◊=Ú
10
z~°Orq 109 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
=∂
=∂^è^èŒºq∞Hõ qK«Å#=Ú :
105. Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù qÅ∞=Å #∞Oz qq^èŒ JOâßÅ#∞fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∂xfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
106. JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú, =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú,ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ ÚÅÖ’ U ã¨Q@Æ ∞ #∞Oz J~Ú<å QÆ}O˜ K«_®xH˜ gÅ∞O_Õ qã¨~Î }° =∂#=Ú?
107. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ crÜ«∞ QÆ∞~°∞ÅÎ #∞ qã¨‡iOz xi‡OKÕ qã¨~Î } ° =∂#O?
108. JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞O #∞O_ç fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ∞ "≥Ú`«OÎ ^ÕxH˜ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO@∞Ok?
[. ''0—— (ã¨∞#fl)
109. QÆ∞~°∞ÅÎ #∞ qã¨‡iOz, ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ #∞Oz qq^èŒ JOâßÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ∞ JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∂xfl U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
110. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å<åxH˜ =∞~˘Hõ ¿Ñ~°∞?
[. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ qK«Å#=Ú
111. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}∞ÅÖ’ =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å# QÆ}#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
∑ ldxl
[. N
112. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å<åxfl ã¨Q@Æ ∞`À ÉèÏyOz# Z_»ÅX nxx á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û?
[. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å# QÆ}Hõ=Ú
113. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HÍxH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
MD =
(ÖË^•) =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú (ÖË^•) ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
114. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ Ö’ÑÖ?
[. crÜ«∞ zÇ¨flÅ∞ =keÃÑ@∞ì@, crÜ«∞ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ^» ∞Œ
„áê=∂}˜
áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú / H„ =õ ∞ qK«Å#=Ú
115. 1893Ö’ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Ö<åxfl „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\˜#ì k?
[. HÍ~ü¡ Ñ≤Ü∞« ~üã<¨ £
116. qãÎ̈~}° =∂<åÖ’¡ JkèHOõ QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕk Ju ãÖ`«$Ñ≤HÎ ~õ "° ∞≥ #ÿ qãÎ̈~}
° =∂#O Uk?
[. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
117. JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú#∞O_ç fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ, =~åæÅ, JOHõ=∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú =~°=æ ¸ÖÏxfl D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
z~°Orq 110 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
118. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxH˜ =∞~˘Hõ ¿Ñ~°∞?
[. =¸Å=∞^Œº=∞ =~°æ qK«Å#=Ú (ÖË^•) =∞^èºŒ =~°æ qK«Å# =¸ÅO (Root - Mean Square deviation)
119. ZÅ¡ÑÙ¨ Ê_»∂ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú #∞Oz =∂„`«"∞Õ á⁄O^ŒQeÆ Qˆ qãÎ̈~} ° =∂#=Ú?
[. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
120. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’, „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ}#‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O?
[. ( σ = „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxH˜ QÆ∞~°∞)Î

121. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « „âı}Ö˜ ’ ^ŒQ~æÆ ° Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ}#‰õΩã¨∂„`«O?
[.
122. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# ™ê¿ÑHõΔ =∂<åxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?

[. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú.
123. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HÍxfl 100 KÕ ÃÇÏzÛ¿ãÎ =KÕÛk?
[. qK«~}° QÆ∞}HõO (Co-efficient of variation)
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
CV = ˛ 100
⎤ x d ∑ ⎡ x d%
2 JOHõ=∞^Œe
2 2i.r8a6v= σl=±2 σ
cx∑nd7a∑
2º=∞=Ú x
− = =σσ==D DS
⎥ ⎢
124. A, B J<Õ 2K«Å~åâ◊√⎦ÅÖ’N A⎣ HõNO>ËNB K«Å~åt qKå~°} QÆ∞}HõO `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO>Ë ã≤~÷ `° fi« O Uq^èOŒ QÍ LO_»∞#∞?
[. B ã≤~÷ `° fi« O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞#∞.
QÆ=∞xHõ : qKå~°} QÆ∞}HÍxH˜,ã≤~÷ `° åfixH˜ qÖ’=∞ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO_»∞#∞. qK«~}° O ÃÑiˆQH˘nÌ ã≤~÷ `° fi« O `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞.
125. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# =~åæxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. qãÎ̈ $u (Variance). Variance =
126. U ã¨Q@Æ ∞ #∞O_ç fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ∞ Hõx+ì̈OQÍ LO_»∞#∞?

127. XHõ ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ ~ˆ YÖ’ JOHõ=∞^•ºxH˜ ± XHõ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl KÕiÛ`Õ P ~ˆ Y qã‘~Î =‚° ÚÖ’ QÆÅ JOâßÅ∞
[.
128. XHõ ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ ~ˆ YÖ’ JOHõ=∞^•ºxH˜ ± 2 „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åefl KÕiÛ`Õ P ~ˆ Y qã‘~Î =‚° ÚÖ’ QÆÅ JOâßÅ∞
[. x ± 2σ= 95.45%
129. XHõ ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~YÖ’ JOHõ=∞^•ºxH˜ ± 3 „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åefl KÕiÛ`Õ P ~ˆ Y qã‘~Î =‚° ÚÖ’ QÆÅ JOâßÅ∞
[. x ±3σ=99.73%
z~°Orq 111 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
130. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#=Ú, „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=ÚÖ’ Z#fl= =O`«∞QÍ LO@∞Ok?
[. 2/3 =O`«∞ (0.6745)
131. ~Ô O_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= „QÆ∂Ñ¨ÙÅ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl ÖˇH¯õ QÆ_`ç Õ ^•xfl U q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. L=∞‡_ç „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
132. L=∞‡_ç „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ}#‰õΩLÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O
[.
133. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#O, „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ Z#fl= =O`«∞ LO@∞Ok?

[. ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 4/5 =O`«∞ (0.7979)
ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y :
134. qãÎ̈~}
° #∞ ~ˆ MÏ`«‡HõOQÍ J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕÜ∞« _®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ Qˆ Ñ¨_Õ =„Hõ̂~Y?
[. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y
135. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y Z=i ¿Ñ~°∞`À =Ú_»Ñ_¨ ç LOk?
[. =∂H±û F.ÖÏÔ~O*ò
136. ÖÏÔ~O*ò "≥Ú^Œ\ Q˜ Í ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y#∞ U ÑÖÑ≤}© q=~åÅ#∞ `≥e¿ÑO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞?
[. ãÖÑ¨^†Œ 2P^•Ü« ∞=Ú
d N + 2 d1N + 2 σ2 N + 2σ1N
137. 2 2
ãÖz`« âß`åÅ =„Hõ1 2
~ˆ Y Jx
2 N + 1N
) 2,1σ ( Percent curve)
^ÕxH˜1¿Ñ~°∞? =(Cumulative
[. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y
138. ã¨=∞qÉèÏ[# ~ˆ Y‰õΩ, ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°O ÃÑiˆQH˘nÌ
[. qãÎ̈~}
° JO`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#fl^Œx J~°=ú Ú.
139. yh QÆ∞}HÍxfl QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
x
[. yh QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú ´ x+y
QÆ=∞xHõ : ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ̂~Y‰õΩ, ã¨=∞ÑÖÑ≤}© ~ˆ Y‰õΩ =∞^èºŒ LO_Õ „áêO`åxfl X QÍ#∂, ÖÏÔ~O*ò ~ˆ Y‰õΩ kQÆ∞=#
LO_Õ „áêO`åxfl y QÍ#∂ QÆ∞iÎ™êÎ~∞° .
"≥·+¨=∞º=Ú :
140. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=Ú ã¨Q@Æ ∞‰õΩ W~°∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ ÖÏ ã¨=∂#OQÍ qãÎ̈iOz LO>Ë ^•xx U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=ÚJO\Ï~°∞?
[. ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊=Ú JO\Ï~°∞.
141. XHõ qÉèÏ[#=Ú ™œ+ì̈=OQÍ ÖË#Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ ^•xx U=∞x Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. J™œ+ì̈= qÉèÏ[#=Ú/ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
z~°Orq 112 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
142. ™œ+¨=ì qÉèÏ[#=ÚÖ’ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èOŒ U q^èOŒ QÍ LO@∞Ok?
[. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ´ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
143. ™œ+¨=ì ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl ~ˆ MÏz„`«OÖ’ K«∂Ñ≤¿ãÎ U PHÍ~°O =ã¨∞OÎ k?
[. 'ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ QÆO@— PHÍ~°O
144. ™œ+¨=ì qÉèÏ[# =„Hõ̂~Y#∞ U=∞x Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~Y ÖË^• P^Œ~≈° =„Hõ̂~Y
145. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍÖ’¡ `Õ_® L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ P qÉèÏ[<åxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. "≥+· =¨ ∞º qÉèÏ[#=Ú
146. "≥+· =¨ ∞º qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ ~ˆ Y U q^èOŒ QÍ LO@∞Ok?
[. ~ˆ Y‰õΩ U^À XHõ z=~° >ˇ~ÚÖò (`ÀHõ) Hõ#|_»∞`«∞Ok.
147. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O qÅ∞=, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ HõO>ËZ‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú?
[. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú (ÖË^•) ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú JO\Ï~°∞. (nxH˜ `ÀHõ ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ LO_»∞#∞)
148. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ qÅ∞= =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞OÅ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú?
[. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO (ÖË^•) Z_»=∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO (WHõ¯_» `ÀHõ Z_»=∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ LO@∞Ok)
149. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O > =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú > ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ J<Õk ^Õxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú
150. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O < =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ^Õxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú.
151. ã¨Q@Æ ∞Å P^è•~°OQÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ |_Õ "≥+· =¨ ∂ºxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. „Ñ¨^=Œè ∞ "≥+· =¨ ∞º =∂<åÅ∞ JO\Ï~°∞.
152. K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ P^è•~°OQÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ |_»¤ "≥+· =¨ ∞º =∂<åÅ#∞ U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. kfifÜ«∞ "≥+· =¨ ∞º =∂#=ÚÅ∞
153. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú, ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍÅ∞ =∞^èºŒ ^Œ∂~°O P^è•~°OQÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ |_ç# HÍ~ü¡ Ñ≤Ü∞« ~°û<£ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºQÆ∞}HõO Uk?
JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O – ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
[. HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü ≤ ∞« ~°û<£ "≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HõO (SK ) ´
p
154. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ x~°fiK«#O ãïQÍ ÖË#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ HÍ~ü¡ Ñ≤Ü∞« ~°û<£ ã¨∂„`«O Uk?
[. 3 JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O – 3 =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú
„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#=Ú
z~°Orq 113 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
155. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 120, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 115, „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 10 J~Ú#KÀ SK ZO`«? p
3 × 120 − 3 × 115 15
⇒ = =1.5(or)
10 10
[. 3(120 − 115) 15
⇒ = =1.5
10 10
156. ™œ+¨=ì qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èOŒ U q^èOŒ QÍ LO@∞Ok?

[. kQÆ∞=, ZQÆ∞= K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ∞ =∞^ŒºQÆ`åxH˜ ã¨=∂# ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ LO\Ï~Ú.
157. É∫ÖË "≥+· =¨ ∞º QÆ∞}HÍxH˜LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
Q + Q1 − 2Q 2
[. SK B = 3
Q3 − Q1
158. ™œ+¨=ì =„Hõ~ˆ Y H˘#`Õe L#fl^•? K«^∞Œ #∞QÍ L#fl^•? Jx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« ÅHõ}
Δ Ïxfl U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. Hõ‰õΩ^Œ`«fiO
ã¨∂pãÖYºÅ∞
159. qq^è*Œ Ï`«∞Å‰õΩ K≥Ok# 2 „âı}∞Å#∞ áÈÅÛ_®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å#∞ U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
[. ã¨∂pãÖYºÅ∞
160. "≥Ú@ì"Ú≥ ^Œ\ ˜ ã¨∂pãÖYº QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOz#"å_»∞?
[. W@b ^Õâ◊ã¨∞÷_≥·# ''HÍs¡——
161. "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ ã¨∂pãÖYºÅ#∞ "Õ\ x˜ H˘eKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOzi?
[. „^Œ=º qÅ∞=Ö’x =∂~°∞Ê
162. 1838Ö’ ã¨∂p^è~Œ Å° ∞ J<Õ Ñ¨^•xfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz#k?
[. áÈ~°~ì ü
163. ã¨∂pãÖYº J<Õ Ñ¨^•xfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz#k?
[. r"å<£û
164. Pi÷Hõ ÉèÏ~°q∞`«∞Å∞ (Economic Barometers) Jx "Õ\ x˜ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞
165. XHõ xs‚`« HÍÅOÖ’ QÆÅ =ã¨∞Î ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ , P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ QÆÅ =ã¨∞Î ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ QÆÅ x+¨ÊuÎx U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
P1
[. ™ê¿ÑHõΔ ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p P01 =
P0
166. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏxH˜, P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏxH˜ QÆÅ x+¨ÊuÎx U=∞O^Œ∞~°∞?
Q1
[. ™ê¿ÑHõΔ Ñï=∂} ã¨∂p Q01 =
Q0
z~°Orq 114 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
167. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}OÖ’ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Uk?
[. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
168. ã¨∂pãÖYº x~å‡} Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å#∞ Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OK«=K«∞Û#∞?
[. 2. 1) ÉèÏ~°~Ç° Ï≤ `« ã¨∂p 2) ÉèÏi`« ã¨∂p
169. ÉèÏ~°~Ç° Ï≤ `« ã¨∂px =∞~°ÖÏ Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí OK«=K«∞Û?
[. 2. 1) ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤Ñì ^¨ uúŒ 2) ™ê=∂#º ™ê¿ÑHΔ̃HÍÅ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ .
170. ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ ã¨∂px QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
∑P
[. P01 = 1 ×100
∑ P0
171. ™ê=∂#º ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ∞ ã¨Q@

Æ ∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ ã¨∂px QÆ}O˜ KÕã∂¨ „`«O
⎡P ⎤
Σ ⎢ 1 ×100⎥
P
[. P01 = ⎣ 0 ⎦
N
172. ÉèÏi`« ã¨∂pãÖYºÅ#∞ Zxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ =sæHiõ ™êÎ~∞° ?
[. 2. 1) ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì ã¨∂p 2) ÉèÏi`« ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ
0QO1PQÍ∑ fã¨
173. P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°O Ñï=∂}Ïxfl001Éè×Ïi`« = ∞‰õPΩx ã¨∂px ~°∂á⁄OkOz# QÆ}ÏOHõ"`
Õ ?Î«
10
0Q0P ∑
[. ÖÏãπ¿ÑÜ«∞~ü
174. =~°=Î ∂# ãÖ=`«û~°O Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx ã¨∂px ~°∂á⁄OkOz# QÆ}ÏOHõ=`Õ?Î
∑ P1Q1
[. áêjÛ P01 = ×100
∑ P0Q1
175. ÖÏãπ¿ÑÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ ™ê=∂#º JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞"Õ∞ Z=i ã¨∂pãÖYºQÍ Ñ≤Å=|_»∞`«∞Ok?

L+P
[. _Àiƒãπ É∫ÖË P01 =
2
176. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº ÖÏãπ¿ÑÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ U ã¨Q@ Æ ∞QÍ Ñ≤Å==K«∞Û?
[. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
177. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂px P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂pQÍ Ñ≤Å=_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O?
[. Wk HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõÅΔ #∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° K«∞#∞.
– ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ÅÖ’ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O P^è•~°OQÍ QÆ}O˜ K«|_»∞#∞.
– „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î ,« P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok.
– Jxfl~°HÍÅ Ñ¨HáΔõ ê`åÅ‰õΩ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO_»∞#∞ (It is free from bias)
z~°Orq 115 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
178. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p ã¨∂„`«"∞Õ k?
∑ P1Q0 ∑ P1Q1
[. P01 = × ×100
∑ P0 Q0 ∑ P0 Q1
179. ''P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~åxfl „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«û~åxfl `å~°∞=∂~°∞ KÕã≤ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞ Hõ#∞H˘¯O>Ë Jq XHõ^•xH˘Hõ\ ˜
=Ùº¢`¯« =∂Å∞QÍ LO_®e—— J<Õ xÜ«∞=∞O U Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞.
[. HÍÅÑï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ
180. P X P = 1 J<Õ ã¨∂„`«O U Ñ¨sHõ‰Δ Ωõ K≥Ok#k?
01 10
[. HÍÅÑï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ
181. '^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p, Ñï=∂}ÏÅ ã¨∂p Å|úO qÅ∞=Ö’x =∂~°∞Ê‰õΩ ã¨=∂#O— J<Õ xÜ«∞=∞O U Ñ¨sHõ‰Δ Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz#k?
[. HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ.Δ
182. HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ K«∂¿Ñ ã¨∂„`« xÜ«∞=∞O Uk?
∑ P1Q1
[. P01 X Q01 = ∑ P Q
0 0
183. ã¨~∞° ¯ ºÅ~ü >ˇãxìπ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤Î ÑïKÕ ã¨∂„`«O Uk?

[. ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ (ÉèÏ~°~Ç° Ï≤ `«) =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤~÷ ° ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ
184. ã¨~∞° ¯ ºÅ~ü >ˇã#ìπ ∞ ã¨∂zOKÕ xÜ«∞=∞O Uk?
[. P10 X P12 X P20 = 1
W
VPP∑
∑
185. =∂~°¬Öò – Z_£̊=~üÎ ã¨∂p ãÖYº0000ã¨11×∂×„`«WV"∑∞Õ ∑k?==1100P
∑ P1 (Q0 + Q1 )
[. P01 = × 100 (Wk‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î ,« P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ fã¨∞H˘<≥#∞)
∑ P0 (Q0 + Q1 )
186. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}ÏxH˜ HÔ b¡ ã¨∂zOz# ã¨∂„`«O Uk?

∑ P1Q ⎛ Q0 + Q1 ⎞
[. P01 = ×100 ⎜∴ Q = ⎟
∑ P0Q ⎝ 2 ⎠
187. HÔ b¡ã∂¨ p x~å‡} Ñ¨ûúŒ H˜ =∞~˘Hõ ¿Ñ~°∞?

[. ã≤÷~°ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨^Œúu.
188. ÉèÏi`« ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ ã¨∂p x~å‡}ÏxH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O?
P1
[. P = ^è~
Œ Å° ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ∞ P0
ÖË^• W = Value of weights (P0 Q0)
189. r=# =ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂pH˜ =∞~˘Hõ¿Ñ~°∞?

[. r=# ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p (ÖË^•) qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞x ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
z~°Orq 116 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
190. r=# =ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂px xi‡OKÕ Ñ¨^`úŒ ∞« Å∞ Uq?
2... 1. ã¨q∞+≤ì =ºÜ«∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ
2. ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥\˚ òÑ^¨ uúŒ
191. ã¨q∞+≤ì =ºÜ«∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ r=#=ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂p QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O Uk?
∑ P1Q0
[. P01 =
∑ P0 Q0
192. ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥\˚ ò Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ r=#=ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂p QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨∂„`«O Uk?
∑ PV
[. P01 =
∑V
193. β2 > 3 J~Ú`Õ P =„Hõ̂~Y U Hõ‰Ωõ ^Œ`fi« O Hõey LO_»∞#∞.

[. Lepto Kurtic
194. J~Ú`Õ P =„Hõ̂~Y U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ Hõ‰Ωõ ^Œ`fi« O Hõey LO_»∞#∞?

[. Meso Kurtic
ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒO
195. ~Ô O_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K◊Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥e¿Ñ QÆ}ÏOHõ ™ê^è<Œ åxfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ . L^• : =º‰õΩÅÎ ∞ Z`«∞‰Î Ωõ ,|~°3∞=Ù‰õ
Ω ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO@∞Ok.
= 2β
196. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ, |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞ ^Õx P^è•~°OQÍ qÉèlí OÑ¨|_»∞#∞?
[. K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∂ˆ~ kâ◊#∞ |\˜ì
197. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å« ~åâ◊√Å∞ XˆH kâ◊QÍ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ãÎ P ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú. L^• : ^è~Œ ° ÃÑiy`Õ ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü ‰õÄ_® ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@.
198. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ XHõ^•xH˜ XHõ\ ˜ =ºuˆ~Hõ kâ◊Ö’ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ãÎ ( XHõ K«~~° åt ÃÑiy`Õ ~Ô O_Àk `«Q∞Æ @ æ ) Jk U
~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ#ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒ=Ú?
[. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú (L^• : ^è~Œ ° ÃÑiy`Õ _ç=∂O_£ `«Q∞Æ @ æ )
199. ™ê=∂#º, áêH˜HΔ ,õ |Ç¨ïà◊ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ J<Õq U JOâ◊O P^è•~°OQÍ qÉèlí OK«|_ç#k?
[. =∞#O J^èºŒ Ü«∞O KÕ¿ã K«Å~åâ◊√Å ãÖYºÃÑ#·
200. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^è•xfl Ñïje¿ãÎ ^•xfl U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ Jx Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
[. ™ê=∂#ºã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú (Simple co-rrelation)
201. =¸_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕÜÚ« @ U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ?
[. áêHΔ̃Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ QÍx, |Ç¨ïà◊ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ QÍxHÍ=K«∞Û.
202. =¸_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K°Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^è•xfl UHõHÍÅOÖ’ J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕ¿ãÎ Jk U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú?
[. |Ç¨ïà◊ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú. L^• : =~°¬áê`«O, Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞, ÑÖ@ kQÆ∞|_çÃÑ· „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O K«∂Ñ¨Ù#∞.
z~°Orq 117 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
203. ~Ô O_»∞ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å~åâ◊√Å#∞ QÆ∞iÎOz#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© W`«~° K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ ã≤~÷ O° QÍ L<åflÜ«∞x ÉèÏqOz ~Ô O_»∞ K«~~° åâ◊√Å∞
=∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^è•xfl J^èºŒ Ü«∞#OKÕ¿ãÎ Jk U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú?
[. áêHΔ̃Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
204. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ =º`åºãÖ „Ñü™ês ã≤~÷ ° x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ LO>Ë "å\˜ =∞^èºŒ L#fl ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
[. ã¨~à° ~ˆ◊ MÏ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
205. XHõ K«Å~åtÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê#‰õΩ ~Ô O_»= K«Å~åtÖ’x =∂~°∞Ê ã≤~÷ ° x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ ÖËx Z_»Å Jk U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú?
[. =„Hõ ~ˆ vÜ«∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
206. "åºÑ¨# Ñ¨@OÖ’ aO^Œ∞=Å "åºÑ¨# „Hõ=∞=Ú T~°fiú kâ◊QÍ Z_»=∞ #∞O_ç ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ ÃÑH· á˜ È`Õ U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl
`≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
207. "åºÑ¨# Ñ¨@OÖ’ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ "åºÑ¨# „Hõ=∞=Ú J^èÀókâ◊QÍZ_»=∞ #∞O_ç ‰õΩ_çH˜ „HÕkH˜ ky`Õ Jk U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ
ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
208. "åºÑ¨# Ñ¨@OÃÑ· QÆ∞iÎOK«|_»¤ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞ XHõ „Hõ=∞Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ "åºÑ¨#O K≥O^Œ‰Ωõ O_® Ñ¨@O JO`å qãÎ̈iOz LO>Ë
P K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ k?
[. P ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ ZÖÏO\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ ÚÖË^∞Œ . n<Õfl ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è~Œ åÇ≤Ï`«º=Ú JO\Ï~°∞.
(No correlation)
209. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ˆ MÏ z„`«Ñ@ ¨ OÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ydK«xÅd~åâ◊
∑ √Å‰õΩãÖ|OkèOz# ~
ˆ YÅ∞ ã¨=∂O`«~O° QÍ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ãÎ "å\˜ =∞^èºŒ
=r
ã¨Ç¨ÏãÖ|O^èŒ=Ú? yσ xσN
[. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
210. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ˆ MÏ z„`«Ñ@ ¨ OÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# ~ˆ YÅ∞ Jaè=ÚYOQÍ XHõ ^•xH˜ XHõ\ ˜
=ºuˆ~Hõkâ◊Ö’ Ñ¨Ü∞« x¿ãÎ "å\˜ =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ?
[. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
211. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl ãÖMÏº~°∂ÑÖÖ’ K≥ÑÊ¨ _®xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= "å_»∞HõÖ’#∞#fl ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú?
[. HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü≤ ∞« ~üã<¨ £ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú.
212. HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~üã<¨ £ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ ã¨∂„`«O?
[.
213. HÍ~ü¡ Ñ≤Ü∞« ~°û<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO { qÅ∞= =¿ãÎ U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ?
[. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
214. HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~°û<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ZÅ¡ÑÙ¨ Ê_»∂ U qÅ∞=Å =∞^èºŒ LO_»∞#∞?
[. -1, { 1Å =∞^èºŒ LO_»∞#∞ (±1)
215. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ¿ã¯Öò, =¸Å=Ú =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ^Œ∞?
[. It is Independent of change of scale and origin.
z~°Orq 118 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
216. ãÖÉèÏ=º`å ^À+Ö QÆ}# ^ÕxH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° ?
[. HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü
≤ ∞« ~°û<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO „áê=ÚYºO. ^•x P^è•~° Ü≥∂QÆº`«#∞ Hõ#∞HÀ¯=_®xH˜.
217. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ãÖÉèÏ=º`« ^À+Ö U q^èOŒ QÍ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ?
[.
218. QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ q+¨Ü∂« Å∞ J~Ú# JO^ŒKO« ^•Å∞, `≥eq`Õ@Å∞,hux*Ï~ÚfÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜ JOâßÅ =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl
QÆ}O˜ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ Õ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú?
[. HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú
219. HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HÍxfl Hõ#∞Q˘#flk?
[. KåÔ~ã¡ π Z_»fi~ü¤ ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ – 1904 („a@<£)
220. ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HÍxH˜ ã¨∂„`«O?
2 2
[. R =1 − 6 ∑ d (or) 1 − 6 ∑ D
N(N 2 − 1 N3 − N
221. ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜ãÇ¨ Ï¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HÍxfl U JHõ~Δ O° `À ã¨∂z™êÎ~∞° ?
[. "Rho"(p)
222. ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ HÀ\˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú U~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ „âı}∞Å‰õΩ =iÎã∞¨ OÎ k?
[. =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ „« âı}∞Å‰õΩ =∂„`«"∞Õ .
⎞ 2 −1⎛ N − C 2
223. „âı}Ö˜ ’ „Ñü JOâ◊ÑÙ¨ qK«⎟⎠ År<åxfl
⎜ ^•x =ÚO^Œ
⎝ 5476.0 = r f±o∞=EJOâ◊
N
C =Ú #∞O_ç QÆ∞iÎOz ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl QÆ}O
P
˜ KÕ Ñ¨ûúŒ Uk?
[. ™ê~°∂Ñ¨º qK«Å<åÅ Ñ¨ûúŒ N
224. ™ê~°∂Ñ¨º qK«Å<åÅ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ã¨∂„`«O?

[.
225. R=+1 J<Õk U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
226. R = –1 J<Õk U ~°H" õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú.
227. R = 0 J~Ú#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ U~°H" õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞?
[. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖË^xŒ J~°=÷ Ú.
228. Co-efficient of determination #∞ Uq^èO Œ QÍ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ?
[. r2
229. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 0.9 J~Ú`Õ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ x~å÷~}
° Ï QÆ∞}HõO ZO`«?
[. 0.81.
z~°Orq 119 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
QÆ`« ZÑ≤ÑZ≤ ãπã,≤ Ü«ÚÑ≤Zãπã≤ Ñ„ â¨ ßflÑ¨`„ åÅÖ’x Ñ„ â¨ fl◊ Å∞ – ã¨=∂^è•<åÅ∞

1. XHõ „âı}Ö˜ ’ =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « ÑïjÅ#Å∞ ∑ x ´ 25 =∞iÜ«Ú N = 4 J~Ú#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ ^•x ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qÅ∞= nxH˜ ã¨=∂#O
(„QÆ∂Ñπ 2– 2005) (1)
(1). 6.25 (2). 5.50 (3). 6.10 (4). 6.50
2. 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34 J<≥_„ç âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« qÅ∞= („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005) (4)
(1). 15 (2). 31 (3). 27. (4). 29
3. 2, 3, 4Å Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005) (1)
(1). 3.0 (2.77) (2). 3.27 (3). 4.0 (4). 4.5
4. d ´ 200 =∞iÜ«Ú N = 8 J~Ú#Ñ¨Ù_»∞„Hõ=∞qK«Å#O qÅ∞= ^ÕxH˜ ã¨=∂#O („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005)
2
(3)
(1). 3.0 (2). 4.0 (3). 5.0 (4). 6.0
5. 4, 16 Å *Ïºq∞fÜ«∞ =∞^Œº=∞O („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005) (1)
(1) 8.0 (2) 7.5 (3) 5.5 (4) 7.0
6. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O > =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« > ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ LO>Ë =KÕÛ ~ˆ Y („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005) (2)
(1) ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ JÃã+· =ì̈ ~ˆ Y (2) ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ J™œ+ª̈= ~ˆ Y (3) ™ê^è•~°}~ˆ Y (4) ™œ+ª̈= ~ˆ Y
7. ~Ô O_»∞ „âı}∞Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO qÅ∞= - 0.5 J~Ú`Õ x~åú~} ° QÆ∞}HõO qÅ∞= („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005)
(1). -0.25 (2).-0.7 (3). {0.25 (4).{0.7 (3)
P + 1∑
P
8. XHõ Jã¨fi`«O„`« K«ÖÏOHõ=Ú, 2 ã¨fi`«O0„`«01K«×ÖÏOHÍÅ
0
=∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è•xflÖˇH¯˜ ¿ãÎ ^•xx WÖÏ JO\Ï~°∞ ( 4 )
0P ∑
(1). ™ê^è•~°} ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ (2). ã¨fiÜ«∞OKåÅHõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005)
(3). „âı}˜ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ (4). |Ç¨ïà◊`fi« ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
9. XHõ "åºÑ¨Hõ Ñ¨@OÖ’x Jxfl aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∂ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ „ÑüQÆ=∞#ˆ~YÃÑ· LO>Ë K«ÖÏOHÍÅ#∞ WÖÏ ÉèÏq™êÎ~°∞
(1). ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ QÍ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ HõÅq (2). |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ HõÅq („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005)
(3). ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ â◊¥#ºO (4). K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èOŒ â◊¥#ºO (1)
10. P =∞iÜ«Ú P =~°∞ã¨QÍ P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°, „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `
0 1
Î « ãÖ=`«û~° ^è~Œ Å° ∞ã¨∂z™êÎ~Ú.
ã¨∂p ãÖYº#∞xi‡OK«_®xH˜LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ™ê^è•~°} ã¨q∞+≤Ñª ^¨ uúŒ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ã¨∂„`«O („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005) ( 2 )
∑ P1 ∑ P1 P1 + P0
1. 2. ×100 3. ×100 4. ×100
∑ P0 P0 ∑ P1
11. r=# =ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂zHõ D Ñ¨ûúŒ ^•fi~å ÖˇH¯˜ ™êÎ~∞° („QÆ∂Ñπ 2 – 2005) (2)
1. ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ 2. ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥@
˚ ∞ Ñ¨ûúŒ 3. x["Õ`#« Ñ¨ûúŒ 4. Q˘Å∞ã¨∞ P^è•~°Ñ^¨ uúŒ .
12. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ J™œ+ª̈=OQÍ L#fl XHõ ÑÖÑ≤}© D Ñïã≤u÷ Ö’ LO_»_O» [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005)( 4 )
1. K«ÖÏOHõ=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞=Å áœ#óÑÖÑ≤}© `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
2. K«ÖÏOHõ=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ JkèHõ qÅ∞= áœ#ó ÑÖÑ≤}˜ JkèHOõ QÍ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
3. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»@O 4. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞=∞^ŒºQÆÒ« HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»@O
z~°Orq 120 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
13. ~Ô O_»∞ K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ qÖ’=∞ ãÖ|O^èOŒ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO qÅ∞= nx =∞^ŒºÖ’ LO@∞Ok
(<å<£QlÆ >ˇ_£ – 2005) (2)
1. 0 =∞iÜ«Ú 1 2. 0 =∞iÜ«Ú -1 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú -1 4. 0 =∞iÜ«Ú < – 1
14. XHõ ÑïÑ¨Ó~°‚ ™œ+¨=ª ÑÖÑ≤}© D ã≤u÷ Ö’ =ã¨∞OÎ k (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (1)
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HÍÅ∞ XˆHqÅ∞=Hõey L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
2. ÑÖÑ≤}© ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO J™œ+ª̈=OQÍL#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ 3. ÑÖÑ≤}© |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõO J™œ+ª̈=OQÍ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
4. ÑÖÑ≤}© ã¨=∂#OQÍ L#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
15. áêâıÛ ã¨q∞+≤ª ^è~Œ ° ã¨∂zHõ D „HÕk ÉèÏ~åÅÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (2)
1. P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}O 2. WzÛ# ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}O (Given year quantity)
3. WzÛ# ãÖ=`«û~°O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Ñï=∂}O 4. ÃÑ=· hfl
16. XHõ ™ê=∂#º ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ Ö’ r D „HÕk ^Õxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005)
2
(1)
1. "≥Ú`«OÎ Ö’ qK«~} ° OÖ’ 2. QÆ∞_£<ã≥ π PÑ¶π Ñ¶\≤ ò
3. K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^èŒ ™ê÷~Ú 4. ÑïÑ¨Ó~°‚ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞Oz QÆÅ qK«Å#O
17. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO nxx H˘Å∞ã¨∞OÎ k (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (3)
1. K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ HÍ~°º – HÍ~°} ãÖ|O^èOŒ HÍ^Œ∞ 2. K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ Ñ¨~ã° Ê¨ ~° ãÖ|O^èOŒ HÍ^Œ∞
3. K«ÖÏOHÍÅ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èŒ ™ê÷~Ú =∂„`«"∞Õ 4. Ñ¨ÓiÎ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞Oz QÆÅ qK«Å#O
18. H˘xfl ãÖYºÅ∞ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ=Ú ÖË#Ñ¨Ù_»∞, D „HÕk ^•xx QÆ∞}ÕK«Ö=Ë Ú (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (2)
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 3. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú
19. XHõ ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∞OÖ’ „Ñü qÅ∞= 3KÕ QÆ∞}Õz#, ã¨Q@ Æ ∞qÅ∞= 30. JO`«‰Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qÅ∞= ZO`«?
(<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (1)
1. 10 2. 20 3. 30 4. K≥ÑÊ¨ ÖË=Ú
20. „HÕ^Œ WzÛ#ãÖYºÅ ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∞OÖ’ Uk Z‰õΩ¯= qK«~#° =Ú Hõey#k (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (2)
1). 1, 1, 1, 3 2). 5, 11, 42, 22 3). 15, 15, 15, 17 4). 7, 5, 10, 8
21. JuQÍLO>Ë qÅ∞=Å∞ nxx Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O KÕ™êÎ~Ú (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (4)
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 2. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊H=õ Ú 4. "åºÑ≤Î
22. D „HÕk"åxÖ’ U ã¨∂pãÖYº, P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ ÉèÏ~°=ÚÅ#∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yã¨∞OÎ k? (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005)
1. áê+‘ ã¨∂p 2. ÖÏ¿ãÊÜ«∞~üã∂¨ p 3. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p 4. =∂~°¬Öò Z_£=˚ ~üÎ ã¨∂p ( 2)
23. yh QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl Z_»Å (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (2)
1. Jã¨=∂#`« `«‰Ωõ ¯= 2. Jã¨=∂#`« Z‰õΩ¯= 3. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ã¨=∂#`« 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
24. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú (<å<£QÔ l>ˇ_£ – 2005) (3)
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ=Ú 2. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ=Ú
3. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ=Ú HÍx |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ=Ú HÍx HÍ=K«∞Û 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù.
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ECONOMY
25. Cumulative Percentge Curve Jx nxfl JO\Ï~°∞. (ãÖz`« âß`« =„Hõ~ˆ Y Jx ^Õxx JO^Œ∞~°∞)
(ã≤qÖòû 2007) (2)
1. Fl<£ ~ˆ Y 2. ÖÏÔ~O*ò ~ˆ Y 3. áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º |Ç¨ïÉè∞í l 4. áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º ™êO„^Œ`« ~ˆ Y
26. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ K«`∞« ~åúOHõO 27, ^•x K«`∞« ~åúOHõ qK«Å#O 17 J~Ú`Õ 3= K«`∞« ~åÌOHõO ZO`«? (ã≤qÖòû 2007) ( 2 )
1) 59 2) 61 3) 65 4) 57
27. X = 45, =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ « ´ 48 "≥+· =¨ ∞ºQÆ∞}HõO ´ -0.3 J~Ú`Õ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O ZO`«? (ã≤qÖòû 2007) (4 )
1) 20 2) 25 3) 28. 4) 30
28. áêjÛ ã¨∂p 196, Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p 210. J~Ú`Õ ÖÏã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p ZO`«? (ã≤qÖòû 2007) (3)
1) 220 2) 215 3) 225 4) 230
29. HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= Fl"£, HõO>Ë ZHõ¯= Fl<£ YO_çOK«∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ „HÕk H˘Å`« U~°Ê_»∞#∞? (ã≤qÖòû 2006) ( 1 )
1. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 2. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O 3. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 4. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
30. „HÕk~åºO‰õΩÅÖ’ R and R „âı}∞ÅÖ’ (ã≤qÖòû 2006)
1 2
(1)
R1 : a1, a2 ...... an–1 an
R2 : an, an–1 ..... a2 a1
ã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü=∞<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO
1. –1 2. –0.5 3. 1 4. 0.5
31. z = x+y =∞iÜ«Ú x, zÅ =∞^èºŒ ^è< Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LOk. J~Ú`Õ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ y =∞iÜ«Ú z Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
ZÖÏLO_»∞#∞? (ã≤qÖòû 2006) (2)
1. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO 2. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO
3. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõOHÍ=K«∞Û, ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO HÍ=K«∞Û 4. UnHÍ^Œ∞.
32. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ ~°HÍÅ∞, ÅHõ} Δ ÏÅ∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz [`«KÜ Õ ∞« O_ç (ã≤qÖòû 2006) (2)
ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ ~°HOõ ã¨Q@Æ ∞ ÅHõ}Δ O
A GM 1. z#fl qÅ∞=Å‰õΩ JkèHõ „áê^è•#º`« WK«∞Û#∞.
B HM 2. qK«Å<åÅ∞ "≥Ú`«OÎ ã¨∞<åfl‰õΩ ã¨=∂#O
C AM 3. x+¨Ê`«∞ÅÎ ∞, âß`åÅ∞ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å‰õΩãïáÈ=Ù#∞.
D Mode 4. QÆ}`˜ Ñ« ~¨ ° =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ gÅ∞HÍ^Œ∞
A B C D
1. 1 2 3 4
2. 3 1 2 4
3. 4 3 2 1
4. 3 2 1 4
33. Æ ∞ qK«Å#O ZÑ¨Ù_»∞ Hõx+ì̈OQÍ LO_»∞#∞ (Average deviation) (ã≤qÖòû 2006)
ã¨Q@ (2)
1. K«e`« =∂^Œº=∂Å ^•fi~å qK«Å<åÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ 2. A M #∞Oz qK«Å<åÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ #∞Oz qK«Å<åÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« #∞Oz qK«Å<åÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨Ù_»∞
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ECONOMY
34. "åºÑ≤HÎ ˜ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k (ã≤qÖòû 2006) (4)
1. Wk qã¨~Î } ° =∂#O#‰õΩK≥Okk 2. ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û
3. JO`«º qÅ∞=Å =Å¡ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍ^Œ∞ 4. Jxfl JOâßÅÃÑ#· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ^» ∞Œ
1) 1 =∂„`«"∞Õ 2) 1=∞iÜ«Ú2 3) 2 =∞iÜ«Ú 3 4) 1, 2 =∞iÜ«Ú 4
35. [`«KÜ Õ ∞« O_ç (ã≤qÖòû 2006) (2)
eãπì 1 (r qÅ∞=) eãπì 2 (J#∞=iÎÒ« )
A) 0.26 1. J`«ºkèHõ ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
B) –0.35 2. JÅÊ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
C) –0.89 3. J`«ºkèHõ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
D) 0.98 4. JÅÊ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
5. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖË^∞Œ .
A B C D
1. 3 1 5 2
2. 2 4 1 3
3. 2 1 5 3
4. 3 4 1 2
36. Uã¨∂p ãÖYºHÍÅÑï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõÅΔ #∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° Û#∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2006) (3)
1. ÖÏã≤ûÜ«∞~üã∂¨ p 2. áêjÛã¨∂p 3. +≤+~¨ ü ã¨∂p 4. _ÀiÊ+π É∫ÖË ã¨∂pãÖYº
37. "The sum of squares of deviation of set of values is minimum when deviation is taken about" nx#∞Oz
fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ∞ Hõx+Öì QÍ LO_»∞#∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2004) (1)
1. AM 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. HM
38. ÑÖÑ≤}© ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO ZÑ¨Ù_»∞Hõey LO_»∞##QÍ? (ã≤qÖòû 2004) (1)
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O > =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« > ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 2. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O < =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
3. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ < =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« < ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ < JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
39. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p ãÖYº „HÕk"åxx ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° Û#∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2004) (3)
1. HÍÅÑï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ 2. HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ
3. HÍÅ =∞iÜ«Ú HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ 4. Circular Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ
40. ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p QÆ}# Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =ÚYº L^ÕâÌ O◊ nxÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞@ (ã≤qÖòû 2003) (3)
1. r=# „Ñ¨=∂}O 2. |OQÍ~°∞ „^Œ=ºO 3. „^Œ=º H˘#∞QÀÅ∞â◊HÎ̃ 4. L`«ÊuÎK¿Õ ã ™ê=∞~°º÷ O
41. „HÕk"åxÖ’ ãïHÍxk Uk Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ (ã≤qÖòû 2002) (2)
1. ÖÏã≤ûÜ«∞~ü, áê+‘Å qÅ∞=Å‰õΩ =∞^èºŒ Ö’ LO_»∞#∞. 2. L, P Å JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
3. L, P Å QÆ∞} =∞^Œº=∞O 4. L = P J~Ú`Õ, L ÖËHõ P H˜ ã¨=∂#=∞QÆ∞#∞
42. U ã¨∂p HÍÅ, HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° K«∞#∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2002) (4)
1. ÖÏã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü 2. áê¿+ 3. HÔ b¡ 4. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü
z~°Orq 123 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
43. XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ z = 5 =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ 15, JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ´ 20† J~Ú`Õ P ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O (ã≤qÖòû 2002) ( 1 )
1. ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ #‰õΩ "≥+· =¨ ∞º=∞O Hõey LO_»∞#∞ 2. Z_»=∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO
3. ™œ+ª̈=O 4.™œ+ª̈=O HÍ^Œ∞, "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO HÍ^Œ∞
44. ãÖz`« áœ#ó Ñ¨Ù#º ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ QÆ}™˜ êÎO (ã≤qÖòû 2002) (3)
1. GM 2. HM 3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
45. The sumof squared deviation is the least when taken from (ã≤qÖòû 2001) (3)
1. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. AM 4. GM
46. „HÕk"åxÖ’ U H˘Å=∂#O J`«ºkèH,õ J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞=KÕ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«OHÍ^Œ∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2001) (1)
1. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 2. HM 3. S D 4. qK«~}
° QÆ∞}HõO
47. x =∞iÜ«Ú y Å ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O D q^èO Œ QÍ LOk (ã≤qÖòû 2001) (1)
x : 1,2,3,4,5 y : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
y Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
1. x „Hõ=∞ qK«Å#O#‰õΩã¨=∂#O LO_»∞#∞ 2. (x „Hõ=∞ qK«Å#O) ˛ 2
3. (x „Hõ=∞ qK«Å#O) { 2 4. (x „Hõ=∞ qK«Å#O) – 2
48. 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5Å „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O (ã≤qÖòû 2001) (1)
1. 1 2. 4 3. 0 4. á⁄O^ŒÖ=Ë Ú.
49. XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ Mean < Median < Mode J~Ú`Õ P ÑÖÑ≤}© (ã≤qÖòû 2001) (3)
1. ‰õΩ_ç"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ #‰õΩ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 2. ™œ+ª̈=O 3. Z_»=∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 4. ™œ+ª̈=O HÍ^Œ∞ "≥+· =¨ ∞‡O HÍ^Œ∞
50. qã¨~Î }
° =∂<åÅ∞ nx#∞Oz Hõ#∞Q˘# gÅ∞HÍ^Œ∞ (ã≤qÖòû 1999) (4)
1. =∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. GM
51. P^è•~° ãÖII Ñï=∂}ÏÅ∞ ÉèÏ~åÅ∞QÍ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨∂p ãÖYº (ã≤qÖòû 1999) (2)
1. áêâ‹Û 2. ÖÏã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü 3. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü 4. WPI
52. „HÕk Scatter ~ˆ MÏ z„`«O #∞Oz ã¨~Ô #· J#∞=iÎÒ« Uk? (ã≤qÖòû 2000) ( 2 )
1. x & y Å∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ Hõey L<åfl~Ú
2. x & y Å∞ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ Hõey L<åfl~Ú
3. y H˜x K«Å~åt HÍ~°}O
4. x H˜ y K«Å~åt HÍ~°}O
53. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#ºO #∞Oz Hõ#∞Q˘<Õ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (4)
1. GM 2. HM 3. z (ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ) 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
54. 10 qÅ∞=Å∞ QÆÅ x K«Å~åâ◊√Ö’¡ z=iqÅ∞"≥#· 5H˜ |^Œ∞Å∞ 4 =∂i`Õ JÑ¨Ù_»∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (4)
1. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ Å∞ `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞ 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞, ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ =∂~°^∞Œ
3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« =∂~°^∞Œ , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ `«Q∞Æ #æ ∞ 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« QÍx, ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ QÍx =∂~°^∞Œ
55. „HÕk"åxÖ’ U QÆ}ÏOHõ H˘Å`« Jxfl JOâßÅÃÑ#· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (2)
1.QD 2. HM 3. "åºÑ≤Î 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
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56. JOHõ =∞^Œº=∞O 6, „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 0.50 qK«~} ° QÆ∞}HõO (CV) ZO`«? (2)
1. 4.0% 2. 8.3% 3. 16.0% 4. UnHÍ^Œ∞
57. Meso Kurtic ÑÖÑ≤}x © WÖÏ Jx‰õÄ_® JO\Ï~°∞ (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (4)
1. QÍ=∂ ÑÖÑ≤}© 2. x ÑÖÑ≤}©
2
3. c\Ï ÑÖÑ≤}© 4. ™ê=∂#º ÑÖÑ≤}©
58. Circular Test x ãÖ`«$Ñ≤Ñ
Î i¨ KÕk (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (1)
1.™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ 2. áêâ‹Û ã¨∂p 3. ÖÏ¿ãÊÜ«∞~üã∂¨ p 4. HÔ b¡ ã¨∂p
59. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ YÖ’ yx QÆ∞}HõO WÖÏ H˘Å∞™êÎ~∞° (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (3)
Area x
1. Area y 2.
3. 4.
60. OAD ÑÖÑ≤}© yx QÆ∞}HõO ZO`«? (ã≤qÖòû 2000) (1)
1. 2.
3. 4. AAD
xDO
aO
yearaA
eerrAA
C B+D
)yC
D A
BxO
x( aerA
=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ áê~ÚO@∞¡ :
– Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõÅΔ #∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ K° ∞« @ =Å¡ Jk P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂pQÍ Ñ≤Å=|_»∞#∞.
– ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}Ïxfl ÉèÏ~°OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx QÆ}O˜ K«_"» ∞≥ Oÿ k.
– áê¿+ ã¨∂p ãÖYº, „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«~Î ° =ã¨∞Î Ñ¨ i=∂}O#∞ ÉèÏ~°OQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx QÆ}O˜ K«_"» ∞≥ #ÿ k.
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„áêH©ìãπ a\òû
61. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú J<Õk ( )
1. ™ê÷# ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ 2. QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ 3. ÃÑ· ~Ô O_»∞#∂ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
62. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« J<Õk ( )
1. ™ê÷# ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ 2. QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ 3. ÃÑ· ~Ô O_»∞#∂ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
63. qzÛù#fl „âı}∞Ö’¡ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨∂„`«O Uq∞? ( )
∑d ∑ fx ∑x
1. X=A+ 2. X= 3. 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
N N N
64. JqzÛù#fl „âı}Ö˜ ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ã¨∂„`«O ( )
∑ dx ∑ dx ∑ fdx
1. 2. X= 3. ∑ x=A+ 4. X =A + ×c
N N N
65. ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xfl „HÕkã¨∂„`«O ^•fi~å QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û. ( )

∑ fx ∑ fd ∑ fd1
1. 2. Xw= 3. X w =A + 4. X w =A + ×C
N N N
66. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú QÆ}O˜ K«∞@‰õΩ „HÕkã¨∂„`åxfl LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° . ( )

x gol f∑ ∑∑∑ ∑fx
1. . f.gco−ldxdN
w
itnA+
+ =
=
A .
M =
= .
MG
X2. G.M.= Anti log
Ni × f N + 1L = M
2 w N
N∑
w
∑fd
3. G.M.= Anti log 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
N
67. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« J#QÍ ( )
N
1. M= 2.
2
∑ fx
3. 4. M=
N
68. ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí Oz# =∂<åxfl D „HÕk q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ( )
1. â◊`åOâ◊O 2. ^ŒâßOâ◊O 3. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊O 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
69. ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 10 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí Oz# =∂<åxfl D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ( )
61.(2) 62.(1) 63.(2) 64.(4) 65.(1) 66.(1) 67.(2) 68.(3) 69.(2)
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70. ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 100 ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèlí Oz# =∂<åxfl D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ( )
71. XHõ ÑÖÑ≤}#© O^Œ∞ QÆi+ì̈ qÅ∞=‰õΩ,Hõx+ì̈ qÅ∞=‰õΩQÆÅ =º`åº™êxfl D q^èOŒ QÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. "åºÑ≤Î
72. TÇ≤ÏOz# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞#∞O_ç „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O ã¨∂„`«O Uk? ( )
2
∑ fd 2 ⎛ ∑ fd ⎞
1. σ= −⎜ ⎟ 2.
N ⎝ N ⎠
∑ d 2 ⎛ ∑ fd 2 ⎞
3. σ= −⎜ ⎟ ×C 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
N ⎜ N ⎟
⎝ ⎠
73. ™Èáê# qK«Å# Ñ¨ûúŒ ^•fi~å „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl „HÕkã¨∂„`«O ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O`À QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ( )
∑ d2 ∑ fd2 ⎛ ∑ fd ⎞2
1. σ= 2. σ= − ×C
N N ⎜⎝ N ⎟⎠
3. 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
74. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõ~ˆ Y ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O`À nxx J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕÜ∞« =K«∞Û ( )
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ HõHHõ ãõ O¨ |O^èOŒ 2.2)ã¨d∂∑p( ãÖ22ddYºÅ#∞
∑
∑
3.ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å#∞ 4. qã¨~Î }
° =∂<åÅ#∞
− =σ
= σ
75. K«Å~åâ◊√Å=∞^èºŒ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^èŒ ™ê÷N~Úxx~°NN~‚ ÚOK«∞@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ Õ qâı+¡ }¨ Uk? ( )
1. qã¨~Î }
° =∂<åÅ∞ 2.ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞ 3. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 4.ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
76. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«∞@Ö’ ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~üLÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# Ñ¨ûúŒ ( )
∑ P1Q1 ∑ P1Q
1. P01 = ×100 2. P01 = ×100
∑ P0 Q0 ∑ P0 Q
∑ P1Q0 ∑ P1Q0 + ∑ P1Q1

3. P01 = ×100 4. P01 = ×100
∑ P0 Q0 ∑ P0 Q0 + ∑ P0 Q1
77. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«∞@Ö’ áêâ‹Û (Paache) Ñ¨ûúŒ Uk? ( )

∑ P1 Q0 ∑ P1 Q1
1. P01 = ×100 2. P01 = ×100
∑ P0 Q1 ∑ P0 Q1
∑ P1 Q1 ∑ P1 Q0 ∑ P1 Q0 + ∑ P1 Q1
3. P01 = + ×100 4. P01 = ×100
∑ P0 Q1 ∑ P0 Q0 ∑ P0 Q0 + ∑ P0 Q1
70.(1) 71.(4) 72.(1) 73.(2) 74.(4) 75.(3) 76.(3) 77.(2)
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78. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ QÆ}#Ö’ É∫ÖË Ñ¨ûúŒ Uk? ( )
∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1 ∑ p1q 0 + ∑ p1 q1
1. P01 = + ×100 2. P01 = ×100
∑ p0 q0 ∑ p0 q1 ∑ p0 q 0 + ∑ p0 q1
∑ p1q0 ∑ p q
+ 11 ∑p q
3. ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1 4. P01 = 1 ×100
P01 = ×100 ∑ p0q
2
79. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞ QÆ}#Ö’ Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p Ñ¨ûúŒ Uk? ( )

∑ p1q0 + ∑ p1 q1 ∑p q
1. P01 = × 100 2. P01 = 1 ×100
∑ p0 q 0 + ∑ p0 q1 ∑ p0q
∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1
3. P01 = + ×100 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1
80. =∂~°¬Öò – Z_£̊=~üÎ Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ QÆ}#‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O ( )

∑ P1 q 0 + ∑ P1 q1 ∑ P1
1. P01 = ×100 2. P01 = ×100
∑ P0 q 0 + ∑ P0 q1 ∑ P0
∑ P1 q P
3. P01 = ×100 4. P01 = 1 ×100
∑ P0 q Q1
81. „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Uk™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ ( )

1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 2.=∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 4. QÆ}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
82. Fl"£ (Ogive) =„Hõ~ˆ Y nxx QÆ∞iÎOK«_®xH˜ ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞Ñ¨_∞» #∞ ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞=Ú 4. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞=Ú
83. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊OÖ’ Zxfl K«`∞« ~å÷OHÍÅ∞LO\Ï~Ú ( )
1. ~Ô O_»∞ 2. =¸_»∞ 3.<åÅ∞QÆ∞ 4. S^Œ∞
84. 15 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ ∞ QÆÅ `«~Q° uÆ Ö’ 5 QÆ∞~°∞ q^•º~°∞Å÷ ∞ Ñ¨sHõΔ `«ÑÊ≤ i. Ñ¨sHõÖΔ ’ LfÎ~∞° Ö‚ #·ˇ "åi =∂~°∞¯Å∞ D
q^èOŒ QÍ L<åfl~Ú. 9, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 6, 5, 4, 7 J~Ú# "≥Ú`«OÎ 15 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ZO`«?
1. 4 2. 5 3. 6 4. 7 ( )
85. "Mode" (ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ) J<Õ Ñ¨ÔŒ U ÉèÏ+¨ #∞O_ç Pq~°ƒqù OzOk? ( )
1. „ÃÑO¶ Kü 2. ÖÏ\˜<£ 3. „wH± 4. [~°‡<£
86. "åºÑ≤^Î xÕ x H˘Å∞K«∞#∞. ( )
1. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å#∞ 2. qãÎ̈~}
° =∂<åÅ#∞ 3. ã¨ÇÏ¨ –ãÖ|O^èOŒ #∞ 4. ã¨∂pãÖYºÅ#∞
78.(3) 79.(3) 80.(1) 81.(2) 82.(4) 83.(2) 84.(3) 85.(1) 86.(2)
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87. J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞= – J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞=
---------------------- J<Õ ã¨∂„`«O nxx QÆ}O˜ K«∞@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞°
J`«ºkèHõ qÅ∞=Ù { J`«ºÅÊ qÅ∞= ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î 2. "åºÑ≤Î QÆ∞}HõO 3. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HõO 4. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞
88. Lxfl ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÅÎ J=∞‡HÍxH˜ ^≥x· Hõ LëÈ‚„QÆ`‰« Ωõ U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ãÖ|O^èOŒ LO@∞Ok? ( )
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 2. ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
3. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ =ÙO_»^∞Œ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
89. =~°¬áê`«O#‰õΩ =∞iÜ«Ú ÑÖ@Å∞ ÑÖ_»∞@‰õΩ D ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ =ÙO_»∞#∞. ( )
90. ^èiŒ OKÕ ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÅÎ ~°OQÆ∞‰õΩ, ¢ãÎ‘ `≥eq`Õ@Å‰õΩ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ( )
91. rq`« c=∂ (Life Insurance) Ö’ áêÅã‘^•~°∞x =Ü«∞ã¨∞û‰õΩ Hõ@=ì Åã≤#„Ñ‘q∞Ü«∞O‰õΩ =Ù#fl ãÖ|O^èOŒ ( )
92. x~°∞^ÀºQÆ ã¨∂p (Unemployment Index) H˜ ™ê=∂#º =∂#=Ùx H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ â◊HHÎ˜ ˜ QÆÅ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ( )
93. ™ê^è•~°} Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« ÅÖ’ =ã¨∞Î ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ , ^•x _ç=∂O_»∞‰õΩ QÆÅ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ . ( )
94. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO ( )
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõOQÍ LO_»Háõ È=K«∞Û 2. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõOQÍ LO_»Háõ È=K«∞Û
3. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ =ÙO_»^∞Œ 4. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõOQÍ QÍx ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõOQÍ QÍx LO_»=õ K«∞Û
95. ''Pi÷Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞H˘eKÕ ÉèÏ~°q∞u—— (Barometers) QÍ „HÕk "åxÖ’ ^Õxx Jaè=i‚™êÎ~∞° ? ( )
1. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ 2. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 3. qã¨~Î } ° =∂#O 4. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞
96. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}OÖ’ Uk L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞. ( )
1. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
97. áêâ‹Û (Paasche) ã¨∂p ãÖYº nxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞. ( )
1. P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}O 2. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}O
3. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « =∞iÜ«Ú P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅÃÑ· 4. ÃÑ"· qÕ HÍ=Ù
87.(2) 88.(2) 89.(1) 90.(3) 91.(1) 92.(2) 93.(2) 94.(4) 95.(4)

96.(2) 97.(2)
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98. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ∞. ( )
1. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêâıÛ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 2. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêâıÛ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
3. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêâıÛ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
99. K«„H©Ü∞« Ñ¨sHõΔ P P P J<Õ 3 ã¨∂pÅ∞#flÑ¨Ù_»∞ ã¨~∞° ¯ ºÅ~ü >ˇãìπ nxx ãÖ`«$Ñ≤Î Ñ¨~∞° K«∞#∞
1 2 3
( )
1) P xP xP = 0 2) P xP xP = 1 3) P x P xP = 1 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
12 23 31 12 23 31 21 32 31
100. "Circular Test" nxx ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ ∞° K«∞#∞. ( )

1. ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì Ñ¨ûúŒ 2. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº 3. áêjÛã¨∂p ãÖYº 4. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº
101. HÍ~üÑ¡ Ü ≤ ∞« ~°û<£ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO "Õ\ ˜ "Õ\ =˜ ∞^èºŒ LO_»∞#∞? ( )
1) -2 #∞O_ç{2 2) 0#∞O_ç {1 3) -1 #∞O_ç {1 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
102. P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°O (Base period) ZÅ¡ÑÙ¨ Ê_»∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ LO_»∞#∞ ( )
1. r=# =ºÜ«∞O(cost of living) 2. qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞_»∞ (consumer)
3. HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î 4. ™ê^è•~°} (normal)
103. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛ ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ‰õΩ Uã¨Q@ Æ ∞#∞QÆ}¿˜ ãÎ Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p =K«∞Û#∞ ( )
1. Factor reversal 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O
104. ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥\˚ ò Ñ¨ûúŒ ^•fi~å D ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂pãÖYº#∞ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° ( )
1. \’‰õΩ^è~Œ Å° ∞ 2. zÅ¡~^° ~Œè Å° ∞ 3. qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ^è~Œ Å° ∞ 4.ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
105. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ Uk XÑ¨ÙÊ ( )
1. AM<GM<HM 2. AM>GM>HM 3. AM > GM > HM 4. HM > GM > AM
106. qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =~°=æ ¸ÖÏxfl Dq^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qK«Å#O 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 3. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 4. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O
107. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz fã≤# qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ( )
1) 1 2) ∞ 3) 0 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
108. Ogive is a (Fl"£ ~ˆ Y) ( )
1. áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º |Ç¨ïÉè∞í l (frequency polygon) 2. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º =„Hõ̂~Y
3. Öˇ·<£ _»Ü«∂„QÆ"£∞ (line diagram) 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
109. XHõ„âı}˜ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 10. D „âı}H˜ ˜ 5, 20 J<Õ ~Ô O_»∞K«~~° åâ◊√Å∞ J^Œ#OQÍ Hõeã≤#q. J\Ï¡O@Ñ¨C_»∞
#∂`«# „âı}Ö˜ ’ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« . ( )
1) 9 2) 20 3) 7 4) 10
110. 13 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ ∞ QÆÅ ã¨=¸Ç¨ÏOÖ’ 4 QÆ∞~°∞ Ñ¨sHõΔ `«ÑÊ≤ i. LfÎ~∞° Å‚ ∞ J~Ú#"å~°∞ =∂~°∞¯Å∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ
=Ù<åfl~Ú. 41, 57, 38, 61, 36, 35, 71, 50 =∞iÜ«Ú 40. J~Ú#KÀ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« =∂~°∞¯ ZO`«? ( )
1) 40 2) 50 3) 41 4) 38
98.(3) 99.(2) 100.(1) 101.(3) 102.(4) 103.(2) 104.(3) 105.(3)

106.(2) 107.(3) 108.(2) 109.(4) 110.(4)
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ECONOMY
111. 9 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 100. 6 QÆ∞~°∞ q^•º~°∞Å÷ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 80. J~Ú#KÀ "≥Ú`«OÎ 15 =∞Ok
L=∞‡_ç ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ ZO`«? ( )
1. 100 2. 80 3. 90 4. 92
112. XHõ ™œ+ª̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ Q = 20, Q = 40 J~Ú`Õ P ZO`« ?
1 3 50
( )
1. 40 2. 20 3. 30 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
113. XHõ ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ P = 40, P = 60 J~Ú<å =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ZO`«?
25 75
( )
1. 50 2. 40 3. 60 4. 100
114. D „HÕk ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ÅÖ’Ô~_ô"∞Õ _£ ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÅÎ ÃãA· #∞ x~°~‚ ÚOK«∞@Ö’Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # ã¨Q@ Æ ∞. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
115. =∂q∞_çÑO¨ _»¡ Ñï=∂}O x~°~‚ ÚOK«∞@‰õΩ ã¨∞=∂~°∞QÍ ã¨~Ô #· ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Uk? ( )
1. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 4. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
116. QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ JOâßÅ∞ QÆ}O˜ K«∞@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ Õ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞. ( )
1. A.M 2. GM 3. H.M. 4. Median
117. nx #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ''0——‰õΩ ã¨=∂#OQÍ =ÙO_»∞#∞. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
118. qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅ (Extreme observation) KÕ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O JÜÕ∞º ã¨Q@ Æ ∞. ( )
119. Z‰õΩ¯= ã≤~÷ `° fi« O Hõey# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Uk? (Most stable) ( )
120. 6, 3, 8, 9, 5, 7Å =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ZO`«? ( )
1. 5.5 2. 6.0 3. 6.5 4. 7
121. „HÕk ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ÅÖ’Uk QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@ Æ ∞HÍ^Œ∞. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 3. ÉèÏi`« JOHõ=∞^ŒºO4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
122. XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« , ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ã¨=∂#OQÍ =ÙO>Ë ^•xx D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞==K«∞Û.
1. ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O 2. J™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O 3. |∞∞}Ï`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 4. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO ( )
123. 5= ^ŒâßOâ◊O J#QÍ ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qK«Å#O 4. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
124. Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘Å`«Å#∞ U ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. „Ñ¨^=Œè ∞„âı}˜ 2. kfifÜ«∞ „âı}˜ 3. `«$fÜ«∞ „âı}˜ 4.ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
125. XHõ ÑÖÑ≤}Ö© ’ „Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ XHõ ã≤~÷ "° ∞≥ #ÿ ãÖYº#∞ KÕi¿ãÎ P ÑÖÑ≤}© JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O qÅ∞= =∂~°^∞Œ 2. J^Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ Ñ¨Ó~°fi JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú#‰õΩ HõÅáêe
3. J^Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú#‰õΩ fã≤"Ü Õ ∂« e 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
111.(4) 112.(3) 113.(1) 114.(3) 115.(1) 116.(4) 117.(1) 118.(1) 119.(1)
120.(3) 121.(4) 122.(1) 123.(2) 124.(1) 125.(2)
z~°Orq 131 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
126. XHõ `«~Q° uÆ ÉÏÅ∞~°∞ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 20 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞. 2 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ `«~∞° "å`« "åi =Ü«∞ã¨∞û ( )
1. q∞QÆ`åq ã≤~÷ O° 2. 18 ãÖ. 3. 22 ãÖ. 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
127. Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞ ^•fi~å D ã¨Q@ Æ ∞#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
128. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ Uk ã¨~Ô #· k HÍ^Œ∞. ( )
1. =∞^ŒºQÆ`åxfl ~ˆ MÏz„`«O ^•fi~å x~°~‚ ÚOK«=K«∞Û#∞
2. „ÑüK«Ü∞« # KåOK«ÅºOÅ‰õΩ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O JQÆ∞#∞
3. Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘`«ÅÖ’ ZÅ¡ÑC¨ _»∞ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú KåÖÏ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ H˘Å=∂#=Ú
4. q=$`åO`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ =∞^ŒºQÆ`åxfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û
129. „HÕk "åHõº=ÚÅÖ’ Uk ã¨~Ô #· k ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ''0——‰õΩ ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_»∞#∞
2. ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú ´ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
3. QÆ∞}Ï`«‡Hõ JOâßÅ x~°Ü ‚ ∞« OÖ’ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ãÔ̈~#· k 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
130. „HÕk "åxÖ’ Uk ã¨~Ô #· k. ( )
Æ ∞ÅO^Œ∞~°∞ 2. Mode #∞ˆ~MÏz„`«OÖ’ Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞ ^•fi~å K«∂Ñ¨=K«∞Û
1. Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘`«Å<Õ „Ñ¨^=Œä ∞„âı}˜ ã¨Q@
3. AM = =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ã¨=∂#OQÍ =ÙO>Ë P ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O JO^Œ∞~°∞
4. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ã¨QÉÆ Ïè QÍxflã¨∂zOK≥#∞
1) 1, 2 =∞iÜ«Ú 3 2) 2, 3 =∞iÜ«Ú 4 3) 1, 2 =∞iÜ«Ú 4 4) ÃÑ· <åÅ∞QÆ∂
131. Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«O J~Ú# ãÖYºÜÕ∞ ( )
132. K«`∞« ~å÷OâßÅ#∞ ~ˆ MÏz„`«OÖ’K«∂Ñ¨Ù@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕk. ( )
1. Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞ 2. `«‰Ωõ ¯= Fl"£ 3. Ç≤Ï™Èìi„QÍ"£∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
133. 50 â◊`åOâ◊O J#QÍ ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. 2= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊O 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
134. 5= ^ŒâßOâ◊O J#QÍ ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. 2= K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊O 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
1) 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 2) 2 =∞iÜ«Ú 3 3) 3 =∞iÜ«Ú 4 4) 2 =∂„`«"∞Õ
135. „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ãÔ̈~#· ¿ã\ì ò"∞≥ O\ò Uk ( )
1. q=$`åO`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ QÆÅ =sæH$õ `« ^Œ`åÎOâßxH˜ =∞^ŒºQÆ`åxfl QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û
2. JO`«º qÅ∞=Å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ÃÑ· =ÙO@∞Ok
3. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ZÅ¡ÑC¨ _»∂ Hˆ O„^Œ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘`«ÅÖ’ÔHÖÏ¡ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ k
4. „âı}˜ Ü«∞O^Œ∞ U^≥#· qÅ∞= `«ÑÊ≤ ##∞ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞=Ú#∞ =∞#O QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û#∞
126.(3) 127.(2) 128.(3) 129.(4) 130.(4) 131.(4) 132.(2) 133.(2) 134.(2)
135.(1)
z~°Orq 132 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
136. „HÕk"å\˜Ö’Uk QÆ}`˜ « ãÖ|O^è"Œ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ HÍ^Œ∞ ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 3. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
137. 50 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 60. J~Ú`Õ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« QÆ}O˜ z# `«~∞° "å`« XHõ q^•ºi÷ =∂~°∞¯Å∞ 75H˜ |^Œ∞Å∞
65QÍ QÆ}O˜ K«_"» ∞≥ #ÿ k Jx `≥eã≤Ok. J~Ú`Õã~Ô̈ #· =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ZO`«? ( )
1. 60 2. 61 3. 60.2 4. 58.8
138. „âı}Ö˜ ’„Ñü JOâ◊OÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ Õ qã¨~Î }
° =∂#=Ú Uk? ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 3. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
139. q=$`åO`« `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’‰õÄ_® QÆ}O˜ K«QeÆ Qˆ qãÎ̈~}° =∂#O Uk? ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
3. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#O 4. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
140. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å<åxfl ZÅ¡ÑC¨ _»∂ nx^•fi~å<Õ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
141. „HÕk"å\˜Ö’ ^Õxx Hõx+ì̈ qÅ∞=, QÆi+ì̈ qÅ∞= P^è•~°OQÍ QÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O 2. "åºÑ≤Î 3. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
142. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#O ZÑ¨C_»∂ ( )
1. S.D Hõ<åfl `«‰Ωõ ¯= 2. S.D. Hõ<åfl Z‰õΩ¯=
3. S.D. `À ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖË^∞Œ 4. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O#‰õΩ ã¨=∂#OQÍ =ÙO_»∞#∞
143. qK«~}° QÆ∞}HõO (co-efficient of variation) σx ( )
001×
σx σ
1. 2. 3. 4. ×100
x
144. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O nxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞. ( )
1. 50% HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= JOâßÅÃÑ· 2. 25% HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= JOâßÅÃÑ·
3. 25% HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= JOâßÅÃÑ· 4. =∞^èºŒ Ö’QÆÅ 50 JOâßÅÃÑ·
145. Hˆ O„^Œ ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù H˘Å`«Å#∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ∞ JOHõ=∞^ŒºO ( )
1. S.D 2. M.D (Mean Deviation) 3. qã¨Î $u 4. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O
146. JO`«~° K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ "åºÑ≤Î Zxfl JOâßÅ#∞ q∞#Ç¨~ÚOK«∞#∞? ( )
1. 50% qÅ∞=Å∞ 2. 100% qÅ∞=Å∞ 3. 25% qÅ∞=Å∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
147. "Õ\ ˜ qâ◊fiã¨hÜ«∞`«#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«∞@‰õΩ qãÎ̈~}
° =∂<åÅ#∞LÑ¨Ü∂≥ y™êÎ~∞° ( )
1. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ 2. "ÕiÜ«∞ae\© 3. =∞^ŒºQÆ`« `«~Q° uÆ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
148. JOHõ=∞^èºŒ O ± 3σ J<Õk ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~YÖ’ ZO`« qã‘~Î O‚° ( )
1. 90% JOâßÅ∞ 2. 99% JOâßÅ∞ 3. 95% JOâßÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
136.(4) 137.(1) 138.(2) 139.(4) 140.(1) 141.(2) 142.(1) 143.(4) 144.(4)

145.(2) 146.(1) 147.(1) 148.(2)
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ECONOMY
149. XHõ ™œ+¨=ì ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ Q = 25 =∞iÜ«Ú Q = 45 J~Ú# =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ZO`«?
1 3
( )
1) 20 2) 25 3) 35 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
150. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« J#QÍ ( )
1. 4= ^ŒâßOâ◊O 2. 50= â◊`åOâ◊O 3. 8= ^ŒâßOâ◊O 4. 75= â◊`åOâ◊O
151. U qãÎ̈~}° =∂#O qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅKÕ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«=∞QÆ∞#∞. ( )
1. S.D 2. Range 3. Mean Deviation 4. Q.D
152. =∞iÜ«Ú J~Ú#KÀ qK«~} ° QÆ∞}HõO (Co-efficient of Variation (CV)) ZO`«? ( )
1) 200% 2) 25% 3) 50% 4) 75%
153. qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅKÕ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O JÜÕ∞ºk. ( )
1. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 2. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊Hõ qK«Å#O 3. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#O 4. "åºÑ≤Î
154. „HÕk"åxÖ’Uk ™ê¿ÑHõΔ qã¨~Î } ° =∂#O ( )
1. qãÎ̈ $u 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 3. "åºÑ≤Î 4. qK«~} ° QÆ∞}HõO
155. 10, 12, 18, 14, 15, 7, 17, 20Å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ "åºÑ≤Î Uk? ( )
1) 9 2) 10 3) 12 4) 13
156. W=fi|_ç# JOâßÅÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ JOâßÅÃÑ· =∂„`«"∞Õ P^è•~°Ñ_¨ Õ H˘Å=∂#O Uk? ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ qK«Å#O 3.„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4. "åºÑ≤Î
157. qÑ¨s`« JOâßÅKÕ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O HÍxk ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î 2. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 0552 = σ
x3. S.D 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
158. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’„Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº K #∞HõeÑ≤`,Õ ^•x "åºÑ≤Î D q^èOŒ QÍ LO_»∞#∞ ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î WO`«‰Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞=Öˇ =ÙO@∞Ok
2. =ÚO^Œ∞ "åºÑ≤HÎ ˜ K J<Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ fã≤"Ü Õ ∂« e
3. =ÚO^Œ∞ "åºÑ≤HÎ ˜ K J<Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞HõÅáêe 4. K J<Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº‰õΩ ã¨=∂#O
159. XHõ ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ qãÎ̈~} ° ÖË#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ „HÕk"åxÖ’ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k ( )
1. JxflQÆ}`˜ ,« ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ã¨=∂#O
2. Jxfl QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ ã¨=∂#O HÍx ™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ã¨=∂#O HÍ=Ù
3. Jxfl™ê÷# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ ã¨=∂#O HÍh QÆ}`˜ « qÅ∞=Å∞ã¨=∂#O HÍ=Ù 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
° =∂#=ÚÅÖ’ ^Õxx "Root Mean Square deviation" JO\Ï~°∞
160. „HÕk qã¨~Î } ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î 2. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O 3. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qK«Å#O
161. „HÕk"åxÖ’ ^ÕxH˜ L=∞‡_ç QÆ}`˜ « qÅ∞=#∞ QÆ}O˜ K«ÖOË (cannot be combined mathematically) ( )
1. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 2. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 3. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
149.(3) 150.(2) 151.(4) 152.(3) 153.(4) 154.(4) 155.(4) 156.(4) 157.(4)

158.(1) 159.(1) 160.(3) 161.(4)
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ECONOMY
162. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ qK«Å#O ZÑ¨C_»∞. ( )
1. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O`À ã¨=∂#OQÍ =ÙO_»∞#∞
3. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
163. Ö’x JOâßÅ∞. ( )
1) 58.26%= JOâ◊O 2) 68.27%= JOâ◊O 3) 31.74%= JOâ◊O 4) 41.74%= JOâ◊O
° QÆ∞}HõO (coefficient of variation) 64 =∞iÜ«Ú JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 10 J~Ú# „áê=∂}˜Hõ
164. XHõ „âı}Ö˜ ’ qK«~}
qK«Å#O ZO`«? ( )
1) 6.4 2) 5.4 3) 7.4 4) ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
165. D „HÕk JOâ◊=ÚÅÖ’ Uk ã¨~Ô #· k? ( )
Z. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ∞ Hõx+Öì QÍ LO\Ï~Ú
a. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ Hõx+Öì
ã≤. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O x~°¿ÑHõΔ H˘Å=∂#O
_ç. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O, „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HõO ~Ô O_»∂ XˆH Ü«¸x\òÖ’ =ºHõÑÎ ~¨ K° |« _»∞#∞
1. Z, a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 2. a, ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 3. Z, a =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 4. Z, ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç
166. "åºÑ≤Î QÆ∞}HõO#∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ x~°fizOK«=K«∞Û. ( )
1. 2. 3. 4.
167. "Inter quartile Range −
±+3S
(JO`«~ü K«`∞« ~å÷O1Qâ◊σS−"åºÑ≤
Lx )Î ——x D q^èO
Q Œ QÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û. ( )
S2+
−LSL
Q3 − Q1
1. Q 3
– Q1 2. 3. Q3 + Q 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
168. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O#∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ x~°fizOK«=K«∞Û. ( )
Q3 − Q1
1. Q 3
– Q1 2. 3. Q3 + Q 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
169. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O QÆ∞}HõO D q^èOŒ QÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û#∞. ( )
Q3 − Q1
1. Q 3
– Q1 2. 3. Q3 + Q1 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
170. ^≥#· OkHõ LëÈ‚„QÆ`Å« Ö’ =º`åº™êÅ#∞ nx^•fi~å ÖˇH¯˜ ™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î 2. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊ qK«Å#O 3. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å#O 4. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
171. ™œ+¨=ì ÑÖÑ≤}© (Symmmetrial distribution) H˜ K≥Ok ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k. ( )
1. Q – =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« – Q
3 1
2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ Q { K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O
1
3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ Q – K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O

3
4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú#∞
162.(3) 163.(2) 164.(1) 165.(1) 166.(1) 167.(1) 168.(2) 169.(3) 170.(1)

171.(4)
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172. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ qK«Å#O (MD) #∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ x~°fizOK«=K«∞Û#∞. ( )
∑ f dx ∑(x i − x) 2 ∑ dx12 ∑ f1x i 2
1. 2. 3. 4. ∑f
n n n
173. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ qK«Å#O#∞ ^Õx#∞Oz ÖˇH¯˜ ™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
174. "Average deviation" #∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ ‰õÄ_® Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. Mean deviation 2. Standard deviation 3. Quartile deviation 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
175. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O#∞ ^Õx#∞O_ç ÖˇH¯˜ ™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
176. qK«~}° QÆ∞}HõO (Coefficient of variation) D q^èOŒ QÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û. ( )
Mean MD Mean SD
1. ×100 2. ×100 3. ×100 4. ×100
MD Mean SD Mean
177. XHõ ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~YÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ± 1 „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O ( x ± 1σ ) ZO`« qã‘~Î O‚° #∞ K«∂Ñ¨Ù#∞.( )
1. 68.27%= JOâ◊O 2. 95.45%= JOâ◊O 3. 99.99%= JOâ◊O 4. 99.73%= JOâ◊O
178. ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~YÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ± 2 „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O ( x ± 2σ ) ZO`« qã‘~Î O‚° #∞ K«∂Ñ¨Ù#∞. ( )
179. ™ê=∂#º =„Hõ̂~YÖ’ JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ± 3 „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O ( x ± 3σ ) ZO`« qã‘~Î O‚° #∞ K«∂Ñ¨Ù#∞. ( )
180. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO (Coefficient of correlation). ( )
1. nxH˜ Ñïq∞u ÖË^∞Œ 2. XHõ\ H˜ Oõ >Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= 3. XHõ\ ˜ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
181. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõOÖ’ QÆi+ì̈ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ qÅ∞= (Maximum Positive value). ( )
1. 0.50 2. 1.00 3. 2.00 4. QÆi+¨ì qÅ∞= ÖË^∞Œ
182. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõOÖ’ Hõx+ì̈ qÅ∞=. ( )
1. 1.00 2. 0 3. – 1.00 4. UnHÍ^Œ∞
183. ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ , _ç=∂O_£‰Ωõ QÆÅ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ . ( )
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 2. ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 3. Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
184. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ^è~Œ ‰° Ωõ , ã¨ÑÜ
¡¨ ∞ü ‰õΩ U q^ŒOQÍ LO@∞Ok? ( )
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 2. ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 3. Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ^Œ∞
185. x =∞iÜ«Ú y Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO 0.75 J~Ú# "å\˜ =∞^èºŒ U q^è"Œ ∞≥ #ÿ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ =ÙO_ç#@∞¡.
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 2. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO, HÍx ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ HÍ^Œ∞ ( )
3. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ 4. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO, HÍx ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ HÍ^Œ∞
172.(1) 173.(4) 174.(1) 175.(1) 176.(4) 177.(1) 178.(2)
179.(4) 180.(4) 181.(2) 182.(3) 183.(2) 184.(1) 185.(2)
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186. x, y Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}HõO –1.00 J~Ú# "å\˜ =∞^èºŒ ãÖ|O^èOŒ D q^èOŒ QÍ LOk. ( )
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 2. ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO HÍx ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ HÍ^Œ∞
3. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ 4. ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO HÍx ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ HÍ^Œ∞
187. D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Uk ã¨~Ô #· k. ( )
Z. ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ J#QÍ ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ `«Q∞Æ @ æ .
a. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ J#QÍ ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@.
ã≤. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√ÅÖ’x =∂~°∞Ê kâ◊, XˆH q^èOŒ QÍ LO>Ë, P ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å =∞^èºŒ ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ Hõey
L#fl@∞¡.
_ç. ~Ô O_»∞ K«Å~åâ◊√Å∞ =ºuˆ~Hõ kâ◊Ö’ =∂i`Õ, "åx =∞^èºŒ ~°∞<å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ L#fl@∞¡.
1. Z =∞iÜ«Ú a 2. a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ 3. ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç 4. Z =∞iÜ«Ú _ç
188. ~ˆ MÏ z„`«OÖ’ x, y Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ . ( )
1. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO
2. ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO
3. JkèHõ ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO
4. JkèHõ ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO
189. D „HÕ^Œ WzÛ# Ñ¨@OÖ’ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ x, y Å =∞^èºŒ U q^èOŒ QÍ =ÙOk? ( )
1. JkèHõ ^è<Œ å`«‡HõO
2. JkèHõ ~°∞}Ï`«‡HõO
3. `«‰Ωõ ¯= _ç„w ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
4. `«‰Ωõ ¯= _ç„w ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
190. „HÕk "åºÑ¨Hõ Ñ¨@O x, y Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ . ( )
1. JkèHõ _ç„w ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
2. JÅÊ _ç„w ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
3. JkèHõ _ç„w ~°∞}Ï`«‡Hõ ãÖ|O^èOŒ
4. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ ÖË^∞Œ
191. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p ãÖYºÖ’ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# ÉèÏi`«O Uk? ( )
1. q o
2. q
1
3. p
o
4. p
o
192. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü Ñï=∂} ã¨∂p ãÖYºÖ’ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz#k. ( )

1. q o
2. q
1
3. p
o
4. p
1
193. áêtÛ (Paasche's) ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p ãÖYºÖ’ ÉèÏi`«=ÚQÍ ^Õxx ã¨∂zOK«∞#∞. ( )

1. q o
2. q
1
3. p
o
4. p
1
186.(3) 187.(3) 188.(4) 189.(3) 190.(4) 191.(1) 192.(3) 193.(2)
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194. áêtÛ Ñï=∂} ã¨∂p ãÖYºÖ’ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ ^Õxx LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞. ( )
1. q o
2. q 1
3. po
4. p
1
195. P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`«OQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì ã¨∂p Uk ( )
1. Laspayre's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 2. Passche's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
3. Bowley's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 4. Fscher's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
196. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « (=~°=Î ∂# current year) ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`åÅ∞QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# ÉèÏi`« ã¨q∞+≤ì ã¨∂p
Uk? ( )
1. Laspayre's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 2. Passche's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
3. Bowley's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 4. Fscher's ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
197. ÖÏ¿ãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p, áêjÛ ã¨∂pÅ QÆ∞} =∞^Œº=∞O. ( )
1. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂zHõ 2. É∫ÖË ã¨∂zHõ 3. =∂~°¬Öò, Z_£̊=~üÎ ã¨∂zHõ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
198. „HÕk"åxÖ’ `«ÑC¨ QÍ K≥ÑÊ¨ |_ç#k. ( )
1. P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~°O ™ê^è•~°} ãÖ=`«û~°"∞≥ ÿ LO_®e
2. ™ê=∂#º ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ HõO>Ë, ÉèÏi`« ã¨∂pÅ∞ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ q =∞iÜ«Ú Z‰õΩ¯= „áêux^èºŒ O Hõey#q
3. ã¨∂p ãÖYºÅ x~å‡}OÖ’ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ÅÖ’ QÆ∞} =∞^èºŒ =∞O L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ k
4. áêjÛ `«# ã¨∂p ãÖYº x~å‡}OÖ’ P^è•~° ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ ÉèÏi`åÅ∞QÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK≥#∞
199. ™ê=∂#º ™ê¿ÑHõHΔ ÍÅ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ ã¨∂zHõ‰Ωõ ã¨∂„`«O Uk? ( )
P
∑ 1 × 100 ∑ P1 1 Q1
1. P0 2. ×100 3. ∑ ×100 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
∑ P0 N Q0
N
200. qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p nxx H˘Å=_®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞. ( )
1. zÅ¡~° ^è~Œ Å° Ö’ =∂~°∞Ê 2. \’‰õΩ ^è~Œ Å° Ö’ =∂~°∞Ê 3. ÃÑ· ~Ô O_»∂#∂ 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
201. ã¨∂p ãÖYº ^Õxx ã¨∂zOK≥#∞. ( )
1. x~°¿ÑHõ"Δ ∞≥ #ÿ =∂~°∞Ê 2. ™ê¿ÑHõ"Δ ∞≥ #ÿ =∂~°∞Ê 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. UnHÍ^Œ∞
202. ™ê^è•~°} ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨∂„`«O. ( )
P1 P0
1. ×100 2. ×100 3. 1 =∞iÜ«Ú 2 4. ÃÑ· ~Ô O_»∂
P0 P1
203. qÅ∞= ã¨∂p ãÖYº (Value Index Number) ‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O. ( )

∑ p1q1 ∑ p0q1 ∑ p1q0 ∑ p0q0
1. ×100 2. ×100 3. ×100 4. ×100
∑ p0q0 ∑ p1q0 ∑ p0q1 ∑ p1q1
204. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~üû ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p ãÖYº QÆ}#‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O. ( )

∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1
1. ×100 2. ×100
∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1
1 ⎡⎢ ∑ p1q0 + ∑ p1q1 ⎤⎥ ×100 1 ∑ p1q0 + ∑ p1q1

3. 2 ⎢ ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1 ⎥ 4. 2 ∑ p0q 0 ∑ p0q1
⎣ ⎦
194.(4) 195.(1) 196.(2) 197.(1) 198.(4) 199.(1) 200.(1) 201.(2)

202.(1) 203.(1) 204.(1)
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205. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü P^Œ~≈° ã¨∂p nx ^•fi~å á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û. ( )
∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1
1. ×100 2. ×100
∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1
1 ⎡⎢ ∑ p1q0 + ∑ p1q1 ⎤⎥ ×100 ∑ p1q 0 ∑ p1q1

3. 4. × × 100
2 ⎢⎣ ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1 ⎥⎦ ∑ p 0 q 0 ∑ p 0 q1
206. áêjÛ ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p ãÖYº‰õΩ ã¨∂„`«O. ( )

∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1
1. ×100 2. ×100
∑ p0q 0 ∑ p0q1
1 ⎡⎢ ∑ p1q0 + ∑ p1q1 ⎤⎥ ×100 ∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1

3. 4. 100 ×
2 ⎢ ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1 ⎥ ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1
⎣ ⎦
207. D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ É∫ÖË ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p ãÖYº ^Õxx `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜÚ« #∞. ( )
∑ p1q1 ∑ p1q1
1. ×100 2. ×100
∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1
1 ⎡⎢ ∑ p1q0 + ∑ p1q1 ⎤⎥ ×100 ∑ p1q0 ∑ p1q1

3. 4. 100 ×
2 ⎢ ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1 ⎥ ∑ p0q0 ∑ p0q1
⎣ ⎦
208. [`«Ñ~¨ Û° O_ç. ( )

∑ P1Q1
Z. ×100 1. =∂~°¬Öò, Z_£̊=~üÎ
∑ P0Q1
∑ P1Q0 ∑ P1Q1
a. × ×100 2. áêjÛ
∑ P0 Q0 ∑ P0 Q1
∑ P1Q
ã≤. ×100 3. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü
∑ P0Q
∑ P1 (Q0 + Q1 )
_ç. ×100 4. HÔ b¡
∑ P0 (Q0 + Q1 )
1. Z – 1, a – 2, ã≤ – 3, _ç – 4 2. Z – 2, a – 3, ã≤ – 4, _ç – 1
3. Z – 2, a – 1, ã≤ – 4, _ç – 3 4. Z – 4, a – 3, ã≤ – 2, _ç – 1
205.(4) 206.(2) 207.(3) 208.(2)
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209. D „HÕk [`«Ñi¨ z# "å\˜Ö’ Uk ã¨„Hõ=∞"≥∞#ÿ k HÍ^Œ∞. ( )
∑ p1q1
1. ×100 – ÖÏã≤ÊÜ«∞~ü
∑ p 0q1
∑ p1q 0 ∑ p1q1
2. × ×100 – Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü
∑ p 0 q 0 ∑ p 0 q1
∑ P1 q 0 + ∑ P1 q1
3. ×100 – =∂~°¬Öò
∑ P0 q 0 + ∑ P0 q1
1 ⎡ ∑ P1q 0 ∑ P1q1 ⎤
4. ⎢ + ⎥ ×100 – É∫ÖË
2 ⎣ ∑ P0 q 0 ∑ P0 q1 ⎦
210. A.M. H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïHÍxk. ( )

1. „âı}Ö˜ ’ „Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ XHõ ã≤~÷ ã° O¨ Yº#∞ HõeÑ≤`,Õ áê`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xH˜ J^Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYº#∞ KÕ~åÛe
2. „âı}Ö˜ ’ „Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYºKÕ ÃÇÏzÛ¿ã,Î áê`« JOHõ=∞^Œº=∂xH˜ J^Õ ã≤~÷ ° ãÖYºKÕ ÃÇÏzÛOKåe
3. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞Oz fã≤# qK«Å<åÅ "≥Ú`«OÎ ã¨∞#fl
4. q=$`åO`« (open ends) `«~Q° `Æ ∞« ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® A.M. #∞ QÆ}O˜ K«=K«∞Û
211. "Upward Bias" `À W|ƒOkÑ¨_Õ ã¨∂p ãÖYº Uk? ( )
1. Laspeyere's Index Number 2. Paasche's Index number
3. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
212. "Down ward Bias" `À W|ƒOkÑ¨_Õ ã¨∂p ãÖYº Uk? ( )
1. Laspeyere's Index Number 2. Paasche's Index number
3. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
213. HÍÅÑï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõΔ ~°∞A=Ù HÍ|_®ÅO>Ë. ( )
∑ P1q1
1. P 01
X P10 = 1 2. P 01
X Q 01
= ∑ P0q0
3. P X P X P = 1
01 12 20
4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
214. HÍ~°Hõ Ñï=Î# Ñ¨sHõΔ ^Õxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. ( )
∑ P1Q1
1. P 01
X P10 = 1 2. P 01
X Q01 = ∑ P Q
0 0
3. P 01
X P12 X P20 = 1 4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
209.(1) 210.(4) 211.(1) 212.(2) 213.(1) 214.(2)
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215. K«„H©Ü∞« Ñ¨sHõΔ (Circular Test) ^Õxx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù#∞. ( )
∑ P1q1
1. P 01
X P10 = 1 2. P01
X P01 = ∑ P q
0 0
3. P X P X P = 1
01 12 20
4. ÃÑ"· gÕ HÍ=Ù
216. „HÕk "åxÖ’ Ü«¸x\ò >ˇã#ìπ ∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤Î Ñ¨~K° x« ã¨∂p. ( )
1. ™ê=∂#º ã¨q∞+≤ì ã¨∂p ãÖYº 2. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº
3. É∫Öˇ ã¨∂p ãÖYº 4. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº
217. ~Ô O_»∞ qÅ∞=Å JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O, QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 10 =∞iÜ«Ú 8. J~Ú#KÀ P ~Ô O_»∞ qÅ∞=Å∞ Uq? ( )
1) 11 =∞iÜ«Ú 9 2) 12 =∞iÜ«Ú 8 3) 14 =∞iÜ«Ú 6 4) 16 =∞iÜ«Ú 4
218. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ~Ô O_»∞#∂. ( )
1. QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ 2. ™ê÷# ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞ 3. ãÖH˜+¡ ì̈ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ 4. `«~K° ∞« QÍ =KÕÛ ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
219. D „HÕk"å\˜Ö’ Uk =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ‰õΩ ã¨=∂#O J~Ú#k? ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. Q 2
4. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
220. „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ ã¨∞ÅÉè"í ∞≥ #ÿ qãÎ̈~}° =∂#O Uk? ( )
1. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O 2. =∂^èºŒ q∞Hõ qK«Å#O 3. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4. "åºÑ≤Î
221. D „HÕk ^•xx ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ [`«Ñ~¨ K° O« _ç. ( )
eãπì – 1 σσ3
22± eãπì – 2
3
4
Z. Quartile deviation 1. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ 5
= =O`«∞
a. Mean deviation 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ = =O`«∞

ã≤. 68.27% JOâßÅ∞ 3. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
_ç. 95.45% JOâßÅ∞ 4. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
5. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O
1) Z – 2, a – 1, ã≤ – 3, _ç – 4 2) Z – 1, a – 2, ã≤ – 4, _ç – 3
3) Z – 1, a – 2, ã≤ – 5, _ç – 3 4) Z – 2, a – 1, ã≤ – 3, _ç – 5
222. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x qq^èŒ `«~Q° `Æ ∞« Å ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù<åºÅ#∞ P^è•~°OQÍ KÕã∞¨ H˘x wÜ«∞|_ç# ~ˆ Y#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
1. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º ~ˆ Y (Fl"£) 2. ™Èáê# z„`«O (Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞) ( )
3. Ñ≤HÀì„QÍ"£∞ 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú#∞
215.(3) 216.(1) 217.(4) 218.(2) 219.(3) 220.(4) 221.(1) 222.(1)
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223. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x qq^èŒ JOâßÅ‰õΩ "å\˜ „áê^è•#º`«#∞|\˜ì ÉèÏ~åÅ#∞ Wã¨∂Î QÆ}# KÕÜ∞« |_ç# ã¨Q@ Æ ∞#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉèÏi`« ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ 3. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ qK«Å#O 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú ( )
224. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’x qÅ∞=Å#∞ ~Ô O_»∞ ã¨=∂# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ =KÕÛ qÅ∞=. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 4. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O
225. ^Œ`åÎOâ◊OÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ HõxÑ≤OKÕ qÅ∞=, Z‰õΩ¯= áœ#óÑ¨Ù<åºxfl Hõey# qÅ∞= Uk? ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O 4. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ
226. WzÛ# qÅ∞=Å =º„`«¯=∂Å JOHõQ} Æ `˜ « ã¨Q@Æ ∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =Ùº„`«¯=∂xfl WÖÏ JO\Ï~°∞. ( )
1. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O 2. QÆ∞} =∞^Œº=∞O 3. ÉÏÇ¨ïÅHõO 4. ã¨Q@Æ ∞ qK«Å#O
227. P~ÀÇ¨Ï} ÖËHõ J=~ÀÇ¨Ï} „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞iÛ# ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ã¨=∂# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ KÕ¿ã =¸_»∞ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞.
1. ^ŒâßOâ◊O 2. ÑÖK«=∂Oâ◊O 3. K«`∞« ~å÷Oâ◊O 4. â◊`åOâ◊O ( )
228. ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl J~ÀÇ¨Ï} ÖËHõ J=~ÀÇ¨Ï} „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞iÛ#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ S^Œ∞ ã¨=∂# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ KÕ¿ã <åÅ∞QÆ∞ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞.
1. ^ŒâßOâ◊O 2. ÑÖK«=∂Oâ◊O 3. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊O 4. â◊`åOâ◊O ( )
229. P~ÀÇ¨Ï} ÖËHõ J=~ÀÇ¨Ï} „Hõ=∞OÖ’ J=∞iÛ# ^Œ`åÎOâßxfl 8 ã¨=∂# ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ KÕ¿ã U_»∞ aO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞. ( )
1. ^ŒâßOâ◊O 2. ÑÖK«=∂Oâ◊O 3. JëêìOâ◊O 4. â◊`åOâ◊O
230. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ÖËHõ =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« #∞O_ç „Ñü qÅ∞=‰õΩ QÆÅ qK«Å#O ^è#Œ , |∞∞} QÆ∞~°∞ÅÎ #∞ =^Œe"Õã∂¨ Î x~°~‚ ÚOK«|_ç#
qã¨Î~°}=∂#=Ú. ( )
1. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qK«Å#O 2. =∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å#O
3. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O
231. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O #∞O_ç =zÛ# qK«Å<åÅ =~åæÅ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ =~°=æ ¸Å qÅ∞=#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞? ( )
1. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ qK«Å#O 2. =∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å#O
3. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O 4. K«`∞« ~åúOâ◊ qK«Å#O
232. qÉèÏ[HõO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl, ~°∂Ñ¨Ù ~ˆ Y#∞ `≥e¿Ñk? ( )
1. ™Èáê# z„`«O 2. "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 3. ™ê=∂#º ãÖÉèÏ=º`«~ˆ Y 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
233. =∂^Œºq∞Hõ qK«Å<åxfl ã¨Q@ Æ ∞KÕ ÉèÏyOK«QÍ ÅaèOKÕk? ( )
1. "åºÑ≤Î QÆ∞}HõO 2. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HõO
3. =∂^Œº=∞ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HõO 4. K«`∞« ~åÌOâ◊ qK«Å# QÆ∞}HõO
234. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å# =~°=æ Ú#∞ U=∞O\Ï~°∞? ( )
1. "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 2. qK«~} ° O 3. |Ç¨ïÉè∞í l 4. qã¨Î $u
223.(2) 224.(3) 225.(4) 226.(1) 227.(3) 228.(2) 229.(3) 230.(2)

231.(3) 232.(2) 233.(3) 234.(4)
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235. ~Ô O_»∞ ÖË^• JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= K«Å<åÅ =∞^èºŒ L#fl ãÖ|O^è•xfl `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ∞« _®xH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ QÆ}ÏOHõ
™ê^è#Œ O. ( )
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^èOŒ 2. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« 3. "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 4. qã¨Î $u
236. Hˆ O„^Œ QÆ}ÏOHõ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ ZÑ¨C_»∞ ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞ (CSO). ( )
1. 1950 2. 1951 3. 1952 4. 1953
237. Hˆ O„^Œ QÆ}ÏOHõ ãÖã¨÷ (CSO) „Ñ¨^•è # HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞O ZK«Û@ =ÙOk? ( )
1. HÀÖòH`õ å 2. #∂º_èbç ¡ 3. =ÚOÉˇ· 4. ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£
ì≤ ∂º\ò (ISI) L#fl „Ñ¨^âÕ "◊ ∞Õ k?
238. WO_çÜ∞« <£ ™êì\ ã˜ Hì≤ Öõ ò W<£ã@ ( )
1. HÀÖòH`õ å 2. _èbç ¡ 3. =ÚOÉˇ· 4. ÅHÀfl
239. <Õ+#¨ Öò âßOÑ≤Öò ã¨~ˆ fi (NSS) ZÑ¨C_»∞ „áê~°OaèOz<å~°∞? ( )
1. 1930 2. 1940 3. 1950 4. 1951
240. N.S.S. (National Sample Survey), N.S.S.O. QÍ ZÑ¨C_»∞ =∂iOk? ( )
1. 1960 2. 1965 3. 1970 4. 1975
241. qÉèÏ[#OÖ’ QÆÅ `å~°`=« ∂ºÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ Wk LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆO. ( )
1. "≥+· =¨ ∞º=Ú 2. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º=Ú 3. Ç≤Ï™Èì„QÍ"£∞ 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
242. Hˆ O„^Œ ™ê÷#Ñ¨Ù qÅ∞=‰õΩ, Jã¨Å∞ qÉÏ[#=Ú`À QÆÅ JOâßÅ‰õΩ QÆÅ `Õ_®Å∞. ( )
1. qãÎ̈~} ° 2. "≥+· =¨ ∞ºO 3. qãÎ̈ $u 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
243. áêi„âßq∞Hõ L`«Ê`«∞ÅÎ ã¨∂p J<Õk. ( )
1. ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 2. r=# =ºÜ«∞ ã¨∂p 3. Jaè=$kú ã¨∂p 4. Ñï=∂} ã¨∂p
244. ~Ô _ô"∞Õ _£ ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÅÎ , |∂@¡ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ ÃãA· Å#∞ Hõ#∞Q˘#_®xH˜ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ Uk. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 4. =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ«
245. ãÖz`« áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º =„Hõ~ˆ YÅ#∞ D q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° . ( )
1. Fl"£ =„Hõ̂~Y 2. ™Èáê# z„`«O 3. ãÖÉèÏ=º`« =„Hõ̂~Y 4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
246. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ÖË^• `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @¡#∞ Hõ#∞Q˘#_®xH˜ Wk LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» #∞. ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
247. XHõ áêi„âßq∞Hõ ãÖã¨Ö÷ ’ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ "Õ`#« O x~°~‚ ÚOK«_®xH˜ L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ ã¨Q@Æ ∞ Uk? ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ 3. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 4. =∞^ŒºQÆÒ«
248. „HÕk "åiÖ’ QÆ}ÏOHõâßG Ñ≤`« Z=~°∞? ( )
1. Ñ≤Ü∞« ~üã<¨ £ 2. ~À<åÖò¤ Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü 3. H˜ÖòÉË 4. ÃÑ· =ÚQÆ∞~æ ∞°
235.(1) 236.(2) 237.(2) 238.(1) 239.(3) 240.(3) 241.(1) 242.(1)
243.(4) 244.(2) 245.(1) 246.(3) 247.(1) 248.(2)
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249. L=∞‡_ç QÆ}`˜ « ã¨Q@ Æ ∞#∞ D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ ^ÕxH˜ QÆ}O˜ K«ÖOË ? ( )
1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O 2. QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O 3. Ç¨Ï~°=∞^Œº=∞O 4. =∞^èºŒ QÆÒ«
250. ™œ+¨=ì ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O D „HÕk "åxÖ’ ^Õxx ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ K° ∞« #∞? ( )
1. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú – Q > Q – =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú 2. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú – Q = Q – =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú
1 3 1 3
3. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú – Q < Q – =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú 4. =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú + Q = Q – =∞^ŒºQÆ`=« Ú

1 3 1 3
251. „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Uk ã¨~Ô #· k ( )

1. JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ± 1 „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ 68.27%= JOâ◊O
4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #"Õ
252. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p ãÖYº‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k. ( )
1. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü, áêjÛÅ QÆ∞}=∞^Œº=∞O
2. Wk P^•~° ãÖ=`«û~°, „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « ãÖ=`«û~° Ñï=∂}ÏÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok
3. Wk HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î , HÍ~°HÍÅ Ñï=~°#Î Ñ¨sHõ#Δ ∞ ãÖ`«$Ñ≤ÑÎ ~¨ K° ∞« #∞
4. ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #"Õ
253. ™È=∞"å~°O #∞Oz â◊x"å~°O =~°‰Ωõ XHõ #QÆ~° ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ =~°¬áê`«O 0.3 Inches. Pk"å~°O JkèHõ =~°¬áê`«O =Å¡
ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ =~°¬áê`«O 0.5 Inches Å‰õΩ ÃÑiyOk. 5532==22,J~Ú`Õ
1 1x
x Pk"å~°O =~°¬áê`«O ZO`«? ( )
1) 1.2 Inches 2) 1.8 Inches 3) 1.7 Inches 4) 2.0 Inches
254. 5, 8, 13, 7, 6, 3Å JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O. ( )
1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8
255. U^≥<· å áœ#óÑ¨Ù#º qÉèÏ[# „âı}Ö˜ ’ GM, HM, AM Å ã¨=∂#`« D q^èOŒ QÍ LO_»∞#∞. ( )
1. HM ≥ GM ≥ AM 2. GM ≥ AM ≥ HM 3. GM ≥ HM ≥ AM 4. AM ≥ GM ≥ HM
256. ÉÏÇ¨ïà◊HOõ ´ 174, =∞^ŒºQÆÒ« ´ 142 J~Ú`Õ P ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O. ( )
1. ^è<Œ å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞º ÑÖÑ≤}© 2. ~°∞<å`«‡Hõ "≥+· =¨ ∞º ÑÖÑ≤}© 3. ™œ+ì̈= ^Œ`åÎOâ◊O 4. ÃÑk· <Õn HÍ^Œ∞
257. N = N = 10 =∞iÜ«Ú
1 2
, J~Ú<å L=∞‡_ç JOHõ=∞^Œº=∞O ZO`«? ( )
1) 6 2) 60 3) 30 4) 3
258. 300 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ J~°â÷ ßGOÖ’ =∂~°∞¯Å ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ 45. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ 100 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ ã¨Q@Æ ∞ 70, `«~∞° "å`«
100 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ 20. q∞ye# 100 =∞Ok q^•º~°∞Å÷ =∂~°∞¯Å ã¨Q@ Æ ∞ ZO`«? ( )
1) 30 2) 45 3) 60 4) UnHÍ^Œ∞
249.(4) 250.(2) 251.(4) 252.(4) 253.(3) 254.(3) 255.(4) 256.(2)
257.(3) 258.(2)
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259. =sæH$õ `« ^Œ`åÎOâßxH˜ "åºÑ≤Î gx =∞^èºŒ =º`åºã¨=Ú. ( )
1. z#fl `«~Q° uÆ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ZQÆ∞= J=kè, kQÆ∞= J=kè =∞^èºŒ `Õ_®
2. ÃÑ^ŒÌ `«~Q° uÆ JO`«~O° Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ZQÆ∞=, kQÆ∞= =º=^è∞Œ Å =∞^èºŒ `Õ_®
3. z#fl `«~Q° uÆ JO`«~O° Ü≥ÚHõ¯ kQÆ∞= J=kè, ÃÑ^ŒÌ `«~Q° uÆ JO`«~O° Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ZQÆ∞= J=kèÅ =∞^èºŒ `Õ_®
4. Un HÍ^Œ∞
260. [`« KÕÜÚ« =Ú. ( )
Z. Semi-Inter Quartile Range 1.
Q3 − Q1
a. Inter Quartile Range 2. 2
ã≤. Co-efficient of Quartile deviation 3. Q 3

– Q1
1) Z – 3, a – 2, ã≤ – 1 2) Z – 1, a – 3, ã≤ – 2
3) Z – 2, a – 3, ã≤ – 1 4) Z – 2, a – 1, ã≤ – 3
261. Variance (qã¨Î $u) J#QÍ. ( )
2−M2Q
1QD σ
D3M
1) σ 2) 3) 4)
1Q + 3Q
262. ã¨∂pÅ#∞, ÉèÏi`åÅ#∞ [`«KÜ

Õ ∞« O_ç. ( )
eãπì – 1 (ã¨∂p) eãπì – 2 (ÉèÏi`«O)
Z. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 1. Q 1
a. ÖÏÃãÊÜ«∞~ü Ñï=∂} ã¨∂p 2. Q 0
ã≤. áêjÛ ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p 3. P o
_ç. áêjÛ Ñï=∂} ã¨∂p 4. P 1
1) Z-1, a-2, ã≤-3, _ç-4 2) Z-2, a-3, ã≤-4, _ç-1

3) Z-1, a-4, ã≤-2, _ç-3 4) Z-2, a-3, ã≤-1, _ç-4
259.(3) 260.(3) 261.(2) 262.(4)
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27.04.2008# [iy# Endowment

E.O. Examination Economics Paper
1. '„âı}—˜ H˘Å=∂#=Ú : (2)

Range is the measure of :
1. XHõãQ¨ @ Æ ∞ 2. qã¨~Î }
° 3. ã¨ÇÏ¨ –ãÖ|O^èOŒ 4. ãÖYºÅ ã¨∂p
2. HÍ~ü¡ Ñ≤Ü∞« ~°û<£ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨ÇÏ¨ [ ãÖ|O^èŒ QÆ∞}Hõ=Ú ^ÕxH˜ =∞^èºŒ (3)
Karl Pearson's co-efficient of correlation lies between :
1. -2 #∞O_ç {2 2. â◊¥#ºO #∞O_ç {1 3. -1 #∞O_ç {1 4. ÃÑ^· nÕ HÍ^Œ∞
3. ~ˆ MÏ QÆ}`˜ =« ÚÖ’ 'ÖÏÔ~O*ò~ˆ Y— ^Õxx J^èºŒ Ü«∞#=Ú KÕÜÚ« #∞ : (4)
Lorenz curve is a graphic method of studying :
1. ã¨ÇÏ¨ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú 2.ãÖYºÅ -ã¨∂p 3. ã¨Q@ Æ ∞Å∞ 4. qã¨~Î }
°
4. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ qâı+¡ }¨ K«ÖÏOHõ=ÚÅ =∞^èºŒ HÍÅ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú#∞ `≥Å∞Ê=Ú (3)
which analysis help us to determine the degree of relationship between variables?
1. qã¨~Î }
° 2. ãÖYºÅ - ã¨∂p 3. ã¨ÇÏ¨ -ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú 4. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞Å∞
5. ‰õΩ@∞O| |_≥@
˚ ∞#∞ ÖˇH¯˜ OK«∞ q^è•#=Ú#∞... ^è~Œ ° ã¨∂p : (3)
Family budget method is a method to calculate .... price index.
1. \’‰õΩ^è~Œ ° 2. zÅ¡~° 3. qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞x 4. ÃÑ^· nÕ HÍ^Œ∞
6. `«‰Ωõ ¯=-Z‰õΩ¯= qÅ∞=Å∞ Hõey# JOâ◊=ÚÅ =∞^èºŒ JO`«~=° Ú#∞ : (4)
The difference between the value of the smallest item and the value of the largest item included in
the distribution is called :
1. =∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú 2. =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú 3. su 4. "åºÑ≤Î
7. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ U ãÖMÏº âßG H˘Å=∂#=Ú JuÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞iÜ«Ú z#fl qÅ∞=Å =Å# „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«OHÍ^Œ∞ (1)
Which one of the following statistical measures is not affected by extremely large or small values?
1. =∞^èºŒ QÆ`=« Ú 2. Ç¨Ï~° =∞^èºŒ =∞=Ú 3. QÆ∞}Hõ =∂~°∞Ê 4. „áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#O
8. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ U ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂zHõ =¸Å ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú#∞ ÉèÏ~°=ÚQÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥^~Œ ∞° : (2)
The price index that uses base year quantities as weights is called :
1. áêºjÛ ã¨∂p 2. ÖÏÃÑûº~ü ã¨∂p 3. Ñ¶+≤ ~¨ ü ã¨∂p 4. \’‰õΩ ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂p
9. '=∂Ô~¯@∞ K«@=ì Ú—#∞ Z=~°∞ =$kúÑi¨ z<å~°∞? (2)
Who developed the 'Market Law' ?
1. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 2. *ˇ.a.¿ã 3. \˜.P~ü.=∂Å÷ãπ 4. _Õq_£ iHÍ~À¤

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10. =¸Å^è#Œ – L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ J#QÍ : (2)
Capital - output ratio refers to :
1. =¸Å^è#Œ Pã≤xÎ á⁄O^Œ∞Ñ¨~∞° Û@HõQ∞Æ =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú
2. XHõ Ü«¸x\ò L`«ÊuÎx KÕÜÚ« @HõQ∞Æ =¸Å^è#Œ Ü«¸x@∞¡
3. qxÜ≥∂QÆ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ#∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕÜÚ« @HõQ∞Æ =¸Å^è#Œ Ü«¸x@∞¡ 4. ÃÑ^· nÕ HÍ^Œ∞
11. ''Hõhã¨ H˜+¡ ì̈ ™ê=∞~°`÷ —« — ã≤^•úO`«=Ú#∞ Z=~°∞ „ÑüáêkOz<å~°∞? (1)
The 'critical minimum effort' theory is put forth by :
1. ÃÇÏKü.Öˇ|· <£ ã‘ì º<£ 2. ~Àl<£ã<ì̈ £ ~À_≥<£ 3. _»|∞¡ º.Z.Öˇqãπ 4. *ˇ.ÃÇÏKü.É’ˆH
12. '„Ñ¨H\õ H˜ õ - „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú#∞— Z=~°∞ "å_ç<å~°∞ : (4)
The 'demonstration effect' was coined by :
1. *’<£ ~åa#û<£ 2. *ˇ.HÔ .QÍÅ„ÉË`ü 3. *ˇ.ZO.H©<û£ 4. *Ë"∞£ û _çÃãû<£ Éˇ„s
13. Z=~°∞ ''„â◊=∞ qÉè[í ##∞ =∂Ô~¯@∞ Ñïq∞`«=Ú—— Jxi : (1)
The statement "The division of labour is limited by the extent of the market" is given by :
1. P_»"∞£ ã≤‡`ü 2. *ˇ.a.¿ã 3. _Õq_£ iHÍ~À¤ 4. P¢ÖÊˇ _ù £ =∂~°¬Öò
14. ãÖ`«∞e`« =$kú J#QÍ : (3)
Balanced growth means :
1. L`«ÊuÎÖ’ ã¨=∞ - âß`« Hˆ \Ï~ÚOÑ¨Ù
2. =#~°∞Å Hˆ \Ï~ÚOÑ¨ÙÅÖ’ ã¨=∂# ÃÑOÑ¨Ù
3. Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’x Jxfl ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÅ∞ „Hõ=∞"≥∞#ÿ =$kú
4. qq^èŒ ~°OQÆ=ÚÅ =$kú ã¨ÇÏ¨ ["≥∞#ÿ =$kú
15. q+¨=ÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’x U JOâ◊=ÚÅ∞ : (3)
The vicious circle argument points the connection between :
1. P^•Ü«∞=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú [<åÉèÏ 2. ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =∞iÜ«Ú ™êOˆHuHõ
3. L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞=Ú 4. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù =∞iÜ«Ú =¸Å^è#Œ =Ú
16. L^Œº=∞^•~°∞_»∞ ^Õx`À ^ŒQiæÆ ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú HõÅ^Œ∞ : (1)
Entrepreneurship is most closely associated with :
1. #= HõÅÊ#Å∞ 2. #∂`«# HõÅÊ#Å∞
3. =º=Ç¨~° ÉÏ^èºŒ `«Å∞ 4. >ËH-± F=~üû ...
17. XHõ ^Õâ=◊ Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Jaè=$kú ~ˆ @∞ x~°Ü
‚ ∂« Oâ◊=Ú : (4)
A country's rate of growth is determined by the :
1. ã¨Q@
Æ ∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù „Ñ¨=$uÎ 2. ã¨ÃÑ-¡· y~åH©Å PKåÛù^#Œ
3. Ñ¨~ã° Ê¨ ~° ^è~Œ Å° K«@=ì Ú 4. =¸Å^è~Œ ° ã¨g∞Hõ~}
° ~ˆ @∞
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18. ~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ‰Ωõ Z=~°∞ =¸Å=Ú? (2)
The Second Five year Plan of India was based on :
1. Ç¨Ï„~å_£ -_À=∂~ü #=¸<å 2. =∞Ç¨ÏÖò <Àaãπ - #=¸<å
3. ~å*ò =∞iÜ«Ú ¿ã<£û #=¸<å 4. ÃÑÖ¶ ò¤ =∂º<£ #=¸<å
Δ =Ú— (PQLI) ^ÕxÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ç Ü«Ú##k?
19. 'rq`« ã¨∂zHõ Éè∫uHõ ÅHõ} (1)
The physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is based on :
1. JHõ~Δ åã¨º`« âß`«=Ú, ÉÏÅº =∞~°}=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú rq`« HÍÅ=ÚÃÑ·
2. ãïÑ¨_∞» PÇ¨~° ã¨ÑÜ ¡¨ ∞ü , h~°∞ QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨=u =∞iÜ«Ú P~ÀQÆº ¿ã=Å∞
3. áêiâ◊√„Éè`í « =ã¨`∞« Å∞, q^Œº =∞iÜ«Ú ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞=ÚÅ∞ 4. ÃÑ=· hfl#∞
20. Jaè=$kú P~°OÉèí ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ [<åÉèÏ-q™ÈÊù@#=Ú ZO^Œ∞=Å# [~°∞QÆ∞#∞ : (2)
In the initial stages of development, population explosion occurs primarily due to :
1. [#<åÅ ~ˆ @∞Ö’ f„= =$kú 2. =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞Ö’ `«Q∞Æ ^æ ÅŒ
3. [## – =∞iÜ«Ú =∞~°}ÏÅ ~ˆ @∞Ö’ `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ 4. =Åã¨ ~ˆ @∞Ö’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ
21. Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ '^ŒfiO^Œfi`«fi=Ú— J#QÍ (2)
Dualism in development economies refers to :
1. ^ŒfiO^Œfi ^è~Œ Å° q^è•#=Ú
2. #¨=º =∞iÜ«Ú ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ~°OQÆ=ÚÅ∞O_»∞@ =Å#
3. ¢ÃÑ"· @
Õ ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi ~°OQÆ=ÚÅ∞ ã¨=∞HÍb#=ÚQÍ Ü«ÚO_»∞@ =Å#
4. =º=™ê÷Q`Æ "« ∞≥ #ÿ =∞iÜ«Ú J=º=™ê÷Q`Æ "« ∞≥ #ÿ =º=ã¨Å÷ ∞ ã¨=∞HÍb#=ÚQÍ Ü«ÚO_»∞@ =Å#
22. D „HÕk"åxÖ’ Uk Z‰õΩ¯= '=ÚO^Œ∞ -J#∞|O^èOŒ —‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#k : (3)
Which among the following has the highest forward linkage?
1. `«∞áê‰õΩÅ∞ 2. PÇ¨~°^•è #º=ÚÅ∞ 3. W#∞=Ú - L‰õΩ¯ 4. Ü«∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞
23. +¨μOÑ‘@~ü, Pi÷HÍaè=$kúÖ’ ^ÕxH˜ „áê^è•#ºq∞KåÛ~°∞? (3)
For economic development, Schumpeter gives importance to :
1. Ñ¨~Ñ° u¨ ^•~°∞Å∞ 2. L^Œº=∞^•~°∞Å∞ 3. #=HõÅÊ#Å∞ 4. #∂`«# HõeÊ`«∞Å∞
24. ã¨fi~°‚ ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ L^Àºy`« ã¨=∞`ÒÅº=Ú#∞ Z=~°∞ „ÑüáêkOKå~°∞?( 2 )
The term 'Golden age of full employment equilibrium' has been coined by :
1. l. q∞~°Ö÷ ò 2. *ˇ. ~åa<£ã<¨ £ 3. =∂~ü¯û 4. *ˇ.ZO.H©<û£
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A.P.P.S.C
GROUP - II 2008
1. 2006 ãÖ.Ö’ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ\˜#ì *ÏfÜ«∞ „QÍg∞} Láêkè Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ x*ÏÅ#∞ ÑïjeOÑ¨Ù=Ú? (4)
Z) <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }º=ÚÖËx "åiH˜ 100 ~ÀAÅ Láêkè QÍº~°O\© Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú
a) Hˆ O„^Œ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi=Ú D Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú #_»∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok.
ã≤) D Ñ¨^HŒä =õ ÚÖ’ *ÏfÜ«∞ PÇ¨~°=Ú HÍ^Œ∞ Ñ¨x J<Õ Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú HõÅã≤#k.
_ç) „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÅÖ’ Pã¨∞ÅÎ ~°∂Ñ¨HÅõ Ê# J<Õk D Ñ¨^HŒä Oõ =ÚYº ÅHõΔ ºO.
ÃÑ· "å\˜Ö’:
1) Z, a =∞iÜ«Ú ã≤ Å∞ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q 2) a, ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç Å∞ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q
3) Z, a =∞iÜ«Ú _ç Å∞ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q 4) Z, ã≤ =∞iÜ«Ú _ç Å∞ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q
2. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ =◊ Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÉèÏs "≥Ú`«=Î ÚÖ’ ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞ ZHõ¯_çH˜ "≥à√◊ §K«∞#flq? (3)
1) WOQÍ¡O_»∞ (U.K.) 2) K≥<· å 3) Ü«Ú.Zãπ.Z. 4) Ü«Ú.Z.W.
3. Ju `«‰Ωõ ¯= eOQÆ x+¨Êu („ã‘,Î Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨) QÆÅ ~å„+ì̈=Ú ? (4)
1) ˆH~°à◊ 2) `«q∞à◊<å_»∞ 3) PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò 4) Ç¨ÏiÜ«∂<å
4. J<ÕHõ ~°HÍÅ â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ Ö’ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi=Ú Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ P^è•~°Ñ_¨ kÕ (2)
1) J}∞ q^Œ∞º`ü 2) ^ä~Œ ‡° Öò q^Œ∞º`ü 3) Ñ¨=# q^Œ∞º`ü 4) [Å q^Œ∞º`ü
5. "åºáê~°=Ú =Å# Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ ÖÏÉè=í ÚÖË‰Ωõ O_»∞@ =Å# "åºáê~°=Ú ÖË‰Ωõ O_»∞@ (3)
1) ¿ãflÇ¨Ï Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõ ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èºŒ "åºáê~°=Ú 2) á⁄~°∞QÆ∞"åi =∞^èºŒ "åºáê~°=Ú
3) ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èºŒ "åºáê~°=Ú ÖË‰Ωõ O_»∞@
4) "åºáê~°=Ú =Å# Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ ÖÏÉè=í Ú ÖËHáõ È=@O =Å# "åºáê~°=Ú ÖË‰Ωõ O_»∞@
6. ÉèÏ~°`« ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ J`«ºkèH=õ ÚQÍ ÉÁQÆ∞#æ ∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕ¿ã ~å„+ì̈=Ú Uk? (3)
1) "≥ãìπ ÉˇOQÍÖò 2) =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ ò 3) Xi™êû 4) cÇ¨~ü
7. RBI Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « QÆ=~°fl~°∞ Z=~°∞? (2)
1) ~°OQÆ~å[<£ 2) "≥.· a.Ô~_ç¤ 3) JÇ¨ï¡"åeÜ«∂ 4) _®Hõì~ü =∞<£"≥∂Ç¨Ï<£ ã≤OQ∑
8. á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ^ÕxH˜ „áêux^èºŒ =Ú =Ç≤Ïã¨∞OÎ k. (3)
1) P^•Ü«∞ K«„H©Ü∞« „Ñ¨"åÇ¨ÅÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ 2) Ñ¶∞¨ <å`«‡HõOQÍ#∞ =∞iÜ«Ú |∞∞}Ï`«‡HõOQÍ#∞
3) K«„H©Ü∞« „Ñ¨"åÇ¨Ï=ÚÖ’ `«~∞° QÆ∞^ŒÅ 4) ÃÑq· Un HÍ^Œ∞
9. Ñ¨^HŒ ˘O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ =$kú ~ˆ @∞ ÅHõΔ º=Ú (\ÏÔ~\æ ò) ZO`«? (3)
1) 7% 2) 8.5% 3) 9% 4) 9.2%
10. ~Ô O_»∞ ~°OQÍÅ #=¸<å ã¨=∞`ÒÅºOÖ’ LO_»\ÏxH˜ HÍÅ=Åã≤# Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞ (2)
1) ã¨q∞+≤ì P^•Ü«∞=∞Ú ´ ã¨q∞+≤ì =ºÜ«∞=Ú 2) á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ ´ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞
3) ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞ ´ kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞ 4) Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞ ´ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi =ºÜ«∞=Ú
11. D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ XHõ\ ˜ „^Œ=ºO ã¨Ê+≤Oì KÕ U*ˇhû HÍ^Œ∞ (1)
1) ‰õΩ@∞O|=ÚÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ~å|_ç 2) "å}˜[º ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞ 3) Hˆ O„^Œ ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞ 4) „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi=Ú
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12. XHõ Ñï„â◊=∞ ZÑ¨C_»∞ MÏ~ÚÖÏ Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. (1)
1) x~°O`«~O° QÍ q∞QÆ∞Å∞ L`«ÊuÎ ÖË‰Ωõ O_»áÈ=Ù@ 2) P^•Ü«∞ ~å|_»∞Å J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ „^Œ=º „Ñ¨"åÇ¨Ï=Ú ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@
3) Y~°∞ÛÅ∞ áÈQÍ q∞ye# ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ LO_»=Åã≤# ^•xHõ<åfl `«‰Ωõ ¯= LO_»∞@
4) ^è#Œ =Ú ^•fi~å Hõ<åfl K≥‰Ωõ ¯Å ^•fi~å ^è#Œ =Ú#∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞H˘<≥ L#∞‡Y`«
13. XHõ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò–ÑäH¡ ± ~°OQÍÅ ã¨ÇÏ¨ r=<åxfl U=∞x Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4)
1) xÜ«∞O„`«} Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s q^è•#=Ú
3) =∞^èºŒ O`«~° ~°OQÆ=Ú 4) q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
14. LáêO`« =º=™êÜ«∞ Éè∂í q∞ Ñïq∞u (1)
1) XHõ ÃÇÏˆH~ì ∞° HõO>Ë `«‰Ωõ ¯= 2) XHõ\ ˜ =∞iÜ«Ú ~Ô O_»∞ ÃÇÏˆH~ì ¡° =∞^èºŒ
3) ~Ô O_»∞ #∞O_ç <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ÃÇÏˆH~ì ¡° =∞^èºŒ 3) <åÅ∞QÆ∞ #∞O_ç Ñ¨k ÃÇÏˆH~ì ¡° =∞^èºŒ
15. Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ `«yOæ KÕ „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ Ñ¨ûúŒ D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ Uk? (4)
1) =∞~°} (Estate) ã¨∞OHõ=Ú 2) ãÖÑ¨^ÃŒ Ñ· Ñ¨#∞fl
3) P^•Ü«∞ ÖÏÉèÏÅ Ñ¨#∞fl 4) =º=™êÜ«∞ Éè∂í q∞ÃÑ· QÆi+ª̈ Ñïq∞u
16. *ÏfÜ«∞ P^•Ü«∞=Ú Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`«=Î ÚÖ’ U ~°OQÆ=Ú #∞O_ç =K«∞ÛK«∞#flk? (2)
1) „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi ~°OQÆ=Ú 2) „ÃÑ"· @ Õ ∞ ~°OQÆ=Ú 3) ™ê÷xHõ ~°OQÆ=Ú 4) ÃÑ"· å\˜Ö’ Un HÍ^Œ∞
17. qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞x q∞QÆ∞Å∞ J<Õ ÉèÏ=# U q^è•#=ÚÖ’ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok? (2)
1) „^Œ=º q^è•#=ÚÖ’ 2) Ñ¨#∞flÅ q^è•#=ÚÖ’
3) ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å q^è•#=ÚÖ’ 4) HÍ~°HÍÅ „ÑüÑ¶Ö¨ ÏÅ∞ x~°~‚ ÚOK«_O» Ö’
18. _»|∞¡ º.*ˇ. É∫=∞Öò L^ÕâÌ º◊ „Ñ¨HÍ~°=Ú „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ „^Œ=º _ç=∂O_»∞ g\˜ÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ∞» #∞ (1)
1) P^•Ü«∞=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú =_ô¤ ~ˆ @∞ 2) =_ô¤ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏO_»∞¡ ^è~Œ Å° ∞
3) „^Œ=º ã¨ÃÑ¡· =∞iÜ«Ú P^•Ü«∞=Ú 4) =_ô¤ ~ˆ @∞ =∞iÜ«Ú „^Œ=º ã¨ÃÑ¡·
19. i[~°∞fi ÉÏºO‰õΩ PÑ¶π WO_çÜ∂« XHõ\ ˜ `«ÑÊ¨ Jxfl Hõ~Ô hû <À@¡#∞ *Ïs KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. (4)
1) 500 ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å <À@∞ 2) 100 ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å <À@∞
3) 10 ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å <À@∞ 4) 1 ~°∂áê~Ú <À@∞
20. NABARD _≥~Ô· ‰õΩQì Í g\˜H˜ Ö’#∞ (JÑ¨C) Wã¨∞OÎ k. (4)
1) z#fl ~Ô `· ∞« Å‰õΩ 2) „QÍ=∞ "åºáê~°∞Å‰õΩ 3) z#fl "åºáê~°∞Å‰õΩ 4) ÃÑ"· å\˜Ö’ ^ÕxH© HÍ^Œ∞
21. WO_»„ã≤Ü ì ∞« Öò _≥=ÅÑπ"∞≥ O\ò ÉÏºOH± PÑ¶π WO_çÜ∂« J<Õk XHõ (3)
1) P~ü.a.S Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞Hõ ãÖã¨÷ 2) P~ü.a.S Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÉèÏQÆ=Ú
3) ã¨fi`«O„`« „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi ~°OQÆ ãÖã¨÷ 4) „ÃÑ"· @
Õ ∞ ~°OQÆ ÉÏºO‰õΩ
22. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ‰õΩ\©~° =∞iÜ«Ú ÅÑ¶Ú¨ Ñï„â◊=∞Å‰õΩ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ áê„`«#∞ áÈ+≤OK«∞K«∞#flq ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ (4)
1) L^ÀºQÆ J=HÍâ◊=Ú ÃÑOá⁄O^Œ∞K«∞#flq 2) Pi÷Hõ â◊HÎ̃ Hˆ O„nHõ~} ° `«yOæ K«∞K«∞#flq
3) Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ `«yOæ K«∞K«∞#flq 4) ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
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23. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ #QÆsHõ~} ° ÃÑ~°Q\Æ ÏxH˜ HÍ~°}"Õ∞q∞\˜? (4)
1) #QÆ~O° Ö’ Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú "åºáê~°=Ú ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞@=Å# 2) „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÅÖ’ JkèHõ [<åÉèÏ =uÎ_ç
3) =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆ=ÚÖ’ JÅÊ L`åÊ^ŒH`õ « 4) ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
24. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ^è~Œ Å° ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú (4)
1) BoP ÃÑ#· „Ñü‰õÄÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú 2) ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞ÅÃÑ· „Ñü‰õÄÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè ==Ú
3) P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ 4) ÃÑ=· xflÜ«Ú
25. Zxq∞^Œ= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì k U ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÖ’ ? (3)
1) [#=i 1, 1989 2) [#=i 1, 1990 3) U„Ñ≤Öò 1, 1992 4) U„Ñ≤Öò 1, 1991
26. ÉèÏ~°`« *ÏfÜ«∞ P^•Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ ~°OQÆ=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨=Úz`« âß`«=Ú ZO`«? ( )
1) 40 2) 50 3) 60 4) 70 ãïÜ≥ÿ∞# ã¨=∂^è•#=Ú 20%
27. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ K≥~· ‡° <£ (2)
1) ÉèÏ~°`« „ÃÑã≤_O≥ @∞ 2) ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨^•è x
3) Pi÷Hõ =∞O„u 4) ÃÑ· =ÚQÆ∞~æ ∞° ~˘>ˇ+<¨ £ (XHõi `«~åfi`« XHõ~∞° =O`«∞Å∞) Ñ¨ûúŒ Ö’
28. PÇ¨~°=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú Z~°∞=ÙÅ ãäû_ôÅ∞ g\˜Ö’ Wq∞_ç L<åfl~Ú? (2)
1) =¸Å^è#Œ =ºÜ«∞O 2) ~Ô "≥#∞º =ºÜ«∞O 3) q^è•# |∞∞}=Ú 4) ÃÑ· =xflÜ«Ú
29. Hˆ O„^Œ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =ã¨∂à◊§ ÃÑ^ŒÌ =¸ÖÏ^è•~°=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù=Ú. (1)
1) =∂Ô~¯@∞ |∞∞}ÏÅ∞ 2) |Ç≤Ï~°`æ « |∞∞}ÏÅ∞ 3) z#fl á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ 4) „áêq_»O\ò Ñ¶O¨ _£
30. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯= Ñ¨@} ì ÏÅ∞ Hõey# ~å„+¨=ì Ú Uk? (4)
1) =∞Ç¨~å„+ì̈ 2) L`«~Î „° Ñ¨^âÕ ò 3) =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ ò 4) `«q∞à◊<å_»∞
31. P^•Ü«∞=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú =ºÜ«∞=Ú‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi q^è•<åxfl U=∞x Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4)
1) „^Œ=º q^è•#=Ú 2) "åºáê~° q^è•#=Ú 3) Pi÷Hõ q^è•#=Ú 4) HÀâ◊ q^è•#=Ú
32. D „HÕk "å\˜x [`« Ñ¨~∞° K«∞=Ú : (3)
Z) <åQÍ~°∞˚# ™êQÆ~ü 1) "≥ãπì ÉˇOQÍÖò
a) Ç‘Ï~å‰õΩ_£ 2. Xi™êû
ã≤) ^•"≥∂^Œ~ü "åb 3) PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò
4) Hõ~åfl@Hõ
Z a ã≤
1) 1 2 3
2) 4 3 2
3) 3 2 1
4) 2 1 4
z~°Orq 151 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ECONOMY
33. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ =◊ Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ~Ô O_»= ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ ~°∂Ñ¨ HõÅÊ# KÕã#≤ k Z=~°∞? (2)
1) „|Ç¨‡#O^Œ 2) =∞Ç¨ÏÖÏ<Àaãπ 3) Ç¨Ï~å_£–_À=∞~ü 4) K«„Hõ=iÎ
34. U ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoÅHõÖ’ PtOz# =$kú ~ˆ @∞‰õΩ q∞Oz# "åã¨=Î =$kú ~ˆ @∞ LO_ç#k. (1)
1) "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ áê¡#∞ 2) ~Ô O_»= áê¡#∞ 3) S^Œ= áê¡#∞ 4) U_»= áê¡#∞
35. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ Ñï„â◊=∞Å‰õΩ n~°H… ÍeHõ q`åÎxfl JOkOKÕ ãÖã¨÷ Uk? (1)
1) S._ç.a.S. 2) Zãπ.a.S. 3) ZÖò.S.ã≤. 4) P~ü.a.S.
36. ÉèÏ~°`« ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ „a\˜+π ÑïáêÅ<å HÍÅ=ÚÖ’ D „HÕk "åxÖ’ Uk B^ÀºyHõ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç =∞iÜ«Ú =Åã¨ "å}˜[º=Ú#‰õΩ
QÆ∞i HÍ|_»Ö^Ë ∞Œ . (3)
1) ã¨∞OHÍÅ∞ ÖËx `«Ü∂« s=ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ ÉèÏ~°`=« ÚÖ’ kQÆ∞=∞`«∞ÅÃÑ·
2) ÉèÏ~°`« kQÆ∞=∞`«∞ÅÃÑ· „a\˜+"π å~°∞ qkèOz# Z‰õΩ¯= Hõã"ì̈ ∞£ ã¨∞OHÍÅ∞
3) ~Ô Ö· fiË x~å‡}=Ú#‰õΩ „a\˜+"π å~°∞ KÕã#≤ Pi÷Hõ ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞=Ú
4) [#∞Ñ¨<å~° Ñï„â◊=∞Ö’ „a\˜+"π å~°∞ ÃÑ\ì̃# Z‰õΩ¯= ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞
37. ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ=◊ ÚÖ’ ™êfi`«O„`«º=Ú ~åHõ=ÚO^Œ∞ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™êiQÍ *ÏuÜ«∂^•Ü«∂xfl ÖˇH¯˜ Oz#^≥=~°∞? (4)
1) Z"£∞.Z<£.~åÜü∞ 2) q.ÔH.P~ü.q.~å"£ 3) HÔ .Z<£.~å*ò 4) ^•^•ÉèÏÜü∞ <Ò~Àl
38. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ =◊ ÚÃÑ· „a\˜+π ÑïáêÅ<å „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O QÆ∞iOz Uk x[=Ú HÍ^Œ∞? (2)
1) `«Ü∂« s =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅÃÑ· Ñ¨#∞fl ÖË‰Ωõ O_® kQÆ∞=∞u KÕã∞¨ H˘#∞@
2) Ñ¨#∞flÖË‰Ωõ O_® ÉèÏ~°`« <Õ`« =„ãÎ̈=ÚÅ∞ Ü«Ú.ÔH.Ö’ kQÆ∞=∞u
3) „a\˜+"π å~°∞ ÉèÏ~°`=« ÚÖ’ [#∞Ñ¨<å~° Ñï„â◊=∞#∞ Jaè=$kú Ñ¨~K° ∞« @
4) ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ=◊ ÚÖ’ ‰õΩ\©~° =∞iÜ«Ú z#fl`«~Ç° ¨ Ñï„â◊=ÚÅ∞ `«yáæ È=Ù@
39. ¿Ñ^ŒiHõOÃÑ· „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ P„Hõ=∞} J<Õ =ÓºÇ¨~°K#« D „HÕk "å\˜Ö’ XHõ\ ˜ ÉèÏQÆO HÍ^Œ∞ (4)
1) ã¨=∞„QÆ „QÍg∞} Jaè=$kú Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú 2) [=Ç¨Ï~° ~À[QÍ~ü Ü≥∂[<å
3) *ÏfÜ«∞ „QÍg∞} L^ÀºQÆ Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú 4) ‰õΩ@∞O| xÜ«∞O„`«} Ñ¨^HŒä =õ Ú
40. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`«OÎ Ö’ "åºáê~°=Ú KÕ¿ã ^ÕâßÅ∞ (4)
1) Dãπ–ì Ü«¸~ÀÑ≤Ü∞« <£ ^ÕâßÅ∞ 2) X¿ÑH± (OPEC) ^ÕâßÅ∞
3) Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# X¿ÑH± (OPEC) HÍx ^ÕâßÅ∞ 4) _ç.W.ã≤._ç.^ÕâßÅ∞
41. ÃÇÏ· áÈuã≤ãπ („áêH± HõÅÊ#) J<Õk (3)
1) ÅHΔÍºÅ#∞|\ì̃ "åãÎ̈qHõ`« 2) HõÅÊ#Ö’ "åãÎ̈qHõ`« ÖËHáõ È=_»O
3) xiÌ+"ì̈ ∞≥ #ÿ "å\˜x TÇ≤ÏOKÕ â◊HÎ̃ 4) ÃÑ· ^•xÖ’ Un HÍ^Œ∞
42. L`«ÊuÎ HÍ~°HÍÅ ^Œ$ëêì º *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎH#õ fl =∂Ô~¯\ò ^è~Œ Å° Ö’ *ÏfÜ≥∂`«ÊuÎ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»∞@‰õΩ HÍ~°}O ( 3 )
1) Ñ¨~ÀHõÑΔ Ù¨ Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞ 2) ãäû_ôÅ∞
3) Ñ¨~ÀHõÑΔ Ù¨ Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞ – ãäû_ôÅ∞ 4) Ñ¨~ÀHõÑΔ Ù¨ Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞{ãäû_ôÅ∞
z~°Orq 152 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

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ECONOMY

1 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

2 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

CIVIL SERVICES 2008 - ECONOMICS

3 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

4 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

9. ÖÏÔ~O*ò =„Hõˆ~Y ^Õxx J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»∞#∞

„áê=∂}˜Hõ qK«Å#OÖ’ M.D 4/5 =O`«∞ LO@∞Ok.

6 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

7 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

CIVIL SERVICES 2009 - ECONOMICS

15. ~À™Èì"£ ¿Ñ~˘¯#ﬂ '™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ã¨=∂[O—Ö’ ÅHõΔ}O Uk

8 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

10 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

1. 'Stages of Growth' J<Õ ã≤^•úO`«=Ú Z=i`À =Ú_ç Ñ¨_ç#k?

11 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

Note: '' XHõ"Ñ

14 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

8. =∂#"åaè=$kúH˜ K≥Ok# =¸_»∞ JOâßÅ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À HDI x QÆ}˜ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞, „HÕk"åxÖ’ U JOâßxfl

=$kú – Jaè=$kú : =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞

22 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

23 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

W´ ã¨OHˆ =Δ ∞O, ´ `«Åã¨i P^•Ü«∞O, G´ P^•Ü«∞ Jã¨=∂#`«Å H˘Å=∂#O

24 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

25 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

ã≤) ÖÏÉèÏÅ ~ˆ @∞´

2.Ãã·=∞<£ ‰õΩ*ò<≥\òû Jaè„áêÜ«∞O :

26 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

28 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

29 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

30 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

L^• : =¸Å^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎ x+¨ÊuÎ 4 :1 =$kú ~ˆ @∞ 3%, á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù 12%

EDI (q^•º Jaè=$kú ã¨∂zHõ)Ö’ Hˆ ~°à◊ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™ê÷#OÖ’ LOk.

31 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

32 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

33 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

HÍ~ü¡ =∂~ü¯û Das Capital

URP (Uniform Recall Period) „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 1993–94Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`^

34 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

35 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

36 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

32. HDI (=∂#"åaè=$kú ã¨∂p) ~°∂Ñ¨tÅÊ?

37 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

38 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

39 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

40 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

41 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

42 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

43 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

44 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

45 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

139. ã¨O`«∞e`« =$kú ã≤^•úO`åxﬂ ã¨=∞i÷Oz#"å~°∞?

46 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

47 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

48 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

49 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

50 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

53 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

54 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

55 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

56 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

57 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

58 Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530