DYSLEXIA

Dyslexia can be described as a reading disability syndrome that often includes speech and language deficits

and right–left confusion. Reading impairment is frequently accompanied by disabilities in other academic

skills, and the term dyslexia remains as an alternate term for a pattern of reading and spelling difficulties.

DYSLEXIA

Acquired Genetic

Deep Phonological
Dyslexia Dyslexia

Phonological
Dyslexia

Surface
Dyslexia

Dyslexia could be caused due to both genetic and environmental factors, as shown in the flow chart above.

SURFACE DYSLEXIA

- Encounter difficulty in whole word reading.

- Can not recognise words by appearance, need to hear themselves

- Caused by damage to left lateral temporal lobe

- Reading new words with proper pronunciation will be impossible

PHONOLOGICAL DYSLEXIA

- Have difficulty in phonetic coding

- Associated usually with damage in the left temporal lobe

- Earlier learnt words remain intact, but are unable to learn new words

DEEP DYSLEXIA
- If they don’t know a word, will replace it with something similar. For example, if given the word

“creede”, might replace it with creed or greed.

- Two types of error are common; semantic error and non-words.

- Semantic error is when someone adds another word to make sense of the statement.

- Non-words are when someone cannot recognise or say non-words, i.e., the words which have no

meaning.

NISHITA SRIVASTAVA

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