Thef i

rstact ual t
ext il
e,asopposedt oskinssewnt ogether,waspr obablyfel
t.Surv i
vi
ng
exampl esofNål ebi nding, anotherearlytexti
l
emet hod,datef rom 6500BC. [
cit
ationneeded]
Knowl edgeofanci entt extil
esandcl othinghasexpandedi nt her ecentpastduet omoder n
technological dev elopment s.[
7]Ourknowl edgeofculturesv ariesgreatlywiththecl i
mat ic
conditionst owhi char cheol ogicaldeposi t
sareexposed; t
heMi ddl
eEastandt hear i
df r
ingesof
Chinahav epr ovidedmanyv eryearl
ysampl esingoodcondi t
ion, buttheearlydev el
opmentof
texti
l
esi nt heI ndiansubcont i
nent,sub-SaharanAfri
caandot hermoi stpartsoft hewor ld
remainsuncl ear.Innor t hernEurasia,peatbogscanal sopr eser vetexti
l
esv erywel l
.Thef ir
st
knownt exti
leofSout hAmer icawasdi scoveredi
nGui tarr
eroCav einPer u.I
twaswov enoutof
vegetablef ibersanddat esbackt o8, 000B.C.E.

From pr
e-hi
storythrought
heearlyMiddleAges, formostofEur ope, t
heNearEastandNor th
Afri
ca,t
womai ntypesofl
oom dominatet exti
leproducti
on.Thesear ethewarp-weightedloom
andthetwo-beam loom.Thelengthofthecl othbeam determinedt hewidt
hoft heclothwov en
uponit,
andcoul dbeaswideas2–3met er s.Thesecondl oom ty
pei sthetwo-beam loom.[8]
Earl
ywov enclothi
ngwasof t
enmadeoff ulll
oom wi dt
hsdr aped,t
ied,orpi
nnedi nplace.

Thet
ext
il
etr
adei
ntheanci
entwor
ldEdi
t

Mai
nar
ti
cle:
Sil
kRoad

ThroughouttheNeolit
hicandBronzeAges,
thefer
ti
legr
oundsoftheEurasi
anSt eppepr ov
ideda
venuef oranetwor
kofnomadi ccommuniti
estodevel
opandint
eract.TheSteppeRout ehas
alwaysconnectedregionsoft
heAsianconti
nentwi
thtr
adeandtransmissi
onofcul t
ure,
i
ncludingclot
hing.

Around114BC, t
heHanDy nast y
,[
9]initi
atedtheSil
kRoadTr adeRout e.Geographical
ly,
theSilk
RoadorSi lkRout eisani nterconnect edseri
esofancientt r
ader outesbetweenChang' an
(t
oday '
sXi 'an)inChi na,withAsi aMi norandtheMedi terraneanext endingover8,000km ( 5,
000
mi)onl andandsea.Tr adeont heSi l
kRoadwasasi gnificantf act
orint hedevel
opmentoft he
greatcivil
izati
onsofChi na, Egypt,Mesopot amia,Per
sia, theIndiansubcont i
nent,andRome, and
helpedtol ayt hef oundationsfort hemoder nworld.Theexchangeofl uxurytext
il
eswas
predomi nantont heSilkRoad, whichl i
nkedtr
aders,mer chant s,pi
lgri
ms, monks,soldier
s,
nomadsandur bandwel lersfrom Chi natotheMedi t
erraneanSeadur i
ngv ar
iousper i
odsoftime.

Anci
entNearEast Edi
t
Theearliestknownwoventextil
esoftheNearEastmaybef abri
csusedtowrapthedead,
excavatedataNeolit
hicsit
eatÇat al
höyükinAnatol
ia,
carbonizedinafi
reandradi
ocarbon
datedtoc.6000BC. [
10]Evidenceexi
stsofflaxcul
ti
vati
onfrom c.8000BCintheNearEast ,
but
thebreedingofsheepwithawool yfl
eecerathert
hanhairoccursmuchlater
,c.3000BC.[10]

InMesopot ami a,theclothi

ngofar egularSumer i
anwasv erysimpl e,especi al
lyinsummer , i
n
thewi nterwear ingclothesmadeofsheepf ur.Evenweal t
hymenwer edepi ctedwi t
hnaked
torsos, wearingj ustsomeki ndofshor tskir
t,knownaskaunakes, whilewomenwor elongdress
tot heirankl es.Theki ngwor eat unic,acoatthatreachedtohi sknees, withabel tinthemi ddle.
Ov ert i
me, t
hedev el
opmentoft hecr af
tofwool weav i
nghasledt oagr eatv ari
etyinclothi
ng.
Thus, towar dst heendoft he3r dmi l
lenni
um BCandl at
erthemenwor eat unicwi thshort
sleev esandev enov ertheknees, withabelt(overwhichtherichwor eawool cloak).Women' s
dressesf eat uredmor evarieddesigns: wit
horwi thoutsl
eeves, narr
oworwi de,usuall
ylongand
withouthi ghlight i
ngthebody [
11]

Apossi
blebonebel
thookf
oundi
ntheBr
onzeAgel
ayer
sofYani
kTepe,
from nor
theastofLake
Ur
mia(I
ran)

Sumeri
anStatuesofworshi
ppers(mal
esandf
emal
es)
;2800-
2400BC(
Ear
lyDy
nast
icper
iod)
;
Nati
onalMuseum ofI
raq(Baghdad)

Stat
uesoftwowor
shi
pers,
amanandawoman; 2800-
2400BC( Ear
lyDy
nasti
cperiod)
;fr
om t
he
SquareTempl
eofAbuatTell
Asmar(
anci
entEshnunna(I
raq)
);Nati
onalMuseum ofIr
aq
TheStatueofEbi
h-I
l;
c.2400BCE;
gypsum,
schi
st,
shel
l
sandl
api
slazul
i
;hei
ght
:52.
5cm;
Louv
re
(Par
is)

Anci
entI
ndi
a Edi
t

Mai
nar
ti
cle:
Hist
oryofcl
othi
ngi
nIndi
a

Wedonotknowwhatt hepeoplewhoconst i
tut
edt heI
ndusVal l
eyCivil
i
zati
on,oneofthe
ear
li
estciv
il
izati
onsoft heworld,actual
lywore.Anycloththatmighthavebeenwor nhaslong
si
ncedisi
ntegrat
edandwehav enoty etbeenabletodeciphertheIndusscr
ipt.However
,
hi
stor
iansandar chaeologi
stshavemanagedt opiecetogethersomebitsofinfor
mati
onf r
om
cl
uesfoundinscul pt
uresandfigurines.

Terr
acottaf
iguri
nesuncov eredatMehr garhshowamal efigurewear i
ngwhati scommonly
i
nterpr
etedtobeat urban;femalefiguri
nesdepictwomenwi thelaborateheaddressand
i
ntri
catehai
rsty
les.
[12]Incertaincases,theseheaddresseshav eledhistor
ianstoatt
acha
rel
i
giousconnotati
ont othefiguri
nesandt otheint
erprettheheaddr essesassy mbolsofa
mothergoddess.

Oneoft hemosti mpor t

antrecov er
edf igur i
nesisthatoft he"Pr i
estKing"f rom thesiteof
Mohenj o-daro.Itisnotonl
yimpor t
antbecauseschol ar shavecal l
editar epresentat
ionofan
assumedaut horityorheadofst atebutal sobecauseofwhati tiswear ing, however,i
twas
recentlydiscoveredtobeani nterpretationofaweal t
hyt rader.Thecal mlyseat edPr i
est-
Kingis
depictedwear ingashawl withfloralpat terns.Sofar,thi
si stheonlyscul pturefrom theIndus
Valleytoshowcl othi
nginsuchexpl icitdet ai
l.Howev er,i
tdoesnotpr ov ideanyconcr et
eproof
tolegiti
mi zethehistor
yofclothingint heHar appantimes.Har appansmayev enhav eused
naturalcolourstody ethei
rfabric.Resear chshowst hatthecul ti
vati
onofi ndigoplants(genus:
Indi
gof era)waspr eval
ent.

Anotherimport
antsculptureisofadanci nggirl
,alsoexcav at
edf r
om Mohenj o-dar
o.Shei s
depictedwit
hnoclot hi
ngothert hananumberofbangl esuponherar m.B.B.Lal [
13]has
manageddr awparallel
sbetweent hedanci nggi
rl andwoment odayinpartsofRajast hanand
Gujarat.Henot
iceshowcont empor arywomencont i
nuewear i
ngt hosebangl
esev ent oday.
Harappansmaynothav eleftanyev idenceofwhatcl ot
hingortextil
estheyhadatt hatt i
mebut
theydidleaver
emainsofj ewelleryandbeadsi nl argeamount s.Forinst
ance,thegr avesof
Harappanshavey i
eldedv ar
iousf ormsofj ewell
erysuchasneckpi eces,br
acelets,
rings,and
heador nament
s.Mul ti
plebeadsofv aryi
ngshapesandsi zeshav ealsobeenr ecovered.Thi
s
j
ewel leryincorporat
esv ari
ousmat erial
ssuchasgol d,bronze, t
err
acotta,faience,andshel l
s;
i
mpor tedmat eri
alsincludi
ngturquoiseandl api
slaz uliwereusedt oo.Thissuggest sthatthe
Harappansmi ghthav eengagedi nlong-dist
ancetrade.Long, sl
endercarnel ianbeadswer e
highlypr i
zedbyt heHar appans.Harappanswer ealsoexper t
si nmanuf acturingmi crobeads,
whichhav ebeenf oundi nvari
ouslocationsfrom hear t
hsandgr av
es.Thesebeadswer e
extremel yhardtowor kwit
handneededext raprecisiontopr oduce.Aspeci aldri
ll
hasbeen
foundbot hatLothal andChanhudar o.Chanhudarowasacent r
eexclusivelydev ot
edt ocraft
product i
on.

Stat
ueof"Pr
iestKing"wear
ingar
obe;
2400–1900BCE;
lowf
ir
edst
eat
it
e;Nat
ional
Museum of
Paki
stan(
Karachi)

TheDi
dar
ganj
Yakshi
depi
cti
ngt
hedhot
iwr
ap;
cir
ca300BC;
BiharMuseum (
Indi
a)

TheBuddhawear
ingkāṣāy
arobes;
cir
ca200BC;
Toky
oNat
ional
Museum (
Japan)

Anci
entf
orm ofChur
idarwor
ndur
ingt
heGupt
aper
iod;
cir
ca300AD;
Nat
ional
Museum (
New
Del
hi)

Shakunt
ala,
wif
eofDushy
ant
aandt
hemot
herofEmper
orBhar
ata,
from Kal
i
dasa'
spl
ay
Abhi
j
ñānaśākunt
ala,
wear
ingasar
i,pai
nti
ngbyRaj
aRav
iVar
ma

Paint
ingonwoodenpaneldi
scoveredbyAurel
Stei
ninDandanOil
ik,
depi
cti
ngthel
egendoft
he
pri
ncesswhohidsil
kworm eggsinherheaddr
esstosmugglet
hem outofChi
natothe
Ki
ngdom ofKhotan;7t
hto8thcentur
y;Bri
ti
shMuseum (
London)

Anci
entEgy
ptEdi
t

Mai
nar
ti
cle:
Clot
hingi
nanci
entEgy
pt

Evi
denceexi st
sforpr
oducti
onoflinencl ot
hi nAncientEgyptintheNeoli
thicper
iod,c.5500BC.
Cult
ivat
ionofdomesticat
edwildfl
ax ,
pr obablyanimpor tf
rom theLevant
, i
sdocument edas
earl
yasc.6000BC.Ot herbastfi
bersincludingrush,reed,pal
m, andpapyruswereusedal oneor
wit
hlinentomaker opeandothertexti
les.Ev i
denceforwool product
ioni
nEgy ptisscantyat
thi
speriod.
[14]

Spi
nningtechni
quesincludedt
hedr opspindl
e,hand-
to-
handspinni
ng,andr
oll
i
ngonthet
high;
yar
nwasal sospli
ced.[
14]Ahorizontal
groundloom wasusedpriort
otheNewKingdom,
when
avert
ical
two-beam l
oom wasi ntr
oduced,probabl
yfr
om Asia.

Li
nenbandageswer eusedint
hebur
ial
custom ofmummifi
cat
ion,
andartdepi
ctsEgypt
ianmen
weari
nglinenkil
tsandwomeninnar
rowdresseswit
hvar
iousf
ormsofshir
tsandjacket
s,of
ten
ofsheerpleat
edfabri
c.[
14]

Pai
rofsandal
s;1390–1352BC;
grass,
reedandpapy
rus;
Met
ropol
i
tanMuseum ofAr
t(New
Yor
kCity)
I
ll
ust
rat
ionf
rom t
hebookAnci
entEgy
pti
an,
Assy
rian,
andPer
siancost
umesanddecor
ati
ons

I
ll
ustr
ati
onofaGoddessf
rom Anci
entEgy
pti
an,
Assy
rian,
andPer
siancost
umesand
decor
ati
ons

Stat
ueofSobekhot
epVI
,whowear
stheEgy
pti
anmal
eski
rt
,theshendy
t,f
rom NeuesMuseum
(Ber
li
n,Ger
many)

Anci
entChi
naEdi
t

Mai
nar
ti
cles:
Hist
oryofsi
l
kandHanf
u

Theear li
estevi
denceofsil
kpr oduct
ioninChinawasf oundatthesit
esofYangshaocul t
urein
Xia,Shanxi,whereacocoonofbomby xmor i
,thedomest icat
edsil
kworm, cutinhal
fbyasharp
knif
ei sdatedtobetween5000and3000BC.Fr agment sofprimi
ti
veloomsar ealsoseenfr
om
thesitesofHemuducul tur
einYuy ao,Zheji
ang, datedt oabout4000BC.Scr apsofsi
lkwere
foundi naLiangzhucul
turesit
eatQi anshanyangi nHuzhou, Zheji
ang,dati
ngbackto2700
BC.[15][
16]Otherfr
agment shavebeenr ecoveredfr om royalt
ombsint he[ShangDynast
y](c.
1600–c.1046BC) .[
17]

UndertheShangDy nasty,HanChi
neseclot
hingorHanfuconsist
edofayi
,anarr
ow-cuff
ed,
knee-l
engt
ht uni
ctiedwi thasash,
andanar row,ankl
e-l
engt
hskir
t,cal
l
edshang,
wornwithabixi
,
alengthoffabri
cthatr eachedt
heknees.Clothi
ngoftheeli
tewasmadeofsil
kinvi
vidpri
mary
colour
s.

Pai
nti
ngofEmper
orYaowear
ingasheny
i
TheYel
l
owEmper
orwear
ingami
anguan

Wovensil
ktext
il
efr
om t
heMawangdui
inChangsha(
Hunanpr
ovi
nce,
Chi
na)
,fr
om t
he2nd
cent
uryBC

Themi
anf
uofEmper
orWuofJi
ndy
nast
y,7t
h-cent
urypai
nti
ngbycour
tar
ti
stYanLi
ben

Anci
entThai
l
and Edi
t

Theear li
estevi
denceofspi nni
nginThailandcanbef oundatthear chaeol
ogical si
teofThaKae
l
ocat edinCentralThai
land.ThaKaewasi nhabit
eddur i
ngtheendoft hefi
rstmi l
lennium BCto
thelatefir
stmill
ennium AD.Here,archaeologi
stsdiscover
ed90f ragmentsofspi ndlewhorl
datedf r
om 3rdcenturyBCt o3rdcenturyAD.Andt heshapeoft hesef i
ndsindicatethe
connect i
onswithsouthChinaandI ndia.
[18]Aspindlewhorli
sadi scorspher i
cal obj
ectthatf
it
s
ontot hespindl
etoincreaseaswell asmai nt
ainthespeedofspinning.

Anci
entJapanEdi
t

Theear liestevi
denceofweav ingi nJapani sassociatedwi ththeJōmonper iod.Thiscul turei
s
definedbypot t
erydecor atedwi thcor dpat terns.I
nashel l moundi ntheMi yagiPrefect ure,
datingbackabout5, 500, somecl othfr agment swerediscov eredmadef r
om bar kfibers.[19]
Hempf iberswer ealsodi scoveredi nt heTor ihamashell mound, FukuiPrefecture,datingbackt o
theJōmonper i
od, suggest i
ngt hatthesepl antscouldalsohav ebeenusedf orclothing.Some
potterypat t
ernimpr i
ntsdepi ctalsof inematdesi gns,provingtheirweav i
ngt echni
ques.The
patternsont heJōmonpot teryshowpeopl ewear ingshor tuppergarment s,close-
fitt
ing
trousers, f
unnel-
sleeves,andr ope-li
kebel ts.Thedepi ct
ionsalsoshowcl othingwithpat ter
ns
thatareembr oi
deredorpai ntedar cheddesi gns,t
houghi tisnotappar entwhet herthisi ndi
cates
whatt heclotheslooklikeorwhet herthatsimplyhappenst obet hest y
leofr epresentat
ionused.
Thepot teryalsoshowsnodi sti
nctionbetweenmal eandf emalegar ment s.Thismayhav ebeen
tr
uebecausedur ingthattimeper i
odclothingwasmor ef ordecorationthansoci aldisti
ncti
on,
butitmightal soj
ustbebecauseoft herepresent
ati
onont hepotteryratherthanhowpeopl e
actual
lydr essedatthet i
me.Si nceboneneedl eswerealsof ound,itisassumedt hattheywore
dressest hatweresewnt ogether.
[20]

Nextwast heYay oiperi

od,duri
ngwhi chri
cecul tivat
ionwasdev el
oped.Thi sl
edt oashi f
tfrom
hunter-gather ercommuni t
iestoagrariansocietieswhi chhadal argeimpactoncl othing.
Accor dingt oChineselit
eratur
efrom thatti
meper i
od,clot
hingmor eappropri
atetoagr icult
ure
begant obewor n.Forexample,anunsewnl engthoff abri
cwr appedar oundthebody ,
ora
poncho- typegar mentwi t
hahead- holecutintoit.Thissamel iter
aturealsoindicatesthatpi nkor
scarl
etmakeupwaswor nbutalsothatmanner i
smsbet weenpeopl eofallagesandgender s
werenotv er ydif
ferent
.Howev er,
thisisdebat ableast her
ewer epr obabl
yculturalprejudicesin
theChi nesedocument .ThereisacommonJapanesebel i
efthattheYay oiti
meper i
odwasqui te
utopianbef oreChineseinfl
uencebegant opr omot etheuseofcl othingtoindicateageand
gender .

From 300to550ADwast heYamat oper i

od,andher emuchoft heclothi
ngstylecanbeder i
ved
fr
om thearti
fact
soft heti
me.Thet ombst atues(haniwa)especi
allyt
ellusthattheclot
hing
styl
echangedf r
om theonesaccor dingtot heChineseaccountsfrom theprevi
ousage.The
stat
uesareusuallyweari
ngat wopi eceout fi
tthathasanupperpiecewi thafrontopeningand
cl
ose-cutsl
eeveswithloosetrousersf ormenandapl eatedski
rtforwomen.Si l
kfarminghad
beenintr
oducedbyt heChinesebyt histimeper i
odbutduet osil
k'
scosti twouldonlybeused
bypeopleofcertai
nclassesorranks.

Thefoll
owingper
iodsweretheAsuka(550to646AD)andNar a(646to794AD)whenJapan
devel
opedamor eunif
iedgover
nmentandbegant ouseChineselawsandsocial
rankings.
Thesenewl awsr
equir
edpeopletoweardiff
erentst
ylesandcol
orstoi
ndicat
esocialstatus.
Clot
hingbecamelongerandwideri
ngeneralandsewingmethodsweremor eadvanced.[
21]

Cl
assi
cal
Per
iodoft
hePhi
l
ippi
nes Edi
t

TheBoxerCodex,
showi
ngt
heat
ti
reofaCl
assi
cal
per
iodFi
l
ipi
no,
madeofsi
l
kandcot
ton.
Theclassi
cal Fil
ipi
nocl othi
ngv ari
edaccor dingt ocostandcur r entfashionsandsoi ndi cat ed
soci
alstanding.Thebasi cgar ment swer etheBahagandt hetubeski rt—whatt heMar anaocal l
malong—oral ightblanketwr appedar oundinstead.Butmor epr est
igiousclothes,li
hin-lihin,
wereaddedf orpubl i
cappear ancesandespeci all
yonf or
mal occasi ons—blousesandt uni cs,
l
oosesmockswi thsleeves, capes, orankle-l
engthr obes.Thet extil
esofwhi cht heywer emade
weresimil
arlyv ari
ed.Inascendi ngor derofvalue,theywer eabaca, abacadecor atedwi th
col
oredcot t
ont hread,cotton, cottondecor atedwithsi l
kthread, sil
k,importedpr i
ntstuff, andan
el
egantabacawov enofsel ectedf ibersalmostast hinassi l
k.Inaddi tion,
Pigafettament i
oned
bothG-str
ingsandski r
tsofbar kcloth.

Untai
loredclothes,howeverhadnopart
icularnames.Pandong, alady'
scloak, simplymeantany
natur
al cov
ering,li
kethegrowthonbananat r
unk'soranat alcaul.InPanay,thewor dkurong,
meaningcur l
yhai r
,wasappliedt
oanyshortskirtorblouse;andsomebet teronesmadeof
i
mpor tedchintzorcali
cower esi
mplycall
edbyt henameoft heclothitsel
f,tabas.So, too,t
he
wraparoundski r
ttheTagalogscal
ledt
apiswashar dlyconsideredaski rtatall
: Visayansjust
cal
ledithabul (
wov enstuf
f)orhal
ong(abaca)orev enhulun( sash).

Theusual maleheaddr esswast hepudong, atur ban, thoughi nPanaybot hmenandwomen

alsowor eaheadcl othorbandanacal l
edsapl ung.Commoner swor epudongofr oughabaca
clothwr appedar oundonl yaf ewt ur
nssot hati twasmor eofaheadbandt hanat ur
banandwas
thereforecal l
edpudong- pudong—ast hecr ownsanddi ademsonChr isti
animageswer elater
called.Ar edpudongwascal l
edmagal ong, andwast hei nsigniaofbr aveswhohadki ll
edan
enemy .Themostpr esti
giouski ndofpudong, li
mi tedt ot hemostv ali
ant,was, l
i
ket heirG-str
ings,
madeofpi nayusan, agauz e-t
hinabacaoff i
berssel ect edf ortheirwhiteness,ti
e-dyedadeep
scar l
etinpat ternsasf i
neasembr oi
der y,andbur nishedt oasi lkysheen.Suchpudongwer e
l
engt henedwi theachaddi t
ional featofv alor:real her oest hereforeletoneendhangl oosewi th
affectedcar elessness.Womengener all
ywor eaker chief,call
edt ubatubifitwaspul l
edt i
ght
ov erthewhol ehead; buttheyal sohadabr oad- br i
mmedhatcal l
edsay aport ar
indak,wov enof
sago- palml eaves.Somewer eev identlysignsofr ank: whenHumabon' squeenwentt ohear
massdur ingMagel l
an'sv i
sit,shewaspr ecededbyt hreegi rl
scar ryi
ngoneofherhat s.A
headdr essf rom Cebuwi thadeepcr own, usedbybot hsexesf ort r
avelonf ootorbyboat ,was
calledsar ok,whi chactuallymeantt ogof orwat er.[22]

Cl
assi
cal
Greece Edi
t

Mainar
ti
cles:
Clot
hingi
ntheanci
entwor
ld,
Clot
hingi
nanci
entGr
eece,
andCl
othi
ngi
nanci
ent
Rome
Gr
eekchi
ton(
lef
t)andchi
tonwor
nunderhi
mat
ion

Fabr i
ci nAncientGreecewaswov enonawar p-
wei ghtedloom.Thef ir
stextantimageof
weav ingi nwester
nar ti
sfrom ater
racott
alekythosi ntheMet r
opolit
anMuseum ofAr t
,NY.The
vase, c.550-530B.C.E.,
depict
stwowomenweav ingatanupr i
ghtloom.Thewar pt
hreads,
whi chr unvert
ical
lytoabaratthetop,aretiedt
oget herwithwei ght
satthebot tom,whichhold
them t aut.Thewomanont heri
ghtrunstheshut t
lecont ai
ningtheweav i
ngt hr
eadacrosst he
middl eoft hewarp.Thewomanont heleftusesabeat ert
oconsol i
datethealready
-wov en
threads. [
23]

Dressincl
assi
calant
iqui
tyf
avor
edwi
de,
unsewnl
engt
hsoff
abr
ic,
pinnedanddr
apedt
othe
bodyinvar
iousways.

AncientGr
eekclothingconsi
stedofl engt
hsofwool orli
nen,gener
all
yrectangularandsecured
attheshoul
derswi t
hornament edpinscall
edfi
bulaeandbel t
edwithasash.Ty picalgarments
werethepeplos,alooserobewor nbywomen; thechlamy s,
acloakwornbymen; andthechi
ton,
atunicwornbybot hmenandwomen.Men' schit
onshungt otheknees,whereaswomen' s
chi
tonsfel
ltotheirankl
es.Alongcloakcal l
edahimationwaswor noverthepepl osorchlamys.

Thet ogaofanci entRomewasal soanunsewnl engt hofwoolclot

h,wornbymal eci
tizens
drapedar oundthebodyi nv ar
iousfashions,overasi mpletuni
c.Earl
ytunicswer
etwosi mpl
e
rect
angl esjoi
nedatt heshouldersandsi des;l
atertunicshadsewnsl eev
es.Womenwor ethe
drapedst olaoranankle-l
engtht uni
c,withashawl -
likepall
aasanout ergarment
.Wool wasthe
preferr
edf abri
c,alt
houghlinen,hemp, andsmal lamount sofexpensi
v ei
mportedsil
kandcot ton
wereal sowor n.

I
ronAgeEur
ope Edi
t

TheIronAgei sbroadlyident i
fi
edasst r
etchi
ngfrom theendoft heBr onzeAgear ound1200BC
to500ADandt hebegi nningoft heMedi evalperi
od.Bodiesandclot hi
nghav ebeenf oundfrom
thi
sper i
od,pr
eserv edbyt heanaer obicandacidiccondit
ionsofpeatbogsi nnorthwestern
Europe.ADanishr ecreati
onofcl ot hi
ngfoundwi t
hsuchbodi esindicateswov enwool dresses,
tuni
csandski r
ts.[
24]Thesewer el argel
yunshapedandhel dinplacewi thleat
herbeltsand
metal br
oochesorpi ns.Garment swer enotalwaysplai
n,butincorporateddecorati
onwi th
contrast
ingcolours,part
icularl
yatt heendsandedgesoft hegarment .Menwor ebreeches,
possi blywit
hlowerlegswrappedforpr
ot ecti
on,alt
houghBoucherstat
est hatl
ongt r
ousers
hav eal sobeenfound.
[25]Warmthcamef rom woollenshawlsandcapesofani malskin,
probabl ywornwi t
hthefurfaci
nginwar
dsf oraddedcomf ort.Capswerewor n,
alsomadef rom
skins, andther
ewasanemphasi sonhairarrangements,f
rom brai
dstoelaborateSuebian
knot s.[
26]Softl
acedshoesmadef r
om l
eat herprot
ectedthefoot.