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GPON –Fundamentals
ONU
PSTN
Coverage ~5km
<3km <2km <1km
diameter
1490nm
1310nm
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fibre, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
– In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
– In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
Broadcast mode
TDMA mode
ODN Curb
m
250-700 ge
o ver a
Urban C
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC OLT
MDU
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTB OLT
ONU
Optical Networks Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTH OLT
ONT
Optical Line Termination Optical Networks Termination
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
• Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
ITU-T G.984.4
• GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
• OMCI message format
stack
• OMCI device management frame
• GTC frame
• OMCI working principle
• ONU registration and activation
• DBA specifications
• Alarms and performance
OLT
2 : N optical splitter
This type is a kind of whole-
network protection. Two routes
are provided between OLT and
ONU, ensuring recovery of
IFpon various faults.
Whole-network protection When the primary PON port on
IFpon the ONU or user line fails, ONU
automatically transfers services
to the secondary PON port. In
this way, services goes
2 : N optical ONU#N upstream through the
splitter IFpon secondary line and secondary
IFpon port on the OLT. Basically,
service outage will not occur.
Type C All-backup It is complex to realize it and not
cost-effective.
One port stays at idle state all
the time, causing low bandwidth
utilization.
Cross
Connection
function
PON core shell consists of two parts: PON interface function and PON TC function. PON TC
function includes framing, media access control, OAM, DBA, and delineation of Protocol Data
Unit (PDU) for the cross connect function, and ONU management.
The Cross-connect shell provides a communication path between the PON core
shell and the Service shell, as well as cross-connect functionality.
Service Shell provides translation between service interfaces and TC frame
interface of the PON section.
Service
adaptation
PON interface PON TC
function function
MUX/
DEMUX
The functional building blocks of the G-PON ONU are mostly similar to the
functional building blocks of the OLT. Since the ONU operates with only a single
PON Interface (or maximum 2 interfaces for protection purposes), the cross-
connect function can be omitted. However, instead of this function, service MUX
and DMUX function is specified to handle traffic.
O LT
O N T64
PLOu PLOA Mu PLS u DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
ONT A ONT B
DB A C RC
1,2,4bytes 1 bytes
Preamble Delimiter B IP ONU-ID Ind Ms g ID Mes s age C RC
ONU ID
A bytes B bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 10 bytes 1 bytes
PC Bd Payload PC Bd Payload
n n n +1 n
A cces s 1 A cces s 2 A c c es s n
…..
8 bytes 8 bytes 8 bytes
TDM
TDM data Payload
TDM fragment
TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.
This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services .
PLI
Inter packet gap
Port ID 5 bytes
Preamble PTI
SFD CRC
DA
SA GEM
Length\Type Payload
FEC
EOF
GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
into the GEM Payload.
GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It also
boasts good compatibility.
1# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONT
0# ONT
Fast-enable and disable ability
0# ONU
Non- fast AGC receiving
0# ONT
Pre-Assigned
Assigned EqD
ONU2
EqD
OLT ONU3
Actual Reception
Desired Start of
of S/N Resonse
Desired Reception
of SN Response
U/S Frame
ONU
Pre-Assigned
Response
EqD Sstart
Time
ONU in
Ranging
Transmission of S/N Response
for Pre-ranged ONU
Reception of D/S Frame
state
U/S BW Map
containing
Ranging Request
Why DBA?
--- It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
--- More users can be added on a PON port.
--- Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.
Typ e 1 T-C O N T is of th e fixe d b and wid th typ e and m ainly u s e d for s e rvice s s e ns itive to d e lay and s e rvice s of
h igh e r p rioritie s , s u ch as vo ice s e rvice s .
Typ e 2 and typ e 3 T-C O N T is of th e gu arante e d b and wid th typ e and m ainly u s e d fo r vid e o s e rvice s and d ata
s e rvice s of h igh e r p rio ritie s .
Typ e 4 is of th e b e s t-e ffort typ e an d m ainly u s e d for d ata s e rvice s (s u ch as Inte rn e t an d e m ail), and s e rvice s of
lowe r p rioritie s . Th e s e s e rvice s d o not re qu ire h igh b and wid th .
Typ e 5 is of th e m ixe d T-C O N T typ e , involving all b and wid th typ e s and b e arin g all s e rvice s .
( a ) There are four T-CONT types on ONUs ( b ) There is only Type5 T-CONT on ONUs
DBA algorithm
logic C ontrol
p latform
B W Map
D ata
p latform
T-C ONT
S cheduler
T-C ONT
D BA b lock in th e O LT co ns tan tly co lle cts inform atio n from D BA re p orts , and s e nd s th e algo rith m re s u lt in th e
form of B W M ap to O N U s .
B as e d on th e B W M ap , e ach O N U s e nd s u p s tre am b u rs t d ata on tim e s lots s p e cifie d to th e m s e lve s and u tilize s
th e u p s tre am b and wid th .
NSR is an algorithm scheme that realizes DBA. It helps to predict the bandwidth
allocated to each ONU based on the traffic from ONUs.
Procedure:
Step1: Monitor the number of cells received by OLT within the specified
interval.
Step2: Use the result of real time monitoring in step 1 to calculate the
utilization rate.
Step3: Recognize the congestion status by comparing the utilization rate
with the specified limits.
D
Dj
Di
i j t
VOIP
Traffic-flow Service
Scheduling differentia
VOD GPON
DATA And buffer based on
TDM control 802.1p
VOIP
Traffic-flow Service
VOD Scheduling differentia
GPON based on
DATA And buffer
TDM control 802.1p
802.1p
Ethernet
VOIP
COS
bridging
BTV
GE/10GE Queuing &
DATA Non- GPON
BSR scheduling
TDM
blocking
switching DBA GPON
OLT
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
TDM Gateway
PSTN
1 1 1 End User
1 ONT
3
1
1 Decryption
2
3
1
1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 End User
OLT ONT 2
2
Encryption Decryption
1
3
2
1
3 3 3 End User
AES: Advanced Encrypt System 1 ONT
3
A globally-used encryption algorithm Decryption
S h o rt
C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd c o d e w o rd
D a ta D a ta
P a rity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a rity
PCBd D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s
b y te s b y te s
D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 1 c o d e w o rd # 2 c o d e w o rd # 3 c o d e w o rd # 4 c o d e w o rd # 5 c o d e w o rd # 6
PC Bd P a y lo a d (D a ta b y te s )
9108 T Ss
Output
Input
2:N optical
splitter
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is
inherently more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a
1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3
dB.
SNMP
TR069
OMCI
ONT OLT BRAS
Application scenario
NMS 2000
Access Network
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT 3
2
STB ONT ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number ONT
User ONT
Terminal activation
Daily management
Service provisioning
Maintenance personnel use activation code generator to generate
terminal activation code (including IADMS IP, PPPoE user name
and password). Users input activation code on terminals,
terminals register on IADMS upon power-up and the IADMS
makes auto-configuration on terminals.
Process and Networking
1 for services
Subscribe
4
Generating activation code
UMS
3 Configure IADMS 2 Configure SoftX
Activation code generator IADMS
5
Send activation code and terminal to users 7
Configure terminals automaticallythroughTR069
Access Network SoftX3000
BB service platform
PC TL1/CORBA VoD
/API Notification Server
Middle
SFU Carrier’s OSS
ware
IPTV
NMS
Phone
Ethernet Intern
L et
VDS MDU IP Core
CPE
MSE
Splitter OLT
PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch
CBU
Base station
FE
E1
IP
Voice
PBX
Video
EDFA
( Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ) 1550nm
Central Voice/Data
Customer