171 TABLES172 “ [BLANK PAGE] _Table No. 173 LIST OF TABLES Guidance on Site Investigation Content of Site Investigation Material Decomposition Grades for Weathered Granite and Volcanic Rocks in Hong Kong Common Types of Core-barrels, Casings and Drilling Rods That Are Used in Hong Kong Sample Quality Classes Notes on Logging Filter Design Criteria To Be Used in Hong Kong Typical Calculations for the Design of Filters Recommended Factors of Safety for New Slopes for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall Typical Examples of Slope Failures in Each Risk-to- life Category Typical Examples of Slope Failures in Each Economic Risk Category Recommended Factors of Safety for the Analysis of Existing Slopes and for Remedial and Preventive Works to Slopes for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall Methods of Stability Analysis for Soil Slopes Methods of Stability Analysis for Rock Slopes Rock Slope Stabilisation Measures Recommended Factors of Safety for Gravity Retaining Walls for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall Effects of Vegetation on Slope Stability Slope Angle Limitations on Establishment of Vegetation Characteristics of Grass Species Commonly Used in Hong Kong Characteristics of Shrub Species Commonly Used in Hong Kong Characteristics of Tree Species Commonly Used in Hong Kong Page No. ae 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 190 191 192 193Table No. 1 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 12.1 174 Typical Hydroseeding Mix Schematic Flow Chart for Planning a Monitoring Operation Piezometer Types Load Cells Interval between Maintenance Inspections Summary of Aerial Photographs Available from Lands Department Map Catalogue Page No. 194 195 196 = 198 198 cee)oe 5) younsnton = satay seuuroaes uo12e613s9nur @7LS UO aoueping - Te ager176 Table 2.2 - Content of Site Investigation Angle of Natural Hillside in the Vicinity of the Site Risk Category 0° to 20° 20° to 40° Greater than 40° Negligible Examination of terrestrial photocraphs, aerial photos and geological maps. Survey of 1. topographical, geological and surface drainage features 2. hydrological features. Geological mapping of 1, surface features. 2. structures. Investigation holes, such as trial pits, boreholes or driliholes, as appropriate. Sampling 1. quality class 4 ) 2. quality class 3 ) see Table 2.5 3. quality class 1 or 2) Field measurements of 1. groundwater level. 2. permeability. Laboratory tests 1. classification tests 2. density tests for fi1] materials 3. strength tests for soils and rock joints Note : (1) This Table is intended to provide guidance only. (2) Vane testing may be appropriate in marine silts or other fine grained soils | Installation of instruments for long term monitoring of displacements and pore pressures, should be considered during the site investigation stage (Chapter 10). (3) Chemical tests will be required if aggressive soil/water is suspected in the vicinity of steel or concrete.aR Ey Table 2.3 - Material Decomposition Grades for Weathered Granite and Volcanic Rocks in Hong Kong(!) Grade | description Typical Distinctive Characteristics(®) ih A soil formed by weathering in place but with original texture o ie) of rock completely destroyed. Rock wholly decomposed but rock texture preserved Completely (3) No rebound from N Schmidt hammer‘? v decomposed a) i: Slekes readily in water Geological pick easily indents surface when pushed Rock weakened so that large pieces can be broken by hand Positive N Schnidt rebound value up to 25 Highly Does not slake readily in water cece Geological pick cannot be pushed into surface a rock Hand penetrometer strength index greater than 250 kPa Individual grains may be plucked from surface Conpletely discoloured Moderately Considerably weathered but possessing strength such that pieces an a 55 am diameter cannot be broken by hand ae N Schmidt rebound value 25 to 45 Rock material not friable Discoloured along discontinuities slightly Strength approaches that of fresh rock a eee N Schmidt rebound value areater than 45 oe More than one blow of geological hamner to break specimen il Fresh rock No visible signs of weathering, not discoloured — Note : (1) This Table is based on Moye (1955) and Hencher & Martin (1982). (2) These characteristics may be affected by moisture content and microfracturing. (3) N Schmidt rebound hamner values are for the hanmer held horizontally. After seating’ blows, take the average of the highest five of ten blows at the same location. Only record as zero if there is no rebound. This index test is not applicable for the description of drilicore. (4) Samples which are already saturated are less likely to slake. (5) The presence of residual quartz in decomposed coarse grained rocks can result jn wice variation of hand penetrometer values. Take an average of ten values avoiding cisturbed or friable areas and divide by two to arrive at the strength index,178 =sua3sAs poi/6ulseo pue S[a4eq-a409 pastuBosa4 4ay}0 Jo uoLsnLoxa ayy ALdaly OU P[NoYs pue aALysneyxa you SL ysEL Sty) (2) *(satuas x) sua4SKS paldnos ysn[s ay3 Jo peaysuL pasn Mou aie (SaL4as M) Spor pue sbulses paquLof ysnid (T) + 810N 68 68 MH MH 9st ee got 89L TOT Tol Sb 6EL wauL | 13935 aids anya tm 40 ut IM aqnd aldial weos7aty 43304 (ows) JW-3b ‘asn paqe [0S] L9 - He] MN MN AN 901 zor 201 sil vIT vit saul {9038 teids qnoyz1m 40 43M aqnz apdial lweog /aity 4a7eN WH Papuauuose. 70U St SLy3 yBnoy3,e ‘pasn ‘8q ued GUISE? MH MN Ort pissed foo wu 94 4aiM aqny atdiay 4alzey ~~ asn paze[os] 4atzew YzLM pas, asn paqe os] AN MN MN, MN 68 Ort 68 68 asn pa}e [os] MH MH MH MH AN sit 891 Opt vit 68 auoN 3noyr LM aqng aiqnop ULem utuL TOI-91 TOI-2L 92-21 MNL nour tm aqny aiqnog squauuog (ww) “ao Jazauerg ao) (uu) 43} au 1G aprsano 3g 403924734 adhy sBulseg $|auarg-au0g Buoy Buoy UL pasn aay ZY, Spoy BULL [LAG PUR S6uLse) ‘Slasseg-a407 40 sadxy uoWoD - 4°z aLquL179 Table 2.5 - Sample Quality Classes Purpose Soil Properties Obtainable Typical Sampling Procedure Laboratory data on undisturbed soils Laboratory data on undisturbed insensitive soils Total strength parameters Effective strength parameters Compressibility Density and porosity Water content Fabric Remoulded properties Piston thin-walled sampler with water balance. Air-foam flush triple-tube core barrel. Block samples. Pressed or driven thin or thick-walled sampler with water balance. Water flush triple- tube core-barrel. Fabric examination and laboratory data Water content Fabric Remoulded properties Pressed or driven thin or thick-walled samplers. Water balance in highly permeable soils. SPT liner samples. Laboratory data on remoulded soils, sequence of strata Remoulded properties Bulk and jar samples Approximate sequence of strata only Washings180 Table 2.6 - Notes on Logging A. Trial Pit Logs (1) All faces of the trial pit should be logged. The orientation of all sides should be recorded’ and preferably shown in a plan sketch on the log. (2} Water levels recorded on logs should be dated and the time noted. B. Borehole Logs (1) Water levels should be read and recorded (a) before boring starts in the morning, (b) after the lunch break, and (c) at the end of the working day. (2) The sections of the hole from which the undisturbed samples are recovered should be shaded in on the log to indicate percentage recovery. The number of blows required to drive the sampler should also be recorded. (3) The standard penetration test result is given as an N value. (4) Results of all field tests should be given on the log. C. Drillhole Logs (1) Quantity and colour of water return are estimated visually. (2) Penetration rate of drilling, if required, can be given by any convenient method using numbers or diagrams, providing the system is explained on the logs. (3) Core recovery can be shown graphically, numberically or by both methods. (4) Various fracture indices which are measured on the core can be given. Those shown on the logs are RQD and average fracture spacing. Other indices (not shown) are: fractures per metre over a given length, usually shown as a diagram; percentage of solid core recovered, usually indicated as a number and maximum, minimum and mean core lengths, given as a diagram or a number. Details of instruments can either be shown in diagram form or as a note.181 Table 4.1 - Filter Design Criteria To Be Used in Hong Kong Filter Design Rule Requirement DISF. < 5 x D85S¢ DISF, < 40 x D15S_ Stability (i.e. the pores in the filter must be smal] D50F. < 25 x D50S_ enough to prevent infiltration of the material being drained) Should not be gap graded D1SF , >5x D15S, Permeability (i.e. the filter must Not more than 5% to pass 75 um sieve and this fraction to be cohesionless be much more permeable than the material being drained) D60F Uniformity Coefficient 4 < Dior < 20 Segregation (ive. the filter must not become segregated Maximum size of particle should not be greater than 75 mm or contaminated prior to, during, and after installation) : + D60S (1) For uniform soils (i.e. i905 < Rule 2 should be 20 x D15S¢- 4) the criterion given in (2) In this Table, D15F is used to designate the 15% size of the filter material (i.e. the size of the sieve that allows 15% by weight of the filter material to pass through it). Similarly, DB5S designates the size of sieve that allows 85% by weight of the base soil to pass through it. The subscrip c denotes the coarse side of the envelope and subscript f denotes the fine side.182 Table 4.2 - Typical Calculations for the Design of Filters Filter Design Rule Soil To Be Protected (mm) < 5 x 0865S, 085S_ DISF.< - < 40 x D15S_ DISS, D1SF, < 7.2 <5 x DISS. D50S_ DS0F, < 12 > 5 x DISS, D15S,. D1SF, a Uniformity Coefficients Uniformity Coefficient Note : (1) In this example calculation, the soil to be protected is the USCE sand filter (A) shown in Figure 4.9. The calculated grading for the drainage material is also shown in Figure 4.9. (2) The filter design rules used in the calculation are those shown in Table 4.1.183 Table 5.1 - Recommended Factors of Safety for New Slopes for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall Recommended Factor of Safety against Loss of Life for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall RISK TO LIFE ECONOMIC RISK Negligible Low High e SS Negligible >1.0 lee: 1.4 5 Se Se £8 eg 82 Low 1.2 1.2 14 oe a Sv 25 ee 3° Hg Bo BY High 14 1.4 1.4 ea 2 In addition to a factor of safety of 1.4 for a ten-year return period rainfall, a slope in the high risk-to-life category should have a factor of safety of 1.1 for the predicted worst groundwater conditions. The factors of safety given in this Table are recommended values. Higher or lower factors of safety might be warrante in particular situations in respect of economic Toss. (2184 Table 5.2 - Typical Examples of Slope Failures in Each Risk-to-Life Category Risk to Life Example Negligible Failure affecting country parks and lightly used open-air recreation areas. Failures affecting roads with low traffic density. Failures affecting storage compounds (non-dangerous goods). Failures affecting densely used open spaces and recreational facilities (e.g. sitting-out areas, playgrounds, car parks). Failures affecting roads with high vehicular or pedestrian traffic density. Failures affecting public waiting areas (e.g. railway platforms, bus stops, petrol stations). Failures affecting occupied buildings (e.g. residential, educational, commercial, industrial). Failures affecting buildings storing dangerous goods. Example ) Failures affecting country parks. Failures affecting rural (B), feeder, district distributor and local distributor roads which are not sole accesses. Failures affecting open-air car parks. Failures affecting rural (A) or prinary distributor roads which are not sole accesses. Failures affecting essential services which could cause loss of that service for a temporary period (e.¢. power, water and gas mains). Failures affecting rural or urban trunk roads or roads of strategic importance. Failures affecting essential services, which could cause loss of that service for an extended period. Failures affecting buildings, which could cause excessive structural damage. These examples are for guidance only. The designer must decide for himself the degree of economic risk and must balance the potential economic risk in event of a failure against the increased construction costs required to achieve a higher factor of safety.185 Table 5.4 - Recommended Factors of Safety for the Analysis of Existing Slopes and for Remedial and Preventive Works to Slopes for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall Recommended Factor of Safety Against Loss of Life for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall Risk to Life Negligible Note : (1) These factors of safety are minimum values to be used only where rigorous geological and geotechnical studies have been carried out, where the slope has been standing for a considerable time, and where the loading conditions, the groundwater regime and the basic form of the modified slope remain substantially the same as those of the existing slope. Should the back-analysis approach be adopted for the design of remedial or preventive works, it may be assumed that the existing slope had a minimum factor of safety of 1.0 for the worst known loading and groundwater conditions. For a failed or distressed slope, the causes of the failure or distress must be specifically identified and taken into account in the design of the remedial works.186 susaysue6so4 01 aarjouionie ut Se pos a wey (cor) ewes 4018172109 © u3Em pase og ue> ang S1GELsERe suipets ib you saueudose sy¢hu05 ‘Aoeuna3e 40 ssn. yaya aut Bu sanuoy ayenbyasea Gupsn Aq pounbos ‘Sworneasay oui S03rpad YOUum 251d "F wiarsuabicy jo uortest pou seynoa13-40y aor 40 suskisue oq Jey. 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For a wall with Capacity : a toe slope, overall stability of the of the slope must be adequate Slope : Failure Refer to Section 5.2 Note : (1) The factors of safety for remedial and preventive works are minimum values to be used only where rigorous structural, geological and geotechnical studies have been carried out, where the wall has been standing for a considerable time, and where the loading conditions, the groundwater regime and the basic form of the modified wall remain substantially the same as those of the existing wall. (2) Should the back-analysis approach be adopted for the design of remedial or preventive works, it may be assumed that the existing wall had a minimum factor of safety of 1.0 for the worst known loading and groundwater conditions. (3) For a failed or distressed wall, the causes of the failure or distress must be specifically identified and taken into account in the design of the remedial works.190 Table 8.1 - Effects of Vegetation on Slope Stability BENEFICIAL FACTORS Interception of rainfall by foliage, including evaporative losses Depletion of soil moisture and increase of soil suction by root uptake and transpiration Mechanical reinforcement by roots Restraint by buttressing and soil arching between tree trunks Surcharging the slope by large (heavy) trees * Arresting the roll of loose boulders by trees ADVERSE FACTORS Surcharging the slope by large (heavy) trees * Naintaining infiltration capacity Root wedging of near-surface rocks and boulders and uprooting in typhoon Legend : hydrological mechanical This mechanism may be either beneficial or adverse to sy depending on particular site factors (see Gray, Table 8.2 - Slope Angle Limitations on Establishment of Vegetation Establishment of oo Low in difficulty; routine | Low difficulty; routine 7 planting techniques may planting techniques may slope be used be used Increasingly difficult for 30° - 45° | sprigging or turfings Increasingly difficult to slope routine application for plant hydroseeding Greater than | Special consideration Planting must generally 45° slope required be on benches191 Table 8.3 - Characteristics of Grass Species Commonly Used in Hong Kong Botanical | Height Name (m) Characteristics Root system is extensive and strong, effective for erosion control, compatible with shrub and tree 0.3-0.5 |planting, well adapted to wide range of sites, good shade, drought and wear tolerance; early growth rate may be slow. Paspalum notatum Root system is extensive, effective Cynodon 0.3. | for erosion control, well adapted to dactylon : a wide range of sites; browns in winter. Bermuda Root system is extensive and strong, Cenchrus Buffel ciliaris 0.7-1.5 | fire and drought tolerant, will grow on infertile sites. Root system shallow but effective Carpet Axonopus 0.1-0.2 | for erosion control, usually planted compressus by sprigging/turfing; prefers moist conditions, browns in the winter. Will grow on infertile sites, easily Centipede | Eremochtoa 0.2 [established, effective for erosion : control. Chloris Tufted*, aggressive, fire tolerant; — gayana 9.5-1-0 Trot recommended for general use. : : Quick germination and good early Perennial | Lolium | 0.1-0.9 |growth, winter sowing recommended; ”" [ does not survive very hot weather. Tufted*, aggressive; chokes out other Weeping | Eragrostis | 9 ¢.9.9 |9rasses, browns in winter and may Love curvula . . create a fire hazard; not recommended for general use. Legend : id Tufted denotes a cluster of shoots arising from a common root system, and may not be as effective for erosion control as nontufted grasses. All species listed are perennial (1on192 Table 8.4 - Characteristics of Shrub Species Commonly Used in Hong Kong — Extreme Shrub Species Conditions Tolerated Scientific Name Shady sites Rural Situation Rocky sites Wet soils Exposed sites Urban Situation Allamanda Cathartica |Allamanda Duranta Repens Golden Dewdrops Gordonia Axillaris Gordonia Hibiscus Species Hibiscus Melastoma Species Nerium Indicum Oleander Rhaphiolepis Indica Hong Kong Hawthorr Rhododendron Species | Rhododendron Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa |Rose Myrtle Thevetia Peruviana Yellow Oleander Tithonia Diversifolia (Mexican Sunflowe’ Terms used in Tables 8.4 and 8.5 are defined as followed : (a) Wet soils : groundwater level near the surface for most of the year. (b) Exposed sites : windy site with southerly to westerly aspect (dip direction). (c) Shady sites : shaded by buildings or a steep northerly aspect. (d) Salt spray : marine sites usually within 100 m of the sea. (e) Typhoon tolerant : resists breakage of limbs in a typhoon or, if broken, is able to regenerate. (f) Fire tolerant : able to regenerate after being burned.gee) Table 8.5 - Characteristics of Tree Species Commonly Used in Hong Kong Extreme Conditions Tolerated Growth Tree Species Height Rate . 5 j 2 S|. Scientific Common i | 8 Ziel se Name Name ee 8/15/38) 2) 8) n . a\cig|a Sle 's nN = 3/8 S| §| 8 Bee) || a) ete es =| ae See S| Seles se éi5{@ 2/5/22 5/8 sl ele t Acacia : | Confusa ae [i ly oo = Albizza Lebbek | Lebbek Tree _ i vay Alnus Japanese | Formosana Alder v Feel Bauhinia v v | [Casuarina | Horsetail i |. I : [ Equisetifolia | Tree uv Me Casuarina | Long-Leaved | Stricta Tronwood | ¥ a v Viele i Celtis "Chinese | Sinensis Hackberry | ¥ v io v Eucalyptus | | Torreiliana | v v v v viv Leucaena White : | | Leucocephala Popinac | vio ivy ivjyviv ca oe = Pinus* Slash Elliottii Pine v Y viviv Tristania Brisbane Conferta ox | Legend : a May be adversely affected by the disease pine wilt nematode in some locations (1) See Table 8.4 for definition of terms used. (2) All species listed have proven to be acceptable and successful on both cut slopes and fill slopes and have sufficient root systems to resist uprooting in typhoons.194 Table 9.1 - Typical Hydroseeding Mix Application Rate(2) Mix (4) (g/m?) Component Grass seed'3) 100 Fertitiser(4) 170 ~ 250 Fibrous mulch (1) Dye and soil stabiliser may also be included. (2) Application rate should be computed on slope distances rather than horizontal or vertical projections of area. (3) A three species mix containing chiefly Bermuda and Bahia is often used (refer to Table 8.3). (4) This rate is for a chemical composition of 15 : 15 : 15 (Nitrogen : Phosphorus : Potassium) and should be adjusted when other compositions are used. Follow up fertiliser applications are also recommended.pe) Table 10.1 - Schematic Flow Chart for Planning a Monitoring Operation i GROUND BEHAVIOUR WARNING LEVELS AND CONTINGENCY ACTION PROJECT DEFINITION Geometry; geology; groundwater; stress; construction programme ' GROUND BEHAVIOUR Mechanism; critical locations; magnitudes; rates ' CONTINGENCY PLANNING Decisions on hazard warning levels; action plans if warning levels exceeded 2 GENERAL MONITORING TERMS OF REFERENCE Monitoring objectives; budget ‘ WHAT TO MEASURE Displacement; waters pressure; load + WHERE TO MEASURE Identify key locations and depths; establish priorities $ WHEN TO MEASURE Project duration; frequency of readings; frequency of reports BS DETAILED MONITORING PLAN PERSONNEL No, of persons; alloc ation of responsibi- lities; liaison and reporting channels ' INSTRUMENTS Selection; calibra- tion; detailed layout + INSTALLATION Define installation locations, times and procedures + MONITORING Define detailed monitoring programme ' DATA PROCESSING Draft & print data sheets and graphs; set up computation procedures + REPORTING Define reporting requirements; timings contents; responsi- bilities196 ua we abeys galeasay auoydsonz 1- pu o t wsauan sat fuse seourisip 1104s woyaans aod Go. ansean wo} 931049 354 Pouinbas Sayajeo seynbay aigeatdauat Ub230 abesen [epuek peas on aiduis “demu auenayas 204 pauueap 99 veg ateeioen aroyésoune Tai se yauauystsg pias oa Biesope4 am 0unysuay nog sy warso tage ang 394 enoge sy pisey oak souers st 338 Popuaauos94 £|1e19488 30H 34 0uu2> pu oy 39011 buypaos Dior ‘ntsuadis Canage = shemte $1 povsoxo 04 oq sue9t dy yaoge apt yuaanasut Saya wala soxssaueer Kasten teas posnboa aige> hraeds 4093, anoaw sy aay aie Burjeagia shinee “ob8 s0|397s 96ar4 os Dub [anal saqenpunot wotag séenie 150018 Gus soum 919835 Kio jauod ao asaem 0d 31 Bupppays jo powaen 2 eu geno. o6net ‘aeaus An8 ay sia[ tax ss01 Boot sus yaane (eas ea 10) UN uae paula 65111895 wna fap “andce Sy deg Sates pasgeap 2 wey ae oui) sounssaud ueiseaue 404 pue pasineas BuLpea! Sposa uodm [eyesn yoerze 3u2pea 09 auaeyy Burana passnoasn heessazau bus ainda “pos Atyemn bane sbneg a1qussod auausunseoe seed 04 suesapou = saan tou sanssoug Susycsoune puuny Ur soe = Sbneb uopanog poo an 20N, wa7shs 2 yneuphy 2 dus aunspauu 03 paainbau $s3098 ‘ON uoLsouso> 07 qoatgns sa6ne6 aunssaad 3daoxo poog yoee ot yneupay pasn S{ saonpsuedy & gt Bujio3,uoW waz 6ud/ 4OL BLGRILNS 7SOW Ayquauew.sad paq2euu0s 07 Spaau abneg “yeaL saqng DtLNepxy uo | 139 PeO| JL SLLeg wazsks aqeaado 03 31duts yeonpsuea quawase|dsip aeauL | UakM biqissod ‘abneb LeLp ULM ION 1199 peor OL uneuphy vol epuauluosay soBequeapesig ay30 sabequenpy Burpeay azouey S{L99 peoy - €°OT aLqeL AULLegeL Ly ua] Bu07198 Table 11.1 - Interval between Maintenance Inspections Recommended Interval Slopes in the Negligible or Inspecting Officer Slopes in the High Risk-to-life Category | | oy Risk-to-life Category Technical Officer 6 months 1 year Engineer 2 years a Note : (1) Slopes in the high, low and negligible risk-to-life categories are defined in Chapter 5. (2) In certain cases where the risk-to-life is high, it may be necessary to seek advice from a geotechnical engineer. Table 12.1 - Summary of Aerial Photographs Available from Lands Department Year of Photographs Remarks, 1924, 1945, 1949, 1950, 1954 Photographs taken by RAF. Partial 1956, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 coverage of the territory only Photographs taken by Hunting Survey 1963, 1964, 1967 Ltd. Full coverage of the territory| available Photographs taken by Crown Lands and 1968, 1969, 1970 Survey Office. Partial coverage of the territory only Photographs taken annually by Lands 1972 onwards Department. Full coverage of the territory available199 Table 12.2 - Map Catalogue Number of ten coverage y overag cate Cony 2884) Large Scale (Basic) Plans 1600 (50 Ft. to 1 in.) Hang Kong 140 1:1 200 (100 ft. to 1 in.) NT & Islands} 1000 (approx.) 1:1 000 (replacing 1:600 Kowloon 126 ‘and 1:1 200 series) Hong Kong 192 NT & Islands uz Medium Scale (Derived) Pans: 500 d Urban 1 1:5 000 Urban NT 1:7 $00 Street Maps Urban & NY Township 1:18 000 Urban Topographic Maps 1:10 900 Lesa Ful) {Obsolete} 1:20 900 wmeoc Ful 1:50 900 esoct, Ful 1:100 900 en.00cL runt Special Maps official Guide Map Tmooce 6.50 Countryside Series (2) Hone Kong Istand cresc 10.00, (b) New Territories- West crsoc 10.00 (c) Lantaw & Islands cwsse 10.00 (6) Sai Hung & Clear Water Bay cresc 10.00 - Geological Report & Mep/Map only 60.00/16.00 Streets & Places Guide Books i), vol. 1 HK & Islands ii) Vol. IT Kowloon & WT Maps for HK Annual Reports Miscellaneous Aerial photographs - copies available by special order Approved Town Planning Development and Layout Plans200 [BLANK PAGE]