Robert Frost

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This article is about the poet. For other people with the same name, see Robert
Frost (disambiguation).
Robert Frost
Robert Frost in 1941
Robert Frost in 1941
Born Robert Lee Frost
March 26, 1874
San Francisco, California, US
Died January 29, 1963 (aged 88)
Boston, Massachusetts, US
Occupation Poet, playwright
Alma mater Dartmouth College
(no degree)
Harvard University
(no degree)
Notable works A Boy's Will, North of Boston[1]
Notable awards Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, Congressional Gold Medal
Spouse Elinor Miriam White
(m. 1895; died 1938)
Children 6
Signature
Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 � January 29, 1963) was an American poet. His work
was initially published in England before it was published in America. Known for
his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial
speech,[2] Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New England in
the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and philosophical
themes.

Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime and is the only poet to receive
four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. He became one of America's rare "public literary
figures, almost an artistic institution."[3] He was awarded the Congressional Gold
Medal in 1960 for his poetic works. On July 22, 1961, Frost was named poet laureate
of Vermont.

Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early years
1.2 Adult years
1.3 Personal life
2 Work
2.1 Style and critical response
2.2 Themes
2.3 Influenced by
2.4 Influenced
3 Pulitzer Prizes
4 Poet laureate of Vermont
5 Nobel prize nominations
6 Legacy
7 Selected works
7.1 Poetry collections
7.2 Plays
7.3 Prose books
7.4 Letters
7.5 Omnibus volumes
7.6 Spoken word
8 See also
9 Notes
10 Sources
11 External links
Biography
Early years

Robert Frost, circa 1910

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott
Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie.[2] His mother was a Scottish immigrant, and his
father descended from Nicholas Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to
New Hampshire in 1634 on the Wolfrana.

Frost was a descendant of Samuel Appleton, one of the early settlers of Ipswich,
Massachusetts, and Rev. George Phillips, one of the early settlers of Watertown,
Massachusetts.[4]

Frost's father was a teacher and later an editor of the San Francisco Evening
Bulletin (which later merged with The San Francisco Examiner), and an unsuccessful
candidate for city tax collector. After his death on May 5, 1885, the family moved
across the country to Lawrence, Massachusetts, under the patronage of (Robert's
grandfather) William Frost, Sr., who was an overseer at a New England mill. Frost
graduated from Lawrence High School in 1892.[5] Frost's mother joined the
Swedenborgian church and had him baptized in it, but he left it as an adult.

Although known for his later association with rural life, Frost grew up in the
city, and he published his first poem in his high school's magazine. He attended
Dartmouth College for two months, long enough to be accepted into the Theta Delta
Chi fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at various jobs, including
helping his mother teach her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers, and
working in a factory maintaining carbon arc lamps. He did not enjoy these jobs,
feeling his true calling was poetry.

Adult years

Robert Frost's 85th birthday in 1959

In 1894, he sold his first poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" (published in the
November 8, 1894, edition of the New York Independent) for $15 ($443 today). Proud
of his accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White, but she
demurred, wanting to finish college (at St. Lawrence University) before they
married. Frost then went on an excursion to the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and
asked Elinor again upon his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were
married at Lawrence, Massachusetts on December 19, 1895.

Frost attended Harvard University from 1897 to 1899, but he left voluntarily due to
illness.[6][7][8] Shortly before his death, Frost's grandfather purchased a farm
for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; Frost worked the farm for nine years
while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would
later become famous. Ultimately his farming proved unsuccessful and he returned to
the field of education as an English teacher at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy
from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State
University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

In 1912, Frost sailed with his family to Great Britain, settling first in
Beaconsfield, a small town outside London. His first book of poetry, A Boy's Will,
was published the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances,
including Edward Thomas (a member of the group known as the Dymock poets and
Frost's inspiration for "The Road Not Taken"[9]), T. E. Hulme, and Ezra Pound.
Although Pound would become the first American to write a favorable review of
Frost's work, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American
prosody.[10] Frost met or befriended many contemporary poets in England, especially
after his first two poetry volumes were published in London in 1913 (A Boy's Will)
and 1914 (North of Boston).

The Robert Frost Farm in Derry, New Hampshire, where he wrote many of his poems,
including "Tree at My Window" and "Mending Wall."
In 1915, during World War I, Frost returned to America, where Holt's American
edition of A Boy's Will had recently been published, and bought a farm in
Franconia, New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, teaching, and
lecturing. This family homestead served as the Frosts' summer home until 1938. It
is maintained today as The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference site. He was
made an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard[11] in 1916. During the years
1917�20, 1923�25, and, on a more informal basis, 1926�1938, Frost taught English at
Amherst College in Massachusetts, notably encouraging his students to account for
the myriad sounds and intonations of the spoken English language in their writing.
He called his colloquial approach to language "the sound of sense."[12]

In 1924, he won the first of four Pulitzer Prizes for the book New Hampshire: A
Poem with Notes and Grace Notes.[13] He would win additional Pulitzers for
Collected Poems in 1931,[14] A Further Range in 1937,[15] and A Witness Tree in
1943.[16]

For forty-two years � from 1921 to 1962 � Frost spent almost every summer and fall
teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College, at its mountain
campus at Ripton, Vermont. He is credited as a major influence upon the development
of the school and its writing programs. The college now owns and maintains his
former Ripton farmstead, a National Historic Landmark, near the Bread Loaf campus.
[17] In 1921 Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927 when he returned to teach at
Amherst. While teaching at the University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime
appointment at the University as a Fellow in Letters.[18] The Robert Frost Ann
Arbor home was purchased by The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan and
relocated to the museum's Greenfield Village site for public tours. Throughout the
1920s, Frost also lived in his colonial era home in Shaftsbury, VT. The home opened
as the Robert Frost Stone House Museum[19] in 2002 and was given to Bennington
College in 2017.[19]

In 1934, Frost began to spend winter months in Florida.[20] In March 1935, he gave
a talk at the University of Miami.[20] In 1940, he bought a 5-acre (2.0 ha) plot in
South Miami, Florida, naming it Pencil Pines; he spent his winters there for the
rest of his life.[20] In her memoir about Frost's time in Florida, Helen Muir
writes, "Frost had called his five acres Pencil Pines because he said he had never
made a penny from anything that did not involve the use of a pencil."[20] His
properties also included a house on Brewster Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Harvard's 1965 alumni directory indicates Frost received an honorary degree there.
Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees,
including ones from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and was the only
person to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime,
the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L. Frost School in
Lawrence, Massachusetts, and the main library of Amherst College were named after
him.

"I had a lover's quarrel with the world." The epitaph engraved on his tomb is an
excerpt from his poem "The Lesson for Today."
In 1960, Frost was awarded a United States Congressional Gold Medal, "In
recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture of the United States and
the philosophy of the world,"[21] which was finally bestowed by President Kennedy
in March 1962.[22] Also in 1962, he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal for
outstanding contribution to the arts by the MacDowell Colony.[23]

Frost was 86 when he read at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy on January 20,
1961. Frost originally attempted to read his poem "Dedication", which was written
for the occasion, but was unable to read it due to the brightness of the sunlight,
so he recited his poem "The Gift Outright" from memory instead.[24]

In the summer of 1962, Frost accompanied Interior Secretary Stewart Udall on a

visit to the Soviet Union in hopes of meeting Nikita Khrushchev to lobby for
peaceful relations between the two Cold War powers.[25][26][27][28]

Frost died in Boston on January 29, 1963 of complications from prostate surgery. He
was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph
quotes the last line from his poem, "The Lesson for Today" (1942): "I had a lover's
quarrel with the world."

One of the original collections of Frost materials, to which he himself

contributed, is found in the Special Collections department of the Jones Library in
Amherst, Massachusetts. The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand
items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence and
photographs, as well as audio and visual recordings.[29] The Archives and Special
Collections at Amherst College holds a small collection of his papers. The
University of Michigan Library holds the Robert Frost Family Collection of
manuscripts, photographs, printed items, and artwork. The most significant
collection of Frost's working manuscripts is held by Dartmouth.

Personal life

The Frost family grave in Bennington Old Cemetery

Robert Frost's personal life was plagued by grief and loss. In 1885 when he was 11,
his father died of tuberculosis, leaving the family with just eight dollars.
Frost's mother died of cancer in 1900. In 1920, he had to commit his younger sister
Jeanie to a mental hospital, where she died nine years later. Mental illness
apparently ran in Frost's family, as both he and his mother suffered from
depression, and his daughter Irma was committed to a mental hospital in 1947.
Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced bouts of depression.[18]

Elinor and Robert Frost had six children: son Elliot (1896�1900, died of cholera);
daughter Lesley Frost Ballantine (1899�1983); son Carol (1902�1940, committed
suicide); daughter Irma (1903�1967); daughter Marjorie (1905�1934, died as a result
of puerperal fever after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one
day after her birth in 1907). Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frost's
wife, who had heart problems throughout her life, developed breast cancer in 1937,
and died of heart failure in 1938.[18]

Work
Style and critical response
The poet/critic Randall Jarrell often praised Frost's poetry and wrote "Robert
Frost, along with Stevens and Eliot, seems to me the greatest of the American poets
of this century. Frost's virtues are extraordinary. No other living poet has
written so well about the actions of ordinary men; his wonderful dramatic
monologues or dramatic scenes come out of a knowledge of people that few poets have
had, and they are written in a verse that uses, sometimes with absolute mastery,
the rhythms of actual speech". He also praised "Frost's seriousness and honesty",
stating that Frost was particularly skilled at representing a wide range of human
experience in his poems.[30]
Jarrell's notable and influential essays on Frost include the essays "Robert
Frost's 'Home Burial'" (1962), which consisted of an extended close reading of that
particular poem,[31] and "To The Laodiceans" (1952) in which Jarrell defended Frost
against critics who had accused Frost of being too "traditional" and out of touch
with Modern or Modernist poetry.

U.S stamp, 1974

In Frost's defense, Jarrell wrote "the regular ways of looking at Frost's poetry
are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications�coming to know his
poetry well ought to be enough, in itself, to dispel any of them, and to make plain
the necessity of finding some other way of talking about his work." And Jarrell's
close readings of poems like "Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep" led readers and
critics to perceive more of the complexities in Frost's poetry.[32][33]

In an introduction to Jarrell's book of essays, Brad Leithauser notes that "the

'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned behind the genial, homespun New England
rustic�the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave�has become the
Frost we've all learned to recognize, and the little-known poems Jarrell singled
out as central to the Frost canon are now to be found in most anthologies".[34][35]
Jarrell lists a selection of the Frost poems he considers the most masterful,
including "The Witch of Co�s", "Home Burial", "A Servant to Servants", "Directive",
"Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep", "Provide, Provide", "Acquainted with the
Night", "After Apple Picking", "Mending Wall", "The Most of It", "An Old Man's
Winter Night", "To Earthward", "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening", "Spring
Pools", "The Lovely Shall Be Choosers", "Design", and "Desert Places".[36]

From "Birches"[37]
I'd like to get away from earth awhile
And then come back to it and begin over.
May no fate willfully misunderstand me
And half grant what I wish and snatch me away
Not to return. Earth's the right place for love:
I don't know where it's likely to go better.
I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree,
And climb black branches up a snow-white trunk
Toward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,
But dipped its top and set me down again.
That would be good both going and coming back.
One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.

Robert Frost
In 2003, the critic Charles McGrath noted that critical views on Frost's poetry
have changed over the years (as has his public image). In an article called "The
Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost ... at the time
of his death in 1963 was generally considered to be a New England folkie ... In
1977, the third volume of Lawrance Thompson's biography suggested that Frost was a
much nastier piece of work than anyone had imagined; a few years later, thanks to
the reappraisal of critics like William H. Pritchard and Harold Bloom and of
younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, this time as a bleak and
unforgiving modernist."[38]

In The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann and Robert
O'Clair compared and contrasted Frost's unique style to the work of the poet Edwin
Arlington Robinson since they both frequently used New England settings for their
poems. However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary"
and that this was possibly due to the influence of English and Irish writers like
Thomas Hardy and W.B. Yeats. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful
striving for utter colloquialism" and always try to remain down to earth, while at
the same time using traditional forms despite the trend of American poetry towards
free verse which Frost famously said was "'like playing tennis without a net.'"[39]
[40]

In providing an overview of Frost's style, the Poetry Foundation makes the same
point, placing Frost's work "at the crossroads of nineteenth-century American
poetry [with regard to his use of traditional forms] and modernism [with his use of
idiomatic language and ordinary, every day subject matter]." They also note that
Frost believed that "the self-imposed restrictions of meter in form" was more
helpful than harmful because he could focus on the content of his poems instead of
concerning himself with creating "innovative" new verse forms.[41]

An earlier 1963 study by the poet James Radcliffe Squires spoke to the distinction
of Frost as a poet whose verse soars more for the difficulty and skill by which he
attains his final visions, than for the philosophical purity of the visions
themselves. "He has written at a time when the choice for the poet seemed to lie
among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, or the religion of the past century
... Frost has refused all of these and in the refusal has long seemed less
dramatically committed than others ... But no, he must be seen as dramatically
uncommitted to the single solution ... Insofar as Frost allows to both fact and
intuition a bright kingdom, he speaks for many of us. Insofar as he speaks through
an amalgam of senses and sure experience so that his poetry seems a nostalgic
memory with overtones touching some conceivable future, he speaks better than most
of us. That is to say, as a poet must."[42]

The classicist Helen H. Bacon has proposed that Frost's deep knowledge of Greek and
Roman classics influenced much of his work. Frost's education at Lawrence High
School, Dartmouth, and Harvard "was based mainly on the classics". As examples, she
links imagery and action in Frost's early poems "Birches" (1915) and "Wild Grapes"
(1920) with Euripides' Bacchae. She cites the certain motifs, including that of the
tree bent down to earth, as evidence of his "very attentive reading of Bacchae,
almost certainly in Greek". In a later poem, "One More Brevity" (1953), Bacon
compares the poetic techniques used by Frost to those of Virgil in the Aeneid. She
notes that "this sampling of the ways Frost drew on the literature and concepts of
the Greek and Roman world at every stage of his life indicates how imbued with it
he was".[43]

Themes
In Contemporary Literary Criticism, the editors state that "Frost's best work
explores fundamental questions of existence, depicting with chilling starkness the
loneliness of the individual in an indifferent universe."[44] The critic T. K.
Whipple focused on this bleakness in Frost's work, stating that "in much of his
work, particularly in North of Boston, his harshest book, he emphasizes the dark
background of life in rural New England, with its degeneration often sinking into
total madness." [44]

In sharp contrast, the founding publisher and editor of Poetry, Harriet Monroe,
emphasized the folksy New England persona and characters in Frost's work, writing
that "perhaps no other poet in our history has put the best of the Yankee spirit
into a book so completely."[44] She notes his frequent use of rural settings and
farm life, and she likes that in these poems, Frost is most interested in "showing
the human reaction to nature's processes." She also notes that while Frost's
narrative, character-based poems are often satirical, Frost always has a
"sympathetic humor" towards his subjects.[44]

Influenced by
Robert Graves
Rupert Brooke
Thomas Hardy[39]
William Butler Yeats[39]
John Keats
Influenced
Robert Francis
Seamus Heaney[12]
Richard Wilbur[12]
Edward Thomas[45]
James Wright
Pulitzer Prizes
1924 for New Hampshire: A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes
1931 for Collected Poems
1937 for A Further Range
1943 for A Witness Tree
Poet laureate of Vermont
In June 1922 the Vermont State League of Women's Clubs elected Frost as Poet
laureate of Vermont. When a New York Times editorial strongly criticised the
decision of the Women's Clubs, Sarah Cleghorn and other women wrote to the
newspaper defending Frost.[46]

On July 22, 1961, Frost was named Poet laureate of Vermont by the state legislature
through Joint Resolution R-59 of the Acts of 1961, which also created the position.
[47][48][49][50]

Nobel prize nominations

Frost was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.[51]

Legacy

Robert Frost Hall at Southern New Hampshire University

His poem "Fire and Ice" influenced the title and other aspects of George R. R.
Martin's fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire.[52][53]
Robert Frost Hall is an academic building at Southern New Hampshire University in
Manchester, New Hampshire.[54]
Selected works
Poetry collections
A Boy's Will (David Nutt 1913; Holt, 1915)[55]
North of Boston (David Nutt, 1914; Holt, 1914)
"After Apple-Picking"
"The Death of the Hired Man"
"Mending Wall"
Mountain Interval (Holt, 1916)
"Birches"
"Out, Out"
"The Oven Bird"
"The Road Not Taken"
Selected Poems (Holt, 1923)
Includes poems from first three volumes and the poem The Runaway
New Hampshire (Holt, 1923; Grant Richards, 1924)
"Fire and Ice"
"Nothing Gold Can Stay"
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"
Several Short Poems (Holt, 1924)[56]
Selected Poems (Holt, 1928)
West-Running Brook (Holt, 1928? 1929)
"Acquainted with the Night"
The Lovely Shall Be Choosers, The Poetry Quartos, printed and illustrated by Paul
Johnston (Random House, 1929)
Collected Poems of Robert Frost (Holt, 1930; Longmans, Green, 1930)
The Lone Striker (Knopf, 1933)
Selected Poems: Third Edition (Holt, 1934)
Three Poems (Baker Library, Dartmouth College, 1935)
The Gold Hesperidee (Bibliophile Press, 1935)
From Snow to Snow (Holt, 1936)
A Further Range (Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937)
Collected Poems of Robert Frost (Holt, 1939; Longmans, Green, 1939)
A Witness Tree (Holt, 1942; Cape, 1943)
"The Gift Outright"
"A Question"
"The Silken Tent"
Come In, and Other Poems (Holt, 1943)
Steeple Bush (Holt, 1947)
Complete Poems of Robert Frost, 1949 (Holt, 1949; Cape, 1951)
Hard Not To Be King (House of Books, 1951)
Aforesaid (Holt, 1954)
A Remembrance Collection of New Poems (Holt, 1959)
You Come Too (Holt, 1959; Bodley Head, 1964)
In the Clearing (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1962)
The Poetry of Robert Frost (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1969)
Plays
A Way Out: A One Act Play (Harbor Press, 1929).
The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press, 1929).
A Masque of Reason (Holt, 1945).
A Masque of Mercy (Holt, 1947).
Prose books
The Letters of Robert Frost to Louis Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963;
Cape, 1964).
Robert Frost and John Bartlett: The Record of a Friendship, by Margaret Bartlett
Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963).
Selected Letters of Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964).
Interviews with Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966; Cape, 1967).
Family Letters of Robert and Elinor Frost (State University of New York Press,
1972).
Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Forty Years of Friendship (University Press of New
England, 1981).
The Notebooks of Robert Frost, edited by Robert Faggen (Harvard University Press,
January 2007).[57]
Letters
Frost, Robert (February 2014). Sheehy, Donald; Richardson, Mark; Faggen, Robert
(eds.). The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 1, 1886�1920. Belknap Press. ISBN 978-
0674057609. (Harvard University Press imprint; 811 pages; first volume, of five, of
the scholarly edition of the poet's correspondence, including many previously
unpublished letters.)
Frost, Robert (September 2016). Sheehy, Donald; Richardson, Mark; Hass, Robert
Bernard; Atmore, Henry (eds.). The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 2, 1920�1928.
Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726642. (Harvard University Press imprint; 848 pages;
second volume of the series.)
Omnibus volumes
Collected Poems, Prose and Plays (Richard Poirier, ed.) (Library of America, 1995)
ISBN 978-1-883011-06-2.
Spoken word
Robert Frost Reads His Poetry, Caedmon Records, 1957, TC1060
See also
Biography portal
List of poems by Robert Frost
Frostiana
New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 126: Robert Frost 1874�1963
Notes
 "Robert Frost". The Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
"Robert Frost". Encyclop�dia Britannica (Online ed.). 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Jean C. Stine, Bridget Broderick, and Daniel
G. Marowski. Vol. 26. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. p110
Watson, Marsten. Royal Families - Americans of Royal and Noble Ancestry. Volume
Three: Samuel Appleton and His Wife Judith Everard and Five Generations of Their
Descendants. 2010
Ehrlich, Eugene; Carruth, Gorton (1982). The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to
the United States. vol. 50. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503186-5.
Nancy Lewis Tuten; John Zubizarreta (2001). The Robert Frost encyclopedia.
Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-313-29464-8. Halfway through the
spring semester of his second year, Dean Briggs released him from Harvard without
prejudice, lamenting the loss of so good a student.
Jay Parini (2000). Robert Frost: A Life. Macmillan. pp. 64�65. ISBN 978-0-8050-
6341-7.
Jeffrey Meyers (1996). Robert Frost: a biography. Houghton Mifflin. Frost remained
at Harvard until March of his sophomore year, when he decamped in the middle of a
term ...
Orr, David (2015-08-18). The Road Not Taken: Finding America in the Poem Everyone
Loves and Almost Everyone Gets Wrong. Penguin. ISBN 9780698140899.
Meyers, Jeffrey (1996). Robert Frost: A Biography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp.
107�109. ISBN 9780395728093.
"Phi Beta Kappa Authors". The Phi Beta Kappa Key. 6 (4): 237�240. 1926. JSTOR
42914052.
"Resource: Voices & Visions". www.learner.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"The 1924 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"The 1931 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"The 1937 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"The 1943 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"A Brief History of the Bread Loaf School of English". Middlebury Bread Loaf
School of English. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Frost, Robert (1995). Poirier, Richard; Richardson, Mark (eds.). Collected Poems,
Prose, & Plays. The Library of America. 81. New York: Library of America. ISBN 1-
883011-06-X.
"Robert Frost Stone House Museum | Bennington College". www.bennington.edu.
Muir, Helen (1995). Frost in Florida: a memoir. Valiant Press. pp. 11, 17. ISBN 0-
9633461-6-4.
"Office of the Clerk � U.S. House of Representatives, Congressional Gold Medal
Recipients".
Parini, Jay (1999). Robert Frost: A Life. New York: Henry Holt and Company. pp.
408, 424�425. ISBN 9780805063417.
"The MacDowell Colony � Medal Day". Archived from the original on 2016-11-06.
Retrieved 2015-07-02.
"John F. Kennedy: A Man of This Century". CBS. November 22, 1963.
"The Poet - Politician - JFK The Last Speech". JFK The Last Speech. Retrieved
2018-10-25.
Udall, Stewart L. (1972-06-11). "Robert Frost's Last Adventure".
archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
"When Robert Frost met Khrushchev". Christian Science Monitor. 2008-04-08. ISSN
0882-7729. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
Schachter, Aaron (2018-08-10). "Remembering John F. Kennedy's Last Speech". All
Things Considered. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
"Robert Frost Collection". Jones Library, Inc. website, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Archived from the original on 2009-06-12. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
Jarrell, Randall. "Fifty Years of American Poetry." No Other Book: Selected
Essays. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
Jarrell, Randall (1999) [1962]. "On 'Home Burial'". English Department at the
University of Illinois. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
Jarrell, Randall. "To The Laodiceans." No Other Book: Selected Essays. New York:
HarperCollins, 1999.
Jarrell, Randall. "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial.'" No Other Book: Selected Essays.
New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
Leithauser, Brad. "Introduction." No Other Book: Selected Essays. New York:
HarperCollins, 1999.
Nelson, Cary (2000). Anthology of Modern American Poetry. New York: Oxford
University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-19-512270-4.
Jarrell, Randall. "Fifty Years of American Poetry." No Other Book: Selected
Essays. HarperCollins, 1999.
"Birches by Robert Frost". The Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
McGrath, Charles. "The Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation." The New York Times
Magazine. 15 June 2003.
Ellman, Richard and Robert O'Clair. The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, Second
Edition. New York: Norton, 1988.
Faggen, Robert (2001). Editor (First ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
"Robert Frost". Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. 2018-03-21. Retrieved 2018-
03-22.
Squires, Radcliffe. The Major Themes of Robert Frost, The University of Michigan
Press, 1963. pp. 106-107.
Bacon, Helen. "Frost and the Ancient Muses." The Cambridge Companion to Robert
Frost. Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 75-99
Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Jean C. Stine, Bridget Broderick, and Daniel
G. Marowski. Vol. 26. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. p 110�129.
Foundation, Poetry (March 16, 2019). "Edward Thomas". Poetry Foundation.
Robert Frost (2007). The Collected Prose of Robert Frost. Harvard University
Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-674-02463-2.
Nancy Lewis Tuten; John Zubizarreta (2001). The Robert Frost Encyclopedia.
Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-313-29464-8.
Deirdre J. Fagan (1 January 2009). Critical Companion to Robert Frost: A Literary
Reference to His Life and Work. Infobase Publishing. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-4381-0854-
4.
Vermont. Office of Secretary of State (1985). Vermont Legislative Directory and
State Manual: Biennial session. p. 19. Joint Resolution R-59 of the Acts of l96l
named Robert Lee Frost as Vermont's Poet Laureate. While not a native Vermonter,
this eminent American poet resided here throughout much of his adult ...
Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual. Secretary of State. 1989. p. 20.
The position was created by Joint Resolution R-59 of the Acts of 1961, which
designated Robert Frost state poet laureate.
"Nomination Archive". NobelPrize.org.
"George R.R. Martin: "Trying to please everyone is a horrible mistake"".
www.adriasnews.com. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"Five Fascinating Facts about Game of Thrones". Interesting Literature. 2014-05-
06. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"History". Southern New Hampshire University. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
"Robert Frost. 1915. A Boy's Will". www.bartleby.com. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
Frost, Robert (March 16, 1924). Several short poems. Place of publication not
identified. OCLC 1389446.
"Browse Subjects, Series, and Libraries | Harvard University Press".
www.hup.harvard.edu.
Sources
Pritchard, William H. (2000). "Frost's Life and Career" (http). Retrieved March 18,
2001.
Taylor, Welford Dunaway (1996). Robert Frost and J.J. Lankes: Riders on Pegasus.
Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College Library. ASIN B0006FAO4Q.
Burlington Free Press, January 8, 2008. Article: Vandalized Frost house drew a
crowd.
Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays. 10/1995 Library of America. Robert Frost. Edited
by Richard Poirier and Mark Richardson. Trade ISBN 1-883011-06-X. Robert Frost
Biographical Information
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert Frost.
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Robert Frost: Profile, Poems, Essays at Poets.org
Robert Frost, profile and poems at the Poetry Foundation
Profile at Modern American Poetry
Richard Poirier (Summer�Fall 1960). "Robert Frost, The Art of Poetry No. 2". The
Paris Review.
Robert Frost Collection in Special Collections, Jones Library, Amherst, MA
Robert Frost Collection in Archives and Special Collections, Amherst College,
Amherst, MA
Robert Frost at Bread Loaf (Middlebury College)
The Victor E. Reichert Robert Frost Collection from the University at Buffalo
Libraries Poetry Collection
Robert Frost Farm in Derry, NH
The Frost Foundation
The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference center in Franconia, N.H.
Robert Frost reading his poems at Harper Audio (recordings from 1956)
Yale College Lecture on Robert Frost audio, video and full transcripts of Open Yale
Courses
Works by Robert Frost at Project Gutenberg
Works by Robert (Robert Lee) Frost at Faded Page (Canada)
Works by or about Robert Frost at Internet Archive
Works by Robert Frost at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Robert Frost Collection at Dartmouth College Library
Robert Frost Declares Himself a "Balfour Israelite" and Discusses His Trip to the
Western Wall
Drawing of Robert Frost by Wilfred Byron Shaw at University of Michigan Museum of
Art
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