| READING & USE OF ENGLISH Teacher's(© GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS 2013, Allg reserved No part ofthis pci may Be reproduc eed i res ‘um, oF mite In any form ory ary means, eer mechani phrcing ncning och, mh he pr _pomision of GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS. Published and sted by: GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS. mean oFFIce 5 ladon S198 00- POBox 72 At, Greece Te 430-2103574470 Fis 2021055 73076, 43020055. 74088 maine pe age i aay 2013 eo ie thank Cambie ESOL aig poison tepid ht cenIntroduction (CPE Reading & Use of nish s designed to prepare students for Pape | ofthe revised Cambridge CPE examination, Tis book ‘sl hp students succesfully bridge te gap Between FCEleel and the more advanced Engh needed for success at CP, Studentsa gven the opportunity to bud on thei exiting Language sls, and emphasis is gen to bth grammar and ‘vocabulary. Stents alsa have the chance to fame themselves wth he font ofthe pew CPE eaninaton, with ample ‘eam practice beng ofered reach uni There are teen units inthe book, ech of which is comprised of four pits. These parts are organise as allows: PART = Grammar = Grammar Presentation: de peesentton of al gammatial structures to help students revs their knowlege, with temphasis on rave advanced phenomena. Grammar Practice: pracice ofthe grammar presented inthe uni 1 Similar meaning i another way: presentation of commen ansormatons to onsolate students’ knowledge before ‘hey ltempt the Proficiency lev! tarstarmatons which alow. 1 PE Transformations: further practice of structures lng with 2 numberof more challenging transormatos. Advanced Language Ponts: a selection ofadvancedevel material wich eps candidates ain confidence in thr use of the Engh guage PART 2~Langoage Development "Ves, Adjectives, Nouns wth Prepositions: presente in alphabetical order and practised ia context. Idioms: presented in alphabetical order and encompassing the wide rnge of advanced idlomatc usage required at this lee © Prepostional Phrases: extensive coverage ad pactce of prepstonal phrases required at his lee Word Usage: designed to acquaint students with everyday eallcations in Engish {= Gollocatons: further practice in advanced evel eallocatos. Phrasal Verbs enforcernent and exensin of student’ knowledge of phrasal verbs, presente i alphabetical ede. [Some unit ls neice a number of nominal foams) “Words Easily Confused an execs in which students hae to choose between common confused word, according to "+ Desnatives: an alphabetical list designed to provide students with a wealth of derivatives, essential fr success inthe _word formation task the CPE xamaton = Wordplay practice in ecognising sub diferences between phrases 2 wel as avoidng errs. = Word Combinations words combined to make set phases, imaluable to candidates as these expressions are used oughout the CPE examination, Correct o¢Incorect presentation of reas of the language where mistakes are commonly made Word Distactors: exercises based on word dstractrs providing practice in ecogising and understanding thr comect, ‘PART ~ Vocabulary Practice = Avariey of top reled vocabulary excises designed to op students inthe Reding & Use of Eris ets in Part 4, PART 4 Reading & Use of Engl = fame et ing stents practice inthe sil equied for the revised CPE exariato, exam Practice = Incides exam texts o nt only help students famlaise themselves with the revised exam format, but aso offer ‘them a chance ope her exam tecnigues and put the een int practic. ‘This book wl provide stoents with extensive coverage ofthe incacis of Eglsh usage and prepare them forthe demands ofthe revied Cambridge CPE examination.(CoS ’ Cambridge Specications forthe revived Reading & Use of English 6 Reading & Use of English Sample Paper a Answers tothe Reading & Use of English Sample Paper v Unit 1 Part 1: Grammar (The Present Tenses ~The Past Tenses ~ Future Forms) ~ Transformations ~Aanced Language Points. 18 art2: Language Development 28 Part 3: Vocabulary Practice 3 Parts Reading & Use of English 3 Exam Practice 1 (Pat 1, 2,34) 6 Unit 2 ‘Grammar (Adjectives / Adverbs ~ Comparisons) ~ Teansfomations ~ Advanced language Pints 8 Language Development 6 Vocabulary Practice 2 Rang & Use of Engish 54 Part: Comet English Usage 55 Exam Practice 2 (Part 5, 6,7) 56 Unit 3 Part ts Grammar (Arties) ~ Transformations ~Adhanced Language Points 2 Part2: Language Development 7 Part: Vocabulary Pratce % Parkas Reading & Use of Elish 78 Part: Comet Erish Usage 9 ‘Exam Practice 3 (Pat 1, 2,3, 4) 20 Unit 4 Part 1s Grammar (Nouns Plurals ~ Many Much, (Al few (A Et, ee. ~Some / Any ~ No one, ~ Transformations - Avance Language Pins @ Part 2: Language Development %0 Part3: Vocabulary Practice 96 Parts Reading & Use of English 98 Part: Comet Engich Usage 99 Exam Practice 4 (Pat 5, 6,7) {00 Unit 5 Part 1: Grammar (Modal Aula Verbs) - Transformations — Advanced Language Pins 106 Part2: Language Development 1 Part 3: Vocabulary Practce 19 Parkas Reading & Use of Elish m ‘Exam Practice 5 Part 1, 23,4) m Unit 6 Part 1: Gramma (Condonals~ Ver | Too / Enough Fach Both ~ ALJ Whole Ese / Other) ~ Transformations — ‘Advanced Language Pons m4 Language Development 131 Vecsbuiry Practice 137 Reang Us of English 139 Exam Practice 6 Pat 5, 6,7), 140 Unit 7 Part 1: Grammar (Unreal Past Tenses - Would Rather Hal eter ~ Wish / Hope) ~ Transformations ~ Advanced Language Pins 146 Part 2 Language Development 155 Part3: Vocabulary Practice 159 Part 4s Reading & Use of English 16 Exam Practice 7 (Pat, 2,34) 162 7 _ a es eee eeUnit 8 Part 1 Grammar (The ninve-The Geran) ~Translomaton ~ Advanced Langage Points 164 art 2: Language Development mm Fart 3: Voebuay Prats ve art: Resting & Use of Egish 1 art 5 Covet English Usage : 181 bxam Practice 8 Pas 5,6,7) 0.0. liusssssssnccenenanns 18 Unit 9 | amar (The Passive Voie) ~ Transformations ~ Advanced Langue Pons : 1s | art 2: Language Developmen, 185 cabulry Practice 201 Part: Reading & Use of trish 203 Bam Practice 9 (Pars 1,234) am Unit 10 Par Gammar Reported Speech - Verbs nat loved by prepestons~ Transfrmaians ~Adanced Language Plt. 206 Pat 2: Language Development 213 | Par: Voesblary race 29 Par Reatng 8 Use of Egish a ‘am Practice 10 (Pat 5,67) 2m | Unit 11 | Fart: Grarmar (Question Tags ~So Nether Do Who! What Which ~The ‘Causative’ seo have and get) = “Teansformatons~ Advanced Language Pits 208 art 2 Language Development 236 Part 3: Vocabulary racce 20 Part 4 Reading & Use of nish 20. fam Practice 11 (Pas 12.3, 4) co Unit 12 Part 1: Grammar lative Ces Class of Rasen / Manner / Purpose) ~ Transformation ~ Advanced anguge Pins. 246 Part 2 Language Development 252 Part Reading & Use of Egich 259 tam Practice 12 (Pas 5, 6,7) 260 Unit 13 Part: Grammar (Causes of Result / Contrast Time Inversion) ~ Transformations ~ Advanced Langage Ponts... 266 mm art: Vocabulary Practice Sides at & Reading & Use of Eg 281 fam Practice 13 (Pars 1,234) 22 | Unit 14 | art 1: Grammar (Partipes Thee /Are + To Be inking Word) ~ Transformations ~ Advanced Language Points...284 | art 2: Language Development a | Par: Voesbulary racice 27 | Pat eating & Use of Eich 20 | Exam Practice 14 (Pats 56,7) 300 | Unit 15 | Par: Grammar Gubjet + Singular Pal Verb ~ Emphatic /Exclamatry Structures) Transformations Advanced | Lanaige Pos 306 | Par 2 Language Develprent . an | Voeabulary Pacice| 319 Part Reading & Use of English I Exam Practice 15 (ars 1,23, 8) 2Reading & Use of English (CPE Speci General description For Fars 110 the est conte et ith aconpanying gear a Seabank aa crete ams ‘ith rar a ebay cs Foran 5107, he tt cons es and acomparying reading inpehasin Ws ane ‘ho 30 ines [NO.OF QUESTIONS 53, TASETIPES ——Muliplcolce coe open doze, ‘word format key ers Trance, mie ching, ped tet teen, iaaves om he following: ook ion and tore) nowspecst res trem maguines, esperar te Inmet {er OFTeTS 2500-3400 wos il ANSWERFORNAT For ats 15, 6 and 7, anaidats Fe ary sagt ‘rec azenger othe wer het For ars 2 ands castes wie ‘th answers in cap tthe ‘pace roel on the answer Se Feet cates wre ir never onthe ante sheet bt ‘apa ieture arent ques. ‘ams For Pats 3, ech cnet answer rece 1 mak for Prt ah ‘rc anower rece op 0? mks; orate 5, each ere answer ‘aces 2 mak or Pa 7 each (Ger anower recive | me There Sen ol 07 mars abl fortbe TASKTIPE Mulpledace dace. The main oss on ANDFOCUS —Vocabulay ilons colestons, fad ass, complementaon, pas vers, Sean pres FORNIAT A sig ext with ght gps Candas ‘rst chose one word r pase fom ast tft each op Nooras 8 “Task NP Open lve. The man cu eon awareness AND FOCUS Std ent of prams with some oc on seca FORAT Amaie clove tx cosising of txt ‘tht ape. Caneates hk othe ord whieh bes tr ach op. noores 8 AN FOOLS =e oregon eae : sere Sa cd ce moore ar SCTE ty wrt, Iorocs Thaw won gm cays ae =a oe ‘ea gopped sponse a compen 0 oat ordinary wot No.oFes 6 PARTS TASKTIPE Mule dake ANOFOCLS Understand of tal opinion tits, ‘one purpose, maid, mpaton, te | ‘xpationfearres(exemphiieaion, ‘ipuson reer TORAT Ate lowed by Lopon miplechaice ‘quesons Noore 6 PART 6 smd chee ter St ‘neue pat mening ‘Att om which paras ave terore nd plo ofr eda {Peto Conises ms ce a he inte tothe poopaphs hve bn tenon ‘Malle matching Understanding of opinion, tude, specie oration ‘te oer shor et preceded by ‘rtperathing questions, Caeetes ‘tus math prompt ones nthe i I I ee tetReading & Use of English Sample Paper Part snaverson the separate anwer sheet. ‘There isan example a the begoning A Unda Pips sighed once agin, and) ...ona brave fac, no secret thatthe majority of peopl are insenstve to the (5) 1A signed outed 2A universe 2 pane 3A fow downpour 4A tight maximum 5 wants 1 deses 6 A gather pick 7A locks B ances 8A amie B loosely For questions 1-8 ead the text below and decide which answer (A,B 0A puting B fixing placing nt World ‘0D best fis each gap. Mark your D fing ‘What's the mater” ther daughter, Emma. For she knew only oo wal tha for a wil, her daugher had een lst ina) of her own; one that would end ina 8). often peparaton foe Emma’ entry ito the world where communication on ay eel would be ofthe 4) es mportance; ind had puta strain on the family by taking the te to ean sign language ei Of hen generally, let lone those who are the hurt which (8)... follows. The pain of rejection takes long time to subse aborted place food needs collect remarkedly ea, Uke a radar, rma was stating (6). up the subse meanings oftheir sdelong (7)... and experience D announced D word Dns D supreme essentials D cach D glimpses ineviablyact For questions 9-16 read the text below and think ofthe word which bes fits each ‘eich space, There isan example at the Beginning (0. Write your answers IN CAPFIAL som (as Co RED ALERT ‘The colour red plays vital rol in our everyday if, and (0) symbolic value is used ina ‘arity of stations without us). bang aware of ‘Theimporance ofthe colour or us humans must dre primarily rom the colour flo, (10) ‘here also a natural occurrence in plants and armas to act as a warring (of poison, for example o iminent attack. In aion, red isthe colour you seein the depths of 2 re, and in the sun 11) sets inthe In modern ie, red denotes warning and danger, and the sight of it automaticly (12). 8 motel. sued for rad signs showing prohibition on aps for ot water, fo buttons that wl produce radical results if pressed ad teaches" comections. Is also the color of loves anger and (13), seen 2s closly connected with igs (8) were often bled by doctors inthe Mie Ages inthe mistaken bel hat they had (15) nn much svn passions. The blood and the hear have aways been the eater that people with emeaiona surbances ood in them, Here, however, we can perhaps see ashe sure of red as danger you se a person growing re inthe fae tis fen best to st a hasty tet (16) they exposeant a For questions 17-2, read the text below. Use the word given in capita atthe end of some ofthe nest form 3 ‘word hat it nthe space inthe same ine Ther ian example atte begining (0 White you answers IN CAPITAL, LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. emote [pLTs 11 Hypersensitive Canines Toni-onic seizures ae the most serious frm of the () DISORDER... and iovohes 1). of conciousness and convulsions ofthe body. tcan be cetromely (1) for sufferer nce thes tacks often come on without warning, meaning they can inj themsehes by fling or be at rik fom, for example, (19) sn Vides if they collapse in oad. One atic boy, sho suffered up t0 fie seizures a day, had by the age of eleven sustained two serious concussions and a numberof broken teth om falls ‘Thace ace dogs, ike guide dogs for people with pal OF (20) enn trained to help steers deal with attacks by alerting parents F (21) the victim isnot na poston of danger. However, avery smal percentage of dogs ae alo whats called seizure-alr hat, they can sense a coming seizure upto hal an hour before it happens and forewarn thei owners. Even minutes can give ‘the victim the time to find a sf place, or even take asizureblocking meine i thats avalable to and 22) for them, It isnot known uit how these dogs know an attacks approaching, but trainers look for dogs that possess a 23) Sensitivity to sounds and smal, and a natural empathy with people. tis possible that such dogs are more sensitive tothe tadeark symptoms tht precede a tack, & maybe theres 2 pariculr sel. one Whatverthe reson the dogcan teal charge the lite of these long rape by th ess onpeR NeVE Pass BUND sure cH companyarts For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that thas snilar meaning othe ‘word give. Bo not change the word given You must use between thre and eight words Here isan example 0, ample: ‘ © Tomy mind, you pal too much for that ress. worth Tomy mind, = x you paid fori | the cress isnt / wasnt wort what ‘rte ony the missing words n the separate answer sheet. 25 1 managed to persuade Bob to lend me his car. talk I managed so me his car 26 1 gotrekkng ow and again wih my brother. 1 go trekking so with my brother 27 —_Nealy evry month theresa new environment disaster. passes Hardly new envionment disaster 28 Nobody can fresce what Davis reaction othe news wl be, David wil react to the nes. 29 He almost cried when you shouted at him, verge He was when you shouted thm. 30 Nobo said they objected to the plan. objections by nn sons the pli fd |Pats ‘You are gong to ead an extrac fom a novel, For questions 31-36, choose the answer A, Cor D) which you think fits best scoring to the tet Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, A Glimmer of Hope You cannot jus take and tke, and verge eying back Lawrence ud ts ois wo sons. He was aking about _eing und the si ta with is ter parlor wisdom, Mark fen fund hie apphng ito life as wel even inthe chy, where he td Andrew had made ts hme from the dark hls f North Yorkshire. Mark sited often enough, whe Andre taded to stay aay — oily they bth acted for much the sae ean, When ‘Mack id tol bi father he was ot ntresed in unig th fam, Lareace hd not si mich; whe, wo Jeane Andrew ‘athe sme (ding athe sane spo verooking the pstarlnd where the shee raed the oly plac they old ees eth father to stand il whe dah), ead sald ating tall Another thing he’ ah the: "Co ae the as pact look fr sigs ofa wet winter’ Meaning the smal, suber sigs ‘nero by farthe most ling, The way birds bhave. Can sense plans, At hen hal spake volumes hat thou he mould never dream of ling hi sons ow to Te tht es, be was cert unable to ompebere how he had ie to ‘sommaniste the beauty of aming oem. 'As soon a the wee ol enough tobe rused not o gt thems into mich, he had had chem out wth him at vey ‘alle opportunity: fing on ete side of im onthe teeny, sicning othe ads ofthe reaper sce though the ksh ‘pring rs aig with hi hough the Nok near lambing ine, watching hie chock each expectant ewe, knoning ech one yma sanding yim a testo sad markets helo ego the pie he was king fro buy hs of sel tat. ‘He had oo trie ose hem opr them, nd ad aby soporte thm but hl mae, Mol, ad ld he aw despndent be aden til ws sometimes, nd chided thon, Wi iit ae to ea Mat “eve? Coad you aot hae [et im eet slow in isan ma? Ad oth lui ant rove Mark oi ten and Ande to tay aay. angered Anew as heen explained o Mak ‘He alvays wanted one dat he? Wy sould we go is wa. afer ll? ev’ do what Grandad id But for Mark twa ohare he eer lis fiber sete the hi chok, bt raer ‘eared hime le or ot aking his sone no fre, lovers the ‘Which was ot, nan se, tue. They ved together inthe centre of Leds, but tat was forthe convenience and afer al sre they stl Both young men sil ingle nin zed fai of ie now an then esi ts itl at? Nether oud go Fer long without the cpen ces hough: Andrew might no goo he farm bute etn tok his ld motte dep int the toon tel for mies hoop ie desl steeh, dark eyes tined onthe end of he oad fa abead Mark could Undead is younger her anymore ~ the simple condense Andrew used to sow in i, the Openness were gone placed bya ari thats rer and barr to beak OU, Mots pregnancy knocked ll iree men for si, and sudden tse ike eventing woul be alsight gan Andre stared toming to the farm sos othe pt of obsession wit smother, he had cams ots taken down fom the Internet tout hit for oder women the latest mince eras, sats and wood ive her to distraction, yng ot ex toread and flow it I. “eat do event. Andr she ldo. I yal te things oe sugesting the babys nt going to know which wy ‘ofc when he fly comes Frit was alvay ah Lawrence bd o doubt started th: he ws lof pew bop. Though he was pti on nO ews sila povrfl man wel abe for he ard seasons of wrk tat ay ahead ui his ew on ws ey 1 ae theres, ‘Then the rents of the lrasund san cme backs Maha eared wasa gi They were alsiting the able when Maly mmouned if js after dines ha ised one Saturday even: doubles sb had wish 1 dea wih Laurence’ reaton| ‘aber om, Is wir, ed ong evenings al lang ences wee noth st atracie of ropes. “Thee mis ong rtuned secs. The,’ nai” sd Laurence, una to ep the ote of shock rom bso. Tha’s "eh si Moly sharply and ong oer iyou look at theo “The meal ended aviary and Laurence went out oh slp, looking out asthe fs, a own on his fice, Mak went at oi, i deste she wont wat farm, yo kno "Bot yu two ad ia, wat’ he chances of a wanting 0? "Tm oot ying sew us that you should wit er ff fore shes ren bor? He wach is ater sift rom foto fot, ase id whe he ws hain. Then, forthe st ine eve, far as Mark could ‘emenbe, he wed Taig 5 «metho ‘Wel ou know i tes Do rn ck, the stonsst eve wil take vet. then oe nub, because she won't he erplace pagan ina hry” Mark underood what Laurence wa ling hie i was is ast chance to tang his iad31 Why does the autho se the word only in ne 42 ‘A The brother’ common mote led them n oppose directions. '8 The bothers both el they were acting slishly. © Though brothers they raced very ferent o evens 1D Deep down, the brothers both realised they had hurt her father. 32 How did the brothers understand thelr father was hurt? [A He ade spoken to them since He had used the cloud metaphor. lis behaviour ha change. He had stopped teaching them, 35 Why did the brothers fee! guilty? [A They fl they had used the wrong approach, 3 They knew they had dashed tel fathers hopes. € Ther mother had told them of, 1 All thei father’ work had gone to waste, SH Andrew fl angry at Laurence because he A fl Laurence’ behaviour was hypocrica 8B blamed Laurence for his own problems. kt Laurence blamed them foe etn him down, was unhappy in the city but dared not show it 35 Molly mae the announcement at dinner so that AA Rwould be a surprise. |B exesyoe would heart at the same time Chor anger at Laurence woud nt show. 1 she would have some support. . 346 What was Laurence’ final decision? Ato sll the arm B tw places hopes onthe baby © tormake his sons fel jealous to force the fam on Mark .arts You are going to rea! an extrac rom an atc. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose ‘fom the paagraphs A~H the one which fis each gap (37-43). There sone eta paragraph which you do not, noed to use. Mark your answers onthe separate ansirersheet. A Realistic View ‘One ofthe most memorable senes fram Francs Ford Coppola's poate Now shows ahah nding by US ttoopr under es fie. Aetheeaers pate agound, We catch a glimpse of Coppola himself directing anotber film crew, shouting ‘Do ook atthe camera" as the actors steam pst ‘Thismeans ood pitres, ceri andthe pity scenes that keep the viewer hooked: However, if every 2085 sow has te same pitres, why should the viewers ‘atch one show ore another? Wht nem show wants re the exe pictures; tobe the only channel tha Shows his sot ht angle, these excing sequences 7 “The mage, and especialy the moving image, sa power that txt and spoken word has Bot the power of immediate impoct Whereas before Vitam, casualties ff war woul be reported in ry gues now the viewer Could see the corps strewn on the bated. The images ofthe Vietnam War undoubtedly played pat in ‘eating the ant-var movement back in he Stats, and the eventual cen, And because the camer is ever presen, the other mass media, especialy newspapers, are being fred o take step to compete. No longer i it enough to alec ‘various stories and patch together an arti; the moder-day journalist is expected to provide an ee witness aesount of the ont fins of atl, rst Ine ‘mong the combatants sod dack under the lve bullets ‘nd aed she explosions along with them. 1t has abo Jed to an exemely alarming se inthe numbers of casuals, including faalies, among members ofthe press This reached such a level daring the Bosnian War tht staff trom different media eeworks banded togee,refsing to Send tore than ‘ne camer re it the fel time ad pooling all the footage obtained, Journalists ate often deply ambitious, den people, lnsatable in thei chase for the big soy that will make their name, tor cret. They know very wel that eS oes not get any bigger than war new, and s0 when 2 ons beaks ot thy ck tthe ee, cing opt lat he Ret of the action, ‘Not that they wea unprepared, or were unaware ofthe angry faced Many ~ whether woman oF man wore a bara, the heado-oe garment the ulraorhodcs alban had made i lw for women to wear this lsguise, they mingled withthe populace, Demand for high-tech body amour hs meant a worldwide shortage but saved theif of more than ane our o Tewoold appear that new caepory has buen aed 10 the tadional caus of war. To the lis of des combatants athe ein death ol an be add he men fatalities. The coverage of aris caring shew td hear pie. 81 leads to rather incongruous senes. Enomis changing gunfire along a iy street, huglg the ‘walls of ulin. Behind them, snr roucbed, ' cameraman siming lens instead of gun a reporter clutching 2 mierophone in a whit Knvckled st ising behind in, babbling commentary to ve audience However, sense measures sch these ae nt ‘00d enough for the networks. The images thas ‘obtained may be real, may show hesitation as it is happening om the ground, but What a pews how vans abe al be eno the tth, especial Tt ‘wants good TV. Sil inthe fret two weeks ofthe war, the Afghan cit was already the most dangerous fr the ‘media snce Bosnia Seven jours ad leady Tost thei lies in that uncertain land, om by to decades of nearconsant warfare. Pleny of jurists beaded straight bak ott the relate Safety of Pakistan ~ but there were plenty waiting ‘here caer to tke tel plac. ‘They come with their notebooks open and pens poised, ther cameras lade ready to sup oo ‘They are the war corespondent, veterans of Bosnia, Soman and Kosovo, bate-searzed and hardened, more ready fr combat than mos ofthe solders they top to iatenew ‘Wy was the mistake no taken out ofthe inal et? Bocause i fied precy, The Vietnam Wa ws the fist war to be property teevied, ad snes ftom it were par and parcel of the average “Americans experience of the war. So the see in ‘he fil looks aueatc presse case bs fm crew on the sidelines, hooting the sles ing int action. At every opportunity, the setworks wil be puting Pressure on hci sto capture the es th new, toventre deper an deeper ino the bute ia search ofthat award-vining Scop. And, if he truth be kaon they rarely find themsehes rong parila short of aanters. So it has become expected that every war be accompanied by «via commentary nd his has ecessated the sending of eamera ces nt wat 2ones 0 caput the moments on eile (or 0%, video), Awa sno Tongr real war uns itis teleised So when the US invaded Afghanistan, twas not just oops that went over the border. Fouls, ‘ameramen, potographers all wen long for the ‘de, penctatig ares ofthe county shunned exon ‘bythe US ltr, alin search of acai goal, the excuse, whee in th form ofan atl, 2 photograph oe ideo cp,ant ‘You are going to read an article about Captain Cook. For questions 48-53, choose fam the sections (AD). The sections maybe chosen more than once Mark the answers onthe separate anewer sheet. In hich eton ae the allowing mentioned? Cook's weyages enhancing kaolin a range of els “ ‘Cook’ fate decision to challenge figure of utorty ss ‘the concep of giving up one's ie for a greater good « etic methodlogy bing crac Yo Coos achievements ” ‘emaable coincidences fitting Cook's perpse “ 2 changein eumstances ouding a stustion ° ‘he abandonment oan enlighten approsch so | the priveged ecg ta enforce an image 3” the possibilty of Cook bing pase fora dviniy a asking Cok merely performed his dty o actively shaped regal poloy s 4sThe Changing Faces of Captain Cook a Inthe psntng by Johann Zoffany which dps the death of Captain James Cook ~ the tirless fightentbentuy explorer ~ the capa i how Jying on the ground, ‘morally wounded "and Surrounded ty an angy group ofha-naked waros. The painting In keeping with otbers of the Tate eighteenth century, contributed to the growing ‘demand for spied depictions of heroic dene of Bris fcr. Ths fasion enforced the vewpoit hat the Brith ete, at hat tie, were sees wiling to saerfice themsehes in the mae of €alghtenment and progres. Daring his carer i he ‘vy, Cook made thee important voyages into the Pcl A quik lok ata mp ofthat are ody wll Show miner ofthat ine ~ for eral, the Cook sland, and Mount Cook oa the South sland of New Zealand . ‘Theres some contzosery a5 whether Cook should te regarded spl as part ofthe proces which edo Europe spreading i nlucnce and strength it the Paaitleor whether be played a mor ei ole- ither vay, the sigifiance of bis dlsoveries remains Immense. His expeitons cotribated great 1 the study of botany, anthropology, navigation, ‘aploation, cartography, and medicine. In Tot, his estes accomplishment probably termed fom his thorough proach to whatever he undertook wich le him to be able to consalidate the work of elit cxplorers. Cok’ fist two voyages into the Pace were characterise by his tolerance and forbearance towards the aban ofthe nds he vised and the importance he plcedon the psi well-being of his ctew- His recognition ofthe fat tha thee was 2 hige cultural difference between his men and the ilandets influenced his deals withthe ater and ‘the commands sed to the former By contrat is ‘hid and lst voyage So lileren, moe irae (Conta maa who frequents punished his own men for minor misdemeanors. Flogging became selatvely ‘common event and some crew mers even begin 0 plot tin. c (On 16th January, 1779, Cook's ships put in a Kealakekua Bayon. Havail having ft slowly crumnavigatod the land Hebd decided tht they should pas the winter ina warm region before sling {othe west cos of America o restock te ship, The arrival of the ships coincided. with the rials Surrounding the warship ofthe got Lano By landing tthe bay where the temple ofthe god was stated in ‘hispartcal seston the expedition managed oul with amsing precision the various legends esi With Lon. Even the ship’ mast and sal ore sme ‘semblance to the emblem ofthe god Speculation si hat the inant of the and may have ‘Sippsed Cook ost be the go, visting them in Iman form, oF tat he was human representative of the god. Ether way, they wolomed fim with open ns and gave i help in tcing his ships with 00 “The exetion’s epartarehappened to conse with the end of this Season of worship, no doubt farther aig to the inde conviction that Cook was 3 ‘man of importance to then. Unfortanately, the expedition had to return othe bay after one of he ships suffered siorm damage. On the ind it was ‘0W a pri dedicated to the worship ofthe go Ki, 8 dey apposed o Lon. Coo’ retua was therefore entrain) and contin, a potentially upest he eiate relationship that bad been previously tsublsbed: ent ook 3 tn forthe worse with hit econ to confront the Hawai King er the thet ff on of is boats. This served to ner the wrath of the islanders and teiggered Series of evets ht led to his Bing ld by them onthe beach ofthe Bay hile eying le fo the sandAnswers tothe Reading & Use of English Sample Paper Pant te 20 a¢ ag 5c 6. 78 ao Parts {ak Bo into ending (every) once ina while & month passes without thee being remains tobe seen how ‘on the verge of cying/ eae 30 raed /had any objections to eres # Part warwonerce 7Naas Gor. Grammar |A THE PRESENT TENSES 1 The Present Continuous ie used: 1 for actions in progress atthe time of speaking, He's watching TV at oho moment 2 for temporary actions or temporary repetition. This year, Im studing Spanish Im gating up at 6 o'clock every moming this Wook 8 for arranged actions {plans forthe near futur. Im going to Landon tomorrow. 4 with always, continually forever, emphasising {hat the ation happens, vey often, too often He's always helping the poor. You're alvays losing tings! 5 for changing situations / development The probe Is gttng werse. 1 Tm thinking about moving house. (= consider) Thor: Hie 2 He's seeing his rend this evening. (= mee 3 He's ealous. (hat his ature) ‘e's being jealous. (a this moment) [Adjectives descring behaveur ata paricusr moment ean Be use with Beng, sue a fsous, foolish, gree ily, nosy, naughty, ec) 4 My lg hurts is harting. fart, abe an fel can ‘be used in ether the simple or cotnuous ence] 2. The Simple Prsent is used: 1 for habitual actions / permanent routines, ‘usualy go tothe pub inthe evenings ‘She works nthe post ofc. 2 for timetables / programmes with a future meaning "My plane leaves in hal an how 3 In newspaper headlines for recent events WAR BREAKS OUT IN THE GULF 4 in sports commentaries. [The present Continuous is also possible siones passes the bal 0 Simpson Wo often use ean / could with verbs of perception Tean smelt something buming. 8 Grammar - Transformations - Advanced Language Points 8. The Simple Present Perec ie used: 1 for completed past actions [tne not mansionec. "Tom has broken his eg 2 for periods of ime not yet ove. ‘Sho hasnt been aut yet tis momin, 8 alter tho folowing expressions: ‘This / tis the st / second / ony, et, time This It/ He, tc sth best / worst Thi 1s the MS! time ve seen 3 tiga. tis te bes play wove ever seen He as been to Landon. (= he has visite #) He has gone to London. (= he is there now) Ho has boom in Londan fortwo yaar. (= he ssf ‘in London and fas already sper two years ther) 44 The Present Perict Continuous is ueed: 1 for actions started in the past and stl continuing thas Boon raining for three hours / since last nig Hor cxoressea he length of ee: for wo years ‘months te] [since expresses a starting point since lst woek 1860, ete) 2 for recently fished actions with a visible resut Inthe present. ve Been runing. That's why 100k so hot. 5 for questions showing annoyance, suprise, et. inthe present about a recent past action, ‘Who has been playing with my toys? asked the ite Boy. 1 The verbs know and have (= possess) are not Used in continuous tenses. Thave known her for ton years We have had this speedboat since 1998 2 Some veros such as Ive, stay, study, wat, ‘and work can be used in the simple present perfect insta ofthe present perfect ‘continuous without any aiference in ‘meaning have ved / have Been iving hore since 1906, Ihave been here for yo weoks. avd to Weeks ag.) nero foro Weeks. Te aranged to stay for Mo Wek.)PRACTICE 1 Fil inthe correct present 1 Tis ie the ny tie fn PE... (RVG) Chinese food. 2 They/re usually vary welLbehaved. | don't know why they... 8A. B89... be) 80 naughty atthe moment. 3 Who Ns Been drawing. (raw) on the walls again? 4 The doctor nn fA MRI... (nt 8) anyone at four, $0 wy net come then? '5 The neighbours ve. been arauing.. (argue) since midday and they sit havent stopped. HOW 1099 BEB YOU ARQ (OW) Or? | YOU sn ann frONEE AQ... forget to bring your homework! | 8 What time 9088... the curtain USA 08. (90) UP? 8 AED. at think) FH.go out tonight’ ‘Oh, 1... ng... ink) of going tote cnema" 10 Ann ....AB6 23... not eal) since breakfast. bil inthe correct prosonttnse. 1 My car... been making. (make) funny noises recenty so | am taking ito the mechanic 2 We ae been diving... driv) forthe last ve hours, Will we ever get there? 3 nnn the focal enema. MI... (show) anything good tonight? 4 HOW Ng BR es YOR nn BB WO) YOU HOUSE? 5 Louis ... doesn" agree... (not agre) with my ideas sometimes. 1 May 1 BOMOW this OF orn 8fBaonnns YOU ABB (us 7 Oh nol |. RMR PEEEG,.. (not pa 8 You ook red... HOW... you een. wertng.. (work) a ot recenty? 9 Lally... OMY ANEW... (not know) what YOU 88 MR... ak) about. 10: They 184828. 8... (be) 80 greedy that have fo take that chocolate off them before they ea al the exam. ‘© Write your own sentences using: 1 rane 2 Israining 3has boen raining 4 Iehaving 5 has has8 THE PAST TENSES 1 The Simple Pastis used: {3 Tho Simple Past Perec is used: 1 for completed past actions {time mentioned] 1 for past actions betore ime in the pastor We went to the theatre last right, ‘another past action 2 forhabjtul/ repeated past actions. Ste ed et detec Dae Tho chilren alvays played inthe garden. te. ‘sor The chicren used fo ply in th garcen. can onto the pltiorm but tho tain had just (om The chiGren would play Inthe garcen. let ‘om The chron were Inthe hab of playing 2 after the following expressions: Inthe garden, This / twas te st second only, et. time This / It) He, etc, was the best worst wore ‘was the fst tie I had vsted di it's two years since I saw Pau, ‘Sho was the bes feachor | had ever had. on: fs two years since Ive seen Paul Inor: Since | eee. travan-coee Paul] | 2. The Past Continuous I used: 4 The Past Perfect Continuous is used: 1 for past actions in progress at a specific tie. 1 for actions over a period of time that lasted What wore you doing athe time ofthe bbe? Up oa certain pontin the past, ‘She was washing her air when the doorbel rang. ‘By 1998, ad boon Wing in London or sc Twas resting whi he was watching TV. oars. 2 for temporary past actions. The diver who caused the accent had ‘Baokin the nineties, | was working asa banker. been dking, 3 with always, continually, forever for emphasis in 2 for past actions that caused a visible resultin the past the past. is parents were always arguing His hands wore city. Had he Been cing in ‘She was alvaye helping people in need the garden?” The roads were wet had been snowing, PRACTICE ‘Filia the correct past tense. When fa 2 hl 11] nf 8A nn (SPORE) every Summer at my aunts inthe country. My aut, who [2] (8) VOFY ERNE (3)... Bl... (ple) Ou plats high at every meal I emember going to bed everynight feeting ike [4] ...£89.Peen eat... eat) all day Last yoar, 118} MEME on (Go) 0 iit my aunt agaln «she 1) tga at. wn abroad fr sae yas Actual, Kwak the teste TT £220 on (88) horn tn yea! When | ® eam (o98) Re, 8h [nH na 8) in ar old Rouse sho [10}....98 ving (tay) with her cousin. We [11 orn nnn ak) al day about tis and that Wht (12) PEE... QUA) me most Was that she 19) PALE 80) at of weight In act 1114) 88 uns (9BENA) a Whote day with her and she [15] on fe. (pot offer) me anything to at!‘Choose the correct answer. 1 twas the most sensible hing he. all day. 6 For most oie adut t,he... chess on @ hac eas Sunday ateroons with a fend B deen soyng @ playos 2 By the time | got to the theatre, the play Piles @ had started 7 ttn. all day and we thought it would never stop. B started @ had been snowing 3 Just ate |atved, the show B ured ia mo ‘hed bogun Last summer, had a temporary job 88 @ ® vecen water 4. over Hs innbh saci ee A had always been getting a © were always getting 9 How many applications ....... up to that point? 7 were you recaving 8 | undera tre whon got struck by lightning. Lucky, someone took me straight to Gn you jocabed rst 10 Aten cock at ight, wo to fh he ob ‘@® was shettering ® were sil tying B shotored B ha sil ee cc FUTURE FORMS 1 wt Some otter ways o express he ho old har wil close in Ctober. “he Prin Minster eo vit Mac next month. 2 song Ihe lane ls about eae. Thecld mao i glgto clone inact Te fe aan a sco, 2 simple preset or resent continous asso toran. (conan The old theatre closes in October. ‘tis bound to srow. (= very likely) ‘The old theatre Is elosing in October. ‘The company is onthe point of signing a new contract. Just about to) ‘so: Tho company i onthe brink verge of bank (= angers nay) 1 True Contos we 1 for actions in progress at a cerain tim inthe future. ‘A our o'clock Ii be working. 2. for actions which are planned or wil happen in the normal course of evens. The postnan willbe coming soon. 3 to politely ask about someone's plans (esp. when wo want sth Wil you be going to the post efice ts meming? Iso, could you please pos this for me? Nor normaly used after these words or phrases: ‘ater, even if unt ti, 28 fg 8s, If when, as soon as, unless, whenever, before, Incase, whl, by th time, the ‘moment | minute, on condition that, the next time, provided | providing, suppose | supposing, the Sooner... once ‘fl him as soon ase avs. Come and see us witen you ae next in London. ‘ut: We use wil afer whether with expressions such as: I don't know, | doubt, | wonder, etc | dont know if wheter he wil come,2. The Future Peroct is used: 7 . i {or acions which wil rave taken place by acetain | Bort uae unt a afer dla onse. Use by, bythe time or betore a catain ation inte tre {ume or bore. unt it can be used withthe j "i have prepared eventhing belore they arive. future perfect ony in negative sentences oI av reared evening bye tre hay ‘won't have nse unt tn 20] ‘3 The Future Perfect Continuous is use: to show the duration ofan action up to a specific ime in the future. By ve o'clock, have been crn for about sh Rous By the and of next month, well have boen Ing In this ly fr twenty yeas. / ce | Here are some verbs that can be both transitive and intransitive, | beak devon inprove pour spread! purty hand gn te bun finh” move rol tear He offered her a bouquet of owers cook hang offer sell wash Ton offered to hap har c00k the cer PRACTICE Filia the correct future tense, 1 What do yOu think YOU von Ml 8M... (8) ths time next year? 2 There is some doubt as to whether or not the President .tilatend| willbe attending (tena) tne launch ofthe shut. 3 Im sure they... Mae hve land... not land) by ten o'clock, 4 By noxt Easter, my elder sister... lee been worn... (work) on her projec for six months, '5 Please inform me the moment the manager rive. (ere) 6 al YOU nn A8.meRTng eR... eae) your new jacket tonight, oF can | Borrow it? 7 We 0 hving lb having. (have) lasagne for dinner tonight. I's already in the oven. 8 Take a sandwich in case you et (get) hungry later. Choose the correct answer. 1 What time isthe performance... to stat? oe ire 2 Teyre tbe late hay avy ar bine abou 9. Aecoang oe wear reas. tomar a ae © is gong ran 4 Thao lads at on the poh. th ay. soning S toagn 5 1 tata morning tomoron 1} @ wilve manag 8 witnave naked 6 Tae nt eyo. at your teacher, i Raven cole bio expel you, a (@ ovar © lower 7 Have you thought about how you... bak the loa? ' will have been paying) are going to pay 8 “Help Tee's water al over he then foot! I hink weve got lak Dont Wor. @ plumber font way.” a cing ‘@ wicalSIMILAR MEANING IN ANOTHER WAY ‘Study these examples. 1m sill wing the memo, si "haven ished (writing) the memo yet, si 2. She's the best panist Ive ever heard Ive never heard sucha good pia "haven't heard a better planistbetoce 8 The last time we wert to Amsterdam was last year. ‘We haven't been to Amsterdam since ast year 4 stated reacing after / as soon as they (had) lettne room. dnt start reading until they (had let the room. | stated reading when they (had) ott room, | waited unt they (ad) left the room before | started reading "Not unt they ad left the room dl! start reacing 5. bought this ridge ten yeers ago. "have had tis ridge for ten years, 6 How ong ago dia you buy that tat? How long hae lt been since you bought that flat? How long is lt sinee you bought that at? 7 We have never been to China betor. Ite the rt time we have ever been to China PRACTICE ‘Complete the second sentence so that thas a similar me word given. You must use between theo and elght word. 1 began washing up after they had gone to bed. ni Tle begin washiog up unl (er... the children nad gone to bed. 2 Our college has naver held a Halloween party botore. time Frou the st tme ou college has hl ‘Halloween pary, 23 While | was tuning my guitar, the string broke. that enonaM8 while 9 tuning my gular thet the sting broke. 4's wooks sine | ast tuned on the computer. rot Tene nol tumed onthe computer or. wooks. 5 They bogan building the hotel in June, been ‘They sie Been bulla the hotel since... June, 6 Iwas his frst ime on a plane, wasn't i? He. fad.never been.on plane (belore). nad he? 7 She moved to Egypt a year ago. ‘n She son @seen (lag) a aye... a year. ___ a 8 i's amonth since Ive spoken to her. "havent spoken to her fora month tsa month since I (ast) spoke to her 9 She started washing her car an hour ago. ‘She has been washing fer car fr an hour Ite been an hour since she started washing her 10 After Homty (ha) rished his essay, he made a cup of tea Horry, having fished his tea say, made a cup of 41 think rain. {havea feeting ft ain 12 | bumped into Clare wile | was on my way home! ‘as wile 1 was on my way home that! bumped | into Cl. | 13 When did he last phone you? \Wnen was te tas time he phoned you? “There is no doubt that shel win the race, ‘She fs bound to win the race, ng tothe fist, using the word given. Do not change the 8 I's the most absurd story Ive ever heard suet ri hve never heard such, fan abourd story! 9 Germany hadnt won a medal in that spot for a Jong time, since Taf been ong tne since Germany. had Won a medal in that spor. 10 How long ago aid you find out the uth? i How long... Been 6 sine you feud out the truth? +1 There's no doubt shell be released from prison. bound she from prison, (a ound tobe released 12 The last ime he came to vst us was sic months 290. visited a an voted us fr, sx months,Extra Transformations ‘word given. You must use between thre and eight words. 1 Such behaviour is unforgivable, " There ‘ne excuse for such behaviour 2 The boy id the puzzle in threo minutes 2 solution The boy {oun the solution to the puzzle in three minutes. “The fridge was completly empty,’ she said 8 2 ‘There nas (absolutely) nothing taf Dre sameraia ‘Tet jeparyoutrandter my race nono 4 re eee rem wet ators ee ie 5 ve tert SSE on ek ail eae thay lved in pace. ‘s ‘She gets on well with all her students relationship She es a. good elton, wth al her students, ‘Tho play fell short of our expectations, 7 Tho play ‘tee come upto, our expectations {8 Many people ae incierentto the sulering of others. 18 Many people ve (9). ence. forthe sutering of others. ‘Te Prime Minister saw ft to make a statement appropriate ‘The Prime Minister fought (ws) appropriate tomate... statement ‘She has agreed to help atthe party. commited ‘She atthe party. as commited here to hoping, ‘Complete the second sentence so that thas a similar meaning tothe fit, using the word given. Do not change the | grew up with my grandparents, brought Tosgcnnlt BOUGHE UB my grandparents, 1m sure youll be sucoesstl in the long run doubt “There 1.9 doubt you wi succeed | wil be succesful Inthe long run, "The accident wasn't his faut’ she sai, biame sn 0 Ba fr, the aciden she sid ‘The minster eis he was anxious abou the plight oltre nometee. “The minister... Meese i once ‘bout the plhtof the homeless. Though tls bad now, tbe OK nthe and {tl all work out ia bie Hae hough it oaks bad now. ‘Only ityou work hard now do you have any ‘chance of success, epends ‘Your SUCE#88 depends (entre) on you) working, hard now. Not many peopl attended the meeting, turnout “There 868m |Roor tuo wasn't» very good forthe meeting. rout He’ unikely to come tothe party soubtut Ite I6. doubt whether that he wil come... tothe party.Advanced Language Points 4 Right or Wrong? Correct where necessary. 1 You must get more pracioe onthe use of tenses. captain te ue. ‘They wore unable to dspose of he dead boo, f f . ‘The police are in the tral ofthe suspected murderer. 1090.0 NO We lv in the outskits ofthe town, onthe outst We wore very lucky with the weather wile on holiday. “The government has declared a temporary wage freeze to combat rising inflation. v “AI drnks are from me tonight’ said Tom. “Al inks aren... Flin the correct word) to complete the simile. [ & peacock, Punch, the day is ong, houses, ain 1 ashappy as the days long (=n MePeN 2 as pleased os... Pune (= ery passe). 3 asproud.as peacock (= very prov 4 asright si. (=n. a good state of health) 5 assateas uses (x vor secure sal) © Whats the itronce? The game is up. {(-Youe Ou plan tek has en found out and. Morale ica na ‘The game is over. Iz.The game (general game, comoutr {electron 4. Spot the mistake. 1 Pointing to people is very rude. pointing ts 12 The new-maried couple went to ome for their noneymaon, ewe {3 She acted from her own initave and enrolled (on a Spanish course. 90.8 own iit, I. {00 8 new-born bab 4 We hac to request for more help, more ely (i make a request oh) ‘& Match the following to make fixed phrases. 2 fastand f. a mighty 3 hard and i b square tha oa. |e mt tare ree eae 6 sate and 4. furious tt 1 Use one ofthe phrases sbove to complete the sentence 1 There 2 1 BRL AOL... Ue tO doing business; jst let your instncs guide you It's no use just sting there all cnl@@K 6 I... 3 yOU Havent Fooled ‘any ofus you know. | don't realy tke Brian. He igh. 2nd mighty... for my Hking | wil only agree to play cards with you if you promise to play fran sauae, Ihwas such a rll 1 268 the children back se and sound... ater he outing. Since they invested in stocks and shares, the money has Been coming in ‘nea flo.4. Give the masculine frm of | Compete the following, three word phrasal vers, using: tery i“ for, down, on o with, aro ere 1 Is time we out. 82H... on our spendin 2 hero si [=roduee} aus 3 hostess os 2 When he told her about his engagement, she was 4 teh ward, 50 CrO58 she MUN UP 2 i. = put the reeever down) 5 duchess ute, 3. ve completely glvan UP AR. YOU! 6 barmaid bran [= stop having fat ns) spinster... bechabr 4 Don worry! 1 stand Up nf. you 7 spinst (Bipport what sb aya) a 8 sow el 5 He's come ... 92"... with a very bad cold. [= become i with) 6 Ife don't come up... @ solution, weil be 1 Sinr moaning - _—_ - 1» Complete the sentences with the phrases below. judges, beauties, alr, sar, ink, dust, housos 1 Alter climbing sik fights of...sH4..... he opened the door and colapsed int the nearest armchair. 2. Singing in ont of a panel f....UAHES..... was the most nerve-rackng thing she had ever done, {8 Wax polish helps remove specks Of... rom wooden furiturs. 44 Choosing the Carnival Queen from such a bevy ot... PSHE... was not an easy task 5 The vilage consisted ofa smal elustr of... POWRR.... an an old church 6. Why are there Bat Of lf oon All OV8r Your exercise BOOK? Eien aoe eses Not the use of by nthe following structures. 1 He missed the train by ten minutes, 6 By the look of he sky, itis going to rai. 2. We went from Liverpool to London by Coventry. 7. They ae both civil engineers by profession. 2 ke ten past fv by my watch, {8 The police searched the area house by house. 4 The bullet missed him by two inches {By lw, you are a cil unl you ae 18 '5 Tho room ston metres by four 10 tewourby Aight Gosia iste | arPart 2 Language Development A VERBS, ADJECTIVES, NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS 4 Complete he srtnces wih one of the pepostons ton ‘over, rom, of to, n, with 1 She was 20 absorbed i... ner work that she didnt hear me come i 2 My parents abstain. from... leohol 8 Access 10... some parts ofthe nuctea ower plants restricted. 4 Recording .. #2... her new theory, we are ll ‘descended from extraterestrals! 15 Tm not accustomed ...!2.. such rowdy behaviour 6 Are you acquainted ..¥h.. the now law? 7 Atthe end of the trl, bo was acquit... murder. 8 Unfortunatly, she is adleted 1, 9 Its vital you always adhere... 12 principles 10 As she already knew French, she had an advantage ..%¥F.. the rest ofthe cass, gambling, your 8 IDIOMS 4 Match the iloms wth thee dotiiton. (+ ve above oes need 2 above onset 2 above bow 4 over and above 5 getone's act ogee 6 sett ool 7 acon speak louder then words € not know someone rm Adam 9 si ny 10 tie and agin 11 bo up agains someting 1b Choose the correct preposition. 1 Wasi ciffcult lusting into if in Pais? 2 My bank manager advised me for aginst taking out a loan, {Dave aimed atin te target, but mised. 4 Living on that desert stand for so long has alienated him from off the rest of society. 5 Have you always boen allege 1 | peanuts? 6 Is there an alternative for/ to his solution? 7 | appeated to / atthe police for hep, but they ignored me, '8 My parents did't approve In of my decision to leave schoo! atthe age of sixtoen, 9 Sho has a great aptitude for / with that kind of work 10 Many cflcuties arose for rom the new policy. 1A get organised B be oo dificult to understand © not know someone at all D behave in a sly way E think one is better than one actualy Is F bein aifcut position G repeatedly Hin action | legally become an adult J make things worse legal 2 come of age ‘ cise |L what someone does is more important than what someone saysExplain what the idioms used Inthe sentences mean, 1 Good ideas don't come out of thin ar {8 Be an angel and help mo with his case, vill you? fom nowhere De me a avour 2 Dont listen to him - he's fl of hota. 9 He's the apple of my eye. 'm very proud of him. ‘meaningless, boast a ‘someone ove very mut. {8 Our holiday plans ae stil up inthe ai. 410 She welcomed her long st brother wih open | undecided, a stormy, entuslecaly 111 That dre is yours forthe asking, ‘you went | 4 Bo wy ek ae ek heathy and atv. as '5 The ghostly {gure vanished into thin ar _lsappeate, 12 The poltician must have an axe to grind; ne's omits Ser ence oe Drought up the petrol esue three times this ‘confused week. Want to make a pein so ay or do sth contnuoush, 7 Tmteling you ones and forall to got on with your homework forthe lst ome. C PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 2 Match he prepostiona press wih te deo. a’ { ‘a discour i ee c A ina good / better position 2 magence S| gant mich wang Sates Ee |G bylooking qucky at Aaakameaapte noice a D fora cheaper price a E making an estimate © ata peedat f F ing cen rune of miles Ielometres an hour =) =e at faut, art, at large | 1 fhWwas 10ve ann BAMSLEGM.... for Romeo 4 keep my mobile phone close ....8t. NM. and Juliet in case there's an emergency. 2 You are cleary ALU nn this Several escaped prisoners wore sil. 2H, ‘matter and should pay compensation to the =e injured party. 8 Hels an adventure on A Bae D CORRECT OR INCORRECT? ‘Tick th correct sentence(s) | 1a He won £5,000 on the pools. ¥ 48 Its.an epider. 'b_ He won £5,000 at the poos. its.an epidemic. / [epidomy’ doesn’ exe) 2 & What can you buy fortwo pounds? / 5 a He was sont to exile. 'b What can you buy with two pounds? ¥ 1b He was sent into exe. 7 ‘© What can you buy by two pounds? 6 a Hodiod on exile, Putt into rst gear ¢ for Putin fst gear) He died in elle. bb Putinthe frst gear Putin ist gear.E COLLOCATIONS. Tick the appropriate boxes. 3 fe ‘anoffer | an invitation | an accusation | permission itt z 7 aan hi z 7 =a F PHRASAL VERBS (1 seeount for provide an explanation fo 7 answer to match /cortespond to 2 actup rot function properly 8 back down give up 9 notadd up not make sense or seem logical 9 backup suppor by providing a sence | 4 not agroe with give sb indigestion (of fooa) 10 back sb up give one's support to 5 amountto be equal to 11 back out withdraw {5 answer for accept blame for sth and possibly 12 bealter look for { be punished as a result 49°. expensively (or: ue - YU] > gently ~ genty fore whole - wal] & happy happily (ar: ty - hy) 4 scientic » sciemfcaly {aur pubic = publ) 8 Adverbs of requency (always, never, usual ‘often et) are used before the main verb and Bier he vero tobe and moda. We rare go out to eat We are rare at home on Saturdys. sur: these adverbs come before models uses in short answers “Do you help him with his homework” “Yes, |avays do. 8 The aovetbs cheaply, loudly, que, slowly and Aighy ave oon usod wathout yn everday English un quick! rive stow(h 10 The words hourly, day, esky, monthly nc yearly can be used ehor as adjectives or adverbs. 1 ateno wookyy meetings Meetings are hats week. 1 When the folowing words ending in-ed are sed as adjectives, the -ed sylabe Is pronounced fi! (Nor: } 896d, bessed, crooked, dogged, leamed, naked, ragged, wicked, wretched 2 si stockng eur sky ir {2 gold watch ev: golden memorles | beaches {8 stone oor sir: astony lk lence 3 the fst two days months, et. | Wor: thee de dye '5 The soup tastes awfully. Do you think it’s ecible? ‘fa. {6 Anumber of poor lve in my street. eer eenle. 7 An early moming walk can be invigorate. Inegoreting 8 White gers seldom are seen nowadays. "8 seoChoose the correct answer. 41198 ne Upset by the news. ‘A deep ® ceniy 2 These playgrounds are bound to appeal to ‘A young @) the young 2 Wy did you get home so. last right? @iate B lately 4. The cildan wore... 80 | decided to take them out ‘8 boring —-»@ bored '5 Tho sland has several... beaches. @ stony B stone 8 COMPARISONS ‘TYPES OF COMPARISONS: 1 as + adjective + as [in ative or irterogatve sentences) My bothers as tallas mo. not as 80 «88 Tin nagatve sontonces] My brother sot 50 tal as me. 2 comparative + and + comparative "he dog grew fate and fater. ‘Things are geting more and more difcut. 8 the + comparative ., the + comparative The less wo sleep, the mere trad wo got The harder you study, the Deter you wi become, 4 notsucha/an... as This not such a ifcult exercise as we thought ‘5 the same as. su: similar to; inferior / superior to ins jacket i the same as mine. 6 preter + gorund (or noun) + to + gerund (or noun) [oneal peterencs| prefer reading Books fo listening to music. on: [preter reading books rather than listening to ‘music. 7 would prefer + to + Infintve + rather than + (o) Inne dl prefer to read a book rather than (eo) listen to ‘musi 8 Twice (three times ec) 38 a8 ‘She paid twice as much 2s i. 9 no/any + comparative Tn ative ana intorogative sentences] ‘Gant you tak ary quieter? ‘Sho seems no beter tan yesterday, 10. Bolore the comparative we can also use a bt, alot far Let's go by bus; it's a fot cheeper. He ves fr too fas. 6 They greed the actress ‘A enthusiastic) enthusastcaly 7 Forth... days, the weather was very good @ first vee B threo first 8 There isa... meeting which everyivody must attend Wook ® weeky 9 “Does James eat fish?" "No, he wn! A does never @) nover dows 40 That piza smalis @tentestic “” B fantastcaly 11. Bolore the superiatve we can also use by fr, cealy. Thi iby far th best hotel inthe cy 12 frther further (adverbs) are used fr places or stances: ‘oan walk any farther (tthe. ‘uthor (a). adverb) can also be used ‘meaning ‘more /exra| additional “hare wil be no further delays. [hor fathordelaye } 1 much + adjective inthe comparative degree: He's much bater now. Inor: He's very better now.) 2 much too + adjective / adverb Is much f0 hot for tho baby too much + uncountable noun Terk foo much cote. 3. My older elder brother isa dents, ‘am older than my bother. nor: eldorshan] 4 When we compare two qualities, wo use more, not-er. ‘She was more sad than angy. 5 cone: He spoke tous asa teacher. (= he was a teacher). He spokofo us tke a teacher. (= he wasn't a teacher)—| | Order of adjectives ‘The usual oder of adjectives before a noun sas follows, but il can occasionally vary. Personal pion [Sie /Wothi] Age | Stape | Cour | ong | Subnes [Noun [apr young Chines rman anal sauare cantata dirty old grey | ‘suit [alarge ved_| tok a | {The eof nore ihan tree adores etre aroun rae] 1 Common see as drunk a a ord aod ik sighing as dry asa bone 1s easy 2s ABC as cunning 28a fox 5 mad as a hatter | 85 pooras a church mouse | as white as snow 4 quiet as alam PRACTICE | Rewrite the sentence using the word given, 1 Every day our town becomes more polluted and (Our town . becoming mere and more poled ‘very dy, 2 | spend £50 a week on food, but my sister spends £150, 3 Andy used to be caeles, but he's not anymore much ‘Andy IS. much more careless careless (now) han he used oe, 4 Ifyou try harder, you wil improve more “To ere re yout he mere ye. roe. 5 Lisa's easily more thoughttul than anyone else by Lisa's. fesmore ought tan anyone ete {6 Her feat wore freezing, Her fest wore #8 cold a ee, 7 1s less complicated than | expected I's Rt 80.comliated al xpecte. ‘0 eS 0 | would rather stayin than go out. than 1d prefer... fan athe hen (ooo His wig isnt worse than yours. He tes. fata than you do, ‘The theory isn't so convincing ater al, We not... Gh. convincing theo ater a Choose the correct answer. 1 a 3 | can't ink his ts too much much too sweet Karon's dross is exactly the same as / with yours. ‘Actually, think the flm is just ag / 80 good as ‘te book. ‘The water was more cold / colder than warm, 5 The chiden prefer to pay / playing tenis to go / ing swimming. | wl nec further tater information before | can make a decision, Joe is elder alder than the other children in the lass. ‘why doesnt she make tno / any ease or hin? ‘Aunt Louiso was as busy as a mouse / be all morning, Horse ring was far more enjoyable / enjoyable than they had expected.SIMILAR MEANING IN ANOTHER WAY ‘Study these example 4 Jane slegps more heavily than John, 7 ‘ohn sleeps les heavily than Jane. ‘John dosnt seep as heavily as Jane. ° ‘John is nat as heavy a sleeper as Jane. ‘John is not such a Reavy sleeper as Jane. 2 There is too much sugar ints coffee, she sald ‘This coffee Is much too sweet, she said. {3 Ive never seen such a good fim as Speed. 9 ve never seen a better fm than Speed ‘Speed Is the best fm Ive ever seen, 4 ve got the same numberof stamps as you. "ve got as many stamps as you '5 His hair and mine are the same colour His hai isthe same colour as mine {6 Hei tho fastst swimmer ofa [No one (ose) can swim a fast as ne does, He is faster han any other swimmer. He isa faster swimmer than anyone else, He ewims faster than anyone else. 0 " 2 PRACTICE lant there a larger size than this? 15 this the largest size there is? ‘A Ralls Royoe is (much far / aot) more ‘expensive than a Fiat. [A Fats (much /for/ all ess expensive than 2 Polls Royce. ‘Fiat lat as / so expensive as a Rolls Royce. {As she studies harder, sho learns more, ‘The harder she studies, the more she earns. He's such hard workor, isn't ho? He works so hard, doesnt he? ‘There is no comparison betwoen your mansion ‘and my beds. ‘My badst can't compare with your mansion, ‘This hamond ring is twice as muchas the other one, ‘Ths dlamond ing i tie the price af te other ‘The thr ing fs half he price ofthis clamond one. ‘Complete the second sentence go thatithas a similar meaning tthe ist using the word given. Do not change the ‘word given. You must use between thee and eight words. 1 Potois such a metouious worker, ent hs? 2 pata micdany deine 2 Give the chariy a goncous donation and we wil be gral © sto ana om cary and we val be gato 2 My cobeage i mor competent vaio than me than Ti oeague ete ore cometety hn! 4 Light ised sudceny rm the room. fa Thee. ‘rom ha room 5 Your poems are much beter than mie. compare Mp RHR a compar MD... yours. 6 ‘othe te best compotion you an wit?” asked the teacher woe suede ah of a. better ‘Gant 19H Mne 2 better composition thn ‘asked ihe teacher. 7 Leeds has the same annual rainfall as Edinburgh. ‘Annually, Edinburgh, '8 There Is too much salt in the stew,’ he sai, a The stow this?" sap 98 eh n Leeds 8 oes), Fach 00 6... he sai. 2 “ 6 6 {9 1am a more equent lator witer than my brother wits My brother wis eters less Requenty. nan do, Your opinion on he matters ke mine ave We ete same eile... onthe mat. ‘As he thought about it, he became happier with his decision, the J nee ought about te Rape ho became with his decision Ive never had auch an ejoyab ight cut as eight. have Tonights the est elvan out hove, nad Incanretararts arent as Sommon as Chinese restaurants in Greece. tess Inca restaurants ae....e68. common than, Chinese rsiaurans in Grooce. +H compostion and min ae ofthe same sancad His composition afte same standard 8. mine ‘You't calm down as you stop wortying so much less Te no ABBOU MON te calmer... you be That proteseor always gives me a endl silo when wale as That profesox always le nnd. ‘mann... when | walkin aeae Extra Transformations Complete the second sentence so that ithasa similar meaning to the fst, using the word gWven, Do not change the ‘word ven. You must us 1 0 between three and eight words. ‘They ar certainly not stupid. They stupa are by.n0 mene "rather we started work at eight o'lock. preference r ve 2ereterence for strung work at elght o'clock, Don't pay any attention to what he says. notice Don't what he says {ake anv notice of | don't fet tke going to the party. mood Tam etn the (gn) mood tego | min. mood fo. go to tho party. ‘The new plans forthe brary have been approved by the authorities. ‘The new plans forthe lbrary RH, mel. th he, P0001 2... he authors, The economic station seems unlikely to improve in the near future sign The economic situation .2hem 29 | arly any ign 2fimproving in the near future, "You don't appreciate me,’ she complained. ranted "You she complained. ‘2he.me fr sate. | nave great cific in reading her handwriting, ditcut 1 find her henowrting very cut to read. Caroline doesn't ook anything lke her sister. bears Caroline ... BER® (abslule. ne resemblance to | didnt go to work ast Friday ont 1 {0k ne the dy of last Frigay, ‘11 They wil have to accept your offer option They Have ne. ontion but to accept your ofr. 12 Alor the scandal, he was asked torsion immediately. hana ‘After the scandal, he was asked [0 hand Ini sesignation, Immediately 18 That's none of your business. thing That ‘nothing tao, you. 14 Rache's arrival was completely unexpected, took Rachel’ arrival. 2 4 them completely by. surprise. 18 We cant stand that teria noise any longer. enough We ave nad enough of that tombe noise 16 Money counts for litle on a desen island, value ee ott yave on a desert isang, 17 certainly won't change my mind about resigning. ‘question ‘Thee... 16.20 question of (me | my? changing, my mind about resigning, 18 Boing a tenis coach doesn't really sult hi, you know. out Ho's not really... teu #0.28.2 enn eo, + you know:Advanced Language Points 4 Flin payor pay for payer. payee. ‘ones mistakes phone call PM... 28 pare, payee. 2m, 2m, a taxl (60: pay a tal driver) ‘rime (= be punished) a debt ail b He has something about him means: 1 there's something al ound him there's something Impressive about him. © there's something wrong with him. tis used colloquial, In a complimentary sense, to Inceat tha the person has some qualy that one seimres ond atractve. [ormosre: He as nothing ebout hin © COLLOCATIONS: Flin the correct form a the appropriate verb. ‘rouse, comm i, Woat BAe fi... the scription was arrested al the aipor. 2 Dan asked a lot of questions, which ‘reise. tee suspicions. 3 tts untkaly thathe 22m. such an cofenco. 4 Several passengers wore... for ‘hock ater the accident. __-“ 4 Punetuate the following. ‘g Paul, where had the teacher's approval. p had (had racehed) the foxchers approval mary had had had had’ had had ‘had’: had had’ had au, where Mary had ha (= had witn) ‘ad had had had (= had writen) had had’ Dad en crs tn 1 Sonaoay oun a eat / 2 eveybat seu ernatengo « Figaro tomy F.do itor my name isn't Brown, 7 7 He's drunk or something, 7 8 We slop at on o'clock last right ‘en's be °C acy fe man yer an 10 You's being jealous.” Tite preten annus ob hoe refers only to temporary behavioural te momento speaking) ait aa Te as oon aoe eR a eee 2 Tarnerieinntagenist ants | nae ‘peed | a eee) Sonera tae atcr «Won chs ty ee wy ala eee eee oan eer ee retest elton alee ogee1. Use the word phrase given In brackets to rewrite the sentence without changing its meening. 1 1m determined to stay {intenton} {have no intention of leaving have ever nenton of staying 2. You ought to move house. (high time] It Pgh tie you moved house. 3 Gonerally speaking, it was a good fm [large] (2.2 larg, Hae goed fi, 4 Im corain e't be here by twelve. [bouna} | He's bound to be hereby two, | ‘5 She couldn't understand the message. [sense] The message made no sence to her, (Pere F > crocs the correct encings 1 complete the following proverbs. 1 \ono ood ti nesta demesne 7 i aoter mae poten | 2 One man's meat. Js another man's poison, » begins at home % ae beat. one, » ite moter of nveron Ao toss teat tnt » deserves naar | Fin the comect phrase. a out, sort sel out, of sors, ou of sors, a sort one a] 1 The aby Is Bit onl 0, today and seems to do nothing bute [bet ek or upsi : and | 2. Stop worrying: everthing Wl... 8 HAH Mt Te bp bel problem] © 8 Is time you stopped complaining all the ime and {= deat wis your wm probleme ns satifecton way) 4 Ho wrote an answer ot sorts, ‘and handed itn tothe teacher (E hot very good exis inp '5 We wont to that new restaurant yesterday and had sotto, soup ~ ''m not sure exacty what twas. = unusual: fut fo describe) best burst fox forks end eamed pot port ten tuned shot shortComplete the sentences using the word in tho box. oh 3p, Blow, Hy ross 4 You shouldnt retin envi 2 Don. 8...ccky wool pullover. [= early iy cites in washing machivo] Do: blow......dry your hair? 5 Pedy hana fa a a Pome fue eis) 5 Thedolendant was ...£28.....examined Seon 3b arcu gain) ‘reat that animal Tek the correct aneners 1 2 3 ound the book absolutely ‘8 bestseling gripping © absorbing I'm sony, but | don't... tal sympathise with you / feel sorry for you 7 © sympathise you TV wile she lunch. was watching .. cooked watched .. cooked © watched .. was cooking He || Use the words inthe box to complete the phrases and explain what they mean. | Targe, ter, blue, of, square Dy and. eW. T= higenerall fair and. ASHE, TE clear and honest) |e BE T= damage de to normal uso] 2m a nn Bl > lee... protts er7 9908] 230802... del Te fran honest eatment “T= Raw ane aga rm et tine] Blak and nM, T= Bay brused) / Eo) y How do you pronounce these words? ‘Aesop isn! aged (= very old) Feit aisle ja) ambush enti! amiable eins ‘among sm) ancient Pein ~~ [eerea shout blue murder = the record ‘ala (nfrmaton) Blu rmurdr fomake ato nol leas ss - means of protest)Part 2 Language Development |A_ VERBS, ADJECTIVES, NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS 1 Choose the correct preposition. 1 Ho was arrested for on forging the document ‘Sam doesn't ike his son assoctating to / with those boys, ‘hore was an attempt on / atthe President's Me this morning ‘Your atitude towards / against marriage is very oldfashioned. ‘Ace you aware for of your rights? ‘The government has imposed a ban in on hunting endangered species. ‘Whatever became with of him? He used to be 1 household name, The prisoner begged about for mercy {9 He's a great beiover in the benefits of | rom this therapy. 10 Motorists wore warmed to beware af about slippery roads. 8 IDIOMS, : | Match the idioms with their defintions. 1 get someone's back up 2 at the back of one's mind 3 get off someone's back 4 know a place like the back of one's hand 5 put one's back into 6 stab someone inthe back get one's own back 8 tum one's back on 8 go back on one's word 10 you scratch my back and i sratch yours 11 the back of beyond 412 on one's back > Complete the sentences with one ofthe propositions Inthe box. ‘beneficial ...!2..... the whole school. ho ol bine eae ‘yeahs = Cee He is blind... all her faults, Jack is aways boasting 24. now much ‘money he earns 6 The travel agency booked us IM... the wrong hotel 7m geting very bord Mth business, 8 Stop bragging ‘9 Now Ive been promoted, Im burdened ih... even more responsibilities. sith. tre chileren all dy. this entre P24. your new car 10 te been busy 2 In one's thoughts but not of | immesiate importance | & know somowere vry wal © betray D inbed due to iness E stop annoying someone F reject refuse to help sb / sth G ty hard 1H break a promise someunociclated annoy 86 get revenge yu help me an elp you| Complete the sentences with one ofthe cioms. | save ab’ bacon, a bad, got bad name, take the good with the bad, a bag of Bones, —] | inthe bag, lt the cat out ofthe bag, set the ball rong, onthe bal, have a ball 1 We: a bal. In France- 6 ‘Who wants to ......8al. heal elig, it was fantastic! bby opening the discussion?” 2 Jason ....lotihecstoutofthebeg......when 7 WS. Int. boa, =the job is he told Anne we were planning a surprise party yours, fier 8 Hels aad ot ‘and I dont 3 You have to... the good with the bad. want you associating with him, Things don' always run smoothly. een or Cn NBL Bs when hen somebody got food poisoning after eating she lent me that money. there. 5 Lucy was just bea.of bones, 10 Ack Jane if you want to know about curent fairs; wen she went into hospital she is always nthe bal © PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 5 ‘Complete the sentonces with the coroct propositional phrases. alata ons, at lengih t once, at peace at 1 matrald we haven't got any vacancies ....st ese... 2 Ityou won't goto the wedding, nn Al08H.... Sond. git 8 The two counties 270 fn nn AM REREP nnn ie Years of fighting, 4 Clean up your r00m on 84. ANE... | OUF Quest Wl be artving SoCn. 5's wonderul they've found a cure... 6 We discussed the projec... A/¢nah.... and managed to cover all the deta Match the prepositional phrases wih ther definitions. ‘She picked a card at random, - 2 Get t competed by Monday atthe latest... 3 Atthe present time, the research team 's uying outa new drug. 4 ict catch what he said as | wasnt really paying attention atthe time, iG 5 Don't act hastily as there's too much At stake and you might lose more than you can afford to, At times, | doubt his sanity, sometimes at isk without conscious choice then no later than a carta tine / date1D CORRECT OR INCORRECT? Tk the correct sontenco() ] 1 & The detective eyed ather suspciousy. 4 &. The carteit moving because youve no gear. pS Sica” $ nestichnmetmaaetomnon 28 His aii ating down 5 & He crankitn one aup. His hati tating ot 7 3 He eran wih on auiP His hari ining. 7 6 8 She wore nerharin a pony. 7 21 & Was fod wih planiton She had her hal 38a pony Wale fed on plankton. 7 7 &. We wate for one anda hal hour Io: fod bor aia wth th) 3 Wevwntoaforone and ahafhours, E COLLOCATION sore 2 Tkthe appropriate boxes. rie ee dined oe Bpccdent onl tart be ody [Bahaiou] Gtr [appearance] place | are [Tongiage] Worse frie ees et od stenge ZR A A teroun [7 Tepe) at tts fein i ila at bon your eur tg > ‘ther cous, “~ “a vin: imagination (= create) 2 (= dealer growing crop), stn, ona, event pas, sound (= pleasing high quaty. solos (ron, F PHRASAL VERBS (1 bear up be postive /hopetu, despite suflering or misortune 2 bear wth show considerable patience Towards 3 black out lose consciousness 4 blastoft leave the ground (ofa rocket) 5 blowup enlarge 2 exaggerate 6 bring about cause to happen (us. of stations) ‘enaiions (= uneuleble:unhygenic) 7 bring foward 1 advance to an eater dat / time 2 raise fr decussion (formally) 8 bring of succeed in doing sth ilu 9 bring on cause (ath negative / unpleasant) 10 bring out cause tobe soon: make clear 11 bring ound 1 rovivo 2 persuade ‘3 bring tosb's house‘Mum refused at fist, but we managed to Prd. her 2 Ty ROEM... ee he's Under aft of pressure Its typical ofthe press to... low. the whole mater. 4 Frank on ARMNOI.... a8 wal as Cah be expected under the cicumstances, Her high temperature was... rewat., by going out in such ba weather. “The increase in responsibilty has Drought out... ner best qualities. 17 What... RO¥aht about, house? 8 Who ...brouat ormard ew treasure’? her decision to move the idea of electing @ brought of Tre new director business deal abig 10 Can't you A... the party. OR, 0 the Smiths ean come? ‘© WORDS EASILY CONFUSED 4 Choose the coret word to complet the sentence 1+ The game of chess has been in @eovistoncs 8 duration 2 Iryou are. @ confident B secure ‘A svaght @)staigntonard 4 Lucyis an exromely ‘ outard xtgoing 5 Theestateis Bopen 8 avaiabie 6 Why dont you tke the A stat naive 7 Ohvis’ skilful play put his opponent fon Bin 8 The cause ofthe problem ‘A occurs: Biies ‘8 Complete the following sentences with the correct form ofthe phrasal verbs glven onthe previous page. for hundreds of years of your abity to succaed, you wil do 80. {You have to agree with his reasoning: his plan is so 30nd that’s why she has lots of fends, to the public every Sunday ftom Api to Octobe. ‘and decide what should be done nex? the defensive in unemployment. 1 There was a wmendous noe when hero lasted off. a 12 Fortunately, we were able to... tng... im ound... by slapping hs face 43 Ifyou cant see the map in detall, have it blown. 16 ee JOM ay. 48 Even though the boxer....Pasked. eu... fora few seconds, he stl refused to give up, round... fr calles one b NOMINAL FORMS: Filin the correct nominal form. 1 Aer the rocket cisintegrated, 2 The doctor 22 the PBEHRH on. e had could be a symptom of a number of conditions. $3 Would it be possible to get a... bawup ofthis photo? “'b Fil inthe correct word inthe appropriate form. border /frontior shiver / tremble 1. The border | renter, was temporarily closed 1 He was.....emblng.... with anger, but said by soldiers for security reasons. sothing. 2 The bedsheets had a. BAM a Of 2 The house ...AOMBIed,.... as a convoy of white lace. lorries drove by. The garden had a beautifully kept lavm with a 8. The homeless man stood in the doorway OME... of white rosebushes, storing... violently with cold 4 They grew up in a remote. fn 4 Her logs mete rembling... wath fear peep . vanen useg © WREA RE started 20 on AMMPE onan wit ver, {omean a ding fine between two counties ater tee . borders toured when raring oe spo tnd j SANE Sako, p28 2 reso ot fear or axcement ier sratpettremaas aye TORRE Eeckmencaciman ae | 2 eo i er eS | ees | a ree 2 annoy annoyed, annoying _annovance z 3 apologise (unapologetic apology E | raat rar ope ee ses ree 5 (di)epprove (disjapproving (Asiaperva = 6 argue (unjarguable, argumentative =e. = 7 assist (unlessisted assistance eet 8 astonish astonished, astonishing astonishment, ere acd | tnt, oniatnde| a oan, atendant 10 atvact | funatacve, traction /atractveness = ral + Se a ce om "neote.se port wars ae 2 We all found his refusal to help extremely ...2MMOHNE, amor 3 They were most .....2POIOMeHE..... and insisted on paying for the damage. APOLOGISE 4 Use the special... APPNESY...... 10 put a layer of glue there. eur 5 Carl frowned, showing his ae ‘APPROVE 6 Diana's a very ....ngumentative.... person and never agrees with what anyone says. “ARGUE 1 rte ole pee cm 8 To Rob’s.....astonishment...., he was offered the job. -ASTONSH 9 The light aiondeat told me to fasten my seat belt. ‘ATTEND 10 really cant $08 the son. fast... of snawboaraing armacr‘¢Filinthe correct word each time. 1 Geious, anxiously. aio) ‘By the look on her face | could tol she was ful of bb Fealing sure she was being followed, she peered 2 (@vod,(unjavoldable,avordance) avoidance... schemes, ‘8 The aim of this ste sto inform the public ofthe dangers of using tax b Though nobody believed them, the managers tod the workforce thatthe recent jb losses were nays, anv. AnHOUR.. behing her. 3 (Wilaware awareness) ‘We need to inerease public 7 Unfortunately, che was... WA «4 (Gear, (unbearable, bearer) 1 The pain was so... xABEHAbI.. that he had to call an ambulance. Db Ton mean to be the BRR... Of Bad news, but heavy rain i forecast for tomorrow. ' (Gjbeteve, urjbaievablo, (e)botet) ‘© Thwas a bul ...2MBSReVE... moment when Kate won the gold b_ When he announced his engagement, everyone just looked at him in 6 (Banal, beneficial, benefactor benetoctr Inher old age, Mrs Grey became the Contrary to popular opinion, computers can have a education 1 (Garay, batrayal btrayer ‘8 No matter how hard you ty, wil never Delay... Simon's confidence. The children knew that what they had done was 2 nn ARMA... ofthat father’s rst Hore... to the seriousness ofthe problem. that people were watching her and made a fool of hers. sole. ‘ofthe focal dogs! home. benef... effect on young people's 8 (Graihe, breathless, beating) ‘knew his condition was worsening because his breathing... was getting heavier and heavier. b Watching him open the Iter, we were 4 breatness. with anticipationPart 3 Vocabulary Practice 1 Choose the correct answer. 1 ound the training exhausting as the coach sways pushed us tothe ‘ resticion—B border The doctor had a complete 1 disinterest ‘© tm {or is patients feo B dismissal 2 @ beneical Bessel “They prepared Ae 3 wae © ofer Jac. ding the doctor unl became abel ‘held over B vated He pained a gloomy of eas a shun Rimage psu bought he cer, ‘A epecuani” "Bearing "(emu Wen you pack. In mind thatthe wearer could bear 8 hoe “Tho footbal stadium was urinated by ‘A speignisB sarchights We made an agreement A whereas Frank ha a ite He would ony A move © ash 3 ‘alowing unusual colacon of ld oy crs. @esomevnat 6 far ‘0 volence# roves @ reson c tal 2 Flin the correct word in the appropriate orm. x assorted, matching 1 The twins wore dressed in....athing, clothes. 2 twas a(n and lawyers, 2 har shoes and handbag arn't MateNh..., she refuses to go ou. assorted rete... group ears 4 He bought her a box of ‘chocolales to cheer her Up. 8 oppress, suppress 1 For many yeas, the people had been 2088884. By those in power, andthe time had come for thom to fight back 2 The dark and gloomy weather. RPC. ‘me, making me feel anxious and uncomfortable. 3 Tho infomation was ..SUePeS8e4. by the government 44 The schoolboy could not. SUPRFEE.. a ‘igale and his teacher gave him an angry look 52 © negligence You look tad. Why don't you goto that new heath arm? 'm sure you's find it © proftable ‘heir leave, believing the meeting to be over. © put oft © drawing that | would get a pay ise and be able to afford the instalments © retain no one would use the computer for more than two hours. © whereby D toner os. © ® disregard | valle Oiuwe ty nacessary. 0 ase © busraton ining tun eo, estimating D reserve wants © foodighs D supposing D greatly eps D attempt ‘She spent years in Aca... 088d... tho behaviour of goias. He actualy thought nobody would ithe went out wearing odd socks. Few motorists actualy seem to be the aw la ate, observing ‘We both attended the same lecture yesterday, but he didnt nate... me. ‘You should eat loss fat to therisk | of heart disease — 2 After he was made homeles, he was .."educed, to begging on ine sveets, 3. The amount of help she needed ...e9ened.... as she beoame more independent ‘ The waemh ofthe sun ARE... as ha day J se a{8 Choose the correct preposition / partic. 1 Ite could all ive a fe re of for tonsion, how much healthier we would be 2 In some jobs, employees feel under in ‘constant pressure to impress the boss. ‘2 Studies have shown that too much stress is. detrimental fr | o our heath 4 There isa lower inidence for /f heat clisease in most Mediterranean counties, and this can be atibuted ont cet. 5 It seems that our atte for / 9 Ife can make 2 diference to tour heath 42 Match th expressions with mind with their detinilons. 1 spring to mind 2 cast one's mind back have a (good) mind to do sth 4 know one’s own ming 55 put one's mind to sth 6. speak one's mind Intend to do sth ovote energy and effort to sth ‘come into one’s mind say openly what one thinks about sth be sure of one's opinions; not be easily intuenced think back to atime in the past Fillin the correct expression trom above. 1m not aad to... 8880K mL mind, leven i | know | might upset someone. 2 1 89RD BARK... can remember ‘hat fist Christmas we spent in Switzerland. 3. She NS Net own mind. and srt easily persuaded to change her point of vow. 4 yo on PHLOHE MIL. rm sure you ‘can find @ solution tothe problem, 5 Ho said he ....bd amin... report the children to the police for trespassing on his property, but he never actually dd it {6 What the fst thing that... seins o.min. when you think of hi? 5. Flin the correct prepostion/ particle to complete the phrasal verbs with put. [own trough out up aside 11 get a tax rom the airport — I wouldn't want Yyouto put yoursl...2U.... on my account. Tinconvenince 2 Wo agreed to put... 8... our cferences, atleast over Christmas. (lorget] {3 The receptionist sald she would put me hrouMh. to te manager. {éonnect none eal! 4 His poor exam resuits can be put... down to his ack of intrest in the subject. Ietibuted to} 6 Fil inthe correct ver in the appropriate form. 7, ey, thumb 1 When Iran out of petal inthe mide of nowhere, pad no choice butt . MUM... aif tothe nee a iy and gett by tacdg Bye hal aro’ ta)” 2 The rebel troops ...#7MEM.. the wilagers who joined them with guns. five weapons fo) 3 Te reporter ..MOWEM.. is way trough the ‘row to reach the fim star. {push using the elbows) 4 4 My boss invited me out for lunch and then expected me tn. f20.. the ill [bay] ‘5 When | introduced my fancé to Melanie, she 04... im thoughttly for awhile, as if trying to decide whether or not she tked him, {ook at cael) 7 Fillin the correct noun. eri shop, week, load, ie | 1 His workshop... Was fl of tools and olé Beoes of machinery, rom or buldng where sb foes rate, makes ving, ote] 2 was finding it hard to deal wth the increased workload 80 decided It was time to take a few day ofthe amount of work to be ‘done by an indhcual or an organieaton) 3 Amore flexible working .. 89... would be \wolcomed by everyone at the compe "number of hours mes worked during te week) 4 He began his working... water {ed ead up gu ache op errr. ‘Pond a0 is nic ty roe) '5 A foreigner can't get a job here without a work {an ott document that allows Vu to wei &foregm countyPart 4 Reading & Use of English For question 1-8, read the text below and decide which anne (A, 8, Cor) best seach ga. MANANA ‘The Spanish word ‘mafana’ (1)... means tomorrow’, but has made ts way into English as @ way of saying “not today’; n other words, putting of what could be done now unt some (2). the in the future. Mie used to characterise the relaxed Mediterranean attude 10 wotk, seen in a negative (8)... by eatain workahoios from northem Europe. ‘The climate has much todo with this atttude; nthe (4)... of summer, through the long afternoons itis unwise to do anything, and the saying ‘Only mac dogs and Englishmen go out inthe midday sun’ a (6). response to any accusations of idleness, There could, however, be @ more decisive one. The low occurence of heart sease in Meciterranean counties has generally been (6) .. down to dist, and specially to the large quantities of olve ol fresh fuit and vegetables (7)... in these counties. tis not out ofthe 8). , though, that the more easy-going atitude to life and work also contbuts, while the sirass of fe inthe more work liven north serves to shorten the average lifespan of inhabitants there, 1 @ttowty —_—_—B specitcaly ¢ especialy exactly 2 @indotinte —B inexact —C inte unstable. 3A view Biom — ©tight D shape 4 peak B depins © midpoint ©) height 5 Dar B mid © ust define . 7 8 Awemes — @aut © gone brought e 1A constricted 8 conspiea ©consumed _D constained = ‘A possibilty —B idea © tacts © question For questions 1-8, read the text below and think ofthe word which best fis each space. Use only one word in each a A Meeting of Minds Diogenes of Sinope is probably the most famous of the Cynics, a group of philosophers (1) ..M®. rejected the material tings of ciilsation and favoured a return to a simpler, more natural fe. He stucled in ‘Aons 2)... Antsthenes (hein tum a pupil of Socrates) and was @ common sight inthe city, where he ved inthe streets and 2). f8586... in rough clothing. He is ranowned forthe contempt in which he held ‘he scholars and arts ofthe time; he could not understand how they could spand thar Ives in intensive study ‘ofthe ulfering of Odysseus while ignoring the suffering of thet (@....2MP.... everyday exstence. His fame was so widespread that Alexander the Great (5)... paid him a visit while they were both in Corinth. The young king asked him if there was (8) ...aM... favour Alexander could grant him. Diogenes was lying on the ground, Alexander stancing over him eyeing him thoughtuly. ‘You can step out of my sunlight was the only reply. Alexandr was (7) .€9... Impressed bythe philosopher's seltessurance and Independence that he excaimed, | were not Alexander, | should keto be Diogenes. ‘The proot of the pudding is in the eating, as they say, and it seems Diogenes got something right (©)... D890... the cittcul eh led, he lived to the ripe old age of eighty-nine, dying in 828 BC, tho samme year asthe young Alexander.Part 5 Correct English Usage ‘A WORD USAGE Tick the three words/phrases which can be used with the word in colour. 4 fine 2 toot 3 grab Lov Sand Lon Of the mountain Lov bt to eat 200... meaning 86h Lane a place Loon old of Berets HMB a dog’... 2. Looms opportunity Lon OF hoon patrol 88... contol of sth 4 escape 5 express 6 tal cu UY fo iret fon t0 988 the problom fo death fone rattuds hopes... f0. rede. axes oneal through music fon PISBEADIY oon 808 atontion te words Monon one's duty IN OTHER WORDS 4 Seeing him in such a sorry state she took pty on him and gave him some money. 2 When she lst her father, weal fl sorry for her. 2 was always taught to be compassionate towards those less fortunate than mysett | 4. saly fet sympathy forthe young man; she knew wat it was Ike to be homeless. 1 Due to the global economic criss, many people are now badly off and at risk of losing thee jobs and, consequent, ther homes. 2 The charity aims to lp the needy people ofthe cy 3 Million of people are destitute and ving on the seats. 44 The government ctten ignores the underpevlleged sections of society. 5 My grandfather care to this country without a penny to his name. © STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES (Can you tll the ittorence? ‘a. The hall is twenty equare fet b The halls twenty fect square. [heal measures 2 by. 10 the combined, (ach, wall measures 207. 2020, ‘measurement of he wal, = 208]. feet. 2a There's a boathouse onthe river. bb There's a houseboat on the river. {Abulngbesise ra o ke for Keping 2 [Tees eatin whi neon eon the her) oat) 3a Anew headteacher wil be apponted shorty. _B_In shor, anew headteacher wil be appointed TAnen hesdessher mile emploed.yen.ecen] (in few.words | To sum up, 2 new head teacher ll be emploved | 4a by hand bby the hana ‘=.usina. ones ant ether han a mechine) [=-hold b's nan, Se.tok he hte ‘Al.tase lumeer hav. been kite by hard hand 90 rose ner.EXAM PRACTICE Part 5 ‘You re gong o read an article about the power of legends, For questions 31-36, choose the anawer (A, B,C or D) which you think ts best according to the text. The Cowboy: An American Legend ‘Along ine of covered wagons makes its way down the side ofa hil, heading towards the other end of along dusty valley figure om horseback appears onthe syne, then another and another. ‘Indians’ yells the leader, and they begin to draw the wagons into a ctl. Two men sand at ‘opposite ends ofthe main street in a town, their hands resting on the bats of their pistols. Oe has accused the ‘other of cheating at cards 0 someone must die today. A huge plain covered in cattle; men on horseback gallop to and fo, kicking up dst, guiding the herd towards a distant raload Images like the above spring to mind when we thik af the history ofthe USA; indeed, the Wild Wess portrayed as the most romantic time and place in that history, the ‘cowboy the mot alluring figure. In fm, book and comic, hoe is powerful influence - even today - onthe American, and indeed the worl, psyche. ‘The truth of the matters very diflereat, however, in terms of the real impact of the cowboy and other related phenomena on the history of Ametica. The Hollywood ‘ersion alo flies wide of the mark in terms of the tre picture fife in the West. ‘The move west began in earnest after the American Cl ‘War was won by the Union in 1865, Huge territories had been seized ffom Merico in 1847, and the defeated soldiers of the Confederate Army of the South, facing poverty and posbly starvation, headed out there to afresh stat anda new lif, Being farmers, most were seeking land, and land was freely availabe at that time, Along with the Southerners came farmers for whom the east was becoming too crowded, and exslaves for whom the South ‘was sil place where they were second-lass itzens. So the move west was dominated by small farmers, protected by the US army and by ther ow firepower, The ‘onboy was restricted f0 the enormous catle ranches in ‘Texas and New Mexico, and evidence shows that tis job vas done mostly by poor blacks an whites fom the South Yet you would be hard-pressed to find a western fim ‘featuring a black, and even the white Southerners are the ‘exception rather than the rule, Another factor tht provided great impetus for the move vest was gold. In 1849, prospectors rushed to California and then, in 1874, gold was discovered inthe Black ills of Dakots, prompting another god-ush. During this time, the govemment had been hard at work creating the transcontinental railway, inking the east and west coasts, and in 1869 ie was completed, Lacking labour to build from the west, they ha shipped thousands of Chinese over the Pacific. Not wanting them to sty, they were not allowed to bring thir wives, but many stayed anyway, So its that in Photographs of gold-rush prospectors you can see many Chinese faces, too, the large and busting Chinatown in present-day San Francisco, Ye, in ims, the Chinese are ‘conspicuous, ciel by their absence, hove al the Wild West only lasted about ity year; by ‘the turn of the century, th land had all been sited, Indian Wars were over and the tees in reservations, and the rule of aw had been established. In 1883, Bufo Bill Cody, renowned hunter and amy guide, created the Wild West Show, featuring Sioux chief, Siting Bull, and sharpshooter, Ane Oakley, and together they toured the ‘country and Europe; a sure sign tha the real thing was no Even duting these (ty years, events of far greater importance were going on elsewhere in the country American industry began to dominate the world: clectrisity was harnessed, the telephone, light bulb and ‘transformer invented; twenty-five milion new immigrants had reached the eastern shores. Yet the cowboy stands untouched, aloof ~ his courage, independence and set: reliance sila tovestone of how to live, at and be. What this shows us is something that should, perhaps, come as no surprise; that legend has a power that history and fact do not, Whats worrying, however isthe way that ' narrow viewpoint can lead to narrow legend making, Which leaves out stores that should be othe man from Chine who ends up ciggng gold from the Dakota Hills ‘man boen in Aftea who ends his days asa cowboy onthe ‘Tena plains. ‘Thete is hope, however, if we look at the case of the ‘American Indian. In early westerns, they were aims invariably portrayed as savages, attacking wagon trains ‘and farms, famous for the practice of salping theit victims. Recently, however, a more sympathetic view of these people has emerged: the understanding that great injustices were done to them, and that their way of fe and thinking is of significance and interes, In this way, we ean see the advantage of legend over history; that legend is Story, and so open t0 reinterpretation, change and ‘adaptation ina way thatthe iron facts of history ae no38 35 ‘Th fst paragraph presents {A the diferent sides of be in the Wid West © the stereaypical conceptions people have ofthe Wile West. (C scenes from three famous westems, tha cious of fe as @ cowboy. ‘The writar claims that standard images ofthe Wid West 1A ae only pat ofthe trath @ affect the way we think form a vital part of American history. are products of misleading historical matt ‘The move westwards [A was motivated by greed. 1B was caused by warn the east involved far fewer peopl than is Imagined. © came trom a desire for betterment nat do we lear about the Chinese? ® They want against the wishes ofthe US goveenment, They were unwelcome in America. They came to dominate goldmining 1D Thay founded the city of San Francisco. Whats th inpcaton of paragraph 7? 1 Tho id West was shot in ration BB ul Cody was party eeponsite forthe end of he Wid West © People botove te Wis West lasted much longer than dd The indian ibes were what made he West wi. “The example ofthe Indians inthe last paragraph is used to show @® the feisty of mytroogy B that ndans have never found justin. C thatthe stories about Inlans were entirely untrue D the eaity of istry over mythPart 6 ‘You are going to read an extrac trom: hort story about an immigrant. Soven paragraphs haye been removed from the extrac. Choose trom the paragraphs AH the one which Ws each gap (37-43, Theres one extra paragraph which you do not need to use A TIME FOR CHANGE Giovanni wondered iy, a he tossed another burger ‘onto the hotplate, exactly how many ofthese things he'd fixed since he'd opened the restaurant ten years before, Maybe half a millon. Maybe more. It wasn't that it was hard, even during the lunchtime rush — he was on automatic pilot once he got the order from Lilla, and didn't even have to think as the onions fed, as he fipped the burger, cut the bread rol toasted it and put tal together. a c He'd come a long way, after al, since landing in ‘America with no more than a fow sentences of English and a fow dolars in his pocket. Hard work, sute, stating as a dishwasher (pearl diver, they 6 ‘alld it — he iked thal), then waiter, then cook, ‘accumulating the savings he needed to go back to “Turin to marry, open a restaurant or cal, and look forward to bit of peace. fz cn “No, it was more to do with a peculiar feeing he'd been getting more and more of ate, which he was tunable to shit. A fooling that he wasn't anyone anymore, not ike when he had been growing Up in haly, not as his wife and the kid were herein ther native land. He was nether one ting nor the other, and it was making him feel more and more lke & ghost a A ‘Giovanni The burger" lt was too late, of course; the underside was black. He put ton a plate to one side ‘and added a tresh one; through years of eating the ‘ined food himself, ho'd got a taste for the Burnt ‘meat Lillian was looking at him quzcaly and he smiled confusealy, not knowing how long she'd been watching. "This is LA, Giovanni, she said. You've got to keep onthe bal” «0 4 1X seemed to him afterwards that there had been 2 ‘moment when everything completely stopped, @ silence and a cessation oven of, and that he hac fot a strange feeling of stilness and peace unlike anything he had ever fet belore. Then the earthquake struck with a roar, and te word turned to rbber. a e ‘The silos thing was that his fst thought was of the second burger, and what a shame the Mexican ‘woman hadn't got to eat i aer waiting so long. The ‘earthquake had subsided and the ar around him was {ull of paster dust, which made him cough. He dit ‘seem to be inured in any way —he moved his fingers ‘and toes cautiously to check. 2 E 'n aftershock changed that feeling Into worry. What ‘bout Stela, he thought, and Mario? The boy hadn't felt well that morning and they'd let him stay home from school so he'd be with his mother, at least But were they there? She'd said they might drop by the restaurant at some point today. They could have ben on ther way. a F So, the earthquake that everyone talked about had finally come to LA Presuming he got out of tale, he ould be an earthquake survivor, an LA veteran. ‘There'd be alot of work ahead, rebuilding the pace, Maybe it was a good opportunity to change things ‘ound a bi. Maybo ho had just let tings stay too ‘much the same for too long, and given himset oo ‘much time to thinkHe'd told no one about t, passing it off as a phase that would pass, @ kind of delayed homesickness, Anyway, he'd always been kind ‘of bored by people who taked about the problems, @ habit more common here, it seemed 10 Glovanni, than it had been back at home. But now that he really needed someone to tell him not to worry, he dnt know Row or ‘where to star. The glass at the front of the restaurant went almost straight away wih a teriic cash, and Giovanni watched the father shielcing his daughter from the thing pieces as she in tum triad to ull him under the table. The floor was hard to stand on, but Giovanni mage it over to the hotplate and tured I of then he too dived Under a table. Then the roof colapsed in ontop lof him, and there was darkness. ‘And it wasn't that it was a dull ob, particulary He had hs regulars to chat to Lilian had been ‘uth hi for five years and they were fm fends, land the street outside was @ busy one and Interesting to wate: the college ids going past, alllaughter and brightness; the cars cruising on sunny Saturdays, music blaring; the quiet rmoming street He had only been back totaly once, when his father died and that had only shown him that i he returned, he would fe! the same. Turn hac changed, Grown bigger, uglier, dlr. The reighbourhaods were gone, replaced by igh- ‘and low-rise buildings. And his fathe’s vilage, were the funeral had taken place, had been no better, many ofthe bullings having fallen into & slate of disrepair. (Cries from outside reached him in his hiding place, and the sound ofa sren. For a moment, he hoped, crazily, that they would never tind hie, and then that he'd have atleast atte time in there. tet good to bein there, alone, and he hag not been alone for along time, undisturbed, ‘And what about Lilian, and the customers? He shouted her name, but could hear no reply DDoubting that voices would carry too fa In such rubble, he took out his lightor and used i to tap fn the wooden table top above him. Listening hard, he heard some answering taps and thought, "Well, a least someone's ll ght But then he'd met Stola and suddenly Maly wasn't so important anymore. Turin began to become @ fading dream in his mind, his childhood haunts and friends fond momorios rather than yeamings. And so he'd got the place, marred the gi, put a deposit down on a car and home, They did all right; a boy of fve ‘and now anather on the way, money a Bit ight, ‘but then wnen hadn't it been? He got the second done without further mishap, ‘and went fo the end of the counter to have @ Cigarette. It was the lll ime of the afternoon, ‘and only two tables in the small restaurant were ‘occupied, one by @ man and fis teenage ‘daughter, the other by & young Mexican woman. Giovanni wondered if she fe the same way as he aiPart 7 ‘You are going to read an extract from a history book. For questions 44-53, choose from the sections AG. The sections may be chosen more than once. Massacre at Wounded Knee ‘A On December 29,1890, a battle took place in which the Sioux chief ig Foot met his death, a: cid some ‘wo hundred of his followers Big Foot and his men had been camped on the banks of Wounded Knee ‘eck since the previous day, when the US amy had intercepted them on ther way to the Pine Ridge Reservation and brought them tothe reek to setup ‘amp AL this ime, the once proud Sioux, whose Fee roaming lie had been destroyed, fund themselves living im reservations set up for them bythe US government. Relations between native American Indan tries, including the Siow, and the authorities had lng been stained, but now the Indans had been epeved of thei ight to Ive a trations fe. And fven if they had had any hope of eegining i, the Data, which they relied on for thelr exstence, no longer ested in sulfient rumbers to support te, Bina desperate attempt to return to thee days of loy, mary sloux sought sation in a new mysteism, being preached by 2 priest called Wovoka who prophesied that the dead would soon jin he thing in 2 world in which he Indians cou ein the ol way. He also claimed that ails wave of new scl would Soon cover the ert, burying the whites a= dé 0, and restoring the praieto the Inns. In order to hasten this event, which would also mean the restoration of great herds of bral othe pa, the Tans were o perform the host dance. Many ofthe ‘dancers chose wear brightly colored shirts. These were called ‘ghost shirts” and would. supposedly Drotect the wearer frm harm. Not even the bets of the US troops could penetrate them (© During the autumn of 1890, the ghost dance spread trough the Sux villages ofthe Dakota reservations Ithad the fet of retain the Indians and striking fear im the hearts ofthe whites, who realised thatthe governments attempts to subdue these people had Pot taken away any of thle ighing Spit. One |poverment agent atthe Pine Ridge Reservation was 5 frightened by this display of soldrty that he desperatly wired Ns superiors in Washington to wan them hat the Indians are dancing nthe snow andar ‘wld and crazy’ He als apple for protection and Suggested thatthe leaders be arested and confine, ‘Asa result ofthis, an oder went ou o aest Chi Siting Ball a the Standing Rock Reservation during which the chief ended up belng ke That aused Chief Big Foot to lad his followers away, but they were stoped by US solders on December 24h. The chief sat among his wars and red to tlk wit he army ofcer who had been sent toast him 8 The captured indlans ha previously been ordered by the offees to give up ther arms but Bi Foot had replied that i people had no weapons. However, the US decided that all the Indans should be searched fone by one for weapons. The US troopers actly found only two rifles, one of them belonging to 2 young Indan brave called Black Coyote. Hered this File above, shouting that it Blonged to hie and had ‘ost great del of money. What happened nest is unclear as eyewitness reports dir. Acoedng to one ‘ofthe Siow, Black Coyote was going to put down his un and at no point dil he aim at anyone, The US Soldiers, however, ported the incident leet ‘The solders started ring and the Bate of Wounded kee began. Few of the Indians had weapons, however, 50 they Rado choice but to fe. From the heights above the camp, where the US army's Hotchkiss gun - an early ind of machine gun — was stoned, fire rained down onto he indian teepees. ‘Gouds of smoke filed the i and men, women and children scrambled to save themeahes Many sought the protection of ravine next othe camp but only & few made tas most were cut down in the cross When the violence fly ended Big Foot and more than half of his people were ether dead or seriously ‘wounded. One estimate has placed the fia ttl of ead at almost three hundred. The soldiers lst ust twenty-five men and had thity-ine wounded, most of them hurt not by the Incans, but by thei own bul ‘The naan, ater l, ad ben ikenuipped to engage in bate. One young survive, Louise Weasel Bea, remembered haw the US toops shot the Indians own tke bul, deliberately targeting women and chien, The Indians who had survive were gathered together fon the Wounded Knee batted and faded in wagons. The bodies, dened any religous ceremonies, were left ing where they had fl. As the wagons ‘moved ofa blizzard struck he area and when asia pty di return the bodes ofthe indians, including that of Big Foot, had Boen frozen ino grotesque shapes. The suring Sioux were taken tothe Pe Ridge agency and let hing outside nthe bite ole as the-oniy avilable quitrs had been taken by the solders accompanying them. Evenly they were taken to a church fo shelley, where 2 banner proclalmed: PEACE ON EARTH, GOOD WILL TO MEN.In which section ae the following mentioned? ofcials being alarmed at the ghost dance ‘casualy figures forthe US army ‘discontent with the government of America the delay in burying the deceased the poston of the American soldiers necossaeg) 4 Can you give me a rough idea ofthe cost involves? Ascent, 5 fl were you, l wouldnt get involved in their arguments, {= parteipate. 6 twas along, involved witten explanation. omplcsed, deol) and ary (=beoeoen, 8 He's involved in many clfferent charts. ‘the, 9. Further reductions in orders would involve a huge numberof redundancies. (emeon. ‘You 28.70 he on person (one whe nen | wtnessed an accident invohing a motorbike He didnt mention thee previous conversation, reference Ho tad no | didnt make any reference to ‘heir previous conversation, 46 Tho test showed that the i could hear perectly wel wrong ‘The test showed that ..Mere. wes (@beoute neta wena... the it's heating, 17 What you tel me will never go beyond these four walls’ he sa, confidence "What you te me sentenee WL. ine stritest he sal 18 Asan believes he is a skilful tennis player. prides an eres hime on. ‘lat tennis, ight or wrong? Correct where necessary. 1 | want to have everthing in wating, please. 2 Please be siting! The performance is about to | begin | Plooge be. seated! on Plage tae. your sete 3 His sumame is from Anglo-Saxon origin, feof Anglo-Soron arg on engl Saxon In ‘rain 4 The fre was crackling loudly inthe fireplace. ‘5 The chilren toasted ther hands in front of the fir. dfewarmed), {6 The cost ofthe holiday worked out at £200 each, Don't wory! Hell be back before long! 2 900 be ere, agai), 18 We were glad to hear that you passed in your examination, Ou passed your examination,{Match the following Brieh words with thelr American equivalents ious a ae neon overs cree tang, soma, = D eascaee rawing pin Eee Paeib ao 1.2 In other words. Choose t correct ane Be angry Dissppesr 1 OUD BEM. [weapons / ams] 1 vanish it thi Bs En abe 2 low on6S nf [op bottom 2 lseppear without ....1962.... face (track) 8 1080 0768 BEF... mood /omper] 3. 90.0 Of 8A. ight / lew] © Match the lloms with thelr meanings. 1 She pulled a few strings for me. 2 Hoalvays pokes his nose into my business, He dooeert a's (WO ¢._| @ Gotintaly be punished 4 She was @ bit down in the mouth {| be obsessed wit sb 5 You'l be in forthe high jump, | © beunable to prove sth 6 She's got him onthe brain. | 4 be gating ot 7 He had egg on his face. fn | @ use one's infuence 8 He's abit long in the tooth. | # depressed 7 9 be too inquisitive hh teal embarrassed {Tek the word(s) which can be combined withthe word in colour. 1 delicate 3 smooth 5 told siuaton [7 skin Z (one’s arms fabrie favour | |= pleasan: one’s eos otter} 2 eggon 4 eloneh (= pressor squeeze logetter] 6 fuer [= mov ghty and quick) faperson [7 f= encourage) [one’s teath [7 fahanckerchiet | 7 [anidea’ one's fats [7 (one’s eyelashes | 7‘9 Tek the words) which can follow the word in capitals. care cate ees) Flin als), nose(s), face or cheek to complete the sentences. 11 Why do you insist on spiting .. as ay foo much ateton to small deta) 2 Look me straight inthe ...¢@ and say that again! [= ook cecty a sb o show honesty] 13 You shouldn't lok down your atothers. nese, ct. one Is superior to thers] 4 somebody nsuts you, ty to tum the oer cheek {ignore pedple who test you baaty) 5 She ad the ..9RERK... to ask f she could Drow the car a ‘Shand not be eee ee ‘end, [= make one fei very righted) 7 The children tured up the 88, their mother's lunch. (= refuse sth stand on hare aed at 8 Despite the panic al ound him, he edt tun a [= stay calm) 9 The potiian had to reign ust 0 sav T= protect one's reputation) 10 That's what call euting off your 088... 10 spite your ...0PR. ‘ou youre wil be hurt more by ding 8). ‘do eth bad fo sb when one is angry, even though | Finn the correct phrase. at cost, at any cst, cost sb doar tal costs twill cost you 1 They were determined to win the competition ‘alamycost.. [= under any creumstnces] 2 Lean lt you have this car, but itl oct you {= wil be expensive) 3. They sa the goods... 84828... in this shop. [= without making any prft on them) 4 The mistake he made inthe exam 9a hn ear. fe ob euler lt) 5 You must stop your mother finaing out alallcost [= y doing whatever is hecessan | Flin make and or have to complet the phrases. 1 conlQ.. allowances for sth 2. .ave..ake.. «contract 3 lM... a taste for sth 4 .havemake an agreement 5 on MM... AR appesrance 6 mt... a proposal 7 on BBE soe a for Bn MM ehange 9 five. a party 10 lM oo bath En How do you pronounce these words? annie state poste Joo ‘apostrophe /apeszai/ ‘Arabic /2rsbiki arena jin) Anur fos ‘Asia fev, resPart 2. Language |A_ VERBS, ADJECTIVES, NOUNS WITH PREPOSITION: ‘8 Complete the sentences wit the correct prepostion. 1 Do you realy bolove he's capable... rmurdee? | challenged my bre .uf 8 Would you say St Paut's Cathedral is Charette ne NEON WOH? 4 The bull chargod .#/ Wards the matador and the crowd cheered, 5 How much do you Charge oso this 6 Michele has been charged ih reckless diving and must appear in court next week. 7 My cightaenth bihday coincides... mi the fst day of my exams; what bad luck! Compete the sentences using the prepositions below. 5 She's very conscous Into, of tht “Tom's complaining... nan 8 $0" tooth ‘The commander said that his oops would comply... tne coasetve, ‘The only person she confided... about her problem was her bes rand For the past fiteen years, he's been confinad Po wheolhate her weight nat exactly does this soup consist... 9.2 7 Healy eating contributes... #2... a healthy body. We're converting our garage iM... @ 8 Ourtrain almost colided th... nother study oe What wit take to convince you... 9 demanded the manufacturers ote tee vis gut? compensate me... the oss of my cart cope, ae i 10 I cari cope al tis work 10 You'll be competing 29n8 WH, the wor's best athetes inthe forthcoming Games. B IDIOMS. 12 Match the ioms withthe meanings. a plece of cake sl ke hot cakes ‘carbon copy ‘onthe cards not enough room to swing a cat catch someone red-handed almost | exactly th {g6t one's attention tak about something that has been causing ansety very smal (place) ‘something that involves mystery and secrecy be bought quickly be afraid be angry, bored, frustrated catch someone doing something wrong katy K very easy L_ko9p changing one's mind catch one's eye bbe cheeses off {get something of your chest chop and change ‘losk and dagger have cod feetExplain what the idloms usd inthe sentences mean, 1 Your soni ust as stubbom as you ~he's areal chip ofthe old block, e's ft he he fer Let's ty acilerent approach. We've been going ound and round in cirees all day and sil haven't come up with a solution continuing sntnout sehleving anything, When Ist clapped eyes on hi, | couldnt believe he was your brother. 4 Jn'titime you came clean and admitted you leaked the information? confessed. '5 Were working round the clock to comple the wore 2A ours dey, {6 She's boon on cloud nine since she won the lotr. veer. hpey C PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 1 Compete the sentences wit one ofthe prepositional phrases below. by accident, by appointment, by chance by cheque, by day, by far, by force, by hand BA ME ‘student on the couree 2 itis possible to pay hota. the most ereatve by sheque... at that 8. General, things made PRE a6 ‘more expensive than machine-made goods. 4 Leropped the glass ..bu seen. cidnt {do iton purpose. 5 Thoy rosted DUM... and travelled under cover of darkness to escape detection 6 The villages wore takon Pf... asthe ‘enemy moved in 7 tewas only... BUShane... that | noticed the window was open, 8 You can see the doctor only by appointment 17 Sosing the coast was clear, the commandos. scrambled over the wall thera as.ne danger of lng, seen or cute, {8 {dont think | need a doctor: bit off colour. ust eaing ate stat 9 He passed his exam wit ying colours and is off to universiy soon, thi mack, 10 ‘Come off tI don't believe you were abducted by liens lastnight" ston hig, Now that he's got used to his now school, he's really come out of his shel Deecam. iss shy. 12 The workers sent their workmate to Coventry as he voted against te strike ‘Hopped speaking fo, Choose the correct wor. 1 Heart the posm by heart / hes for the rectal, 2. By re law ll restaurants must dsplay their prices outside, 3 We're not blood relatives; we're related by wedding / mariage, 4 They escaped by way of / means of a secret tunnel 5 Don't be so hard om him. He did it by mistake / ek 6 We traveled by land / earthD CORRECT OR INCORRECT? 8 ve no inter ve n0 inte Tk the correct sentenco()- 1 a The captain inspired enthusiasm to his men. ‘The captain inspired enthusiasm in his men. ton to waste your tine ton of wasting your time. 7 {would be in your interest to doit 7 bb Itwould be to your interest to doit cml ‘Read the book untl page tity bead the book as far as page thity. Read the book upto page tiny. / 8 You're playing wath the fre asking him a question ike that You're playing wath fire asking him a question mone 4 te wvey anomie / 3 erase aon = couocarons + Text pith, ahi. | poo ET 7 7 oe ne z 1 brush aside 2 brush off 3 brush up (on) 4 burst into 5 buy out 6 callfor 7 cash inon hon rough: £88 shonpy: len, sures Dennvou (= get) tne (= reblesone, ‘Hoo aporonnate), ln shin (= not smooth), extmen(= sowing a feo. of gertlenes) ening teu a smth, nelanbourood (= hava high rime ‘afl guess (= arent) reubesome), disregard sb / sth refuse to listen to sb; ignore sb improve sils 1 9010. place unexpectedly 2 suddenly start producing sth {@9. ames, soe, tas) buy ll of b's shares ina business, ete requ / seve take ful advantage of proft rom 4 comprehend 2 become fashionable tenet), ‘se, surface, behaviour, tie, idea, ght, skin, applause, treatm b Putte nouns inthe box withthe adjectve(s) they are commonly used with. 3g lo, nelghbourhood, wild: £99 (= lle: tor), behaviour (= 0 " 2 8 encanto ed), ne rina enorebe), dea, (= met ralca), ight (= stormy: excng, applause (= showing strona appreciate), look {sana ahtenel or mae, end (= 00, ‘atch sb out change over chase up chew over chip in ulated), quess (= compet uninformed), cause sb to make a mistake that reveals they are ing about sth ‘top one thing and start another, ‘seh ‘ry to find sth sb thats needed {ge carol consideration to 1 Intoruptto make a comment / suggestion 2 sive / add one’s share of money1 Dan's always asking her out, but she's constantly austin. him atone. 2 hear you's hoping to 4... Jenkins UL... by the end ofthe yer. i'l cost you ' small fortune! 3-1 just... hase. uP ordered lat week. those books we 4 Detectives tried to. 28h... him... by asking tricky questions. 5 On hearing the news, Helen tears. 66 Eager young journalists... 948049... the situation by intoviewing survivors minutes ater ure int, the crash 7 Wel, this certainty. $808... celebration! {8 The police ..AMFSLN.. the house and started searching fo stolen goods. 9 Give us some ime to... SM OE... your proposal and weil let you know our decision. 10 I noed to ..b¥sh.¥P (2... my computer skis. botore | start my new job. There's quite alot ve forgotten G WORDS EASILY CONFUSED Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. 1 Lake Windermere consists of eighteen kilometres of water, . by mountains and woodland. ‘8 resticted — (@) tamed 2 I needed to get away trom the ety and enjoy the (ofa cottage in the mide of nowhere. 's loneliness (8) solitude 3 Thare Is ample parking avaliable... tothe castle's souvenir shop. @ adjacent —_b adjoining 4 Time seems to have... sil here; nothing has ‘changed since | was a child a kept ® stood 2 loneliness: the sat of lacking companionship Tot: we do not usual enjoy loneliness) salt! tn site of beng alone 43 Both adjacent and aoning mean ‘next to; but only ‘ajacent ok te repostion fo. 10g. elds acolned the garden. ‘4 Compete the sentences with one ofthe phrasal verbs given on the previous page. 11 He wont listen to reason; he simply brushes, 23... all objections 42 That now syle of trousers has really ava en...; everyone's wearing them. 13. Shola had never operated that kind of machine before, but she quick... gh on 16 don. shoe... with a relevant remark 15 They... SPM... forthe petrol and food. 16 We are gradualy. Sh. 2H. rom the Imperial systom tothe metic one. NOMINAL FORMS: Fil inthe correct nominal form. brush-off, buyout, changeover] 1 The... SReNgeeRr... 0 the new curriculum created a lot of work for teachers. 2. Carl tied to speak to his boss, but she just gave him the... BEM Purout, 3 Amanagement is tcly to take place later this year. 5 Toroaly appreciate tho beauty ofthe lke, you must take he water ‘@ bon 6 Athi reso, a wide vary of be enjoyed by vitor. a spon © spring 7 Tho. Beaty a the place takes my breath aay evry ime go hee. activities can @ sheer b whole © The... om ourhota window was bretaking @ ven sconeNote the use of there inthe following structures. 1 don't want there to be ary misunderstanding, 2. He was dsappoined at there being co ite todo. 3 insist that thee be a rematch, 4 There is no ling what he't do. 5 There may come a time when people wil finally lve in peace. 6 Thore came to his mind the vilage where he was born, H DERIVATIVES |2 Complete the table below. ENRICH YOUR KNOWLEDGE 10 Once upon a time there lived a king 7 There being no one lft sere, they closed the pub. '8 There came a moment when he eased his mistake 8. There's also Mary to consider. ver ‘ajcv (+ oppose Wis) | ABawec Noun (+ opposte Hex) | Corte Noun 1 broaden 2 breed. ‘breadth / broadness, : 2 (misjeacute | ideale, iaiaing (risieaetton calculator 3 care | cael, careless, carahoe car, cayenne, cartuness | carer Flebrle | ——osiabaled/ ebony elton cebity 5 champion z tampons. ehampion 6 cheer tent. chawtess | Teetiness, heatesnes, = 7 chill | hilly chill =: ‘8 choose - choosy, choice - 3 lean tunitan enlnees leaner [10 etoua cloudy, Sloudlss cloudiness loud © Complete the sentanes with he correc form ofthe word gen 1 The bank robbery 206 ns RMA RGN srosson 2 Bring me the.......¢aleulator, and I'll work out our budget. ‘CALCULATE, 3 His ....car@lessness. cost him his life, CARE 4 Crowds of people tumed up to see the .....celebuilles..... arrive for the awards ceremony, ‘CELEBRATE. 5. Thetwo teams compated inthe. SMEARED... at ight. ‘mon 6 ‘Three c for the winner!’ shouted the fans, oneen 7 The weather tumed = last night. HILL ‘8 Mike's extremely shooer. when it comes to buying clothes. cHoose 9. The inspector eis he restaurant forthe ack of... ANE... nthe itchen cum 10 The Seeman. ‘sky that moming promised good weather, cov‘© Fillinthe correct word each tine, 1 (Geis, erah06g, ie {8 Lepent most of my ...£laheed..... in a ite vilage near the sea, BH nr MIE... Bahavlout can be extremely annoying 2 (Goilet colesve,eolecton,colector) R86 nn GOMBEING... decisin to hiro now staf. He will never be poor as his work is much sought after by nS MMestO ‘3 Gonbine, combined, combination) ‘8 These orphans ae looked after by combine... eflots of two local charities This painting i a fantat...gembinae.... of reds, greens and purple «+ Gonea, comedy, comecian) ‘8 Have you seen the latest... gOMeW..... sates on TV? When he made his announcement, hee expression was almost +s (Commerciale, commercial, commercialism, commerce) ‘8 Christmas In many western counties has become too... Sammercilse.... and lost is true meaning. bb The Harry Potter films were a huge ...SOmmersil.... success, ommend youre really... 22MM... to helping the earthquake survivors, start collecting money. Work ...SOmmiments.. forced him to uproot his family forthe the time 7 (Gemmuneale, unjeemmunicative, communieation,communlster) ' Though he's not the mos... MUNA... person | know, iis possible o coax the information ‘out of him f you vy. bb Being a good ....geRMUNCaO....., we sent Jane to intervene In the ciscussion 18 (Compete, (un)competitive, competitiveness, competitor Ay Her. SMReHWERE... can be quite ating a tines 3 est has to win at every game she plays. The company is no longer doing as wel as its other... maarPart 3 Vocabulary Practice {Choose the correct answer. 1 fas taken... when I heard the news "about ide Copan @avack 2 coud tt at. tat Sve and Kate haere. ‘Aglmpse B Bink ance wink 3 had decided that a win inte local elactons ‘woul provide a. 0 success. ‘@soringdoard tuning point Emlestone highway 4 Ae canciates were good, but Emma had the wn over the hers A biade ‘edge € point Dat That new museum ie well woth... you have time Ba viet 8 being seen Co vat D the sont 6 Nobody could deny thatthe athete was in top 7 Sato @rorm Crane D technique Flin the correct word 7. It ls ahard and... rule that to ave @ suocessul caroor in this industy requires great dedication, A suit Brad as D speedy 8 fm... tomy boss anno ane oie @accourtabe B dependable prvieged ——D controled 9 She loves roading 1 book. he aay has er. in nose B eyes C face D brow 10 She cant be interested in the course, hat ‘she never does any work. 2 viewing 2ing nating D judging 11. How exact did you set... renovating a house ofthis size? A up Bio about Dout 12 His work is going tobe... atthe National Gallery next month, ‘Ain vow B on sight Cin appearance (on show aL hw Shes @ kind and ...MUMBM.... woman, who always puts others ts. humane 2 Nobody should be deprived of her .uman, rights. 3. Inamore AMMAN... society than ours, nobody would be lving on the streets 4 Whatever safety precautions are taken, thore is always the sk of..PMMEM... ero | _audlnce, onlookers, viewers, spectators 1 Forty thousand BBE... are expected to tur up atthe stacium to watch the match 2 Asmall crowd of... 00H... had gathered ‘around the scene ofthe accident. 3 Its estimated that twenty milion... Mower, ‘med on their television sat to watch the programme. 4 The... 2udlene.... clearly thought the comedian’s Jokes were in bad taste, © [_eroment anusanon irae] fone, alone, lonely 1 Our... 2n}@MM@Nf of he show was spolled by ‘the people sting in ont of us, who wouldn't stop talking. 2 Thay god a smal band to play forthe ofthe dinner quests. 3 What king of .nferiainment young people in this area? 4 Much to our ..2musement 's avaliable to our maths teacher tipped and dropped te test panes on the for. 4 Thad never ft so 2208 JO. bore. 2 Ihave ved... 0%... for about twelve years AIO) nna hip could be Seen far out to 4 Hors was a(n)... !0%0H... childhood with no ftiands to keep her company and parents who Wore absent mast ofthe time© Complete tho sentnces with the correct form of the word given. 1 There has long been a feoing of... MY... Between the two men. pew 2 Ihwas hoped that a .,eeeneiation.. could be brought about econcus 3 The on MY... Between the two families has ld to bloodshed on many occasions. va. 4 Finding themsetves in ...Mosle..terory, they crew ther weapons and went on with caution. Wostury 5 The cw war was short but ...20, 000 {6 The town ha been captured BY nn £2B8 ns FOOPS. EBELUON 7 The county was being torn apart by religious ...ate. ase 1 was considered an act of ...BAU3Y... and, as Such, could not go unpunished. cemay 8 oo fUQ8... smashed shop windows and vandalised pubic property ot 40 The... 22eURON... of our county lasted ity years. oveury 4 Fillo the correct propostion / partl. «Flin the correct verb inthe appropriate form 1 He wouldn't make a good doctor; he faints Tesi. coher vee 2... the sight of blood. [on seeing] 2 You must not le sight... whats really important to you, (ferget] 3 Als tet slght, i looked Ike a decent place to spend the night, butt turned out to be ‘awl. when st seen} 1 We are all hoping peace can be restored 2. The worker who was unfary cismissed has ‘row been .£taed 3. Tho stolen goods were ./2e2¥e4. by the police and 181". to ther ight owner. 440 you think the death penalty should be 4 The soldier was ordered to shoot. 2. rebated 7 sight. [s soon ass 50s seen] 5 Ive never spoken to him, but! know him Py. ight. [recognise sb when you se0 them) Choose the correct preposition / particle {Flin the correct noun to complete the idioms. 1 She tok great pride at orces, chane 2 | pride mye on / for being @ conscientious é Gyan her work the join we should be able to water solve the problem 8 Arent you proud of at your daughter's {work together to achiev sth) ‘achievements? 2 You've realy been nthe. !4%.. haven't 4 The trophy he won takes pide in / of place on You? How dd you ct your ned ike ta? apne. 3 She asa fighting. 2222. of winning the 5 Ate taking the watch in| 10 pleces, he had no match and shouldn't ose hear. Idea how to putt back together. [i good chance of doing sth an efor is made) 4 They're fighting a losing tl. against those flames; nothing can save the trees now. {ty without succes fo achieve et) {5 The police ar staring to place together / about exacty what happened on the days preceding the crime. 7 Ineary went to for places when | heard ‘about the accident. ge ote 8 Personally, | don't care whether or not he reaches the summit ~ | just want him to come home om / In ne piecePart 4 Reading & Use of English 2 You are going to read a short article about two vilags, two sentences of which have been removed. Read the text and decide which gaps (1-4) the sentences have been removed from. The two villages had stood opposte one another, in sight and within shouting distance, as far back as records went, but the mighty ver that divided them Created a chasm between the inhabitants that stance ‘alone never would have, There was a logend that once, when the river was nt so wld, & footbridge had inked the two; in the poorer vilage, the story enced wit the sesh vllagers on the ther ‘bank destroying It rather than share thelr wealth in icher village, they blamed the destruction on the spenathet nature of thar neighbours, who they said ha taken io pieces for frewood one cald winter ‘There was, in fact, no way to cross the river for many miles, nti t approached the sea and broacened, vwnere a large ferry shuttled back and fort all day long.) But even here there was iti need for contact. towns stood on the coast in both ‘rections and any Wading the vilagers needed to do could be done without straying to the ether bank of the river. Indeed, many villagers took great pride in the fact that never in theives had they st foot upon the side ofthe river dwelt upon by ther enemies, A Youths with too m gathering att fighting broke out Now answer the following questions wine inside them were fond of worse at right to hurl stones and insults at ther counterparts across the rer. B It was during one of these yearly displays that real 1 What does the legend described in paragraph 1 ilustrate? 'A the misunderstanding that began the feud B the fering tradtions of the two vilages © the depth ofthe problem between the vilages D the reason for the economic imealance between the wo vllages 2 What do we lean about the two vilages in relation to one another? ‘A The richer vilage is further upstram The poocer village was founded fist. ©) The richer vilage overlooks the poorer one The poorer vilage i closer tothe coast, The people of the richer vilage were known as Nontbankers, the poorer, Soutnsiders, though the preferred and more derogatory terms were CCaangers and Muchoppers respectively (derived ffom the sight ciference in level between the "wo villages). @)onov4... The annual climax to all his foolishness was the carnival, when an enormous battle would take place, involving hundreds and hundreds of frewoxks, which woul fy across the sky In volleys of four, te, six or more, in brillant colours, te land amongst, and often on, the houses opposte. (@).....B.... From what information can be found ut it seems that a Southsider, sick and tired of the Usual dominance of the fireworks of the NNorthbankers, fred the frst shot in what became known as the Carnival War. Being shotgun peli, they did no greater harm than break the Northbank ‘mayor's window, But soon there were men lined up fon Bath sides of the river exchanging gunfire ® ‘Though no one was hur, the governor was fo%684 to send in troops to take away weapons trom both sides and restore peacePart 5 Correct English Usage | WORD USAGE Tick he three words/phrases which canbe used with the word in colour. 1 Jala 2 Interest 2 ut nn the OMY lacs Of on false... one's voloe fo a queue going . conser, fn one's eyes fo ands with Lon 00 aban 208. sb by telephone Be in the PUBIC fon 8 else's ideas 4 Interior 5 harsh 6 head nee orator Lone Witar talk through one's... fo walls fo ert Sonn OFT te th no OF COUNTY Bolan vole fon ofthe family inne" Landon Give a. fa. bargain fone, walter IN OTHER WORDS | 1 Let aisappointed 2t the lack of suspense. | 2 The sera! turned out to bea letdown as the plot was unconvincing His performance in the movie filed to come up to my expectations. 44 Tomy disappointment, the show was not as entertaining as 'd expected ittobe, 11 Negotiations between NASA and the European Space Agency appear to be moving inthe right direction. 2. The establishment ofa research base on the moon would alow us to sdvanee in many fields {Engineers are making headway inrepaicing the bridge after the storm. ‘4 Mesical researchers have made great strides over te last century © STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES ‘Can you tell the aiterence? ‘ta You ought to get over Itsoon. = You feller soon having experianced 2 ‘saneoiniment bereavement, 2a from experience (indcates tha source of one's knoe A205" from sxpeionc a. cheap product never asts.00g 3 In peace unditurbed - He went fo the country, whore he coud live inpaace. ‘Leave me in peace! the ‘angry mother ai tote nosy chile) 442 He has been very much inthe nows lately [Hashes been much writen about in the newspapers nd: menoned nthe Tra ate You ought to get it over with soon [ou must do what you nave fo do quicty, oven if itis unpleasant) by xperiens [Inaeates the method of leering - The bos way {fo gain knowledge sf ean by expvience,) b stpeace [Te f0tin cont ot at war. dead ~The two counties area peace now. She es ne more brobiome now; she's at peace | bb He has been onthe nows alt lately [Meltessppnares on te TV news 3 lo ay, i efrs nh TV news programmes) |EXAM PRACTICE Part 1 For questions 1-5, read the text below and decide which answer (A,B, © of D) best fs each gap. FESTIVAL “The road as far as the (1)... could see was thronged with people, all). towards the town from the () villages where they ved. ll cried packages or baskets with food and dink; the festival lasted three days, and {few could afford to pay for food all that ime. Some drew carts behind them wih products ofall kinds, edible or ‘therwise, hoping to make a (@) .. during this annual explosion of galety. The music had already begun, had probably started as they prepared to leave ther vilages. twas avery curious phenomencn, the music, Because ‘he people with drums managed to (6)... ime wth one another, yet asthe groupe passed by, you could hear iferent melodies being played on the whistles, pipes and guitars the people carried, and diferent songs being ‘sung. Some people had (8)... Begun drinking already, and they sang louder than the others, and sightly out (Fs When the town came into view through the trees, a huge cheer (8)... and was echoed futher and further down the line by people who could not even see through the town yet, but simply fet lke cheering. 1 Asa — @eye © vow vision 2 A meandering B leading — ©)heasing —_—D drecing 3A outer @®ouwying radiating —_D_ skirting 4 A murder — @iitng = massacre slaughter 5 A sty Brenan — folow keep 6 A perpetually 8 purposely relatively) evidenity 7 A tone B harmony © tune D melody 8 @wertup Bieta santo rangin Part 2 For questions 8-16, read the text below and think of the word which best its each space. Use only one word in each space. DESERT SKIES Te Near and Middle East are predominantly dry areas, becoming desert at any dlstance away fom the {teat rivers ofthe region, the Jordan, the Euphrates and the Tigris. These aid lands were populated in ‘times past mainly by nomadic tibesmen 2) ...MH.... would crive ther goats and sheep from place to place to find them fresh pasture and water All day long, the sun is lord of this landscape; (10)... light, drains the colour from everthing, (14). Pl... teks with the mind, creating mirages (12) ...2.. he horizon of water and oases. 'At night, the enormous sky is pltch-black and studded with stas that soem close (18) ..820UH.. to touch. The desert, (14). lM... the Sea, is one of those places that fils person (18)... 1H... a ‘sense of helplessness and smalinessin the face of nature's power. tis perhaps (18)... surprise that three of the world's major religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, emerged from the Near and Midate Eastern peoples.Part 3 For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals a the end of some oft ‘word that fis inthe space inthe same ine BEYOND REPAIR? Ifa damage to a customer's car is more than itis actually wort, I is declared a write-off; the inurance company wil not repair it, but vill pay the customer the market value instead. Often ‘enough, some time later, the custome wil recognise a(n) (17) ....QM6@MM.... vehicle as the COME bases, commando commandos, eisie > elses, elton > ttera, erratum» erata, hypothesis» hypotheses, medium - media, case = oases, phenomenon phenomena rade radi, stimuis > til, ferminus = termint " oy 6 Grammar - Transformations - Advanced Language Points “These words take a plural verb, Note the meaning: arms (= weapons), belongings (one's propery), damages (= compensation), ‘earnings, oods (= merchandise), lodgings (= shertierm residence), outskirts (= the Out 2703s or lms), promises (= propery occupied by 4 business), saving, spits (= alcoho), stars, surroundings (= erronment Do not use a /an before uncountable nouns: ‘accommodation (aso: accommodations in Am. arch, asistance, behaviour, chaos, dama ‘equipment, evidence, exctement, rut fun, help, knowledge, luck, permislon, progress propagande, research, seaside, shopping, toast, vac, ‘weather, work (= jb) br: What a shame! What apy! ‘A knowledge of Spanish s essential The nouns physes, mathematics (maths), ‘aymnactes iliards alhetes and poles take 2 singular verb. ‘Mathematics is her least favour subject vr: states + plural verb Some collective nouns can be flowed by ether a singular ora plural vero: amy, eudlence, board ‘lass, crew, commitee, community, company, ‘crowd, enemy, family, government, Jury, majorly, minority, orehesta, publ, staff, team, etc. Tho team is quite 6g ‘The team ar al ery The purl of compound nouns ere formed as fallow: ‘noun / adjective + noun (We ad plural fending tothe last noun] ‘computer sereen computer sereens noun + Indaw [ive add to the noun) fatheriviaw > tahoreriaw sur: n the possessive case iy fatherinsaw’s house fin tho countryside, {© noun + adverb [We add -s tothe noun), passer-by » passers-by 4 If there is no noun, then we add o the ent ‘ofthe word, ‘grownup grownups ‘The meanings ofthe folowing nouns change wth the alton of 5:three hundrede people, two dozene eggs eur: hundreds of people, dozens of eggs 2 the 19908 or: the 1990's 8. abar of chocolate | soap a bal of string / wool, a bed of roses, a bunch of grapes / flowers / keys, a ean of Cola, a tn of sardines / rut, a carton of mik, a chan of restaurants / shops / events, a limp of sugar ‘Coal, @ flock of sheep / bids, a grain of sand / co, a herd of cons / cle plece of chalk /cake/ paper bread, a packet of sugar rice, a pit of lager, a eehool of fah / whales, a sheet of paper / glass, a slee Cf bread cake. swarm of bees (fies nsec, a tbe of toothpaste ointment / cream fa stk hatred / ove + of: 2 love of musi eee elas Sas: i} » ranks alt. Youve been a great help 1 TT ey, | a work of atthe works of Shakespeare ‘Jesus Jesus’ Jesus's parables ™ works can mean factory when combined with | 2 a end otam's an adjective: a gas works / two chemical works 2 ena, 4 my atharnten's ca 5 the Prince of Wales sports oa 6 Some wellknown shops, hotels, restaurants, et: call themselves bythe possessive form and some ‘top te apostropne. Claridge’, Harods, Slirdges PRACTICE 8 Choose the correct answer. 1 en shame that he's leaving 8 toriblo b theterrble —_@)atermble 2. Thay wore atiacked by a... of bees. ) swarm schoo! © hod 3 The investigators haven't made .... rg let (©) much © many 4 She gave me... leave eaty '@ apermission —b tha permission (@) permis 5 bought... slssors yesterday 2 this b) these © this pair 5 A deafening... of thunder drowned out thelr words @ clap fash ‘© bolt Choose the correct answer. 41 Thare were about wo hundted hundreds 5 Your new jeans was / were expensive. patie ane 6 Your hypothesis / hypotheses is riciculous. 7 Many species Is 8 The statistics was / wee enlightening. 2 My/lawyer sad | should demand damage / 2 NOW facing extinction, domages, 2 58. The police havent / hasnt arved yet 9 No mews ig are good news. 44 There wasnt / werent much furature in the room, 10 What beaut besutiful weatne1B 1 MANY, MUCH, (A) FEW, (A) LITTLE, etc. 2 SOME, ANY 3 NO ONE, NONE, NOTHING 1 Many, Much, (A ow, (A) te, A great desl (0, lot of), Plenty (of) 1 many, (a) few, are used with countable nouns, ‘whereas much, (2) ite, a great deal of ae used ‘with uncounsadle nouns: at of, plenty of can be Used wih both countable and uncountable nouns 22 many, much ara used mainly ia negative and interrogate sentences; alt Tos (of) a grat deal (0), plenty (of) are used in affirmative ‘sentences, 3a few /a te havea postive meaning (= enough) 2 Some, Any 1 Some expresses limited number or amount: any expresses an unlimited number or amount, ‘yeu have some questions, please ask me. (a count) It you have any questions, please ask me. (© an unit rumber) 3 No one, None, Nothing 1 Noone + singular verb No one has wren fo me yt No one can be the answer to Who .. Who siiched off the computer” ‘No one. 2 None of . + singular or plural vero [used for tree or more people, things or groups] "None ofthe fax machines is ae working toby. tut Fortwo people | things we use nelther. Neither oft two Brothers i are coming ee PRACTICE 1 Choose the correct answer to complet the dalogue Sometimes both ate possible ‘Man: While some of these holidays appear to bbe good value for money, (1) other ches do not. Does this hate offer (2) ‘many ) much facilities? Travel agent: Well, o be honest, they hardly provide (@) anything / nothing to the guess. Also, ‘the staf don't ter (8) some / any help. (OK, so can you suggest (5) somewhere / anywhere oie? Travel agent: We do have (6) plenty of / few nice- looking alternatives To my mind, none of the hotels (7) is / Fe appealing, Travel agent: Please sir, (8) nothing / anything is os 'bad as you seam to think Most of these establishments have & (9) great deal / ‘much to offer ‘Sorry, but unfortunatly (10) ne one / none fof them takes my fancy. Goodbye fou / litle have a negative meaning (= not enough) ‘and can be considered formal English. We usually ‘ay very fw | very "have it mney et receive vary few Chrismas cards this year. | ‘on6 too many ‘She bought fhe stamps, which was ane foo ‘many. (= one extra ~ she needed on fu) 2 any is usod with nogatve words such as seldom, rarely, hardly, nover, without, et. You have ard drank anying tonight [nso unk harelyanyting. {3 Note the structure: Some .. others | some ‘Some doctors are sympathetic and others | some ‘areal. [Nor Other doctors are sympathave) None can be the answer to ‘How much many. "How many ins of dog food i you buy?" ‘None. 3. Nothing canbe the answer to What. ” ‘What ala you get for your birthday? Nothing. None of . of: Not one of. | [Not one of None of the alte fale the crug fost. Wor: No-one.) b Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 az the two restaurants panicularty nie, ‘@® Neier B None 2 Iwas annoyed that... neo hom thanked me not Bro ‘3 He's seldom got....... good to say about his eather ‘8 nothing —@ anything 4 We catred fr wo hundred and ty quests — Ay 100 ‘* much ®many 5 tdi... mre sauce, please A lite @aitie 6 notte ators had any alent @ None B Noone 7 She only had... quai a it i take ong. ‘few ‘®atow Thar’... Skea svim inthe 96a on a hot day @ nothing 'B none.SIMILAR MEANING IN ANOTHER WAY Study these exami, 4 Nothing can stop them now. ‘There Isnt anything that ean stop them now. ‘There Is nothing to stop ther now. 2 There was (vor) litle we could do for her. ‘There wasnt much we could do for hex. {3 Not much evidence of murder was found by the policeman. ‘The polceman found very Hite evidence of muzder. 4 Theres litle chocolat in the cupboard ‘There Isnt much chocolate in the cupboard 5 Very fow people watched the boat race. ‘The boat race wasn' watched by many people. {6 There aren't many seats lft onthe coach. “There are few / ae ony a few seats lat on tho coach PRACTICE 11 We derithave much moto go sghisosing in Ahons. ‘ile We ave voy te tne to 90 sightseeing in Athens 2 Ittumed out that none ofthe guides could speak French wal tetumed out that ....292ne of he guides, ‘could speak French wel “They haven't got much furniture intel new office tow “They have only got. 22m eleees of frnture Iinthetr new office, ‘She had al her jewellery insured by Loyd, She ad nn ttre er onary, insured by Loyd 5 | don't know much about fenshui, m atl. far lie kona Ano eo feng shui, tm ata. 6 The two cases were hardly connected. tle There 135 (verte connection, ‘between the two cases, 7 The doctor remarked that my progress was amazing hat ‘The doctor remarked on whet amazing proaress | made, ‘The Tourist Board advised us on where to stay gave ‘The Tourist Board fon where to stay. pve usa, 7 We have got lite time to wast, ‘We do not have much time to waste. '8 Tere is more sugar inthe cake than is necessary. ‘There is too much sugar inthe cake 8 Tho mikis so cold that the cat won't drink ‘The mikis (much to cold forthe ca to drink. 10 Wel, not all my tionds came to my pat. ‘Well, some of my frends did nt come to my party. 11. My mother was feoing ill and ate almost ‘nothing yesterday My mother hardly ate anything / at hardly anything yesterday Because she was Teen il 42 Actually, all of them were ate. ‘Actually, none of them was / were on tine ‘Actually, not one of them was on time. ‘Complete the second sentence so that thas a similar meaning fo the first using the word given. Do not change the ‘word given, You must use between three and elght words. 9 To cut that cardboard, use scissors that are very sharp. pair ‘To cut carsboar, you need 2.88 Ye shar PAI S880 10 The seas so cod! can't swim in it such ‘The sea. ts ueh 0. cld forme... 0 swim in 11 Is tis the only way to roach the cy centre? ‘ther Fant there sa. 80 80M@ ther way to. r9h, the city centre? 42 Lonly just managed to hide my mother’s present before she came in, time [Blas hardy had enough ime fo nde my mothe's present betore she came in 18 He only picked at his food ths evening. haraly He wan ae arathing| ate hardy amin, this evening, 14 How likely i it shot pass the exam? chances What the exam? 18 The problem is so complicated that it wil take ‘more than one person to soe i for ‘The problem i 00 complicated or (us | only) ne.ergen solve. 16 Nothing can be done for her now. to Thee ar.her chances of passing ‘enething tebe dore._ or ner now.Extra Transformations Complete the second sentence o that ithasa similar meaning tothe frst, using the word given Do not change the ‘word given. You must use between three and elgh words. 1 He is more ofan acquaintance than a fend Hee ‘an acquaintance, ol go.ueh aon a8, 2 We flly inten to help Joanne to succeed. every We RAVE sno Qt@e tention of eling Joanne to succeed, 8 Ihave disagreed with her decisions only once in ry i, against (Only once in my ite her decisions ave! gone aging. siames must be totaly crazy ihe thinks I'l agree io such a pla. rind James must bout of hl min if thinks agree to sucha plan, 5 Mary was surprised to hear her sister sing, t came 2 a suprice fo Mary, te hear her sister sing, 6 My fathor was late; it must have been because of the weather. probability My fathor was ate... al probability (was) because of he weather ‘Te accused was sentenced to a yea in prison. jalea The ayear accused was ae fr 8 She cid’ think of checking under the bed. fi lent occur fo her fo check under the bed Arguing al right won't help. Point vud8n@.en ln arauing 0 2 “ 6 w 8 | don't relly care where we go tonight. make then Q89N1 make any diference tome hare we go tonight. | don't fel ke going out tonight. bothered , cart be bothered to 90 ging cut tonight ‘The fist ime I met her, |i ke her. take t taketh the fist time I met he. ‘The way you reacted to her question was ‘completely over the tp. proportion Your reaction #8 ou of alas completely out of rapetion ©. er question, 1m sure you'l enjoy Morocco, bound You Morocco ar. bound 9. ‘Being wealthy puts her ina better postion than the rest of us, advantage Being wealthy ....Me8 Ne an advantage over, the rest of us, This doesn't concern you, s0 stay out oft business YoU shoud nn MR. YOUE own busines + this dosent concern you Irthey weren't alvays working against each other, they'd do alt better ‘postion ‘they weren't avays working... gppestionf, sachtter.... ted doa lot beter. Try to slow down on the bends. reduce | Tyto rues, you eed. con the bends.Advanced Language Points 4 Flin hecoret words to frm compounds Sie, master, ond] 1A... tight (ght ath sido of te fant ack of 2 vehicle) 2 nf. 40 sucdn alo ath ocks down a slope or: very age, ‘fen unexpected success man elton) 3 J... lady (=. woman trom whom ane ens house / fat oom ete.) 4 aster. place = the bast work by an ats, wnt, te.) 5 master. mind (person whe pais and argansos sth complicated) 6 bed... si 7H, mark («an easy recognise object ulin by which people ‘cn ell her ston oan important event in one ie) > Punctuate the following. That that is, is; that that is not, is not; is that not ite = That 0. fal, whic (= exits, (= ent that (ga Tac) which snot (= dower’ ex), Ts not (been exe) Te tat not i (= an that comect)? © Flin the correct preposition. ‘As soon a8 she turned in his rection, sho smiled (1). 8. i. Then, a8 sho looked away, he smiled (2) 1... himsol. Wall, fortune ts smiing (8) 90... m0 ‘okay,’ thought. {ot otune is aning on me = Sreriing fs going wel ioeme 4. Say what the following iiomatie expressions mean, 1 for ettect [=n ero eraw atenton or iress) He wore a red carnation in his butontol er elec 2 inctect [> effectively: noc) In tec, we ha no option, with effect tom L=Peain opel be val rom Thor sai ow slaves mould be increased wih, ‘fect rom dune. 4 to ths / that ffect [= hth tht gener! meaning) He called me on let or words fois | hat eloc, 5 to no efect (= unsuesessfuly We od her, but. eet 6 tothe efecto [= approximately, He pad something fo the effect of 285,000 fo he howe, Flin the correct adective from the box. vi, oy, rai deci | seciene, fragrant ‘mel! plant odour) {roy problem (= not easy to solve) 1 2 3 4. 8mblaueNe... statement (= unctear in meaning) 5 6 ll nn Cour (= right) eno) cap [fan [lack maa] tack | Pp up [fun [luck mud ruck co ‘et [baa] bat ist [bug] but1 headway .G. 2 headstant —.D.._ | various types of ead coverings (aps, hats, helmets, 3 headgear A | ® (ovng) with the res ofthe body folowing the head 4 headstone .£,. | © Progress 5 headstrong, | © anni advantage in a race or competion 6 headtiet 8. | E Memorial stone a the top of end ofa grave which has the person's name on it &. eee F determined to do what one wants in spite of al advice to 8 headrest tH the contrary {6 natrow plece of material worn around the forehead / head) usu. wile playing spor) Hype of small cushion which supports sb's head (@g ona dentists char, aca sect, et.) Find words that are pronounced the same way as the words given but spelt ferent. (eee ‘Ho just sat hare watching me caring the our {ec — eee ‘utcases andl int even it) he. 2 chute BP ne 6 made nA 3 ght HOM 7 QUI an ime am a en ber 4 ha (tet ter hop hh Tiekthe tems which can follow the word incaptals. | Flin the correct verb inthe appropiate form. Tce, eye, nos, tnger, head, foot FT SMD nn AE. nn RS Way nto the harbour mere slowly and caretuly if a narow lace) 22 With behaviour ike that, she's...eaang {or touble, ‘one's tongue ¥ 3 the | Ts key t happen) ee 3 Tracy... fasted... the sik fabric. i toa th ones fingers WMO ne POM, te Blast right? Bey) ‘one's excitement 5 Wstime you ...ARUeHe.... down to some an opinion / hard work. Begin fo work hard} someone responsible. / 6 The policoman 8H... the group of teenagers suspiciously. tradition Peserstine)Flin the correct word 1 ry your hands before plugging inthe TV or you'l iby electric shoot} 2. Jim always manages to eae... himse rom alficut situations. tones oe escape) 3 don' really ike the Ht... the fom, T= the qualy of ight produced) 4 The building had bean sketched in. MN... tal ([Perect metuious) 5 Atlash of... fash of sec aug thunderstorm) 5 You might have had the 7 Tha ralway systom has been... ete. ‘nvertd 302 to be powered by electcty 8 Sho made a sigh. HA ‘Dow’ mode by woe) sour ‘Complete the sentence by choosing the correct ending (Crmsure ts 0 ‘heard it right om ‘firsthand (our 1 heard tet hand. (ier om fet han) hand to mouth 29, Mey tv from hand to mouth [=n poverty? ‘© mouth to mouth [_] [= artificial respiration} 4 tho norse's mouth [7] reliale source of {he engin source) inteat, courtesy, lightning, electocute,extrica It up the shy for miles around to reply to my letter. fas the Queen entoced cute, lighting electri ‘etecut....yoursl, How do you pronounce these words? asthma. sma athelet ert! atmosphere emosig avalanche fev Balkans stk Boethoven /beitioran beguiling venti ERR Note the use ofthe preposition on. 1 His father bought @ book on marine ite 2 Mary wil be onthe door and George on the counter. 3 Most cars run on petrol, but some on cesel. 4 You can't work all day on just a cup of coffee anda slice of bread, “They are bath on the commitee/ board / jury 6m paying 8% interest on the money I borowed 7 London ison the Thames, The vilage is on Lake Windermere. 8 The dinks are on mo! {Sho caught her dress ona thom nail 10 She has her own page on Facobook:Part 2 Language Development VERBS, ADJECTIVES, NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS. 8 Complete the sentences with one ofthe prepositions, Choose the correct preposition. He's actually descended by | from aristocracy. 2 It was obvious from a young age that she was estined for / to fame. 3. These chemicals ave destructive to (atthe ‘environment 11 During the nits, a great deal of damage was 07 fPau te Shop. 2 The elephants one of many species in danger 0 Mh coe etinetion. 4 Recent development n/t medicine mean that fom 3 The manuscripts date. f..the 13h an opaaton ent ays necessary for eave contr. ‘complaints, 4 He was deaf...!2.... all arguments. 5 The dog’s devotion to / about its master was My aunt is deaf 0... one ear, amazing. 6 Th EE contre _ 6 have leu tin exerassing myieas prof i year 7 My parents dleapprove ot or my pierced 7 There has recently been a decrease... ee ‘the number of students enrolling on this course. 8 | was discouraged from / by becoming a nurse by my parents who wanted me to enter the 8 Kren dete he 200%... or pares. bayer She thes detht.. simple things. 9 What’ the alt way to spose witha txt 10. They've been deprived ....9f..... the home waste? como hat hay accustomed 10. bueto on bad weather, the pane was dled atthe drop of a hat 2s drunk as a lord 6 stop working (esp. to go on strike) H exactly what one needs 1 deteriorate J eesiy K depressed 1 you can change the way @ person behaves 2 tows a 1 just what the doctor ordered = GUEENBLAND 2 your cach Sr oe WEEE 3. down in the dumps A B drink a lot of alcohol 4 down tools: 2 C very drunk jown under A 5 dow ud oon you aes Simian roe seni } uate tens 5 ; 10 as dry as a bone 11 dull as dtchwater 12 tke a duck to water'b Compete the sentences with one ofthe isoms below. 1 What a waste of time! A whole year's work ‘down te dan ‘n.doop water 2 Youll bo ‘caught cheating 3 Tetn/’s not realy upset they're just sree ‘es. tyoure 44s thity miles by road, but only twenty 28 ‘roles onthe tt 5 The coach loaves at 7.30 80 be punctual ‘ror ers, by hook or by erook, get racking, asthe erw fe, nthe dark] deat a8 post, in deep wate, onthe do, at ho double, down the drain Bet nnn BH Sreka be fnished by midday. 7 |know its going to be hard to raise the money, but wel do .2 099K Byer 8 Dont worry, she's... AB OH 8.2L... 80 you can play the music as loud as you want this work must 8 {havent got a clue what's going on. Im Completely. the 10. Get upstairs to bed atthe double © PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 1 Complete the sentences with one ofthe prepositional prases below. ‘by enesel by nature, by pos, by profession, by sight, by surrs 1 The decision to get matted took us all laurie. 2. When traveling ..PL2MeEe. Ris wise to be caret 3 know her... BUSI... but she dosen't know who | am ata. {4 The person who installed our air-conditioning is acualy a lanyer..Y-prefesion 5 Colin, ...PLA@IU...., a generous man 6 | Gidnt send the documents... DLP | used a courer. D CORRECT OR INCORRECT? Tk the coroet sentence. 12 He had a great success with his new fm, bb His new flm was a great success. 7 ‘This schoo! is two miles from where Ive. 'b The school is two miles away rom where Live. Its ten years since I last saw hee. ¥ bit ten years ago since | ast saw her, ‘Silence is gold’ he sald b ‘Silence is golden, he said. Flin by oor to complete the prepositional phrase. 1 only know him BY... ame; wo've never actualy met 2 | waited ff... ages but she n't turn up. 3 Bln. the ond f the holiday, they were tanned and relaxed, £2. moment, | thought you were your brother. 5 ..£2%. alll know, he might not have seen you. 6 The travellers stopped by the spring to rest ‘wile 7 Why don't you have your hair ut short, ‘change? 8 Dan spent the entire morning ofthe road, tying to thumb a it Py. the side Ina wook’s time, wo're going to Spain. / After a week, wate going to Spain, ‘can you recommend me a good remedy for Insomnia? ¢ Can you suggest me a good remedy for ‘insomnia? ‘You must try very hard if you want to reach your aims. 'b You must try very hard ifyou want 1o achieve yur aims. 7E COLLOCATIONS 8 Tick the appropriate boxes. of mind otteeling | of gravy strength force Z 7 ower Nee: the strength ore ofan agument = ay, We say the power ofthe mind (Not the power of mind) Put the nouns in the box with the acjectve() / verbs they are commonly used with ‘oad, conscience, majority, record, water, instructions, ok, head, profit, one's teeth, a debt loan: 1284(= re. of abby lear 00d {= ee of trate), conseiene (ope: guilty, anselenee (ope: guy, record (= having no ernie! ofencet, imaonty (= definite maior, water (= not et, ster (= Wansparen, [ee (=.net obscene or efensive, lnsructions (= easy olen, one's eet (= rush. ead (= able fo tink qulek, prof =, net prot, debt (= repay F PHRASAL VERBS 1 chuck out force to leave; throw out 7 come along improve (n ath) 2 clash with ot look good with (i 8 come at attack (of colous eo 9 come back 1 become fashionable 8 clean sb /sth out take away al money / ‘once more possessions / stock 2 retum to memory 4 clear up setts by means of 10 come by acquire, obtain ‘explanation / discussion " 11 como down be reduced 5 cose in ‘become shorter here 12 come down on sb citcse / scold 12 come down with catch (on infectious 6 close in on approach and surround radualy and quietly 14 come downto be a qusstion of‘+ Complete the following sentences with the correc form ofthe phrasal verbs given on the previous page. 1 The Robsons’ youngest boy has been hee Mh... of four schools ‘What it a... down fo, rmaney. Frank was ‘onthe stock markt. Alter trying for hours to remember what had happened, it sudden... 8.8, tome. |s.amater of leaned outa... all his money ‘As the police slated to... 19889, ‘the hous, th criminals escaped through the back door. Hows your aunt... mina lon, the operation? Did you ever think you'd see wide trousers some back in fashion? When the days star... 0H. lke to stay in and readin the evenings. How did YOU 880 DL. ha record? | thought they'd stopped producing it ater WORDS EASILY CONFUSED Choose the correct word ocomplae the sentence. 1 Tho Bish are qute use to seeing acrobats and actors... ne sees 8 conducting @)perorming 2 The word i thought tobe. orn Mido ish derived 2 Rls wihin the... of possbity that we wil soon ‘un out of foi ful ‘@ bounds boundaries 4 Ris always wort... tha ere ae people in the world loss fortunate than you ‘A recaling -(@) remembering B deduced 2 whi te Bounds psa: 9st reson ‘ening hs possine “igor know o bound. (= ns) sound out 40 Towards the end ofthe strwbery season, prices... 20m down, | think Suze i..geming dwn th twas a simple misunderstanding that could have bean «$2820 UP..... vory easly You alin have to... game down on, so hard; wasnt his fault ‘That ocange te realy your redshirt. col, him lashes with The mah oon 6@MR A, ‘as soon as | opened the door. me witha knife 'b- NOMINAL FORMS: Flin the corect nominal form. Bf i — ‘fom bank manager to sieet-cleaner! 2 The beret is making a... gamebaek. this season, 5 Athough the pecormers were amateur in one the show was very impressive @ sense meaning Norary vets our village once a week k porabie @) mobile 7 Paying for her hospital treatment was @ wonder... of knee, action @act {8 The tom conte as realy been... eoent years. used fo be so run-down bu ow I's ful ote 1 converted 6A @ vanstores £8 converted: changed into these (rom one use to ‘nother "ie sf8 converts nt a bed comer power fo elecrly transformed: tered completly in appearance nature" Mariage hos vaneformed fim.‘Fil inthe correct word in the appropriate form. ‘sm mumble crate 1 you HMB. nobegy wibe ato 1. dfn mst a AH. hes dont ‘rtnd you have anther exanaton aso igh mat, 2 Her dance teacher ...mUFMUred... a few words 2 The woman was .....f#ieked.... into buying of ippon ener blre econ rovsohel ems she Gt need 3 The student ...murmured... something to the 3. The young executive was ....cheated... out of his: Proterorand as gun paren ole, proton ya oeag. 4 My brother was .../mumbling... something in 4 You... leh... mel There's nothing in this box Pi lgp bt coud mate ou what twas, taper m= pat om, oe teat toot on oy eg ad ‘mt xs npr fmt smd a eet ‘the mouth closed) making one’s words ‘rin Savantage (esp. n'a game) ining iets decoe bm Oo etd short raat H DERIVATIVES Note: cheat sb out of sth; trick sb into doing sth 2 Comite he alba. Vert Adjective (+ opposite if exists) ‘Abstract Noun I Concrete Noun {conse | unconpise, nkomige, | compton - 2 concent concealed concent, = 3 conclude concluding, (inleonclusive, ‘conclusion = |_ 4 (disjeonnect | _(un)(dis}connected, connective Sgoieomection - oe 6 control (unjeontroled, (ynicentroliele | ‘control ‘controller Tearact | conection. Seon, ores : ont se cos - ent countess niu coun cour 10 cae crate esion ces |store Now fil inthe correct form ofthe word given. 1 The information is ..!NCOMAel... we don't have all the facts and fgures yet courte 2 Innate that £28. orange julce, They say you just add water and i's as (good as the rel thing, but i's no ‘concentmare {8 Don't jump to ..e2ncluslons frst impressions can be misleading ‘couewse 4 The police say thatthe two crimes are. WMEaNnECtEd. In other words, they have nothing to do with each other. comect '5 Ourlast pay rise has made ain) S2negerble.dierance, We can aford to go out once a week, coNSDER 6 The airtratic ..gontollers... are on stike again. cove 7 My teacher made a number of ..€27#6H0N8.. 9 my work conor 8 That W820. nn. Wedding reception. My father was sweating when he handed over the cheque. nl 8 There wor... 22UMHBES... obstacles to overcome, but we managed to achieve our aim. cour 10 What's that awful... she's wearing? Surely she doosn’ think I's fashionable, oneare© Filin the correct word each time, 1 (Geawenfonce,(rjeonvenience, injconverient '@ Notwishing to .AE9ReMene®.. tem she made her speech vory bre 'b Would it be more ..S@menen... if slept in the ving room? 2 ‘a He refused to allow her bitter words to darken, ‘his mood. bP Briness.... fell and the temperature dropped. Ral iela, seafenna... sound come from the kitchen and everyone ran to sve what had happened. Despite his... Anes... he aways managed to communicate with those around him ‘8 Looks can be BL WOU put my fal ust in im ya bb They wore accused of obtaining the paintings by ...deeeation ‘5 (Geide,Gnpdecsive, (unjdecied, decision 12 Fr til. ANGPeHM... about which university to apply or. Since the outcome ofthe elections was INV... ne people wil be called tothe pol again. © Geepen dee, cen) What's th amu... 68. of 8 ver? Ashe picked up speed is breathing began to... #88 17 @etend, defensive, defence, defendant 1 The... defendo... pleaded gully tothe cme, Asis atacker came towards him, he grabbed a hammer in sf... deenee 8 Gory, (anjdeiable, denial ‘John i stil in... about his alcohol addiction, Her vast knawedge ofthe subject i... undeniable ENRICH YOUR KNOWLEDGE Note the use of eo inthe following sentences. 1. Ashe in trouble now‘ they say." snot 90 much that | don't want to help you, | “There were twenty people or so, just haven't gt the ime. They were so very helpful ‘She wasnt so much impatient as anxious. epeatet venenatis “Today's society scares me So wrote a ten-year ld chi. ‘They ae frightened: so much s0 they refuse to gto the police, 2 3 ‘ 5EE Part 3 Vocabulary Practice |) a. Choose the correct answer. 1 The organisation is. Mla, but has ofloes al over the wo ‘A slalones”(@) based established" B founded 2 itwould have been a beter book it had not been. of humour lacking @) devoid waning D-deflent 3 We had such a... sched for our tip o Paris that we cise al te sighs. A pressed B cramped (©)tight. D squeezed 4 court com to your pat a the dat... wih my hoa @eksned 8 etuck C'oppoced—”D occured 5 She decided to study ata local clogs... saving her prensa tof money ‘A soas, B whereby © astor ©)thereby 6 Tere ia fatase shop. in computer software nes my house. 'A bargaining B promoting (C)aeaing D splaying 7 toca quick. athe patent, the doctor aranged for im to be acted to hospi ance" B stare Come D gimpse {Noting coud makeup. he unimaginative plot of tet, th Bier eto > by 9 Sha st. break he reord and was tld when she managed it 1 of about ow Dw 10 Few experiences can equa... of walking inthe Himalayas. ae B such Ona D this Filin the coreet word. A anous, eager {entrance entry] 1 Lam very....AMH0¥8.... about the forthcoming 1. You find the ...AMUBME®.... tothe restaurant exams. in a side treet. 2 We are amtows eager. to get the work frished 2-1 was denied... nto the lub because {a quickly as possible wasn'ta member. 3 uf... to ploase, as aways, he asked 3... FOIY._. to the art galley i re, the could do any shopping for me 4 Fag... faces were pressed up against the shop window as people waited for the department store to open onthe frst day ofthe sales, 4 Did you have to pay an... MANE... fe? | humiity, moisture, damp a 1 The decorators are making such slow 1 Then. AM@.... had got into the walls and roars... doubt they'l ever rsh, the wallpaper had started to peel of. 2. Nobody should talk while the exam Is in 2. Early in the moming, lowers are covered in a Progress, layer of ...MOI... called dew. 3 Thearmy/s....8dae..... on enemy postions 3. The... RUMI... in the mosphere is relatively was unexpected low today. 4 What do you think is the most important 4 When we got ofthe plane, the frst thing that a0y9Ne®..in medicine inthe last contury? stuck us was the heat and... AU,Flin the correct preposition / parce 1 Don't take his comments too much 19. haart He dosen't mean tobe ert {be to afcted by) ‘She can be moody at imes, but her hearts J. the right place. [be kind and generous espe not having the perfect charactor] He poured his heart. 2. to me yesterday and told me how he really ft about the breakup. [ols your most prvatefelings} My heart was... my mouth as | walked into the classroom and eat down to take the exam. [Be inghtoned or enous about st) tried to help him come up with some ideas for his school project, but my heart wasn. and | wasn't much help. [have ite enthusiasm forsty Itis@ subject which s close 12... my heart as nave ha some personal experiance oft. [sth you are particu interested n and which ‘you conader important), Fil in deadly o deathly. 1 When they realised sho was... dead serous about cropping out of colego, her parents decided not o try and dissuade her. ‘When he fished speaking, a... sence filed the room, On heating the bad news, she tured death | feat |... pale He has been charged wih assault with a deadly... weapon and is to appear in court het week. ‘The two business partners ended up as eed... enemies ater they dissolved ‘thelr business, choose the correct preposition / particle “The lake is approximately ton foot at In depth, ‘These jeliyish have been found atin depths cof approximately one kilometre under the soa. Well need to study the article for /n some. depth, ma careful swimmer and make sure | never 190 out rom / of my depth. (choose the correct word. 1 The head teacher came to allay our fears | phobias about the new exam procedure, The poice caught the young hooligans ang put an end to their eign of far / oro. ‘My parents had instilled a phobia fear of {allure into me. Hor fear / phobia about open spaces means she never goes out She got th fit fear of her fe when he burst nto the room. “The sudden explosion struck fight / terror into my heart People in war-torn areas lve in fright fear of losing thet ves, “The deer took terror feght a the sound of cunt. Fil inthe correct adjective. 41 In some counties, ie is ite more than a 2neee82__ struggle to ind food. (without end) 2 He's been to ..g2umes, that. many) “Tho ...timless.. beauty of her designs is ‘hat makes them so popula, Teelgood ste a wif never Be changed] ‘Some people seem to think that an energy supa is. lis, Tmerhausii; that cant be used up} times not to do Filin the correct form of the word in capitals 1 On his.tandering.., ne met many strange people and sampled food from allover the word wanoen Hewas a susrel2ome, boy, who always seemed tobe volved in an argument. ura. She looked ..S2OWf.. at day, but claimed that nothing had upset her. Its a small. silent... consisting of about ‘wo hundred houses. seme. Her powers of... 224WaNes... wil be tested ‘nen he runs the marathon tomorrow, ENDUREPart 4 Reading & Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A,B, C oF D) best fis each gap Fear of Sharks When Jane (1)... in 1975, t caused a sensation that has not cten been matched since, People (2). to see the giant shark and fel the terror it (2)... int the heats of bathers, curlers and ieguards alike ‘The power of fear has been used to great (4)... by flm-makers, most notably nthe of this kind and the low-budget psycho movies especialy popular inthe eighties. The nineties saw a new type of horror; femiar figure (babysit, tenant, et.) that)... fo be a manipulative lunatic. ‘Those fms, though, do tn to take our deepest fears that already (6)... and simply put them under a (7) it may well be that bringing them out into the (8)... @ healthy thing rather than otherwise, brought out @)came out © came about brought about herded «8 packed ©)flocked =D awarmed rang B banged flashed ruck Detect consequence B purpose resuit onde up @ turns out persict Iicroscope B telescope rmagniying glass D D makes out D takes up D . D g c rect = @evist © insist c c pen B ar outside space For questions 1, read the text below and think ofthe word which bes fis each space. Use only one word in each space Dracula Count Dracula the vampire (1)... a... left Transyvania for England and never looked back, has seen his popularity remain high inthe years since Bram Stoker published Dracula in 1697, Stoker party based his character (2) a bloodthirsty Vlad the Impaler, a fteenth-century Romanian king who was notorious (8) fo his cruelty, He also researched the legends of vampires in Slavic folklore, [A vampire was undead; unable to rest in its grave, it would rise at night to go on its wanderings, Searching far and (4) nM. f0F@ victim to satisty its ceaseless bloodlust. Vampires feared few things just garic, crosses, daylight and running water - and would ive forever () M8... pierced through the heart with a wooden stake 1821 saw the first Dracula fim, Nosferatu, made in Germany, and Holywood (8)... /OWE.... suitin 1851, ‘Anew craught of ifebiood was givan to him withthe emergence of colour in the 1850s, allowing fans to se6 the red blood in contrast (7) anil... the white of the Count’ teth and the Black of his cloak. The craze shows no sign of abating. In 1992, Coppota directed a big budget version, and there have bean numerous others singe. I seems that ne matte (@ eM n-nn Many tes you Kl this Quy, he is going to ke9p coming back!Part 5 Correct English Usage 'h WORD USAGE Tick he three words/phrases which canbe used with the word in colour. 1 chance 2 claim 3. condtions pure 4, ts the throne Sandards... of ving jump at he td wars z Ives ving Z a fighting z ae ‘job icy/ stormy 1 golden... Rerun, 4 land meet the 4 change 5 comprehensive 6 course ‘a welcome 4 ful marks 8 4 faction Brn forthe beter a y study the 2 ofhistory a weather échange inthe weather 3 z ed accaky ai, Bernnnnnknnnnns MBBS MOED — Areata ngurANCe Polley a race ¢ 8 IN OTHER WORDS r EON 4+ The beach is actually @ good way / a g00d dlstane from the main road 2 We stayod ina smal hotel inthe mide of nowhere, 3. The museum Is alti out of the way, but i's certainly worth vist 44 The car broke down miles from anywhere 1 The whole area has been placed in jeopardy by the nuclear power plant 2 Does living near landill mean your health is at risk? ‘3 The ead fac is that he tino isn danger of becoming extinct, 4 More and moce sea creatures are under threat than ever befor. = © STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES Can you tel he alference? ‘a The students who had protested wore suspended. b ‘Qn te students who hae protested were suspended 24 We have hear nothing rom our cousins in America. b for months. (tr causing Americ haven’ elton tus, hone us for months | She's sure to be awarded the scholarship > itis cert hat se wl awarded the, scholrship | 44a There was no way for him to avo her. > nthe speakers opinion, te prsan could net sol he ‘The students, who had protested, were suspended TAllthe students were suspended Because they, had poiested We have heard nothing of our cousins in America for months Te No-one (emily ends) hes mentioned ake. bout our cousine in America for months). ‘he's sure shel be awarded th scholarship. [elie speaker’ plone person could not, sd her ‘There was, fo him, no way of avolding her. [rte personaly lhe speaker coud aod her]100 EXAM PRACTICE Part 5 ‘Yu are going to read an article about the saltwater crocodile. For questions 31-36, choose th answer (A,B, C oD) which you think ts best according tothe text. Conserving the Saltwater Croc It is hard to understand at first glance what would possess a tourist to visit the beaches of Australia so full are they of poisonous and similarly deadly animals ts Sub-topical waters may appear to be a paradise, but are home to, among other creatures, the most poisonous octopus in the world (the Bi ringed octopus, which caries enough venom to ten adults), the most deadly jellyfish (the Australi sea wasp, responsible for at least seventy deaths ‘through the twentieth century), and the most venomous fish (the stone fish, whieh has the added danger of being so well disguised that bathers often step on it by accident; death follows shorlly if an antidote tothe poison isnot available). ‘The coastal waters of Austalia are also favourite Ihunting grounds for some of the largest and most aggressive sharks; swimmers have been attacked by tiger sharks, hammerheads and the biggest of them all the great white itself. However, there is another animal comparable in size and prehistoric age to the {great white, that ives in much close proximity andi, Perhaps, more ofa risk than the shark wil ever be Te saltwater crocodile can be found throughout South-East Asia, from India tothe Solomon Islands in the Pacific, but it is in the swampy mouths of northern Australian rivers that it i at ils most ‘numerous, for though it has been responsible for over twenty-seven deaths since 1876, naturalists have managed to create a spirit of conservation in the human population that shares this coastline withthe ‘The largest ever recorded was a titanic 28 feet 4 inches, nose total, and they average at about 17 fet, 8s compared to the great whites average 14-15 feet Despite their name, they are equally at home in fesh water, but are capable of travelling great distances across the ocean, and about a quarter ofthe many ‘small slands around the Great Barrier Reef (some ‘ty miles out to sea) are home to these reptiles. ‘They are not particularly ative hunters, their cold blood meaning much of thee day must be speat ia statuesque immobility, basking in the sun on the ‘banks and sandbars ofthe rivers, Their main weapons are surprise and a bite capable of crushing skulls ‘They must be doing somethin right, though: they are ‘one ofthe oldest species on earth, having changed very ite in snty-ive million years Yet three decades ago, their numbers in Australia had reached an all-time low of about three thousand. This ‘nad much to do withthe activity of hunters, who killed ‘hundreds of thousands of the animals inthe postwar period, mainly for their skins (Ihe official figure is 270,000, but it is likely that lively black market ‘existed at that time 100, for those wishing to avoid the taxman). Ron and Kiys Pawlowski were record- breaking hunters; they were responsible forthe deaths ‘of 10,000 crocosies etween them (Ron was the one who shot the monster dserbed above). There are areas where the animal is a protected species, but crocodiles move around freely, especially single males in mating season, and tend to stray into areas inhabited by humans thisis often where attacks take place, Also, encroaching on a dominant male's territory during this time could invite attack, as a simmer o even a boat could be mistaken fora rival. ‘The novel approach to conservation introduced by Australian naturalists hs tended to focus on the place losest to many people's hears: their pockets. By emphasising the extra tourism such a creature can encourage, they have turned the crocodiles from a nuisance and a danger into an asset. Additionally, they constantly trap any animals that stray into the area that separates swamp from suburb, and allow an ‘annual cull of limited umbers for commercial exploitation and to keep populations manageable. The results speak for themselves; there are now approximately eighy thousand crocodiles ia northern ‘Australia, anda semi-harmonious relationship exists between them and the locals, Croc allacks, like those of sharks, tend to dominate the headlines, but this has more to do with the sensational nature of such stories than any frequency. Like most dangerous sides of nature, the situations in ‘which animal attacks occur can be avoided with little care. The blue-ringed octopus bites only when bothered or picked up; shark mets on Australian ‘beaches stop the beasts coming into the shallows; ‘most poisonous ereatures would rather fle than use theit deadliest weapon. And the saltwater crocodile, ‘when left alone, i far less of a danger to humane than, to take afew wellavora examples, automobiles, sunburn and smoking,Wats he tone of parage @ sensational ® warning © eaing toatl Which of he below ier of satwatereccodis? A They prefer isolated spots. They regulary evel ong stances © Trey es native testes D They pose no eal danger to huans. ‘The fact that crocs have change in sby-fvemiion years proves @ they are welt ote envronment B their passivity is misteading © ther superriy over ther species. D they ae reliant on tho power of to bite Which ofthe below spi of Astaan natural’ essage abou coca? 1 People canal hunt eocodles re. 8 woul be a share Ferocodes became extn. roca ar ot 2 mun a danger misao tts economia acvarageoue rhe crocodlesosuvve Wats imped about the modi? 1 Thoy re response forthe improved image of cocoon. © Tey are terested inte sock vata of toe. They makeup stories about xocodes. They wrongly compare sharks and cocods “Tho final paragraph tolls us that [A dangerous animals can always be avoided. 'B these animals only soem dangerous, these animals only attack in defence. © animals ar less deaaly than other causes of death. -Part 6 You are gong to read an article about the Marqu hich you do not need to use, |Lam called the Marquesas Islands, and Ie in the Pacile Ocean, south-east of Hawai, on the easton edge of the huge isiand group that spreads from Indonesia and Australia and sweeps across the South Pace. Yet once, long ago, before | emerged from the wale to become stands, was part of the seabed, and lay down there in the cold lightess depths for millennia, Ina ite curiosity then; | elt the crumbling ‘and shiting ofthe earth below me, but dd net wonder. a | burst into the sunshine; the light dazzled me for a Jong time, the sky confused me ~ it was lke another surface of water high above, and | thought I would Continue to rise towards it. But there I setld, there | stayed, smoke rising for me into the sky. Then cooling, | slowly came to understand my new sel, ‘what had become. Istands inthe Pacte. Seven paragraphs have been removed ftom the txt, Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fs 1h gap (27-43), Thee Is one extra paragraph AA ship appeared one day, a huge ship wit enormous sails as full and white as clouds. Men came ashore speaking a strange language ‘Spanish itis called, found out lator. Their leader was called Mendana, « hardaced wanderer with a lust for gold in his eyes. There was a clsagreemert, a quarrel, The Spanish were quick to draw their ‘weapons; blood, my people's biaod, fll on my sol a ¢ ‘One such was called Captain Cook, a tall man wih Intenso sharp eyes, who spent the days measuring ‘everything -the sun the sea, my land = and drawing ‘my shape onto a huge piece of paper that presented the ocean. My people did not argue wth the visitors anymore. They drank a magical dink the ‘rangers brought, and it made them forgot al their % F 2 @ | knew there were other island groups ike me, some bigger, some smaller, thousands stretching south ‘and west. | could sense them, somehow, at my base, ‘some connection. And | could feel, t00, that they hac something | dd not; a presence, a beating drum, a ‘consciousness less ike the birds! momentary flashes and more lke my slow, contures-grown thoughts ‘They worked from dawn to dusk, putting up shelters, hunting and fishing, and preparing my earth for planting. But the work, too, was ful of joy; everyone hhad a hand in it and every night, tough tred, they would st round a fre and sing songs about islands lik the one they had come fom. And knew that one day they would sing songe about me, and a great happiness filed me; | whispered tothe seeds, grow fast, grow strong, in my fertile sol, and bear fruit to feed my peopl. * E ‘Another stayed with ust his death. Gauguin was his ‘name, a Frenchman and a painter, and he painted ‘my people and me, mysel!~ my shapes and shades ‘and vivid colours. He was buried in my sol, and became a pat of me. 6 a Things, generally, are no longer so clear as they wore when people fst arrived. My happiness was pure then, but I was young and id not know the ‘many things | know now. This may be the price of ‘age, this weariness, this sadness; sometimes | just ‘want to sink back down tothe ocean floor and settle there. But my people stil endure, and | must be ‘rong for them and endure aso,[A Then there were the explosions, gigantic shuddering jolts that reminded me of my origin. ‘The ocean trembied, the seabed quaked, fish ‘ose dead tothe surface in their thousands, o be {ed upon by huge flocks of gus. There was talk ‘of a new sickness; they sald all his was caused by something smal than the human eye could 09, but | cannot understand how. BA dot appeared one day on the horizon in the ‘west, drew closer and grew larger, and | knew my ay had finally come. | had a feeling of destiny full. twas @ group of canoes, double-nuled with sais and ful of people ~ men, women, children - and animals, tools and weapons, and seeds to plant. The people sang as they came closer and, though | could not yet understand {their language, | understood thee fy, and twas {oy for me, for my very existence. (© More came and they brought more tears. Strange linesses seized my people and they died in thelr hundreds. The leadere of the cleease-rdden vessels did not seem to care; ther eyes were faiways on the horizon, the next place on which thay would vist their sickness. D_ 1080 onthe back ofa gigantic volcanic eruption, lke the whales when they rise atthe end oftheir dive, traling huge bubbles of air. From the darknoss with a roar, past startled schools of sh, fold sharks, jelivfish and turtles, the water ‘rowing bluer and brighter. And the people fourshed and filed the islands, Unt was time for some to move on further across the endless, bountiful ocean. Two canoe hulls were once again bound together, pigs and chickens tled on board, food, seed and equipment packed. Thore wore sad farewells; they waiched where the bids flew, knowing Islands must le that way, wated forthe right wind fang current and followed them. My heart was broken, but worse was yet to come. F Iwas a group o sands; line offstands ina calm blue ocean that stretched out to every horizon. Five large, sx small, ll ike litle mountain peaks, seep and tall Fora long ime | was barren, but seeds came in the wind and landed, rains lt them take root, grow. Birds came to rest on their long migrations, turtes slept on my sands. But stil was lonely, and I id not know exacly wy. G The worst part was that none of them seemed to care for my people, want to know them. They wantad, at Best, fo change them, taling them of a Rewer god, stronger than thelr sea god. And very few seamed to love them as they were. One who dd, called Melville, stayed only a month, and ‘rote and wrote about my people, and about a huge white whale that had begun to occupy his thoughts. HI never rested, never gave up hope. if my fertle slopes could support plants and trees, then why ‘not more? | had been tothe depths ofthe ocean, hhad gazed at the horizon and the sky for Counties years. | would be patient, and they ‘would come, 1404 Part 7 You are gong to read an article about hypnosis. For question 88-53, choose from the sections A, The sections ‘may be chosen more than once. Hypnosis [A Hypnosis can be described a altering a subjec’s stale of consciousness and heightening. their responsiveness to suggestion. The most common way of inducing a tate of hypnosis is through the actions of an operator, oF hypnotist, who engages the attention ofthe subject and puts them into a tcancesike state. The hypnotist usually speaks in ‘8 monotonous tone and utters repeated verbal ‘commands. Hypnosis can also be selt-ncluded, brought on by certain relaxation techniques such a8 concentrating on one’s own breathing, or by a ‘arety of other rituals that form part of many mystical and religious systems. B While in the altered, hypnotic state, the attention of the subject is withdrawn from, though stil conscious of the outside world. Instead, a state of consciousness is assumed in which the focus Is on the sel in particular, on the subjec’s ‘mental, sensory and physiological experiences. When a hypnotist induces a trance in a subject, a close relationship inevitably develops between the two partes, especially ifthe hypnosis is being used in psychiatric treatment. © While most people can be hypnotised, the depth of the trance will vary widely. This is usually dependent on the emotional tate ofthe subject, though the skil of the hypnotist plays a roe too. Apparent, only twenty percent of subjects can ‘actually be made to enter what are known as somnambulsic states using the usual methods ‘of hypnotism. This is a profound sleep-ike trance, in which the subject is completely unaware of whats going on in the outside world, This kind of trance is necessary ifthe subjects to respond automatically to post-hypnotic suggestions and it is something that many subjects do not achieve, ply, perhaps, because of their own resistance. As far as therapy is concerned, a light trance i all that needs to be achieved. . ‘One of the benefits of hypnotism is that it can bring the subject into deeper contact with their ‘own emotional life and make-up. This can result in the litng of repression and the exposure of hidden conflicts and fears. In the hands of a skilled hypnotist, this kind of therapy can be life changing for many people. However, it also lends itself to misinterpretaion. Some of a subjec’s supposed early and, possibly, repressed memories may, in fact, be combined with fantasy the hypnotist cannot recognise this or lstinguish truth rom fiction, there isa danger of false acusations being made. At the end of the last century, the US witnessed a spate of court cases in which adults blamed their parents for ristreating them a8 children, The memeries on hich these accusations were based, however, tured out not to be tre in most cases Hypnosis can be used to weat a number of behavioural and physiological problems. For example, it can be used successfully to alleviate back pain and the pain resulting from burs. t has also been used by some obstetricians as the sole analgesic for natural childbirth. tts use in dentistry is also becoming increasingly popular, ‘more as a means of relaxing the patient than as a vay of reducing pain and discomfort, though Research done into hypnotism as a therapy for the conditions outined above has shown time and again thatthe effect of hypnosis exceeds that of other methods which use the ‘mind over matter’ approach. Few doctors, however, include hypnosis as part of their normal practice. Problems such as smoking, overeating and insomnia also seem treatable with hypnosis. Nonetheless the majority of psychiatrists sl feet that more fundamental psychiatic concitions should be treated with the patent in a normal state of consciousness.In which section are the following mentioned? cnt minty of poopa can be pat othe depes stato yoni ale hen hypothe subjects hugh are conartated on hemsaes Ble] hypnods beng mare eet han wchiquesotusing hough te contol phil engs [a8 | A ypnota' ut of vol nsucton and inna ls ronton l] BP) | the possibilty of nypnotits being unable to dsinguish between imagined scenarios as eal events the practice of people putting themsaives into tranceske slates for non-tnerapeutic purposes | 49 | A ‘cases of hypnosis not being preferred when eating mental problems mle {an indvidua’s state of mind is significant as to what stage of hypnosis can be induced wife ‘the potential for hypnosis as a treatment to access repressed memories Blo} hypnosis invariably entails strong bond between subject and operator (=[2] 105,ON 2" Grammar ‘A MODAL / AUXILIARY VERBS |: 1 Be: expressions similar to modal verbs 1 oto + infinitive 2 obligation We ae 0 nish his project by June. (= must) future arrangement The casino Is tobe inspected by the police. ‘going to be). 2 be supposed to + infntve (= should) We ae all supposed fo take something tothe ‘reception. The mew meesures are supposed to help the tnemployed. be likly to + infinitive (= probaby) Maris key to hel us. (om: tkely tat) Mary wit hop us] 2 Can/ Cant, Could / Couldnt, May / Might, 1 We use eould | may might to express possibilty about the present / future, -Jtin cou may! igh be athe ofice by now. ecg moron Inor: ean cain tomorow, ‘We don't use ean to express specific possibilty about the present o future, Sur: ean s sometimes used to talk about sth ‘which is generally 0° theoretically tue. FRoads in tis area can be slippery a this time of year. 2 We can use could may / might + pertctntitve {o express postive suppostion inthe past. ‘Ho could / may / might have forgotion about ‘our meeting. 3. We express negative supposition with: can't couldnt be + present infinitive to tak about the Present ‘She can't / couldn be that sup! can't could be + pertet itive to talk about the past ‘Sh can't / could have been thet stupid! 4 We use might / could + perfect inte to Sess meren taal eh eee butgien' You were uc you might! could have hac ‘an accident Nor: may.have Nad] 3 Must 1 must + present infitve expresses what is certain Or probable inthe present {ih afemative sentences) The must be in ho gare. Im sure he fs) Grammar - Transformations - Advanced Language Points 11BE 2CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT 3 MUST 4 SHOULD can't + present infinitive expresses what is not Certain Or probable in the present, [in negative sentences) ‘Ho cant bein the garden, (= Im sure he sit) bor: hess be ee (Sevens su: You musi’ ean park har. (= you arent allowed to park her) 2 must + pertctintintve expresses what is Certain or probable about the past. They must have enjoyed the par; they camo hme very te. cant / couldnt + peroct infinitive expresses whet |s not coftain or probable about the pas. Thoy can couldn't have done thal They re alvays so well behaved. ‘She must have boon Wing ‘She can't have boon Ming 4 Should 11 Why How shouts suprise. Why shouts wa cas im? ‘ow should ko? 2 Who should. but. is used to express surprise about sth thai happened ‘expresses annoyance or 3. should + present Inne expresses advice. Tpresent future time) You should alvays teat your str wo You should tal er now. (= You'd beter.) should + perfect infinve (= i would have been Dotter i you had.) {ast time) "You should have told her yestrcy 4 (that) + subject + should is used ater: 4 suggest, propose, recommend, Insist, demand, require. essen, mportant, necessary, strange, hata, ntresting, etc 1 suggest you should change your cet. or: you change Thay demended tale should ave at once. Tor. ho feave yas sania ha ver/one shouldbe given ‘2 opportunity fo express tet vows, (on... eveqone be given was glen .]