Table of Contents

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………i

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………ii

CHAPTER -1.................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1

1.1 Definition.................................................................................................................1

1.2 History......................................................................................................................1

1.3 Nature of operation..................................................................................................4

CHAPTER -2.................................................................................................................6

COMPONENTS OF AUTONOMOUS CAR................................................................6

2.1 ULTRASONIC SENSORS......................................................................................6

2.2 RADARS..................................................................................................................7

2.3 CAMERAS..............................................................................................................8

2.4 G.P.S. unit and cloud services..................................................................................9

2.5 Laser scanner..........................................................................................................10

2.6 Backup system.......................................................................................................11

CHAPTER -3...............................................................................................................13

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AUTONOMUS CAR...................................................13

3.1 Mapping and localization.......................................................................................13

3.2 Obstacle Avoidance...............................................................................................14

3.3 Path Planning.........................................................................................................15

3.4 The Road Ahead.....................................................................................................15

Chapter-4......................................................................................................................18

Advantages and Moral Issues.......................................................................................18

4.1 Advantage..............................................................................................................18

4.1.1 Safety...................................................................................................................18
4.1.2 Welfare................................................................................................................18

4.1.3 Traffic..................................................................................................................19

4.1.4 Lower costs and Energy and environmental impacts..........................................19

4.1.5 Parking space......................................................................................................20

4.2 Moral Issues...........................................................................................................20

CHAPTER-5................................................................................................................23

KEY PLAYERS...........................................................................................................23

5.1 INTERNATIONAL:..............................................................................................23

5.2 GOVERNAMENTS:..............................................................................................23

5.3 UNIVERSITIES AND PROFESSIONAL BODIES:............................................23

5.4 PRIVATE COMPANIES:......................................................................................24

5.5 VOLUNTARY AND HOBBYIST GROUPS:......................................................24

CHAPTER -6...............................................................................................................25

CONCLUSION............................................................................................................25

CHAPTER-7…………………………………………………………………………26

REFRENCE………………………………………………………………………….26