Virtualization Concepts

Kingston Smiler. S (kingstonsmiler@gmail.com)

 About Me

Experience
Author

• “OpenFlow CookBook”, which is one • 14+ years of Industry Experience

of the recognized study material by
ONF (Open Networking Foundation)
• Learning CoreOS
• 1 RFC & 2 IETF Drafts in MPLS and
TRILL WG
• Frequent Presenter in various
networking Forums
• Trainer of SDN, NFV and Network
Virtualization Concepts
• 6+ years of experience in SDN, NFV
and OpenFlow
• Working as a pre-sales consultant
and product manager
• Having Work Experience in all the
three commercial L2, L3 networking
stack (IPInfusion ZebOS, Aricent ISS,
MetaSwitch L2,L3 and MPLS stack)
Virtualization Concepts
 Session 1: Agenda

What is Virtualization?

Enablers & Need for Virtualization

Does Virtualization a new concept?

Virtualization in various domains

Different types of Virtualization

Server Virtualization

Hypervisors
 What is Virtualization?

Wikipedia Definition
Network
Refers to the act of creating a virtual
version of something

Something can either be hardware

platform, operating system, storage Storage
devices, compute / network resources

Typically applicable for compute, Server

storage & networking

Concept of Virtualization exists from

the very beginning of computer
technology
Does Virtualization new concept?

Storage or
Network Service
Server Memory
Virtualization Virtualization
Virtualization Virtualization
- Virtual LAN (Java Virtual
– Mainframes - Virtual
(VLAN) Machine)
Memory
 Virtualization Methodologies

Split &
Clustering Mapping
Partitioning
Server Virtualization
 Server Virtualization

Wikipedia Definition
Partitioning of physical server into
number of small virtual servers

Uses Virtualization Software and

hardware virtualization techniques

In most cases the servers are not

utilized fully which results in
inefficient usage
Why Server Virtualization

Less Resource Utilization

High Cost

Power Consumption

Server Downtime

High Infrastructure
 History of Server Virtualization
1970s 1990s 2000s

Back to
Evolution of
IBM Mainframes virtualization to
Personal
with Virtualization reduce Capex and
Computers
Opex
(1990s)
(2000s)
 IBM Mainframes

IBM CP-67 (Mid

1960s)
First Virtualized IBM Mainframe
Server

Split the computer into multiple

virtual machines

Different “tasks” can be run separately

and independently on the same
mainframe
If one virtual machine or “task” has a
problem, other virtual machines are
unaffected
 Personal Computer Evolution
• Introduction of Intel/AMD servers (x86 architecture)
• Each PC/server runs its own OS (Windows / Unix) and runs application.
• Best approach for personal computers.
• For server and IT infrastructure brings overhead while going for massive
scale.
• Typically in IT and infrastructure deployment one server runs one
application (Email Server, Application Server, DB Server etc)

File Web DNS

Server Server Server

File Web
Domain File Each Server Running
Server Server App
Server Server 1 Application
Server
Server Virtualization
Physical Server vs Virtual Server
Storage Virtualization
 What is Storage Virtualization?

Wikipedia Definition
Pooling of physical storage from
multiple storage devices to appear as
single device managed by single entity
Enables better functionality and more
advanced features in computer data
storage systems
Helps the storage administrator to
perform the tasks of backup,
archiving, and recovery more easily
Storage Virtualization can be provided
using software, hardware and
combination of both
What is Storage Virtualization?
 History of Storage Virtualization
1970s 1990s 2000s

OS takes
the individual disks
and create local Evolution of RAID
Evolution of SAN
volumes within a Arrays in 1990s
logical volume
manager (LVM)
Why Storage Virtualization?

Efficient, Flexible and

Scalable usage of storage
disks

Stable, recoverable and highly

available solution for storage
medium.

Remove hardwire connection

between storage hardware
and the processor
 Classifications of Storage Virtualization?

Storage
Virtualization

Block Level File Level

Storage Network Storage Network

Host Based Host Based
Device Based Based Device Based Based
 Block Level Vs File Level

Block Vs File Level

Block Level: storage capacity is made
available to the operating system or
the applications in the form of virtual
disks

File Level: Virtualization entity

provides virtual storage to the OS or
applications in the form of files or
directories
 Host Based Virtualization

Host Based
Virtualization provided by additional
software running (Volume Manager)
directly in the host machine
Volume Manager intercepts the I/O
request and provides metadata lookup
and I/O mapping

OS can also provide this service

Examples are LDM in Windows, LVM

in Linux and ZFS’s Z-Pool in Solaris
 Storage Device Based Virtualization

Storage Device Based

Virtualization provided in storage
devices is found within intelligent disk
subsystems

The storage systems make their

storage available to servers through
various I/O channels by means of LUN
masking and RAID
 Network Based Virtualization

Network Based
Two Models: Out-of-band and In-Band

In-band implementations uses

controller between users and
physical storage (SAN) and deliver all
storage requests and data through
that controller

Out-of-band products set up a

metadata controller on the network
that remapped storage requests to
physical locations, but didn’t deal
with the actual data
 Virtual Machine & Virtual Storage
• VM Migration

• Easily Manageable Disaster Recovery

• High Availability of both Virtual Machine and Storage

• Easy Server Upgrades

• Easy recovery of Virtual Machine Images

• Server Virtualization really calls for a virtualization in the

storage space with centralized management.
Application/Service Virtualization
 What is Service Virtualization?

Physical Server

Service Virtualization Application

Software technology that

encapsulates computer programs from Application Virtualization
the underlying operating system on
which it is executed

The application behaves at runtime Operating System

like it is directly interfacing with the
original operating system, but can be
isolated or sandboxed to varying
degrees Server Virtualization

Hardware
Why Application Virtualization?

Increased Performance

Easy Upgrades and

Installation

On Demand Delivery of
Applications

Applications need not be

installed in all server
 Server & Application Virtualization

Sandbox Sandbox

APP1 APP2 APP1 APP2

App App
Virtualization Virtualization

Operating System Operating System

Hyper Visor

Hardware
Network Virtualization
What is Network Virtualization?

32
 What is Network Virtualization?
Network Virtualization
Combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality
into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network

Process of segregating the user traffic from one group of user is getting
forwarded into the same group of user without any logical isolation of the
network infrastructure

Examples are
VLAN in layer2
MPLs L2VPN, L3VPN

Process of splitting the physical network entities like Switches, Routers,

Firewall etc into multiple logical network entities for isolating the user traffic
from different instances

Examples are
VTN using OVS
VTN using ODL etc
 Introduction

• Process of segregating the user traffic

from one group of user is getting

Definition forwarded into the same group of user

without any logical isolation of the
network infrastructure

1 • Example VLAN, VRF etc

• Process of splitting the physical network

entities like Switches, Routers, Firewall

Definition etc into multiple logical network entities

for isolating the user traffic from different
instances

2 • Example VTN
Classifications of Network Virtualization
NIC
Virtual Interface
TUN/TAP Interface
Device Level Bridge, OVS

Virtual Router

Network Slicing /
Network Level
VTN
802.1X

Network VLAN
Virtualization 802.1AD
Packet Level
L2VPN
MPLS VPN
L3VPN
VRF-lite
Interface Level
OpenFlow SIN
 In-Device Virtualization
 In-Device Network
Virtualization
 vNIC
 vBridge
 OVS
 TUN/TAP
 Packet Level Virtualization

 The packet carries

information related to a set
of user for isolation network
traffic.
 Example is VLAN, L2VPN,
L3PVN etc
 In VLAN case, the packet will
carry the VLAN tag which is
used to limit the broadcast
domain of a switch / bridge
 The traffic which is flowing
from a user from one VLAN
will not be forwarded to
other VLAN
 Interface Level Virtualization
 In this case the traffic
isolation is provided by
assigning set of ports or
interface to a particular
customer.
 The packets from these
ports will be only forwarded
to the interface which is
part of the same VRF.

 Very good example is VRF-

lite
 Network Level Virtualization
 In Network Level
Virtualization, the entire
physical network is sliced into
multiple logical networks
each assigning to a customer
/ group of customer.

 This kind of network is

termed as virtual tenant
network (VTN)

The network slices are mapped to a customer / tenant and hence termed as
VTN
Virtual Machine, Virtual Storage & Virtual Network

Service Virtualization

Server Virtualization

Network Virtualization

Storage
Virtualization
 Thank you
kingstonsmiler@gmail.com