Internal PIFA for 2.4=5 GHz WLAN fixed length of a ¼ 12 mm.

When the length of  b is shorter, the lower

applications resonant band shifts to the right. However, the higher one shifts only a
small variation. This is because the shorter the length of b, the shorter
Y.J. Cho, Y.S. Shin and S.O. Park the length of path A while retaining the constant length of path B.
However, the length of path B is constant. The length of path A
An internal planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for 2.4 GHz Bluetooth and path B has dominant roles in each associated frequency, 2.4 and
and 5 GHz WLAN applications is presented. The proposed antenna 5 GHz band, respectively. The optimised values of  a and  b are 12
has an impedance bandwidth of 110 MHz in Bluetooth band and and 16 mm. To optimise antenna performance, SEM CAD (Simulator
900 MHz near 5 GHz in WLAN band within 2:1 VSWR, and an Platform for Electromagnetic Compatibility Antenna Design and
approximately omnidirectional radiation pattern can be obtained. Dosimetry; SPEAG) is utilised for tuning each associated parameter
These features are suitable for 2.4=5 GHz WLAN applications. of the antenna structure. The optimised sizes of the antenna structure
are shown in Fig. 1. The measured results are performed with an
Introduction: Notebook computers are increasingly being equipped Agilent 8722ES network analyser.
with wireless local area networks (WLAN) for IEEE 802.11b
(2.4–2.48 GHz), 802.11a (5.15–5.35, 5.725–5.825 GHz) in the US,
and HIPERLAN=2 (5.15–5.35, 5.47–5.725 GHz) protocols in Europe
[1, 2]. PIFAs are very suitable in WLAN applications since they are
compact and easy to manufacture [3]. This letter investigates
the internal PIFA with small size of ground plane for covering
802.11a=b and HIPERLAN=2 band. It can be easily placed at the
corners of the display panel of a notebook computer [2], and is
designed to resonate at 2.4 and 5 GHz bands by adjusting the location
of the shorting pin and length of the radiation element.

Fig. 2 Simulated VSWR according to lengths of 

a and 
b
a Variations of length 
a
b Variations of length 
b

Fig. 1 Geometries and dimensions of proposed antenna

a Top view
b Side view
c Feeding and shorting locations

Antenna design and performance: Fig. 1 shows the structure of the

proposed antenna. It consists of a radiation element with a volume of
27.5
11
7 mm3 and a rectangular ground plate of 47.5
20 mm2.
The 50 O coaxial cable directly feeds to a radiation patch. For
achieving the resonant mode at 2.4 GHz band, the resonant length
marked in path A is chosen to be about 32 mm, corresponding
approximately to a quarter wavelength of 2.4 GHz, as shown in
Fig. 1. The length between the feeding and shorting point marked
in path B is about 12 mm, a quarter of the wavelength of 5.5 GHz. To
determine the dual resonant frequencies, Fig. 2 shows the variations
of VSWR values according to the different position of the short pin
and the length of the radiation element. Fig. 2a indicates each
associated VSWR graph with the three different values of  a from a
reference line (ra) to the shorting point with the fixed length of
b ¼ 16 mm. The variations of the shorting position make the length
of path A and B change, simultaneously. When the length of  a is
shorter, the lower resonant band shifts to the left and the higher one to
the right at the same time. This is because the shorter the length of a,
the longer the length of path A regarding the Bluetooth band and the
shorter the length of path B related to the WLAN band. Fig. 2b shows
the variation of VSWR in terms of three different values of
b from a reference line (rb) to the folded radiation element with a
Fig. 3 Measured and simulated results of VSWR
Results: The measured and simulated VSWR results in terms of
frequency are compared in Fig. 3. The measured impedance band-
width (VSWR  2) at the lower frequency band is about 110 MHz
from 2.38 to 2.49 GHz. As for the upper band, it is about 900 MHz
from 5.1 to 6.0 GHz. Figs. 4 and 5 show the measured and simulated
radiation patterns at 2.44 and 5.5 GHz, respectively. The radiation
patterns are approximately omnidirectional. There exists some vulner-
ability to measurement error owing to the positioning effect of the
feeding cable. Although there are slight discrepancies between the
simulated results and the measured ones, it can be seen that they show
a similar tendency. The maximum measured and simulated radiation
gains are 2.39 and 2.29 dBi at 2.44 GHz, and 3.7 and 4.03 dBi at
5.8 GHz, respectively.

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 5th January 2006 Vol. 42 No. 1

 Conclusion: A dual-band antenna with a simple structure for Bluetooth
and WLAN bands has been proposed and investigated. To cover the
dual band, the position of the shorting pin and length of the radiation
element are adjusted. The proposed antenna has relatively broader
impedance bandwidths covering the Bluetooth and WLAN bands with
approximately omnidirectional radiation patterns and high gain. These
structural and electrical properties are very attractive for dual-band
WLAN applications.

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National Research

Laboratory (NRL) of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea,
under contract No. M1-0203-0015.

# IEE 2006 19 August 2005

Electronics Letters online no: 20062998
doi: 10.1049/el:20062998
Y.J. Cho, Y.S. Shin and S.O. Park (School of Engineering, Informa-
tion and Communications University, Daejeon, Korea)
E-mail: linus11@icu.ac.kr

References
1 Teng, P.L., and Wong, K.L.: ‘Planar monopole folded into a compact
structure for very low profile multiband mobile phone antenna’, Microw.
Opt. Technol. Lett., 2002, 33, (1), pp. 22–25
2 Chen, Z.N., and Chia, Y.W.M.: ‘Impedance characteristics of trapezoidal
planar monopole antennas’, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 2000, 27, (2),
pp. 120–122
3 Ciais, P., Staraj, R., Kossiavas, G., and Luxey, C.: ‘Compact internal
multiband antenna for mobile phone and WLAN standards’, Electron.
Lett., 2004, 40, (15), pp. 920–921

Fig. 4 Measured and simulated radiation patterns at 2.44 GHz

a x-y plane; b x-z plane; c y-z plane

Fig. 5 Measured and simulated radiation patterns at 5.5 GHz

a x-y plane; b x-z plane; c y-z plane

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 5th January 2006 Vol. 42 No. 1