Homework 9 MATH2023 Homework 9 MATH2023

Exercise 15.2 Qu. 9

Qu. 5 2x 2y x2 + y 2
F= i+ j− k
z z z2
F(r) = (2xy − z 2 ) i + (2yz + x2 ) j − (2zx − y 2 ) k  
 i j k 
   
 i j k   
   ∂ ∂ ∂ 
   
 ∂ ∂ ∂  ∇ × F =  ∂x ∂y ∂z 
∇×F=   
 ∂x ∂y ∂z   2 2 
   2x 2y x +y 
 2xy − z 2 2yz + x2 y 2 − 2xz   − 
z z z2
= (2x − 2x) i − (−2z + 2z) j + (2x − 2x) k 2y 2y 2x 2x
= (− 2 + 2 ) i − (− 2 + 2 ) j + 0 k
z z z z
= 0. = 0.

∴ F is a conservative vector field in an open simply-connected region (R3 ), i.e. F = ∇φ. Therefore, F may be conservative in R3 except on the plane z = 0 where it is not defined. If
Therefore F = ∇φ, then
∂φ ∂φ 2x
= 2xy − z 2 (1) = (1)
∂x ∂x z
∂φ ∂φ 2y
= 2yz + x2 (2) = (2)
∂y ∂y z
∂φ
= y 2 − 2xz. (3) ∂φ x2 + y 2
∂z =− . (3)
∂z z2
From (1), we have
From (1), we have
φ = x2 y − xz 2 + g(y, z) x2
2 φ= + g(y, z)
φy = x + gy . z
φy = gy .
From (2), we have
From (2), we have
gy = 2yz ⇒ g(x, y) = y 2 z + f (z)
∴ φ = x2 y − xz 2 + y 2 z + f (z) 2y y2
gy = ⇒ g(x, y) = + f (z)
z z
φz = −2xz + y 2 + f ′ (z).
x2 + y 2
∴ φ= + f (z)
z
From (3), we have
x2 + y 2
φz = − + f ′ (z).
f ′ (z) = 0 ⇒ f (z) = c. (constant) z2

∴ φ(x, y, z) = x2 y − xz 2 + y 2 z + c is a scalar potential for F, F is conservative on R3 . From (3), we have

f ′ (z) = 0 ⇒ f (z) = c.
x2 + y 2
∴ φ(x, y, z) = − + c,
z

is a potential for F, and F is conservative in R3 except on the plane z = 0.

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 Homework 9 MATH2023 Homework 9 MATH2023

The equipotential surfaces have equations φ = c, i.e. Exercise 15.5

x2 + y 2 Qu. 10 One-eighth of the required area in the first octant above the triangle T with vertices (0,0,0),
=c or cz = x2 + y 2 .
z (a,0,0) and (a,a,0). And

Thus the equipotential surfaces are circular paraboloids. p

z= a2 − x2
The field lines of F satisfy x
zy = 0, zx = √
a2 − x2
dx dy dz ZZ
= =
2x/z 2y/z −(x2 + y 2 )/z 2 ∴S=8 dS
S
dx dy ZZ q
From the first equation, = , so y = Ax for an arbitrary constant A. Therefore =8 1 + (zx )2 + (zy )2 dA
x y
T
dx z dz z dz ZZ
= = a
2x −(x2 + y 2 ) −x2 (1 + A2 ) =8 √ dA
a2 − x2
T
so −(1 + A2 )x dx = 2z dz, hence Z aZ x
1
= 8a √ dy dx
1 + A2 2 B 0 0 a2 − x2
x + z2 = or x2 + y 2 + 2z 2 = B, where B is a second arbitrary constant. Z
x a
2 2 = 8a √ dx
a2 − x2
0
The field lines of F are ellipses in which the vectical planes containing the z-axis intersect the a
p 

ellipsoids x2 + y 2 + 2z 2 = B. These ellipses are orthogonal to all the equipotential surfaces of F. = −8a a2 − x2 

0

= 8a2 .
Qu. 7

1
φ(r) = 2 if F = ∇φ, then
kr − r0 k
[∇φ]i = ∂i [(rj − r0j ) · (rj − r0j )]−1
= −1[(rj − r0j )(rj − r0j )]−2 ∂i [(rj − r0j )(rj − r0j )]
1
=− [(rj − r0j )δij + (rj − r0j )δij ]
kr − r0 k4
2(ri − r0i )
=−
kr − r0 k4
r − r0
∴ F = ∇φ = −2 4.
kr − r0 k

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 Homework 9 MATH2023 Homework 9 MATH2023
p
Qu. 14 The intersection of the plane z = 1 + y and the cone z = 2(x2 + y 2 ) has projection onto the Exercise 15.6
xy-plane the elliptic disk E bounded by Qu. 1 F = x i + z j
(1 + y)2 = 2(x2 + y 2 ) The surface S of the tetrahedron has four faces :
1 + 2y + y 2 = 2x2 + 2y 2 On S1 : x = 0, n
b = − i, F · n
b=0
On S2 : y = 0, n
b = − j, F · n
b = −z, dS = dx dz
(y − 1)2
E : x2 + =1 On S3 : z = 0, n
b = − k, F · n
b=0
2
√ √ ( i + 2 j + 3 k) (x + 2z)
√ 2x 2y On S4 : x + 2y + 3z = 6, n
b= √ b= √
, F·n
Note that E has area A = π(1)( 2) and centroid (0,1) and zx = p , zy = p . 14 14
x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2
√
q 1 2 14
dS = 1 + (zx )2 + (zy )2 dA and zx = − , zy = − , dS = dAxy
3 3 3
s
2(x2 + y 2 )
= 1+ dA we have
x2 + y 2 ZZ
√ F·n
b dS = 0
= 3 dA
ZZ √ ZZ S1
∴ y dS = 3 y dA. ZZ Z 2 Z 6−3z Z 2
S E F·n
b dS = z dx dz = − (6z − 3z 2 ) dz = −4
0 0 0
S2
√
Let x = u, y = 1 + 2v, then ZZ
  F·n
b dS = 0
 ∂x ∂x   
∂(x, y)  ∂u 
∂v  =  1 √0  = √2. S3
=  ZZ ZZ
∂(u, v)  ∂y ∂y  0 2 1
  b dS = √
F·n (x + 2z) dS
∂u ∂v 14
S4 S4
√ ZZ √ ZZ √ √ √ ZZ  
∴ 3 y dA = 3 (1 + 2v) 2 dA 1 14 6 − x − 2y
=√ x + 2( ) dAxy
E D 14 3 3
S3
√ ZZ √ √ ZZ ZZ
= 3 2 dA + 2 3 v dA 1 1 4
= (4 + x − y) dAxy
D D 3 3 3
S3
√ √ Z 2πZ 1
Z 3Z 6−2y
= 6π + 2 3 r sin θ r dr dθ 1 1 4
0 0 = (4 + x − y) dx dy
√ 3 0 3 3 0
= 6π. Z 6−2y
1 3 1 4 
= [4x + x2 − xy] dy
3 0 6 3 
0
Z 3
1 10
= [30 − 20y + y 2 ] dy
3 0 3
3
1 10 
= [30y − 10y 2 + y 3 ]
3 3 
0

= 10.

∴ The flux of F out of the tetrahedron is

ZZ
F·n b dS = 0 − 4 + 0 + 10 = 6.
S

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 Homework 9 MATH2023 Homework 9 MATH2023

Qu. 6 For z = x2 − y 2 , zx = 2x, zy = −2y Qu. 15 The flux of the plane vector field F across the piecewise smooth curve C, in the direction of
q the unit normal n
b to the curve, is
∴ dS = 1 + (zx )2 + (zy )2 dAxy Z
p F·n
b ds
= 1+ 4x2 + 4y 2 dAxy . C

The flux of F = x i + y j outward across.

Also, let g(x, y, z) = z − x2 + y 2 = 0 this is a level surface in 3D.
(a) The circle x2 + y 2 = a2
b = ∇g = (−2x, 2y, 1)
∴n which is upward and
Let g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 = a2 , this is a level curve in 2D.
(2x, −2y, −1)
b=p
n (x, y)
1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 ∴ ∇g = 2(x, y), i.e. n
b=
a
ZZ ZZ I I
x2 + y 2
∴ F·n
b dS = F·n
b dAxy ∴ F·n
b ds = ds
C C a
S R I
ZZ =a ds
2
= (−2x + 2xy + 1) dAxy C

R = 2πa2 .
Z 2πZ a
= (−2r 2 cos2 θ + 2r 2 cos θ sin θ + 1)r dr dθ (b)
0 0

a 4 C = C 1 + C 2 + C3 + C 4
= πa2 − 2π
4
π 2 C1 : r(t) = (1 − t)r0 + tr1 = (1 − t)(1, −1) + t(1, 1) = (1, 2t − 1), 06t61
= a (2 − a2 ).
2 ′ ′
r (t) = (0, 2), ds = kr (t)k dt = 2 dt
Z Z 1 Z 1
∴ F·n
b ds = (1, 2t − 1) · i × 2 dt = 2 dt = 2.
C1 0 0

C2 : r(t) = (1 − t)(1, 1) + t(−1, 1) = (1 − 2t, 1), 06t61

Qu. 10 r′ (t) = (−2, 0), ds = kr′ (t)k dt = 2 dt

Z Z 1 Z 1
S : r = u2 v i + uv 2 j + v 3 k 0 6 u 6 1, 06v61 ∴ F·n
b ds = (1 − 2t, 1) · j × 2 dt = 2 dt = 2.
C2 0 0
ru = 2uv i + v 2 j, rv = u2 i + 2uv j + 3v 2 k
 
 i j k  C3 : r(t) = (1 − t)(1, 1) + t(−1, 1) = (−1, 1 − 2t), 06t61

 
ru × rv =  2uv v 2 0  = 3v 4 i − 6uv 3 j + 3u2 v 2 k ′ ′
r (t) = (0, −2), ds = kr (t)k dt = 2 dt
 2 
 u 2uv 3v 2  Z Z 1 Z 1
∴ F·n
b ds = (−1, 1 − 2t) · (− j)2 dt = 2 dt = 2.
On S, we have F = 2u2 v i + uv 2 j + v 3 k C3 0 0

ZZ
C4 : r(t) = (1 − t)(−1, 1) + t(1, −1) = (−1, 1 − 2t), 06t61
∴S= F·nb dS
′ ′
S r (t) = (0, −2), ds = kr (t)k dt = 2 dt
ZZ Z Z 1 Z 1
2 5 2 5 2 5
= (6u v − 6u v + 3u v ) dS ∴ F·n
b ds = (−1, 1 − 2t) · (− i)2 dt = 2 dt = 2.
C4 0 0
S
Z 1Z 1 Z
= (3u2 v 5 ) dv du ∴ F·n
b ds = 8.
0 0 C
Z 1
1 1
= u2 du = .
2 0 6

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