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TlooTOMy eTpaxoBOwit ryaen naar ne uyacio (pue. 12) Mposodnux deanmxa exxercs, ax H Se MPOBONHNKA ROCHMEDKE, HO esoxeHHIM BuRoe XOROBLIM KOHIIOM esaerer nonoanTeNHB ar (He nyrars © xxHIKOBOR nerneA). Tpit Oc- BoeHHI HYPKHO S80CTPHT BHHMAKIE 1a PANU B BARRE DTHEK ABYK Y3N0B, TO "a Gyaer nerve ee yesours (Puc. 13). Tipososvux seexrxa npnwenser- 4 nosomsHo pesko. QTOT y3en necKom- Ko MeHbille, 4eM MPOBORHINK BocEMepKA ccenaSaner nepenky, Ho yerynaer efi no Puc. 13. yaoScray saRsseinants, pacxony Bepesks H pasMepaM. TIposomHnK BoceMepKa H Renarka — nysuime ¢ TOaKH 3peHHA HaNERHOCTH HK TOMY Ke He TPeGYIOT OGAa- ‘TeABULIX CTpAXOBOWERX Y2TOR, Byauns (x onope) (Gecedounuil yren, «xopons ysno6r, ysex Hanscmer, yen Byouna, komandunit ysex) ue cneayer nyrats ¢ BCnOMOTATENEHEM Y3T0M 9yume, NPUMEHKEMBIM JK CEASEIBAHH ABYX BEpeBOK KOROBMIMH KOHUAM Ges APHMeHEHNA meTenb, OGasaTeMHo BAKeTER CTpAXOBONHBI Y2e. Puc, 14 a. So onm us caMBIx yinmmepeansane H caMEEX HARERKEX yan08. Bropoe naseaime yaa ~ Gecedovest, Haspanne mporcxomuer He OF raardsa Gecedoeams una oT eymectmurembHoro GecedKa. Lo MopeKOi TepwNOROTHK HaaLINe 3TOro yuma npownouie oF Gecenki, Ho He oF OGkIMHOK, a ot NoPeKOH, KoTOpAA ipex- crasaxer cool neSonsuiyi0 aepemsniyo aocKy-naanGoPMy, HyxAMYIO AA THonveNA YeNOBeKA Ha Ma‘TY HM onYCKAIHI 3a GOPT cysIa pH PasmivHx pa- Gorax. C nowouso epesox (Ha MopcKOM sa4iKe Tpocos) KpeMTEA K NOsbeM- oft sepeaxe (npocy) ocoGuis yssiow, KoTOpL H nomyuAN KanBase GecedOXNO- 20. Tlepeoe wasbase — yur — npows0u.n0 OF aKianlicKoro ci0%a, o6O3He- ‘yaiowero cHacrs, KoTOpOH oTTArHDaIOT HaRerpewiyio GoKOEYO UKcaTOpHy rmotero mpxworo napyca. ra CNacrs BKACTER K IKaTOpuNe napyea Gymine- suum yarou (The Bowline Knot) smi npocto Gysniem. ia stom yane ects ewbicn octanownrscx nionoxpoGuee, Jlejicrmxreabio, om Buster BOEKHUIeHHE y TeX, KTO HCET eNO € REPEBKAMH H BABKOIT Y3N08, "Tak NA ABAETCH OAH HE APEBHETUIX H CAMBEX YAHIHTENIEX yan08. APXCO- zoru canaeremscrayior, 470 Oeceaowst yoen (Gyaus) Osun wapecTeN ApeDHHM enmranan 1 duosmatitiay 32 3 Te. er 20 named opis. B aurauticxoh uopcKot ‘Texuuivecxoi mATeparype ero wecTo HMEHYIOT Koparen y21oe (King of Knot). Flaneko we Kaxenbst y2eN MOET CPABHTLCK © HIM KORAMECTBOM HONOATETEND- ux evoliers, KoTopsin of OGnasaeT: yaHiTeNsHo MpocTo wuKeTEA, Ate TPH CHUTHON HATOREHIH BePeDRH HHROTAa Me SBTATMBaeTER KHAMEPTROD, He MOPTHT BepeDKY, HHKOrAA HE CROMIHT BAOM Hee, CAM He PaMBADUIBAETES, HO E70 NerKO asBsDar, KOT 3TO HY. Ochostioe uasnatetite Yona 910 OGoraKa vesoBCKA BEpCEKOM KaX CPE ceroom crpaxonkst pH omeme Ha nUIcory, pH paGore Ha nkicoTe. 3anRaaNTiNA STH. YOM, METAR Ha UIBApTOSE (HK TYPHCTOS-DOMKAKOS) ANEKHO CHAT BMeCTO ozona (KOmBUO Hf BEPEBKH HIM CTANAHOTO TPOCA, CHEAHHOe Ha KONE aK 8 cepenime oToi BepesKs Hui Tpoca). Ero ¢ YeMeXOM MoxGIO NPHMEHATS 10 JK conDeinaHlEE BepesoK, HOFOTORNENHEIX HE paxUNHOrO Marepnaa (8 aTOM CHyae REPEBKH COEAMENIOTER RENATATHSGIOMUAMUCH NETIAMI, & YBNBI BAXTER wa enowx KopennsX KoHUax). Ha ncex cnoco6oe cesasinanis 2 nepenox Hs Pa -AwaNoro NaTepwama coemiMeHNe © noMoMsK 2 GecenouHEAX yanoR (yan0R By- sums) nernana 6yner cantow mane. Kpowe toro 12 atoro yana (yaa Gyauns) Moxuo caemaTe arexuyio savarusaomyioca netao. Bysuas Tax we MoO Gea onaceHHA npKMeUsTe UWL BpeMeHHOro Ykopasnnans nepen- fcvown waHocunulen JacTOe we Pac, Mm pear uo poor, cess yoen ax, SoG ‘sor KjeOK MPHNODITER ut ream CCymecrayer sanoro enoco6om ante yana Gyn, npeanarno 2 cawsx pauwonamninx m npocrux. Ont wa enocoGon yas micGpanen na pic. 14 Paccmonpn cncremy sro yana Gym x onope, the Che He, Puc. 14, Xononbibt KOHUOM wepeBRH enai0T OGHe onlopit (oBxnarkinaIOT RepeHO, xaMeuh HM rpye enopexa, ecm 6ysHHk HertonbayeTCs JAA rpyaHoll OGBA3KH), Tlocae 3roro Ha xoonox Kone, B Tol wacTH RepeBKH, KOTOPAR HMeeT MIpOO:- 2xeHlMe OT ONOpLI K KOPEHHOMY KOHUY, enaeM cHaYana KamBUKY (SaKPSITYIO Neri), 3aTeM HIKKE ~ OTKPKITYIO NETO, KOTOPYIO NPONYcKAeM B KATHIUIKY u(remax 6 nemse). Teneps xononoii KoHet noose o6uOCA onlopH TponyeKaeM B Sty OURPEITYIO MeFNO 20 TlomHOTo oGxnaTa onopLs, NeperwGaew ua 180° u yxep- vxneaem ool (nenoil) pykol » stom nlosoxenun. JIpyroi pyxoit (npasoii) ‘CHALD TaHeM 3a KOPeHHOH KoNeN. IIpx 2ToM caemMM, MTOGH! neTAX xoaOBOrO Kowa, cnoMeHHOTO BABCe, oCTanack w yane, BaTArMBaeM ysea GYAINKD W BADKeM XogonbiM KOHLOM cTpaxonouHitl yaen (em. Puc. 14). Bo acisn cera Moxer mpuro- aursct ymewne Guicrpo sapazams Gece- ROW yen BOKPYT CBOel TAAHH, Ha NAME HENPEPHBNKM ABIKEHHEM KHCTH 4 onsol pyxw 8 TeqnoTe 32 2-4 c. Hay- SUTHCH 2TOMY Nerko: KopeHHOM KoNeU bepeoat Gepem w esyio pyky, mpasolt PYKOR xonopofi Kone oGHOcHM csaH ‘ce6ia (voxpyr caoelt rau). Tlesoit pyxoli nenaeM Ha KOpeHHOM KOHIE NETO, a 3aTeM ¢ MOMOLIBIO ‘npaboll pykH JesTaeM He Hee KAMBUKY (saxPy'MBaa NeTIHO Ha ceGs). Tlorpeumposasmucs, oxo 10- Gursce Toro, ro sT0T mpnem GyseT Tomy MaTLCA pH McnlombsoBaHHH TOIEKO OBHOM Py. Xogosolt xoweu, npasolt pykoit npo- ease » cootseTTaMH c pic. 14 € M nNKeM erpaxonownit ysen. Yaepaumax mpapolt . PyxoP caoxentuilt suBoe XOZOBOH KoHENL, Puc. 14.6, eNO! ~ CHABHO TAHEM 3a KOPeHHOM KOHet (or ce6s no nomMoro sararwsainis yana. Kax yke OTMeWATOCE BEIMIE, HYKHO NOCTORHHO cnemuTs sa Tem, uroGst Meta xoR080rO ous ocTanact B ysne (pic. 14 >). Mpone~ ‘nas YNPaXHEHMe HECKOMKKO pa NOMPRA, MoxWO HaySiITBCR ERATE yse GynuHy Ha co6e TeMHOTe HH C 2aKpEATEIMH F71A3aM Puc, 14 Cetiuac rypuctss » noxonax wna copentosanii no TYpHCTeKOH TEXKe omayiOTCx CINTEIMK Cmpaxonowein cucmenaw. Ho 8 XKIDIH BO3MOKH CiTyaDH, KOFMA OT YMEHNK RxdaTs cTpaxOBOTUyIO CHCTEMY HS BepesKH SaBHCHT avons. Kax asnave raxyio cucremy? Typncrat acto nastvator ce obs2xoi. Mit YE paceMOTpes, KAK RASETS OJIN AN S2XPeOAEHN BEPEINN BORPYT TINH Eca xonopolt KoHttt nocne BASKK 6yMHHR NepeKMHTyTe Hepes TULeNO, CREATE 32 cmtielt o640¢ nepeokct HesaTariMEaIOUlelicn META Ha TORCe, SATeM BepHYTS He- ea apyroe rinewo nnepen H casaaTs 6yMHHEN IK WKOTOBEIM Y3A0M XOHOBOH oWeH ¢ nevaell na noxce, To Mos 2ocTHTHEM EABeNOrS. 12 B rauire «lllkosa ansnisnamay pexomensyerca cuctema, HoKaranvas Ha pue.14 w, ona Gone najexna Gesoracta, nosToMy mpeanowrurensHell. [fax ‘Toro ¥roOw paswaaaTs Gyauns (GecemouNEil Y3ER), AOCTATOSHO HeMHOrO cm byte netao xomosoro KoHUA BONE OcAAGEHHOM KOpeHHOM wacrH BepeBKit. Puc. 14 x, ) yen Geeexaa r) Gym; 1) Mow Puc. 14 x. Ons erpaxovowne: 1 ~ wxnpomian pouaunste (a~ rpyanag oGaenea ysn00 Gym; 6 rpyatiaa o6eeKa yai0M "po ‘soda Ha OeHOBHOM BepeAKE € NOTIN: aye 3 B0FOrO penuypa; 8 yaa ‘OGBABKA wxDMOsNLM y5I0M HE BOFHOTO penuuypa; r— Gecedxa ws etan ockoBHoN 1 ‘mepemint xapasuns): 2 — anemnencrexa cmpaxosounstl none ‘AGanaxosa (a— a eaecTae rpyAHOl 06- sane, 6 — 9 xasccrne Gecenxs); 3 —nompecntie cncremss (a € punxen= ‘muann rpyavot oGaasx0t m Goceaxort, 6—c roncrpyernswo cassanenan rpynion ‘Gasae0l n Geces0Aeoiinois byauns Exesvsnoea (y2en npeanoxen E.B. Ememanossin) (Crpaxcsounbie cHCTEME, BRIMYCKAEMBIE HaIEH MPOMBLALNEHHOCTEIO, He CHEAYET pemure Kapa6MHoM no TOM NpuHtHe, ¥TO B cmTy¥ae PHEKA OGpasyiouleMce ‘Tpeyrosbimke YCuAM Harpyaka Ha KapAGHH MONET OKASATSCR MpKAOACHHOR HepnesuiKysxpHo K €r0 AINHOH OCH, a 3Aect NpoMHOoTE KapaGwiia GyeT He aocratownoll. Coenmuenue sactel crpaxopowioli chictemst ocymtecTBaKeTea snow snofinofi Gym. Baxetes mpolinon Symi 12 S-éerpoporo KycKa ocHoenoil sepesxu, yume marKol, ua noaysepesxn. Xopoitio paGoraer M slewra WMPHHOF ie Me~ Hee 20 ma. Yaen xapaxtepe TeM, ro haeet 2 neTaM caMOCTpAXORKH: OHA BL- RQUIRGCTCX Ha KOHUC HePeBKH, BAOMAMLEH B NETAH rpyzHOH OGaRIKH, a wrOpaR, Gonee amNHAs, Ha KOHUe, Koropl cocmmuAeT netMn BecenKH. Ysen yxoG—r ‘Tes, 40 NOSBONNET, Me TepAA CAMOCTPAXOBKH Ha KOPOTKOH emNe, PactycrATe uoaacio wacrs GeceaKit m aaxe crits cc. [lenactex 370 TaK: cnerka pacnycTHs Apofinoit Gynus, Hano MpoTAKYTs Hepes Hero Gonce AIMAKYIO NeTAIO caMocTpa- XOBKM Tax, TOOK y2es NPOBOAHINKA Ha KONE CAMOCTPAXOBKH NoOUeN BNAOT- Hylo K mpolinomy Gynnino, saTeM cHoBa saTaNYTE yaen, H MONO CHHMATE Gecen- vy. Taxol upwem npusensercs mpi HeoOKoAMMOCTH epeoneTEEK, CHAT yTeN ene 6pronst 7. This 9110 ee uenelt npHewments scmpewneil yoer, mumastimaentsit OnHHM KOHUION BepeBKH, nposodnuK 4 eocanepxa. TIpocrol Cysuus tpeSyer duxcauyit ompemsin yanow, Go o meer Tevzento k plenyexaHHo Puc. 15. Coenuuenne sacteii erpa- XonOWHOM! CHCTEMEI Y3I0M ABOHHOHL ‘Gym: a) netan rpymsok oSmexH 6) wasannsas neras; 3) sor KycOK nepesist nomen Gurr We mevice 2; 1) Tometect marae ipsa BepeDKE, npoxoasielt x nevasx Gece; a) neras Gecemua;e) neta eanoetpa- ‘omit umvoll 11 3) nevi eao- expaxoua annH0H 1,7 Aooiinots bynune (deoknot Gecedounnia yoen, ysen «dsoinoit Hans cmeno), wseroinnit mse HesaTArHBAIOUIMeCR MCTAM, MPHMEHACTER BMECTO Gece 1 1008 nomBeMa NenOBEKA Ha BLICOTy HnM OGecrIeNeHMa Ber0NIaCHOCTH HenoneKa 4 npn paGove ta nsicove i» apyrix empans. Tipn eraxe yana oma i never nenaetea nov 82 pasa Men ApyTOfL B omit terse wenonex cur, sropan — oxnaTunaer ero TyAORHIe NO Misti xan, Sto nosBOMET ex, osUNBLeb na mbicoTy, PaboTaT® OBEMNH pyran ivoRiok Gyan (anoRwon Gecenowh Yen) Moxeo Nenoms0eaTE Kal act Cmpaxonowtioli excrens,caxzanof wx nepens. Hp aroM oGe mevan zenaioTeR onmaxonsie. B npakrine cyatecrayer ne- exomxo cnocoGos sapsauRaitix DOR wore Gyauwa, Tpegnaraio nanonee npoctoit a ran. Yaen axxeetex enor Holt sapoe nepenKo Tloene wpona xo- oRoro Kowa (B Bite NeeaK) » Mayo nero yana aT07 KONE! HHO HeNHOT suiranyre 1, oGnecn noxpyt Gomsutoh Term, OMECTHTE REpXIHOIO ero siacts. Hepa oxwolt pyxoit sa Koper vyfo acts Bepenxt, apyrott pyKoltno- "any sie ipanyio cTopony SonbuHot nofoit neva. Tlocne sro yaen sata weres it Gyner roroD ¥ wenlontoRaHHn0 (pe. 16). Henancruit Gecedounnii yren (Gounancruit yer, yrer aucnancrat Hanvcmen»)*B xaxcuyto 3 ney nesa- ‘TArHBAIOMIUXCH Mere onanicKOrO Ge- cenOHHOrO yaa NPocoRMIRAIOT HOry, & Pykamu aepykarex 3a wepesxy. Sum y3- OM yn064O NloMBOBATECR BO RpEME ccnacateabibx paor mpl We06xoRHMo- CTH MOANATS HAM ONYCTITE ¢ BLICOTH notepasuero costanns uenonexa. Yro- Gut om He BuIBanies He neem, Ha ero "pyaM ononsirensHo aang3zinaeTeH XO- ‘ROBEIM KOHOM wepeBKM Om HAI 8a rnonyurruixa (pic. 17) Pac. 17. Tpoitnoit nuemensiit ysen (ceaumennst yen, Spanun (Opaxnan), mpe- yeonssun, yen «Tpoitnas Koponxa)*. Orawsitnill, yso6rast, nporutall yser. ‘Bo ncefi cipasosHolt amreparype roksan O¥eHK cnOXHRIe CHOCOBEH ero BAIKH, Tipeainaraio cxof enoco6. [onroe spews cxrrran, #70 TOT y2en « NpHAYMAN CaM, HO Mosxke Oka3asOce, MO OM AARKO NPHAYMAK M NpHMeHIeTCA w UpakAKe. Vre~ Islun cea mticabi0, #T0 Moi cnocoS maxKH 9TOro yaa caNtait NpoCTOM, a sHaNIT ~ myst Hirax, cnoco6 Illamoza: FP Aeoiinoi nposodnux (sanwu yuu, deoinan eocenepra). Hassanne deoinan socemepKa npHIMetReTCR peAKO M, Ha MOH HarIAA, MempasHinHo. Tip OY eF0, 4TOOH MOAOAME TYPHCTH, YENIMIAR O MeN, HAM, 0 NEM HNET Pex Dro WexmowTensHo yaoGnilh MaReKNOt yoes. B ote OT ya npoBomIM- xa mueer rnofiyo nero, 470 HonbimiaeT BesOnSCHOCTD, TK. powcr sat ‘femso yoemena, Venomsayetex 22 sassauipanix Neem caMocTpaxontat, 014 pertenin « abniauicrexoMy KapaGiny axyxol!nemau npr paGore co exBari DacurraN Yanan, Ax Hageckst oxBLOBpeNeHHO 3a 2 HenanHcHMEe OnIopH (Haute oero - UIMAMGypuBK Kploka). Yaen nomycxaer noarouKy M peryamposantie pasqeyon rere npx passiowepHol| Harpysnat a oGe ono Boe ssimepaccMorpelible OcHoBHIMe Yansl BRATER Hal KoMYe sepesKW H Gpaayior Heaararunaromaecs TeTaN, PaceMorpim Heckombko Y¥uion TOTO KE KAACCA, HO ¢ HEBATATHBAIOUUIMHCR eraan @ 060m mecme aepedku. YeAOBHO MOKHO CKAXETS, NTO OHH BURYTER B cepedune sepeent H NOTOMY MHOFA HasbIBalOT cepeduNNDIAM. ITO HEBCPHO, XO- ‘ts Goi noToMy, “FTO cepeaia 40-erponolt aepeskx Gyner Ha ovMeTKE 20 M, a {Sen BHRETEA Ho HEOBXOAAMOCTH B IMOGOM MeCTe. "Aacmpuiicxult nposodnux (wabouxa», «nvenka nylukapcKan nem, cepedunusiit nposodnun, exdoeaR neman, y3eN pastomepHozo pasnocmopon- eco wamasKenua). Cepedunneil npoodnux — wansaie Wenpasnasuoe. Kax 16 SN Puc. 19. Gynt noKasaHo aasee, Taxnx ysn08, OGpasyioulix HesararvBaioueca METH Ha cepenuilen wepenkis, 2HANHTEAIHOE KONNNECTBO M BCE OHH MOFYT OBITS OTHECe- MoI K cepeniHinIM no NpHsKaKaM GynKuMOHAMBHOCTH. HasBaHMe MpHAyMaHIO MockoBckiiMn typHetann, TIpeiaraio TypHcTam He Moms0BaTLcK STHM HasBa- HHWeM, COXPaHUD ero MexKAYHApOINOE HaSBAHNE M BepHyB YAY TO GEBHNEO anno», — asempuitexuis mposodsu. TIpeanaraio ea cntoco6a axaxn: a) obutenpunsrstt, 6) cnocoG Ilamosa. a) Puc. 20. Choco6 aaaxn npiuaysalt MHOH 1977 r. a mpeatomen TypucTaM AnTaA It Kazaxctatia, Croco Gui mruonenio onoGpeH u noy'Mt WMpoKoe pacnpo- cerpanene, Tpaxniveckite 2aHaTHs loKasass, 70 Taxol cnocoS wx3kM Yaa sler- xo 3arioMmuaetes, HCKMOWACT OHOKH MPH pAOOTe B NOAHOM TeMHOTe, NOsBONA- let aepisaries omsiolh pyxol 2a neplLbyIO RepeUky, WTO MeMATORAKHO ZK 6e30~ ‘nacnocts. Tlopsmox sxskut sna: — Bepenka Gepeves B sesyto pyky toa Gomsutoi naseU. = Xonopoli Koveu (HIKKHAR HesaKperuieMtaR MacTL BepesKn) oGHocHTeR nepatsli pas BOKPYT staOHH NO xpalo nambues (UMIAE MyAKHO AeAATE € 3anacoM Ht we Tyr0), = Xonowol koveu oSHociTeR ROKPyT NaOH BTOpOl pas M ykIaTBIBAeTCR Mencry «iyneBlsNb» H nepaLiM Witaramut (BirTxaMu!) locpemMHe. = Caxerit npantal «aurow» uuiara TaHeM B Hayare Ha ceGR, a sureM eno, = OGpasonanmyioes net=0 MpOcORGIRAeM MEMY sANOHLIO H wUNATaNe epewku supaso, ‘Sror yaen (mpi creme) MOxHO He saTarHnaTe. B paGoryro nermo BAe! seumaeTos anbnkapaGuit 4 MoxHO TYT2e npukamuans HarpysKy. Ysen sataser- ‘Yaen averpiikwh nponosink H anianorMsuiiie eMy yas McnomLayioTeR B evecTBe NPOMEXYTOUHLIX TOUEK ONOPKI HAH HABECKH, a TaIOKE ONOPEE AIK G0 7xon. C wx nowomo serKo nepesnsaro (sbiRecTH 10-nog HarpysKs) nepebiTas aw nepeteprail yxacrOK BepebkH. ARCTPHIcKH| MPOROAHHK BecbMA HAECH i AOnyCKEET MPAAOKeHIe HATpY2KH Ho BCE cTOPoU. JTerKO pasRAAbiBACTER HocKe cwsTia warpyaxn. Pubayxan nemn® (anzsuiicnan neman, pesGauraul ozon). Tips noaro- TOORE TWPUCTOR MOET He HBUATHCH, NO OIMAKOMUNHE € STHM YaTOM OGx3a- emo. HyxHo Tepno yevours pantie Mey YIIAMK peLBayKaR nema ecmpuiexuti nposodrau, W370 NOSBONHT Oui Tp nsaKe. Puc, 21 Bavsxu no caown dynxunonambiniM CBOfcTBaM K ONMCAHHIM BLINE ¥2- ‘rast Gypaayxan nemas, mpassnan nemee 4 odwoCmopoNrE eoceMepKa, ITO ‘onunapnite Hesararusatouinecs TeTaM, paccwrTanHe Ha TATy 3 MOGOM KanpaB- ‘eH. Ouw Moryr GurTs samezaHt 8 CepeayiHe BepeBKK (NO TePNHKOACTHH MOC KoBcaio: TYPHCTOS KaAIBIH HS MIEX ~ cepemMHH mposomNK). Ho 4 He XO4y Neperpyxats nuibopmaniteli ary Spomnopy, nosTOMy onucaHNe 9TH YaoR onyckain. Kpome 3T0ro, TypHcTbl 9THNM YaTaMH, KaK NpaBHIO, He NonBsyIOTCR. ‘Tes, KoMy wirTepecuis 9TH yambi, MOXHO OOPATHTECH X HX OMMCAHIMO B crews anbwoli mtteparype. 4. «Benomozamenousie yx» 4.1. 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OH Gin IRTAKYT, TAKOM He CHAO Hao 1 ‘ranyrs (1eprars) 32 omit 13 ero xoAOBMIX KOHUOR. B xpaflueM eayae, MOXHO vettomso8aTs nOMeNAcT, Ho pexErh nepeBKy He HYAHO. Crapalirect we nomssonarsex 2T1M yarow. Ha mpupenestiore cnoco6a paaeazuieaiins yana cneayer, ‘10 npit cmyvaivioM pHIBKe 38 OWI 13 ero KOKOBEIX oHuos oH Moxer pasasaarseR, aro NprneneT x Tparesu Bopoecroit yren (xrebusis ysen). 5 ~ — < cura, 170 oxHaKoMrentie € OTH SS Yanow aeasercs oGmaarenbisi. Tipureay oamn npumep. B anpene Puc. 36. 1996 . Na OGnacTHBIX copestonsHAX WKOABINKOB NO TEXHMIKE Newlexos1HOrO ‘ypioma wa p. Maye np rioaroroake aucraHuit BoaKiKaa HeOGXOBHMOCTH. Ha pacturs eepenty. Henosex, ssanuinica caenars 270, peMIWa HcnOM3OEaTe AIK 270 eau npaniol yaex. Basan on 370 y3en Mopexis cocoGoM, Te. XOZOEIM Xontom omoit sepeskt 8 neTmO ApyToll nepeskn. B cneue Os1n sansaH He "pawl, a noposckofi ysen. B peaysisrate ph onwonpemention prsnxe paSovelt Gpuranollsepeexi ¢ Uerbio ee HaTmKEHIE, Yen dapOGEKANY Ho BEpeDKe M Pa- srzanca, Bo Bpewa naueuist wxewon Gpurait a seumio Gein cepsesno TpasMt- pposant Nenonex. “ro6s wa6exaTe NOZOBHA cHyaIN, HKYKHO at» OTANI exly MPAMGIM H BOPORCAIIM Y2NOM 1 MH BASKH BOPOBEKOFO Yara CC nepsoro mareaa ox own we oTaitaetcx OF NpAMOTO M KaxeTeR, WTO ow ewy cpomun, Ho ecm npuraaierten, To eranoeiren neni, To xOAORII OHUMI BOPORCKOTO yana BLIXORET Ha Hero NO sHIaTOHARN (8 pasHtse COPoHEA OT vysna). Cymiecrayer nepews o nponexoxkneni Naswanitx yan, YroGu snaTD, WTO 9 NOUN, PRE AEXBT JHSHE NEUIH, KOMAAER KTO-TO HR MoeTOpOMINK, mIaeReL, YSNUEHNO 2aRKAEIRAN eFO YRFOM OWeH NOXOXCIM Ha pRMOM. enoBeR, 32- 27Spasuintica » MeWioK, He OGpaulan BHAMANIHA Ha NORBOX H, MPHBOAR Bee B He- XOMHoe NOROXeHHE, SABKSHIBAI MELIOK NPAMBIM 30M. Tlonssosataca sthm yanom ne cneayer. Ho yMeTs ero aa3aTh H 3HaTe OT -Awri oT npocToro Ysa norKeH KANON TypHCT H HNeTpYKTOp NO TYpHBMY. ITO NoMoKer H3GexaTs HecuacTHBEx ciTyHaen, ee “num sar aay pee gles Se a a ee Se a SS ee Sh SS ee Se a a —— SS —— TIpsMoro Y3la MOKHO OWMOHTECR H me ee ror ysen ewe onactec, weM BoposcKoll. Ha saHsTHEX HYAHO OORBaTERE Ho pacemarpupars 4 oGpauar» muuMaune ero wa ovaHHR oT Ga6sero yan. Een y GaGvero ys1a xOMOLIe KONUBH BLIXONET H9 yas C OAHOH CTOPOHM, TO Y TEN Horo ~ ABXOMAT c pasHIAX cTOpOK No ANaroHanm, FIpHMCHRTe TENUIH Yaen HH 8 oem caysae He cneayer HH TH KaKHX obcToRTeMbCTRAX, “«Tpasnnois yien™ NpHMeNAETCR NR CBADLIBAIIKK BEPEBOK OsUIHAKOBOTO awauerpa. Hecworps Ha cBoe Haauaniue, 3T0T aueMetTaputisll Y2en atioaNe Hane 2XeH M MOXET BLUIePAHATH cHLABHTYIO HarpyaKy. KpoMe 2T0FO, oH nerKo pase sbieaeTex mpH OTCyTCTBHK Tar. FIpumiyeT BaSKH Ysa — NOAYLITUKK Hy-RKMH onus 28 Puc. 39. ‘Yen oven yaoGen su eoxouatenexpon (sein). Fp ararana pa saoro ya oe Ropentne Konus Jen Hepenp)actos Hf nsec APSO oyu. Koran on Seamyt oramieao, OF masoeant oem GuoTpE? 8 ny Cropery. Pipa apctoumies syoro yarn OSeMTOMAN MOES 199A eHpuRDBO Yur (Po oxy ta kaxaow xOn080M Hoe) nau Joon (recoeok, pubarpl, ancaulerad, pewnod, enuxat ostuait emer), Tope Te, Fax ero paccuonpers, Hy epasy Ke Chena Sronopry, so» syprone Haseanir Hekoropsn Yaron nepenpan He ore opuincrul maayetd yoen wuina pub, a wopened mata 9 TPH (roo Hu eo ue, Hak NonoMOrsTefninh Yoon Genny MonoMAsyeUl BBA ced Strot2 nepeoos.Tepumonoraa a myprane me yeronsace, wens ce E50 umaro m onan, fax Sto moor ujuwtmay. Tasreysnece © mano SOM oe eee os eee yee "Teaunn oe pnetacres ae eerily Fe iammterpe On| oom cer os on wowOmaiyio AYR npoeTAK (eptoconman) yee, Saran sine xozomsinan Konan nowpyr sy- ames ae on open xonton, oda ean. ae Se lereeen ate aon to nosone Wx HaDeIpeHy APY 6) Sosy oi NOH Ses emer, npoctol ysea, @ aropok ~ mponye- Or ‘re dep eto TerM, Dans 80. IPT hopetoro koa ApyrorO pe corona ipoctt yo Bropoltcnoco6 — wanoxiTs xOMOBOR KONE OWHOM REpEBK Ha ApyroH ona nepenok aeovaty npocte ys, pw stow ro Konpompobets, ‘rote y Zonoeut roman Guise atavansta vepennos asec” wise yoek Somer sears movopn. Tlocne toro, wat pace yom 9as3aH, HAH ARMY O66 ena Bee RYE Rey ars cae Gee mocins oasl setae onaee oe see Jamu epee 2 om cxpaxoronn yao (pe 40). Puc. 40, 29Tpeiinsaiin (Beoinots maayrui, «eotinot pabnuit emer) ~ oni 12 aMUIX MPONHEIX H MOZEMHIX YOI0D, HCTLORBAYEMRK AE CBASEAMHA REEBOK npnepvo omoro avamenpa. Vaex rpefinealin wraceren Tax Me, Ka M TALKH. 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B-rpersiny rpeinsalin yaoGer ne TomsKo J cBAAGIBAHIA RepeROK, et, SARK NeTeM-OTTHKCK M Z., HO M TPH CBASBIRAAHH NeTAK AUK caMOcTpAXOBK, "ipiview sTHM 2 Yan0M MOXHO perymupoBeTe ANH NeTaK, Beserseprory, Mp HenOM3OBAMIN 2TOFO ya HET NeOGKOAMMOCTH BASATD expaxoso¥"ee Yanks, & 370 2KOHOMNK HPEMEHI, RePeRKH, A TAK we NOWMALICHHE Gesonacnocnt. C wenomssosawien rpelinealina mcrpeni yaen yepariin coe mH- Pylouee noaomenme epenst Y3108, MpenvanHadeHHeNX N06 CRRALINAMINE REpeDOK amore awancetpa (puc. 41). Osparnen cropo Oxeancnait ysen. Tipu paccmotpentan exempt yaa MOHO 2aMerHT, TO rpefineaitn oGuenmuster 2 yana — 970 OKeaHcKwe Y2mbi, 3ARRZAIIINE XOROBHIMEE KOMUANH ONHIX BePeHOK Ha KOPEHHLIX KOHUAX pyr. ¥en ylOGeH 8 TpHMe- ‘HeNiM npH saxpennennn monepewiti K XKepay. Caeayer 2aMeTHTS, ITO OKeAH- ‘kal ysem ~ 970 «@KONCTpHKTOpHLiND> Yses, B KOTOPOM KOHLIM BEDERKH RLIXORAT Mepes “AKPAITHIE neta, @ He MERAY IMAL (KAK B KOHCTPHETOPE) (pHe. 42), Ho ‘exewa youta ofa M Tanke — nOMyysen HaKPHIT ULMArOM BePEBKH, 30 Puc, 42. Tipu asane yana xonopuin Konon enaetes 3 o6voca. Eons sumMatembHo PaceMonpers cxewsl yana zpeiisaina n dsoinazo epeinaatina, 70 MOKO cKA3aTE, "170 9TO He 4TO MHOe KaK Ya! KoNCmpuxmop 1 OaoilNot! KONeMpUKMOp, HO B HX BOM praesent. Uixomoasat yren (ysen «LLIkomoastit emery, «lllomcmero, ysen «Bebe- Pa», raxawpacit Bynune— we nyrars © Bynwven Knacca OcHONNX yinon) mpine- TfeTCR AA cHIRIBAKAR BEPEROK OsOFO YUE pastHAX aKaMeTpoe. B saKpLsTy10 neta (KansiiKy) ORO nepenxu nponyeKaeTex xoxoBOM KoHeM 2PYTOH, KOTO uM nenaerea oGHoc nepzoll Repenkn. Jlanee xononoM KoneN nepeolt nposesa ‘eTcx oGpamo s net™0, nocte Hero yaen sararHsaeTcs (1-H cH0c06) (pic. 44). Ha xonowenx KoHtax o6€HX Be- escK OGasaTeNBHO BRxYTCR cTpaxo- nowniie yams HeoGxonnmo oGpaticrs BHMMAHMe Ha TO, HTO B MepBOM H 80 BBTOpOM cayaax 370 npocmue yonb. Puc, 44. Caoe masmanne ysen nomyann for coma «umkor» ~ enacts, KoTOpolL ynpasnwor napycom. Tpuniwin oToro Yona saxmowaetex 8 TOM, 470 TOHKH xomoBo# xoveu mpoxomHT moa Kopes- Puc. 45. ‘MGIM W HpH Tare MpHOKwMaeTCH HM B netae, o6pasonantolt Gonee Toncrolt wepeskol. Mpumessa wxorostill yen, nce [HA CHeAYeT NOMHHTS 0 TOM, 4TO OH MALEANO AEpAIET TONBKO TOFAA, KOTAA Ha nepeaxy npwioxena tara, Sror yaen (pwc. 45) aKeTCR MONTH TAK 3Ke, KAK H Tpawofi, Mo ero XonoROfi KoHeM ponycKaeTes He PRIOM C KOPEHULIM, @ OR He 31ro, Yaen xopout Tew, wro, sararHnasce, He noprir nepesks (2-H cn10c06), Mocne Ccuntua uarpyaKu nerko pasea3sinacrea. {pa nepemennioi narpyske ta CuirrerneckiNX wepeBkaX APHMEHETD WKO~ ToBMil ysen He PeKOMEHAVETER, T:K. OM CKONLINT H MONET ALIETECTHYTHCE Hes net, Tpx Hcnonksoeanin oToro yana oGguarensia BASKA ABYx CTPAXOBONHEX Y08: To ORHOMY Ha KAXIOM XOIOBOM KOHLIE CENSEIBAeMEIX BEpEROK. Kax HB yane Gyauu, crpaxonownwie yams MpescTanimoT coGli npocrue yank. Osu (wa nerne) ssxetes c oGHocoM KopenHOro Kola BepeDkH, APYTOH — Ha eC TOK ‘0M XonOBOM KoMe OOM crlocoGOM. Tra Gombe HagexHocTH unKOTOSIAI yoen woxer aesaveca co muiarom. B otoM cayaae ‘ou noxox Ha Opa mkomoestil yer. Pasinia 8 ‘Tox, 470 eFO Ua” NesAETCS BBE NETAM Ha KO enuoll wacrH nepesks. IkoToRMi yaen sanset- (% COCTABHHIM. STeMCHTOM HeKOTOPHIX.aiAuOR Pu. 46. rnneresmtrx peiGon0RkBix cere YY rypacros r Pocrona-ta-Jlony « perpenn taxyio omnGxy () Puc. 47. Tipu stom yrneprxnanocs, TO BESET HYAGIO HMEHHO TAK JUIN OTIMNHA OT UKO- ‘mosoco yaa. pam wxomoewit ysex npumenser- 4 UMA casaIBAHHR BepeBOK pasHorO sHa- ‘Metpa (wm onnoro). Tak 2, KaK HUIKOTO- ail yien, coe Haznanne NONy'AA OT Ha- oY Mewosanun napyewoli cHacta — pam xo. Bpax mxorosuit ysen wamextee luxkoTov0ro, noTOMy 470 He cpasy pasus- acres, KOra mpexpamaerca Tara Ha Be~ pesky. OT uikoToRoro yaa oTaMYaeTCR TEM, ro mlermio OGHOCHT XOAOBLIM KOHUIOM He ‘ons, a2 pasa 4 1lom KopenHoM KoHeU Mpo- nycraior Tarcxe asaxcnis (pic. 48) Puc. 48. (OGasateatio wexyrex eTpaxouounue ys 32 Axadenuneckuit ysex 8 typusme ~ 970 He mopexoil axademuvecrii yen, oTopwil OMEN CXOX € XHPYprHveCKHM Yano. Or cHoero MpapoaMTena — Nps 020 yata ~ OM OTANMAETCA TEM, TO KONOBOM KOHeH BEpeBkH OGHOCKTEH HOKPYT xouOBOTO KOHIIA pyro BopeBKH ABAXKRH, HOGHE Hero XOTOBHIE KOHLIM CBONETCR asexpesy apyr ApyTY H coBa naxx OGHocRTCR, HisIMH COBAMM, BHESY Ba- ‘ayrex 2 nouyysna 1 Buepxy 2 nomyyana, Ho 3AREIAHHNC B NpOTHEONOIOKHYIO CcTopony. 910 Maer aKaneMIYeECKOMY MOPCKOMY Yay MpesMYNLECTBO B TOM, HTO ‘npn Gonbwiol Harpyske Ha RepeBKy OH He TaK CHILHO SATATHBAETCA KAK NANO wero nerve passssare oFHI4HBIM criocoGoM. AxaeMINeckat yse, NpHNATHI x HETONKIORAKIIO B TypIMe, BBITNAT ES 3= Pu. 49. ort Baxercs yen, KaK H MpRMOM, OMHIEM KOHUOM B NETMO, Ho Hlne Mponye- aims xox0v0r0 NOMA NepsOM sepesku # HeTmO ETOPOR, nenaeTeA 2 OGNOCA nnerau, Toene sroro xonouoli Koti, cHoBa MponyexacTea ® NeT=Ne, NPHEM XORY c80eFO KOPENHOTO KOHL, H NONYSACTEA KPBCHELIM CHNMETPIRALAA Yaen, ‘Tarim oGpasom yeeHsHsaeTCR NAOMaAe BIaHMONEHCTEN TPYUUELCR NOBEpsiIO- erefl. 3a c¥et 2T0FO MTAMCe PemINTD aay CAAOKIRANIA AAYX DepeBOX ADK ro auanenpa. Moxio si 270 sears? st oraexy enoaxn Mvnauima Pacroprye%a tt Ceernait Crmxonof, KoTopiie # cboell METOAMPIKE NMIYT: «AKAREMINE- ‘coo ysem, HeeMOTPA Ha PeKOMEHAAUHNK MeTOAEIHECKAX nRaKaTOR BLICTIC, Kite ru «Typucr» (Mocksa, uC, 1974), . He xonoouix nomunx oGm.aTebH0 HNKYTEA CTpaXOROMe YAM 33Ha copestosaniax 0 TexsMKe newexomwore TypiAMa HOF MOxHO vaGmenaTe, kak npH sazannn: “Sasasare akaneNnocksf yaes", — cOpTeMeHnsi BIKYT BOPOBCKOM ysen co minarOM. IIpH 3roM cysLK He 3aMeUAKOT OWLHGKH! (Typuerexuit caer paSorunkos o6paronanna Poccin » Mapu-31, 1998). Ascmpuitcuit ckopuaseusit ysen Hanoea®, Tlocovopim cHavana © exoprasenon yane... STOT saMevaTesBHbil YSET AABHO HEIBECTEH CKOPHAKAM, HO ‘Ro wacToaulero speMeHu ocTacTea HesaMeWeNHEM MopsKaMM. Ero CXeMa FORO purr cema 3a ce6x. On cpanxirresbHo npoct, Heer AOCTaTOSHO TepeceNeHHX. omuoa M KoMnakren. Kpome Toro, cKOpHaAMBIM ysen oOnasaeT OTAKHLIM cwofictsom, Paccwuranubi aim CHINO! TATH ON KpenKO satsruRacrea, HO H 6e3 ‘ocoGoro Tpysa pasasabinaeTes, NOSTOMY eFO ¢ YetleXOM MO‘TIO MPHMEHATE IA (CORSLIBAHIR CHHTETHMECKNX BePeHOK, a B cooe apema, usyxan 9T0T yser, x OOpania sHMMAHHe Ha TO, so ToT yes ve samtercx emmerpHsio @urypon. PaGoTas Co CKOPHUKHLIN YanoM oGusaace ero cHMMerpHH, NOAY'H HOBKIH yen, KOTOPHI YenoBHO HazEaN ‘aecmpuilexuun exopnsocieun. Pe Pu. 51. Ysem meer HecKOnLKo cBolicTB, BHIFOAHO OTMMAIONUNK ero OT ApyrHX -yaos stot rpynnsi. Ox He passxstisaeTcx mpu suaonepemenKolt Harpy2Ke, ser~ KO BAKETCA K TIPM HEOOXOAHMOCTH slerKO paaRrautBaeTeR. Ho naKe He 970 Tae- Hoe. TypueTam He HYAHO HSYYaTE CTLeUMATAHO 9TOT yen. Oxi ero axaror! Tp AeTANGHOM paCCMOTPEHHH OKASLIBAETER, ITO CXeNA 3TOTO Yaa — TONHAA KOT ‘aucrpilicKoro nposoanuic, 3a HeKTOYeNNeM OAHOrD: TOGEI Ht anCTpHiIcKOTO Tponownuka nostysnTs aBcrpHitcKnil cxopiwoanil ysea, uyxKHO pasperate ero aGorryo netmo. Orciona w emmeayer ero nassanne. Ha pute. $0 nowaaw just wx enacoGon newiues arare yana. Jee apyrace Ye ONHcaHBE Np paceMorpeMun anctpulickoro mposonsKa. HackOnbKo MHe seecmHo, TOT yaen fo MEH HIHKEM eneLWATBHO He MecKeNOBANCR, He HeTBETSI= ‘Banca K He OncbiEaIeR. STO NepBOE HAAHINe ¢ eTO OTICAAHEM. H eue. Tax xax yen oTHoctTes K RIaCcy BCTOMOTaTERBHBIX, peKOMel= Aaylo Ha XonOBBIX KOHUAX 3ABASBIBATE CTPAXOBOMHBC YI 34 4.4, Surarmmaiontnees yah (Wwenepioe nannanne ~ cepedunnate yan) Cnpena (enbnenownsie yer, nonrasnolt ren, maanreit anop, cmex ‘Rebenaiimena). Ysen cocTonr vs 2 TORyuITKOS, SanKzaN%T4X B OMNY H TY ME ctopony. ro oven mazexri satarunaioutiiicn yoer, xoroput Getorka3H0 [epi noxA Tara npwroxena x O60HM KoKIAN nepenkn. TypHTE MpHMcHAOT FO Tpit BAKE NOCHIOK, NH paGoTe © axpMapawu (@ TOM enyae R pabOxHNe TeRAK Bcrannaercs cronla HOTH — oTCIoNa H eT saxpasike). C TOMONIBIO 9TOFO Yona MoxiHO D8RPENHT REpeBKY K TAIKOMY CTONGY HIM NepERNARARE, HaReCiT EpeBRY MenXY ABYWA MOAN HT. ‘Cymectayer 2 oevionit enoco6a mask erpemenin: nepatit npmenseTen 0 cxywaRx, ROP ODI 1B KORUOS onops! (MPEADLeTA), BOKPYT ROTOPOA BIAYT YaeH, oTRpHT M OCT; HTOPOIE~ KONA BEpEBKY NpAORITER OBNOCHT eo . BS ft @ Puc, 52, 6, 8, r. 38cam ysen saxercs nlocepensie nepeakit (He Ha ee KoMtue), 10, ecTecTBEH- Ho, crpaxonownsie yan He Bexyres. B cayuae, KOrAA Y3eN BRxETER Ha KOHLUE epeaki, HeoGKonHMa Baska cTpaxoBOWOrO yana, «Koncmpuxmopn (nesamnzueaoueccn cmpens, wmykamypusiii y2en, yen kamenuuxos). Hexto Tl. Kucenee shinyerwn HacresHbih KANeHLAp’ Ha 1993 rox, a o6paTHoi cropoHe KoToporo npopucosatist oKoNO 30 pARAHYHAX aos, 8 TOM ‘cae H Koucmpuamop, KoTOpEAR yr. Kucesena HaaRad “KOHcTpH- Karopom”. Kucesten He OmMHOK B CBOeH ouHGKE. PyecKoMy HenOBEKY, BHLRHMO, ‘aere MpOUSHOCHTS C1080 C GoMbUIKM KOMHNECTBOM TIACHBIX. Ysen uapectent H wemomIsyeTcA Bo BceM Mupe nom HasBaHHeM «KOHCT- puxTop». ro ostiauaet 370 cn080? Crosaps wwocrpamsix cstoa (M.: Pyc. /, s,, 1988) aaet an cneqyiomwe noac- ent: KoHepHTop (or sar. constric- tion) - ermxete, eyxonne. “310 Lee anarouirvecian MoM, CAHIMAIOMIAA KaKOH MEO KAHAN WAM ecTECTREHHOE OT ‘BepeTue, HANpHMep, BePXI H HIDRRIEL Npas EAOTKHD. Jes Hixonaesws Ceparuatn cooeli xuure «Mopoxe yank» niuuer ene- syomee: «oa KoneTpHKTOp ~ 9T0 3oomOFHecKOe Hasnalnie nana no-narun. Take sMeH, Kx YBa, MTOM, aHaKOHZa, KaK HaBCCTHO, YGUBAIOT CHOI XePTBY, cxmaa ee TEMA NeTiAMH cHoerO TENE. Yse, HARECTHBH BO BLOM MiEpe :10% ST ASEAN, ABIACTER OHI HS caMBDX CiRHO saTaTHBAONUAXCA yaoR, B To me BpeNs oH CUHTRETES H OsIINM HE HaNGONCE TpyALo paxBAaAINAeMIK Y3N08. Kax mpasito, ero ake He pasasstiator, on exyxart oxn pan. KoneTpiactop Xopowo sararuBaeTCs, cmH OH 2ARA9GH Ha KPYFNBIX, He HMEIOUIUX OCTPHX Yr- ‘os, npenmerax; w-9ToM cnysae on HesamenHio> (PHC. 53). “Moll cnoco6 axska Toro yaa ws0GpaxeH Ha pic. 54 B xawectse crpemenu 9T0T ysea yy, XS yaoSuee Wem oGuiuHoe crpeMs. OH He Puc. 4. ‘Tax GsicTpo saTaraBaeTcx M MeHBIIe sawn wa cromy. Kpome toro, 9TiM y2- ‘nom TypHcTat NomsyioTca pH Hanecke epi (KOMETpHKTOP BAXETCH OIKHM OHIOM M cHeWHANbHO He 28THrHBaeT- cx ma onope). Koxetpuxtop Moxet BETSeH Ha KONIC BepeaKH WM B eC cepemme. B exyae pani Kotterpi- Topa Ha KoMUe nepenKit, HeoGxonHMO ‘oGaarem.Ho BaSaTB CTpaxOBOUNEL Y¥8e0 (XOMOBKIM KOHUIOM a KOPeNNOM KOHLIE) 36 Sor yea MoxaO MpHMeHATE HB APYTHX enax. C naMOMKIO KOHETpHK- ‘Topa MOXKHO TYTO SABKGETE MELIOK, BCHTHN KAMEpH KATAMApAHA WIM HaRyBHOrO nora, oGxkars npoteKaionutl peavitontalt ULNAHT 1 7.3. Aeoiinoit «xouempurmop». Xo- ‘V1 9TOT sen Choate’ TOMBKO 4TO On 3 ‘cauiHoro, Mo savarusacres on ewe cuituee. On, KaK M omtapHBIt KoHCT- f HKTOp, CHHTAETEX MesaMeHIEHIM 337s F ‘upaiouvaNcs yan0m. Le Yoaexa (necnoli ysen, Opesenvamsit ysen, sanopuuit yren Humaepna- 4a) wpnmenseTex B caysanx, Korda MYHO SaKpeMWT. KOHEI BepeBKH BOKPYT Jtepexa win xaxcus. B npoMBIULIeHHOM anbmHIaMe 9ToT Yoen aule NpHMeHaeT- © Nl €80eMy MPAMOMY HasHaNeHHO, T.e, AK TOMMEMA UAAKHAPHYECKIX nO Popme npeameros wim npeaMeTos, nonepewibie paIMeph KOTOPUX HaMboro Menbire npozomsitrx. YaanKoll yao6Ho NlonbaoRaTKCK NpH ByKciponke Gpeser 8 og, npx norpyake pease, Texerpad- Hux cTOsG08. rot y3en MMpOKO He- noassyior H ecopyGsl. Vaanky nyse ucnomssosars ¢ 2 omyurrukant Tlomem taxensxx npenseros ysanxolt 66e3 nionyurtsixos cusraeres onacHbiN (pe. 56). Puc. $6. Yasaxa ¢ nonyusrixan ~ wazexrash H o¥eH® pox yen, KoTOPA oxuosireniio chabio aanarimaerea voxpyr noataaeworo npeawere. Xono- sof wow popent naxaaatunaeren nosepx KopetmOro KOWa, GHOCHTES BORPYF Hero w nponyeraerea suyrps ners. Jltee, aturaace 3 oGpetwox Rapenscrn B cropory sexaeworo npexwers, XOAOBKIN KOMIOM Zenalor 3-4 tara, Ha onus nepensa oGraarerito Brxetex eMpaxonosnaih yse1 8 we mpOCTOrO yaa. "YroGu momiers cron nepe=s, Spear, pemey wm weranwecryo 1py6y, HeoGmarenHo Hacer KaKe~0 Tae enmae mprenocoézeia. Moxio oGorTHcs BepeBKoli, cooTReTCTSyIONIeH npowwocr, Yaanka RaxeTes HeMEOrO B Puc, 57. ‘ctopone or cepenntss 6penta (1py6ts). Xononofi kowen sepesKH BBIBOART Hts ETA, CocTaRAMOWIel YBEN, HW TAHYT B TO POH KoHua moxinMaeMoro NpeAMeTA, ¢ KoTOporo GyaeT Tara, H nenaloT 2 o- nyurrenca, Ho, Kax Mmpasisno, 18a HoslyurTeska NENAIOTER HO HAMANG BABI YAAK, ‘TAK Kak KopeHHOR Kone ciacr yoke aaxpervien. CnaGuia MERAY YARBKOH 1 omyuITLIKAMH nepen nosbeMOM ROMA Gute auIGpania. Hemanowsokusise x82 {eve H To, B KaKyI0 cTOpoHy aenaIorex Ha mpeaMeTe romyurTuiKH, Hx cnezyeT ‘yesianuisate no xomy ciyyexa nepenxs (pic. $7). 374.5. 3ararupsiommecs neram Bezywuii mpocmoit ysen. 310 caxmi npo eroll yaen, oSpasyouualt satarmpaiouyiocs nermo. Tipu tare 33 openoll KoHeu nerax sararusaeres, Mo e& MORHO ynemMsuTs B pasMepe, Ronakys 3a XoAOBO! KOHeLL B CTOPOHY oa or ner, Yen Momsio 2ana3aTb 8 moGoH sacra BepesKu. C ero TOMOIIIO MOK Ho repeBAaaTb TIOK, NpHpertHTs K WeMy-s4Go mepeBKy, 3A4ANITE ODIKY 38 CBAIO. ‘Dro tacts yana pH BEIKE Npsuaze, GaGve20, aKadEMuNecKoz0, EOpOsCKa20, ‘meuyanozo 2108 XOROBEIM KONIIOM B TETHO. ‘«TTeanuity ysen* — 90 ysen ¢ 2 sara rumanumMnes nernaaat YroGu ix saranyrh, ‘HyatD ORMORPEMeHHO NOTAHYTe 3a XOROBOH H KopeaHoit kommt. Stor ysen nomysnin y Hac ‘cBoe HASBAMHE BHAKMO TOTOMY, WTO ero MPH MenANY 21K YoMEpeHH He B Mepy pasGyute- ABIUNKCA TYARK, Haglesas nleTaM Wa SAngcTEA serSgeat sa ner wespee ME oe roa Tent er otto su nye ‘at mtn oe cee acer seer end oKUTS aA TeX Ke WeneA. [Jo HacToamero i lp pecs Ce aa Sree ga hate Sn ute rae npn ancy ore Tome hata ame Saari pe pen i erm peers CXeNE YAN08, MOXHO 3aMETHTS, TO MAHDI Yaes OGpasyerca (BmKeTCA) H3 Ne- Sense Sm pene elon "oe ona cen 2 ca pn ee 38 Curxoasid yrea* pexomensyercs waytewio px noaroTosKe no nporpamwam kon GesonackocTy H BKOKMEAHIR M 3auMCT- owaH 13 mpaxrukn mmesonoe. CHAK, Ce ante ¢ NoMoMbo TaKoro yana, neicTayIOT Genorasno. CHnkoBbif ysen cunracren O2- HHM 12 HaNGonee MARKO H nerKo saTarH- Baounxcs yan08. Pac. 61 Bamacusarouancn yoasKa* (omagomnssii yren, «eucenanai» 3%¢2). Hiyaaio saaerums, stro vera swapomntitysex cBoei exewoHt ormmiaeTeA or sargruparomefien yaaa, KOTO} MHoTaA TOE HaNkIBAIOT 2UNaROTUBIM y>- som, Stor ysen WMeeT MpeHMyIeCTED Teped YAABKOH € MOMyUITAANH B TOM, ‘ro x00B0F ROHN BepeBKH HE MONET BAICKONISHTD HET, M NOOTOMY 34TH ‘patouiazen ynanxa wane. ‘ro6wr sapsaaTs 2ararHDAIOMLyiocs yaawny, epea yeaausnacTes 8 mine 2 mntakonuix no paswepy eves. O6e retaM HecKombxO pas OGHOCATER xOOBLIM OHUOM BepesKH, ABHrasc ce mpems B eropoxy ropersioro xonua. Tlocse 2t0ro xononoli KOMEN MponyexneTea m ETM, oSpamennyno x Kopenmol "acrH pepenss. Burrarupas xpafimowo nevo, soxvoKaeM 8 nei xonowolk xonew. Sror ysen scersa MoxkHo 6e3 Tpysia paseAaTD, ecnH NOTA -yTb 38 KopeHHyO acs BepeDKs, Pre. 62. ror sen NOpoU! ZU HSYYENIUN EWE H TEM, HTO TO NPHALIT BAH eX "Homa08aH pH WapKNpODKE BEpEROK. 4.6, Mapxuponka nepenox 4. Mapruposownsit yen (napkepneiiiy3en — neeepnoe naseanue) c2y- “Aa 7 MapKuPOBKH BEPEBKH TE TOTO, KAK OH cHOKeHA B Oyxry. Hansanine Fo MIPOWCXOMIET OT cHOKa «apKAY — HECKONEKO TLIOTHO Y:IONEHHK ODHI K -Apyromy mnaros xaGonxx Ha KOM TpOca 1A NpenoTopaMleHT ero pactinera- nix. (Cnosaps moperic Tepwnnion oGpxctixer ea0D0 RaGaMta, RAK cAMhO TOR Kyo coTamiyio HacTe pacTHTeNBHOTO TPOCR, CKPYYERHOTS 12 BOHIOKOH KOH, araost nam apyrax pacteni.) Bepeoka enamusacTea » onHiaphie KOMI U8 nepeviocki epes TuleNo WK 8 ABORHMIE KOMBUA AN epeHocKi 3a crHOH. Be- [PCOKH, CMOTAHHGIE B OAMHApHBE KONBUA MEPEHOCHTER Nepes 12eWO HEB pIOKae xe (pute. 63 a), a nofnate ~w proksaxax ras 3a cratod (pwc. 63 6). 39AS Bi Puc. 63. Cuarussars nepeaxy » Oyxry syste scero venowsew cnoco6os. 3107 cn0co6 eme Hasummaiot dpanyaexw. B 310M cayuae RepeDKA NeTKO BELABETEA, [nKo"2a He cxpy'sacTcs 8 32TArHRSIOLUNECR NTA, KOTOPLIE HEBCSMORNO pac nyrane (ocoGetio 8 cywmepxax i wa mopose) BH Tanononsckni 6 xwure «Typiam uKone» nntieT © MapKypoRoN- Mow vane: «Cayacrr on smi wapeiposKa nepeRKitHocHe TOTO, KaK ova c6yxroRa va, He onto rome wepennnt nenaeres neta, a Apyru KoNGLOM HaBeTpeHy neT- ze nenaetea 4 ~ 5 o60poros Gyxu H netIM, oeKe Hero paGosith KoWeU LpOMye- ‘eves B nevmo w nevis savaTunaeresy, 910, na MOM BATRA, HeBepHO, TA. Tepe nyrauus xononof # xopenniol KOHL. Mapruposia sepesxy, nocte Toro, Kak ola eSyxrosaita, npowSeomiTcx creaytonti oBpanou: 1. Tlocneavee konsuo (saxpsrryo nevie) » Gyre oxeaars ta omy TpeTs xopore ocrannitix. B aambuefiniew 970 nomomer nero ero Halt epest APY xonet, a mpi sararvsani MapeMpowousioro yana NonysaK KPACHByIO, Posto Gyxxy — wn ona nerax He Gyner nirxomurs 2a npeneas Gyre. 2. Tho npuuumy maki sararusaioulelick YAankn, nepenka yxnamiseaeTex ae 2 omwnaKORBNX To paaMepy neTeRb. 3. Tletaa m Gyera nepenxst 56 pas obitocaT- x XonOBHIM KOHOM, MlOenE vero OM nponyoKaeTe 8 nermo. Burin yerammaioTe Taxi o6pa20M, ‘rro6u nepeoka axoro Hoporo lara Guna nnoT- No nplcxaa x nepesxe npessisyutero mara. 4. Bepena yropovennoll erat» Gyre aui- ‘arumete 8 eToporYy oT MapxHponoworo yan, ‘Hoxa neva maprHypoHOsHoro Yana He SATHMETER Ht He oSoxwer xonOBOM KoHeK (pn. 64). Pac. 64. 6, Maprupocounviit ysen-2 npmmensercs 1x HapaUlMBaKHA cHer, B OC- HOBHCM MPH HBTOTORTENNN HOCHOK H3 NONpYSHEIX cpencTe (cieraMH MOrYT ceayxume apesiat nenopy6on).. 40 B yraySnenne, o6parosartice cnera- i, HanoxensiMH pyr Ha Apyra, yknambiea- eM cnoxetmnii suzoe KOpeUHOH KoHeI ne- penn. Xonowsne Konuom oGwarbiwaem ner ‘vo W o6e ener, eweutarce mpm aTOM B cTO- powy nevau (sir exesyer aezaTs © mpeto- CHEN MaKeMaNGHO nO3MORHO chm). Xononoli xonettsepenis nposemievea w ner no, @ 3a KopeiHio Koveu Sararwsaerer yaen (one. 63) CCrenyer sewers, ro nonoGinun o6pas0M cassicTi NaRTaIUBAIOT pO: sono Gar mpi noceravionzetmn onerkn xaGen cass Puc. 65. 4.7, Buterpopazusuimasoutnecn yanei (Cronssamuit) Pupossit ysea* ovens ‘ Oxo Ha paMOlt yoem H BAKCTER Tem 2e Cro- ‘coGom. [pi sasxe sroporo nloayyata Kenlonbay- even XonoROM KoweN, croxeHHbii eaRoe. TIpH PAIEKe 3a XoZOBOH KOHN y3eN MHOREHTHO pasa aummaeter. S1OT ysen mapecten B OGHxORe HOA MaspanieM yen ¢ Oawmuco. Bnpumwane, 270 npoctofi w nonesmsil ysen (puc. 66). fe ones aa feta ae eee ee a Sge ao en rs re a Nat SapaseisaioTeR cHO-KeHHENM BAHOe (@ suse nevem). ‘Yaen cnacamena (Karawuit ysea)* (Gsicrpopararaeinarouuiticn camosara- apatouniica yen ~ BPCY). Stor ysea, a BcneA 3a HHM H HaaBaHILE BOSAMKTH B ‘To spemeta, Korma KoHHKle OTPAMB: KASAKOB COREPUATH HAGETH (BOEHHHIE HOXO- Jas!) Wa nocenenus aEMByLUEX NO COcenCTBY HapOIOR, H HM HYAKHO Gui OrIcTpO 4H MlaexHO MpHAssaTs No#oA noWARM H TAK xe GHCTPO, B emyHae HeOGxOANMO- tH, ero oreasars. [locrarouHo npasisisio epHYyte 3a XOAOHOH KOHeL, H YEN paspwxerea. BuecTe © TeM, ECM NOTRHYTS 38 KOPEHNO KOHN, HANPHMED, KOFAA ROWAN MsKTaeTER YOexATE, TO YaeN TONbKO Kpeiie aararvinaerea. Vaen sept ‘on KasaKaMi 8 cexpeTe, KOTOPUIH Nepenasarck ANECTe c BOCHHGIMM SHAKIN Yaen enacaveax Kaxcbill Typuct AORKeK YMeTE RABAT 3a 1-2 c. Mena oor yaen BuIpy4an yae MHoro pas. ON Mpocto HewaMeHin, KorAa B TeveNe KopoTKoro BpeMeHH HYANO HECKONBKO pas JAKpeMth H TYT Ke OHICTPO OTHRIATH kopenofi Konew Bepesxst ot onopts. TIpivem onopa Moxer Guts KaKAKIH pa 4Nonolt. Vaen Moxo HenomAoRaTb B OKCTpEMANKHOH cHTyALWIK m KavtecTHe ca- ‘MocSpackieatouc YompoHCTD NpH ¥x OTCYTCTONH W OTCYTCTRM AIIHDICTERIEK xapoGusion. Hu onkl yaen He BexeTEA x OnlOpe GkicTpee 2TOro Yana HB 9TOM cawoe ranvioe Kavectno yana cnacarenx. KpoMe Toro, ecm xonoRofl KOWeK, Y aapmanoro Yana cnacaTea nponeTs 8 OSpasoBanllVOCk TPH BLAKE NEUNO, TO nonysrres Hepaseaabimaroulnlics yaen (pic. 72). Tlo axanorHi © MopeKHM paaeriieaioIUNen BerymiM MpOCTHIM yaHoM, Yyany cnacatens MOxiO naTs Haspasiie «paaor2uiBaiouluiice nepesepuyrult 6e- yal npocrofl yaem, re, PIIBIIY. PaccMonpis, kak muxerea yaen enacareas 1. Kone nepeakit oGxiocHw noxpyr onopsi cnena warpano, acne wero xonopoii kopentiofl rons YaepaatBaeM nenolt pyKoH (pHc. 68). 2. Jlanousto mpanofi pyxH MpHmomIaest XoAOBOH KOHL H OTROSHN E70 Aneto TARHM OBPAOM, STOGB! KOPENHOH KOHEML REPERKH KACAICR THIMHOH CTO Porat naaoxse (pH. 69). 3. He ocraviunnas anioxeiuix npasol yk, mairaew eto mine — enpano, @ sarex —RBepK-—BNEBO, TEM CANIM OBpABYEM HA KOPCHHOM KOH B¢pEBKH KAMIIKY Garpenyio nero). Tec 8 xaUKY Saxpy‘omacTeR MpoTHD TacOBOH CTEM Flarsust pyro a70r Mowestr noma Garr coBpars menorxok (uc. 70). 4, Tlassuawn nesof py oTwO20IM XosODOMT KOMEN RNcBO — RBCPX, a nA ‘ian mpanolt pyr Gvictpo Gepewes 3a Bepesky XonOBOTO KOM M STATUBAEH ee anumy, o6panys nero, B Tor Mowestr Ha XONOROM KDHE OBpAxyeTER NET, xovepas, cneaya 38 npasofi pykol, nponeprusacren w xantaniry (pac. 71). yh Puc. 68. Puc. 69. Puc. 70. Puc. 71. HeoGxommmo cnemrs sa Tem, 4ToGs! nece xonoBOH KOHEM He MpOePHYNCX B 3aKDEITYIO TEENO. Tlocne weckonsxicx TpeHMpoBox 9T0 HlerKo aOcTHTa- eres. ['nannoe ~ we akanerb sv1MHbt BepeaKi npH OO- Hoce ontopsi. Puc. 72, 4.8. Oco6ete yanes B npommuitestion anamcuraue 6e3 2Tux yanoe mpocto He o6oftrHck, 5 _nymato, #0 wx Haysenme Gynet NOMesHO H 8 TYPHCTOB. Bouewnd yren.* Ha cpeaieli wactu sepeskn smketes nomyysen. Janee a Tomyneran passostxTeH 8 CTOPONB M OxBATMBAIOT CpemHOI YacTs Coun. HK Hay MacTé MeTM OmeHa NPoxoAHTs no LeHTpY spMuLa GouKH. CaoGonMeie KOH lust Bepeskn caxstisaloTes paman yarn. SLITAM YAIOM flomayIoc®, MPH Nepe- noce (nosworrn) Gaxa Ges pyuex. YaoGeu ysen uw eny4ae, KOT HYAHO OATS avepx miresyio Boay # Gyrsinke ws-riom «ITerci», Tem Goxee “TO y Hee ONE ‘yaoGnble atiewnar 8 suimute. Muoro pas, x yAMBMIEHMO MIpOXOAGEX, TaKHM OOpA- 30m Hlocu ap6ysbi. B 2TOM cayac cyxy Me saMeHuTH pemumypsl. YAobeK _ysea m zai nompeua (crycKa) MeuIKoB, HAIPHMep, ¢ MHXTOBBIMH WIMILKAMH. Bowewnsiit ysea* Mewounsit ysen* Mensnuunnit yren* Puc. 75. 4.9. Ysau4 aaa petGoaosmesx cnacreit Yan dan saxpennenun (npusssoieanus) pribonoensex Kproaxos x 10c~ xke,* Ha caMoM ene 370 necka npunssbinaercx x PKIGONOBHOMY KPIONKY, HE agGopor. Ho s Hames s3uixe rloveMy-To YROPeHMANCE suipaeHNA THA: «TTpH- vkH, noxauTylicTa, xplo¥oKy. BusHMO, YeNOBEK HCXOAHIT M3 ROTHEH NoCmeNORS- ‘TeMbHOCTH Onepalneh: cHavana HSTOTAMNNBAETEX YAUUNHINC, FARCE K HEMY Ke INTER Hecka, a Yate K HECKE KPENIHTCR KPIONOK.Puc, 77. Vans dun saxpensenus noeodKos* (nosodKoasie yan) Kaxkailt TyPHCT [AOMNCH YMeTs B NOxONe HSTOTOBHTE pbiGosIOBHYIO CHACTE M B ciTyuae HeOGXOBK- oct goGuere ce6e rinmty, Hloztomy noneaHo HOMHHTs xOTs GH HecKONDKO PUi- eS = lak Puc, 78. 44 $. «Cneyuansnete yr» 5.1. Cenatermmomne yanot Tlonycxeamsieaiouuit ysex (kopoeuil ysea, napk, zooeKa weasopouKa, menecmanuit ysex) cusraeTea XOpoUMM, npowmun ysnoM. On GesoTKasHO ZRepauT, ect K Bepeske MPHAOKexa Tara. TlomycxRaTUIRAIOIW yaen ¢paxtHe- ‘crit mpencrannser coGoli wenpanueit (nepesepHyraif) UITBIK, paGoTaIOLU & [Bpyrom kavectoe. Vaen NpHMenseTcR MR OHICTPOTO COCHAHCHIR REPERKH ¢ atk MHNCTeRHM KapaGuHOM. JLa8 9TOrO Ha XOAOBOM KOHUC BEPCEKE AEMACTCR NETL, xoTopas mytem neperuGa B cTopoHy KOpeHHoro Kouta MpeoBpasyeres 8 2 2a- xpsrtsie neta. TpyaHo saMeHNM NonycxBaTHIBIOMM Y3eM pH BAIKE HOCHAOK ‘0 TpavicnopTaposk nlocrpanasuiero, TTocae cHsTIG Harpy3KH HomyexBaTLt- ‘arouul ysex serKo pasasate. @ 9 Hepasnoboxuii cceamtearowuit yxex* (odnocmopounuit nonyexaame- eavouuit y2en, epanarouuticn sanop). Baxctcs ws scnoorarensHol nepeaKnt a NepWax 18 OcHOBHOR BEPEBKIC H OTAMaETCR OT NPEMBIAYULETO TEM, HTO OH Hecuwmerpuen: oT yeast cepesuibt 9 OmMy cTopoHY B yaNe CHENaH OMAK nar, a. Apyryio ~ nBa (pH. 80). Baxeter ysen eneayiounn oGpasom. Ha neprixsnyno nepeaxy coepxy (nonepex) Haxaaguinaerca XonOBo! KONI PENUIKYPA, KOTOPKIM, COGCTBEHHD, 1 exeTcx OxocTOpoMni niomyexsaTammaromunt yaen. Jlanee XOAOBKIM. KOHUOM Aenaioren 2 oGHoca noKpyT nepkibHolt (cHOBHOH) BepeBKH 8 cTopoHY TOH saxpennesmix nepw. HanpiMep, ecm mepiita saxpeneMbi cnesa OT asAxyUero {YoEA, TO BHTKH NeNaOTCR BEBO, eenK cpaKa — TO anpaso, TTocste BuoAHENLIX LeHcronit Konew pemmouypa vo-non ocHoRHiOR nepesKH RBIBOAHTCR B CTOPOHY sseacyntero. Xonowofi Kove MepeOpachinacTes fToMepex CBOETO KOPEHHOTO KOK tua, 3avem OBHOCHTCR BOKPYT NepHMBHOH BepeEKH CHHEY BBePX Ha ceGA, NpOCo- BHIBAETCH B NeTHIO BLOM KOPEHHOFO KOHLIA M KPeNMTOA K HEMY CTPSXOBOYMLIN ‘yarom. Puc. 79, o 6Tipuwenseres ysen npw opranwsaunn camocrpaxoaxn, Een sostkaior CoMHEHHIX © BOsMONTIOCTH caMOSAIIEPAAHI B CHYYae cpHIRa, TO OGRIATEREHO puGeraiov x pasnaynuia criocoGas crpaxosKy. JU 3T0r0, npexe ncero, BeLINBGIOTER TepHiTa, T.c. OCHOBHAR RepeRKa, akperLaciian OmNHM (BEpXITN) an mys KoMNAMH K OnopaM. ITepHita HapemBarOTCR FO neelt JZIMHe onacHOTO yaacrea, Jax opranisanni caMocrpaxoBRH HYAGO HeNONsOBaTB Y3eH, OTHE ‘aloiznit HecKombKuse rpeGopanan osyoBpeMeHHO. Kakite 3T0 TpeSosaHtin? ~ nepnoe — sea nomen cuoGosIHo repemeuiaTbed 10 nepHsHoH aepenke He weuraTs aBHExeHMO HenOBeKA; ~ nopoe — B ciTy4ae cpetsa Ht TaNeHMA YeOReKa y2eN AONKeH SaTAHYTECR Ha mepunuof wepeske, oGaaTs ee # OFpmonare cobOM HenloaBIDKHyIO TOUKY xpennenn; = tperbe — ysen 8 Moment cpaiea aomxeH 3arHrHBaTBeR can To ee6e non AciicroveMt narpysku (enosexy B 3T0T MoMeMT He 20 Hero); — NeTuepToe ~ mocne BosOGHOBIeHAE YeNOBEKOM ARIOKEMR CxBATIBAIO- ‘uni yaen omen OGnagaTs cHOlicTBOM AerKO PacHYCKATHCH #1 GLICTPO MPHBO- AMTLCA B HeKonHHO® CocTOuRUE. Boem oTHM TpeGosamia oTaeNa- ® 4, Jor cxBaTetEaIOMMe Yaris, OH — B Bomt- tell nepe, apyrie ~ 8 aensiueli. Fopasno Ayu KaNecreaMH mo cpaBHeHiuo © onycxearsisaioumMMM yuan obnanaeT cxwameseaouul yaen (npyocun. Cxsamsiearouuil yren waKeTes 4a Nepunax 3 OcHOBHOH BepeaKs xojt0nts KOHUCM penultypa no ToMy %Ke MPH ny, 410 4 noayexeameraarouit yen. Cne- Puc. 81 ayer sanoMmurs, ro nepswe 2 waza Cxwaruiparoutie ant, Kenoabsye- Oenarcmes 6 cmopory Kpennenus nepus. Mile & KavectBe saxearos: OGnsatexia saka crpaxoRoNHOrO yaa 2) exmateinaiount ye; (pute. 812). 6) mepasnoGoxith cxnaritmarouuiit een, Cesammeaouui yren ¢ mpenn wrazanu (nepasnoboxuit cxeamst- ‘earouptit yren) — 370 Tor me y3eR, HO NpH ero ngIKe BHANANIE LenaIOreR 3 uiNAra, a mane nce TAK me KaK MB OGUIMUOM cxRaTHtRAIOUIeM ane, 3 wunara OecmeMt- BaloT ToBBIMTeMHYIO ManexHocTE yana, OGszaTenbia naaKA erpAXOBONHOTO yaa (pie. $1 6) Obnomounsii exeamssearowyuit yren (npyeur, yoen Hpycuxa ~ Hassan no wwewnt Kapa TTpycuxa, xoropuili onucan yaen a 1931 roxy), Baska cxeaTis- Balomero yaa XOLOBLIM KOHILOM He Bcerna yaobHa. KpoMe Toro cXEATHIRAIOINE {yan oGkINHO BRKYTER penUNypaMit AHaMeTPOM 8 6-8 MM. FTpH cltmEHOM puIDKe powocr# oswHapHoro penunypa oxasuinaeTes HeRocTaTOWNO. Eel WemomB30- 46 BaTB BcrloMoraTenbiyIo Repenky Gonbulero AMaMerpa, oRBNAeTCA pHCK Toro, ‘ro ysen He savanetes. Cxsaretearoume ysat1 Xopoullo paBoTaioT mpi cHLABHOM PasniriNM AMAMETPOS NepHLIGHOM BEPEBKH Ht PeNLIHYpa, KOTOPLM 3aBKSaKE CXBA- ‘Tsmwatouusit ysen. Herb mm abixox? Ecte, Tocrynaiot cneayiounn o6pazoM: cxeamaseaioujuilysen aaacemen ne xodoatin konyoM, a nemaeii, CHaNaa BAKET- cox nem cmparoexu. Vs xyexa penunypa senaeTea KOMBO — 21yxan nem. Kowubi mnypa cexseisaoten mexcay cOOoH BcTpesHbiM Y3I0M ium rpefinsaliow Taree Konsuio pactarusaerca » cropowst TaKAM OGpazoM, 4TOGE! BcTpeNitsi yen HaXOAHLACA npHMepHO Ha OBHOR TpeTA aH NerTH. TlocsIe 3TOFO Ha KO PoTkoli nerae (ecm OTMEpsTE OT Yana) BRAETER ABOHLHO NpoROANHK, HM NevA CcTpaxonk rorosa K MpuNeHEHIAO. Y9ea MBOHHOH NIpOBORHNK BRAETER 3 COO6- paxcenna GesonacnocTH, Tx. Apolitad NETAN NpoAHee OAMHEPHOF ‘Accefivac paccMorpum, ax esoxeToa cxmaTuBaNOMTA Yel reset (pic. 82). a e Puc. 82. Onnodt pyxolt netas noasocirres K nepunsHiofl Repenke, a pyro ara BuyTps sToMt TeTAK MponycKaeTeN yses BOHHOTO MPORORHIKA, ABBAGI OGHE- CccHMEsit Boxpyr NepiLtsHOR Repenkat — Riu: ~ oT ceGa, uuepx — 1a cea, Baxare exsarsisaiouinit ysen nevaefi npocto, ynoGuo m Giictpo. Kpome toro, yaen clk MeTpHeH HW He HYAHO KOHTPo;MpoBATS NPM RAIKE, R KAKYIO Cropouty certs Iepstie 2 BUTKA, KAK IPH BRAKE XOROBHIM KOHLUOM. Eue 06 oaviow npmmeneHn cxsaTtisaouuK yarioe HanoMunaeT BH, Ta Hononsckiit 8 csoel xuure «Typinw ® uikoney: «IpH otcyrcTaNK saxHMOB exBaTHBAIOUIME Smt HCTOMSYIOTCR MPH BLITONHEHHN RepTHKANBHLX HO;KEMOR no oaoM WAM sByM ceoGomNO cryueHHBIM BepeekaM. Hors MH 3TOM cTOAT Ha erpemenax». Mie npuxoamnoce 370 senarb. Bnevarnenme we 13 aysuunx. Moit coser— aye Toro He aenars. Ascmpuiicnuli cxsamseaouul ysen (ascmpuiicxuli ouomounses, Augbmune co emponox, ysen Mowapa). Bein 8 Moet xusHH TaKOH cny- ‘ail, Hyxto Gsin0 warsiryrs Bepenxy onuenacrow, Ro non pykoll we oKNaS- oce HH OAKOTO penunypa 20" BASIC cexparumayomero yana. Cieryauui Gouna okeTPeMansHOl, iyacHo ObLNO ApH Pr. 83. \Marh kakoe To peutenne. TlonpoGosan MpHMetttTs ancrpHllcKHi exnarisaioute ysen ms Tol xe nepewku. H ace rlonysnnoce! 47Yoen eaxeroa Tax. Bepeska cknassioaetes pupoe, opasys nero. Ter- melt xenaiores 4 oGHoca OcHOBHOM nepenkit & CTOPOHY NpHKpeILIeHNE NepHA K ‘onope. Tipu atom nyacio caeaHTs, 4TOG8r sir (uLnarH) NOAHUTHCE POBHO OH soane apyroro. [locae veTsepToro uiaara B NeTINO NpOneBAeTes CABOCHHBIM KO envol Komen. K HeMy MpuKnanstsacres TAFa B MpOTHBONOAOAHY!O ABIEKEHHO burrxon cropony. Yen aelictayer apperrunuiee, ecai eras, B KOTOPYIO BUIERA- eres KopeHWoH Kove, GyAeT KOPOTKOM, IO AONOAHHTENBHO CKHMAET BITTE, sResaer yen KOMMaKTHEIM. BepOmoneuti ysen (3en «xo eaw).* Echt MyKHO TpHBX3ATb TON” kylo pepeary x Gone Toncroit nas ‘TaTH NlOA HOGHIM yraoM, cxemyeT BOC- OnMonaTKCR REPOTIORDHM Y3TOM. ‘Yaen oGnanaet Gomtbuium KomtHVeCTBOM xopounx xavecta. He apa JLH. Cxpa- AN 6 xaIHTe «MopcKwe Yann naskiea~ et vor ysen yansuTenusim. Bepo- _akooe Ye pH HATRRCHHH HE CKO Mr FH Bievo, HH Bnpano. Ero BCeraa nerko pasossaTb MaKe 8 TOM cay‘ae, eC (OW HaMOK H cHmBMO SaTaHynca. sen BEXETCH XOROBEIM KOHLLOM. (Cronopusit yren.* Tipu seinoanennn paGor 8 TMpowsiuutextioM aNbIlMHOMe M MPH craca- TembMEX paGOTAx OBOASHO YACTO BOSHMKACT HeoGKOMMMOCTE sANepAMBATS HaXORATUYIOCA ‘Hon HarsxeHHeM pepeaky. 370 muiiomHAeTcs ¢ ToMousio apyroH wepesKst, mpuKpenaensoH ‘cronopHBiM YaHiom X BepeBke, KOTOPYIO HY:«HO sanepxats. Ecni Tara BepeBK#, KOTOPYIO HyXk- Ho orranosuts, GyAeT BNpABO, TO XOROBOTT KO- eu cTonopHoit BepeBKH KIARYT CBEPXY BepeD- tar marom nneso. TloTom netaeron eite mar, 4H XoRoBOMt KoHeU cTOnOpHiol sepesKu BeneTeH Hancrpery fepsoMy H RTOpOMY MUIaraM, B 3a ‘xuM x, JAMIE’ BIPAKO BOKPYT BEPEBKH 8 O6- ‘uoxy, Aeman ee 1-2 uunara, W saxpenuanercn sion ¢e6R». ‘Camomopmosauuit ysex* —Gxypuan PETZL— 1998 r.) (Puc. 86) Boe onucannste » 3ToM pasneste yam Mox:to OTHECTIC k saTATHBMOUIAMEH BCMOMOTa- ‘TesIMIM YanaM, HO OHH Boe 2ke OTHECeHI K wnecy cnewtamenx yanon. Tp xiaccupuraut ysI08 ® TypHEMe Mere ‘cero yunrampaeroa nasHavenne, HyAwO soersa noMHHTE o6 sToM! 48 Puc. 86. 5.2. KapaGunmese exeatats ue yan Uenoneveckas MBICME HeyCTaNNO MilleT BOSMOMHOCTH NPHMEHCHNR Y30R 1B -MX HOBLIX KaveCTRAX, HO ROIMOKHOCTS YAYMUIMTL KAKHE-TO OTAENMBIE 1 coolicrea. Yaatibi OK@2aN0CK CONETAHME BEpEBKH C AIBTMANCTEKHMH KapaOH- nnawn, Bee sararupatonuiecs yak nocze cHTIR MarpysKH ¢ TPYHIOM MpHBORUTER 1B HeXOmHOe COCTORNMe, TX. JETIMYTHIE TETAN OCHS CHORHO PACTANYTE 20 ‘npexciux pasmepon. C npamettennest KapaGHiios 27a samava crana paspemiuno?. Cesamsieaouui¢ kapa6unom (xapaburnuit ysex). KapaGan x ocHosHoi (nepuaenoif) nepeske Kpenitca craamuteaioujus 210M, 10 TIOMYYEHNK KOTOPOTO apaGvt npwKaauinaeTcR AMHHRHO CTOpOHOH K OCHOBKOH sepesxe H TeM 2Ke CT1O- coBou, Kak BEKCTOR cxBATHIBAIOUUH yaen, MeTaeli BMKETER CxsaTEIBAIOMUH y>eN, Ho He BOKPY? TOALKO REpeDKH, 2 BOKPYT BEPEBKM H JLIMNNOH cTOpOHs! KapaGuHa. ‘370 osm cnoco6. Moxtio 2roro ake pesysrata OGHTECH waaNe. Cuavana nernel sxxetes oxpa- ‘upaiouit ysen, a saTeM cxBOSE Bce ‘rea yana, 3aRA2aHHOTO PenNKYpOM 1a ‘ochosHioM Bepeske, mpocterusaeTes Ka- paGuit, Tlocne 10ro, Kak KapabiH mpo- CcTerHyT leper RCE MATH ya, OF par opauiBaces Tak, "TOGLI ero AnH ‘topos Guna obpameia x ocKoBKo!t Puc. 87 epesxe. KapaGun oSssarensno mydry- aie erca. Yaen Baxnana ovette cxox ¢ averpalicxia cxparuisaiouinM yon0M. Ba- 2xeres ou crenyiouuin o6pasom (puc. 88). Kapa6iti ceoelt anunnolt croponolt MpHxnamtbaeTcx K OCHOBHO! epeske. Penumyp cknajiamaetea napoe, B Terao nevernsaetes xapaGui. Satem capoenitiM enumypom enactes He Menee 3 uuarom BoKPYr OcHOBHOH sepenKH H AIHHHOM cTopoms kapaGana omospenenno. Pen- Pa, 88. ‘UNyp MpH KaxAOM BirTKe pocrerMBacrcs 8 xapaGun. Toa HarpysKoR yses pion act KapaGuit x nepeRke t HcKONAeT ero Tepememenue. J{nx mepememennx yana AOR Bepenkn cxeayeT CHATS HArpy3Ky € yaa i, Noxasiteag, MOTAMYTE € CHIOM Ka a6 or ocHontoft epenku. Ysem Pac. 89. lomyexaer saramytie mera. Tlocne store MoxHO JBMraTb KapaGiH BHOTb Be- penxa (nepu) 8 060M HanpanensH. Kapabunnsiit exeamneasouuit yxea (pc. 89). 4953, Kapa6uaunie yaansn AatbnunnereKse KapaGumul 80 wHoroM OBsIer‘HLMH YenoBeKy sanany 22- pemmenns wepenxat na nope (Ha pembesbe Hni Wa MipoxiineniHBtx KOMCTPYKUM- x). OnW %€ TosPORKM NpoHIROAUITE NpORePTHBaHNe RepeRKI ROKPYT onopsL ‘Mocae cmTycka venoReka BHI Ha NOCHE CoRepueHA Neperpast Daa nonyesus kapaGunnol yoaexu ia Kone BepenkH amKeTCR BHANANe MOGoH Yen, oSpanyioumii Hezatarunaiomyioca nner. Typuctet oGuNHO oTaaioT npenTion- ‘Texte mponostunny socauepre. B uexarari- BAIOMYVIOCH NeTAO ncTerMRaeTCR Kapaut, XN Xoaos0h Koneu © KapaGuHom oGuociTes ‘BoxPyF onfopt, locne wero & KapaGH were- Puc. 90. ‘rigaerca KopeHiofl Kone BepeBku. ITpH Tare 28 KopenHol KoHeL BepesKH ynae- a savarupaeres. Een xe noTaHyT» 3a kapaGHH pH noMoN BcnloMoraTenbHOl Bepenkst H oTMycruTs KopeHHO KONE (CiUETE HArpY3Ky), TO Kapabun Mauer ‘CNeWATbCA ATOM RepeBKH H NpH 3TOM NOTaHET (sa Y3eT) 3a COOH H caMy BoH Peony. Ilepusian nepenka, cxenys 3a kapabioM, Gyiter nponepyra. 5.4, Topmosamne kapaGununte ysmut Topmosnsie (momorauue) ysast. Yaen YHAA (y2en noxcapnoze, «no- AyMaxmoewit bpocoxy). B.xxqure «lllkona ansnuuussa» 06 3TOM yane HenMeao cnemyoulee: «sen YHAA (ysen Mexzyiapowioro coiosa aTbrMHKCTeRI aC- Coumatora) mpriMeHxercn AX AAHAMHMECKOR CTpAXOBKG TONBKO Ha MAFKOM 37a cruHOH Bepeake. Ha xcecrKof Bepenke on HerpuienuM. Mnaptioe mpaBiio 2aTONGHTb B KapaGHtl BUTKH yaa, y4HTTAIRAg MPH 9TOM HanpaBTeHHe BOIMOKHOTO patexan, B 6pontiope «KapaGurnue yssin Pacropryesa 1 Crmutxonofi anucato: ¥sea npuensetes 8 cirryanniax, Kora HeoGxosHMo NpOTpARAHBAt® BEpeBKY B ave etoponss. Y3en npHMeHseTCR AK JIMHAMMMeCKOfi cTpaxXOBKH, syle Ha Na kak Bepeaxax. Hilorta ero npuewnoT w KavecTae TopMosHoro yorpolleTsa TPH Cnyeke no RepTHKaMeMBIM NepHUTaM, HO B 9TOM cay'ae Of GexGoxHO ToprHT OM ETRY RePeBKH, OcoGeHHO Ha OTEYECTREHHLIX 2kECTIIX BepeBKaXy. HecKoNAKS stanee no texcry: «TIpn nepemene Hanpasnenva JRIDKEHIIN RepeRKH, y3eN Mepe- ‘epwerex wa Kapa6uNe, CoXpaHIMB PHCYHOK, i BysleT paGoTaTs B APyTyIO CTOpO- ys, TIpartusecki nocroauio npriwe- wan yoen YHAA pit paGorax npo- MomTeHNOM aneMMEEMe, # npMUeR x ‘ceayoniN suIBOaM: = ow o¥eHs ya06eH pH Henone sOuaMn B KasecTSe 1 Puc. 106, SaxnMei oaMoctoponnero neHcraHs Ges pysKH, H2O6paKcHAL wine: 2a 2xum Topesyka; OTKpsiToe rowoxceHe J 3aKNANKH nepeBKH (Duc. 107 a); pa Govee nonoxerne duxcaunn (pic. 107 6), a saxsanu c pyxkoll — ax yaoGorea nepestiexenns OKymap) wa pic. 108 9 Puc. 107. Saxnmer aByxcroponmero jelicrais nomyeKaioT cnoGoaoe nepemewtenne ‘uonb vepeakn 8 OGorNe HanpanenuEx. Hipke HI0GpEDCHI GAOK-TOPMOSE! 3KC- LuciTprKonofi, kimono « paxnoil cucreM (pic. 109), a TaKKe IKHM ZHy- ‘ctopowero aeftctann “PLiGka"”: Bix CGoxy c 2aTOXeHHOM Repenkoli w Heltrpamb- How ncaoxeRHH (pic. 110 a); sux evepxy (Puc. 110 6). 56 Puc. 109, Puc. 110. Ta saxpennesux ua tpoce pumetmtor tpocosure (pic. 111 a) yuupepcanbrbie (pc, 111 6) axcuest- ‘TpiKosuie sexu. Puc. 111 B 80-x rr. paspaGoramer Hasan MenomaonaTLes 2axRaTbt, KOHCT- PYKTHBHO OGueuuenHe ¢ GpHKUKONHEIMA TOpMOaHDIMK yerpolicTBAMH B ‘eanuoe enyckonomsemnoe yerpoiicrno. Ha nepssill waraaa, MORET noxasaTECR, YTO RCE HOTOKENHOE BU B 3TOM ppaazene x yssias npamoro oTHoteHI He MMceT. Ho sawalire OOparHMcR K TOs ‘Kopomy cnosapio B.[lans. 70 oanavaet cx0B0 «yen»? Ynraen: «Yaems — nepe- ‘Boil FHGKIX KOMONE M sav¥oKKa Xb, taRerka, Yanks ARAYTCR paNHMbIM Hepe- Boew». «[lepenolt ~ nepenunars (nepennecrn iuiH o6RiTs, nepe(o6)MoTaTk», Tipunenas TopMosiue nprenocoGnenvs i 2axBATEL, ot HAMETUIBAEM REPEDKY Ha ‘sTo-m4G0 HK OOsHBAEM e10 “ITO-nHGO HLTH YRIIARHIRGEM ee OnPeseNeHALIM O6pa- 30M, Bepenka m co¥eraHni ¢ npucnocobitenuamn oGpazyer yaen (cpasuite ¢ ‘TepMHHOM «ez 8 MamunHOCTpOeHMH). Boe yanb (OBaKTHR), npHMenaeNse ¢ ‘TopMosMBINH NPHCHOCOBeHHAMH H.C 2aXRGTAMH OTHOCRTER K KNacey creutHaN= -HbIx, n nosTomy paccwarpasaiorca # 270M passee. Cxena saxpenienua sepesku € mopsomom npucnocoBrenuu muna amxa (6a6o%xa).* Bee paccMorpemue saech Topmommie yerpolicraa HMCIOT calle par auvimmse woaudixayit. Hanpniep, eocemepxu Guieaior paautioro pasMepa, © -kvextan 1 Ges kHextO, ¢ noltibin kxextou. JTenecmuu ecth fipankle M eet, Kerarm, nenecran wsrorostennire 43 amloMMNMeBLIX crinaBoR OCH’ HeNPOUH, A nooromy onach n npuMevenunT, 5 ox0GpH0 seHiCTBHR CBOCTO SHaKOMOTO Ty icra, KoTopsth, BBIMuLE Ha paGoTy & nM Hs TypKEYGoR, MosIOTKOM MepenoMan 37semi rink aniowinmenix «aerecrxon», eM enae MHioxceeTRO wate MOnO- ox 1ypHCTOR, a cRoero HavAZHHKA OT HeNpHATHOCTE. 3HAIO OF TYPHCTOR, 70 tr. Kpactonape ® onto mpenx KTO-T0 HICOTORH MATH THTAKORBX “reiecT- kop» ~ oT ttt ornevalor"peSoBalniau TpowioeTi. Panasn, upnaensewtie ®MpO- osunsennow arbmiase, TaK ke elor canbe Pam” KOKETpYR- tut: + ncrpewan Gonee 10 pasaninix opm, Mpeararaio dopmy pam, 1a Wohi aaraaa, sanBonee yn06xy0 ‘nk paGot. Baas ec 3a ocHony, moboii oer xopa6orars ce non ce6x Dopua npeacraanict Hs ce6a ax Gat capoewni0 BocoMepry € roiexmams, B waite ornepcrin ecrerueatorcs xapaGun. Cayex ocyuecraaser- 8 no 2 nepeskan, 270 Bo-nepain, rapaupyion GesonacHOcT, a, BO-PTOPEIX, omonser ocytecransrs xeiomerine MasrHinxoM. TloosepenHo, wipanmtnas panyo Writ eayio NepeDRY, MOXKHO YON O Tee MAeDO HID! ANpaBO. Be- perio kpenTex x nepxsinekapaGutia pau, wanpuep, yam YHAA,w dite Cnpyworer netaawin Ha wtexTax. MORO HenOmAoRaTS PaMky 1 KAK OB:KYIO octwepry. K nicaiine kapaGnian panic spenirex GeceOna. BaGouru Wesante- tpn nposenennm eacarensxwex paor. Onn oven mpocts 1 AOR Tpumenermm. Jlannyo KOHCTpYKUMIO MHe npemioxH Baankmup 3aiiues. Mpea- ‘saraio TO TEXHMYECKOE YCTPOFICTRO HasBaTs babouxa Jaiyesa. Puc. 112. 6. Eye nennozo 06 yanax. Exwemsesto paGoraa c nepenkolt, peuiaa paaniuiuie ciryalonHble 3a%2- 4H B NPOMBITERHOM aNEMINNENe, NPOBOMR SaHLATHA H TPeHNpOBKH ¢ YAMIN 8, A NOCTORHHO HMEIO JED ¢ YANN. ¥ MEHR ECTE HECKOEKO HAXOOK, KOTO- PEIN & xoTeN Gt Nonemruce. HenomkayR MpHHIMIT BA2KH OCHOBHKX Y3NOB, 5 paspaboran wonwie. B Poccui noi warepuan myGaukyetce srepsuie. JIna yraep- 2kxeHHX anropcTea Ha paspaGoTanubIe Yami Hx exeMLL ¢ ONHICAHHEM cnoco6a aakH Hanpaaienst Molt p CIA 8 mrrar Operon w awry mobwreneh msn ys- non. Bor 97H anti Tposoduux «deoiinan eocemepra» Ifa _xoea, B orawsine OT OmMMapHOH BoceMepKH TpO- ‘Romika, B REPXIHO! NeTmO yaa TIponesaeTeR ‘cmonentan rononaM NeTAR, KaK pH BABKE OH Noro nposomwuxa. Kax 18 npofiHtom mponoaKHKe a7 nets ocrammaeTcx 3a yaioM 1 nepeGpacsteacrom eper neck yaen, nocne Wero yaen 3aTArMEAeTER, CCrpaxonontinie Yast He HyAH Puc. 113. 38 Aayxnemensnsii ascmpuiieruil mposod- mux Haxoaa. ¥3en sexerea, KaXx 1 OGHUNEIR af ‘cTpuicknil npoponwitk, HO ONTE xe HIpH saBep- eH yaa B RepeBONHELe KOABUIA MpoeRaeTeH cnomensiax rlononas ners. Cana nevas 8 y3en He Puc. 114, nponeprusaetcs, a nlepekimunaeTcx wepes yen cBepxy. Tlocne storo yses 3aPI- rupaeres. Tleyxnievenuiult ancrpulicenit nposozsx mysine HCHONSSOBATD Ha KONE ‘BepeBKH H Ha MATKHX penlUHYpaX. Koncmpuxmopunit nposoouux Maxosa. Cuavana 10 oGpasoeanna nnerni pepesxa ckiaibisaetca winoe. S70H nerneli No NpHMUMTTY BASIOH y3mIa KOH expHropa BXKETCA Yeu ¢ HesaTarURaIOntelicn neTTef. ‘ro esMHCTBeMHBIH ysen WS BcexX Mpososvikoa, KoTopHtl act, KaK NOKASAM HenBITaHn, HAHNeHBUINH KorpuuNeNT focaGnenua sepeskn — Boero 5 %. Ipyrux anon ¢ TaKW HeComimnn KoxpypHtMEH ‘rom ocnaGnewns wer. Crpaxonosnte ysnit He HYPE Bepenka » 210M yane oKaxaack Oc Pac. 115. sa6rennolt wensue, ¥eM Berne mpH neperuGe vepes kapabun. JJM Toro, SToGkt YoHAMTS NpONHOCTE NeTAM, HX HYAHO ccnenats 2 Teoinoi koucmpuxmopuuii nposoduux Mamoea wxxetex cHaans, KaK HW npenistayuuill, Ho npHt aanepmieHHM B Hero npomesacres enOMeNTAA BABCe NeT- ‘ns, Cawa nleTaa ocraBnaeTes 34 yam H TepexnteisacTea Hepes Hero. Cueto yrepxnart, 470 Npoulee yana moan eme He npaymann. Hers ‘TANNA Ha pasphin HOKARaIIN, 41O RepeRKA MPH CHABNOH TATE Ha PaspHis PBETCA, ‘re yroaHo, Ho Me w Y3ne HE Ha flETIAK Puc, 116. Eute onto xopomee cxoflerao yana ~ 970 TO, 470 OM AocTaTONHO 2erKo passsouipactes. Pocmoeckuit nposoduur Hanoea waxercs 1a KOHe BepeBkH: BHENANE Bexeton npocman deaamca. ZaveM Kpalinioro Neto € KOPeHHOTO KOHLLA HYAHO Nepemecrirs Ha xOMOBOM KOHEM H BCE ETA BLIPOBHTS. 59B o6e oSpasosanuinecs coesHeHbIe JAKPHITNE NeTAH MpOeBRETCA Tpe- ‘Tea, cocamumoan 4x, eT. o Puc. 117. ‘Yoea sansaaH. Crpaxonounie yantt He BOXYTOR. ‘Tak xax yan paspaGoranei Ha ociloue YAKE HIBECTHBIX, TO M HAMBAHNA wat aan cooTsetcrsyiouite. Mosoasie TypHeTaM To aHaNOrMH C HasBaNHAM speccHbtx yanon GyzeT nerve OcBOrETS ONMCANHBe B ITOH TARE VIRB ‘Axetpifickidi nposozsmx mo ARHKeHINO paGovel TeTIH MO:xHO YenOBHO asear «onHooGHocbiM». Tlo aHANOrHM MONO 2anRATs OMYTOPA-, IBYX-, ARYX-c-TIOnOBHHOM-, TpexoGuocHste ascrpalicrte npononnuk. TIpH BASKE ITH yalioe paGowaa neria nponeracres ® CHBOEHMBIe SaKPHTWE nermn (KaNDIUIKH) Inocae conepurenua evo 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3-x o6HOCOR, ‘Bulow romyvenntim nposomHAKaM & Aan CeAYIOUUE HEDBAHIE: Szimomnacoet mpoccinas ano. depatnacned npoeodx Mane. Puc. 118, ~ dayx-e-noaveunoi o6uocuolt npo- codnux Hamoea. Puc. 120, 60 — mpexobnocuoll nposoduux Iaxoea Puc, 122. B 1981 rx paspaGoras yaen na ocHoRe npocroro yan. Ovets yso6en 8 pwnenen, :X. niocKocTs paGoweli nesamscuaaowelen newn pacrionaraetex nepneHsvixysspHo Bepeake, Ha xoTOpOR sapkaH stor ysen. Hentomayx sTor yen, nerxo penifrs MpeneTsi paamituiolt GopMb! B NOABEUIeNHIOM COCTOAHIE. nowouuio sroro yaaa x eaenan nepenounisl pyxoxo) JM saKsTA croprOM. Heaoctarox yana CocTOH 8 TOM, #70 eF0 MOMHO 3GRK08T TONGKO ONHIRM KOH 1woM. Tposoduux (nosssi) Mamoea. Pu. 123, Bempeunuit xonempurmop Hlanoea. ‘So ysen (puc. 124) MoKHo Ot Bo nasa sempevinu epetinsainoy JnKeTeR OH No avianoriM € rpeiineall- Pata HOM: cHavamia KoHeTpHETOP BOKPYT \auiwoft onopsi, a 3arex, no npunuITy exSKH ncTpeHX yanon ~ deck yaen. Tpit Tom xozoBoli KOHe! BTOPOM BepeBKH NPOnYcKAeTER B Yea HABCIpeNy XOOLOMY Kony nepsoti nepeski H n TOHNOCTH NlosTopseT Ace ee HEITHGH! M HeperLeTeH. Bempeunsiit dcoiinoit xonempuxmop Manoea. Veen auanorwuen npembayuie- My, Mo CHaNaNIa BIOKEM XOAOBLIM KOK- WOM nepvofi sepenxn aBOHHOR KOHCT- DlikTop, a 3aTeM, XONONLIM KOHLOM toe ‘TOpofi nepeakn sosxsbisaem ysen, coOmoxaN npHNAN BcTpeNHOrO yana. Yaer 61ROBOMEMO cHoMeH 8 vcrOMHeNHM, Ho MMeeT pea npenMymecrn. PanHoe H2 HX To, ¥ro ysen noche cusTHx HarpysKu (TarH) Aerve pasessars Kpowe yanos npeanaraio sapiaitr agaKi HOcILTOx, KoTopkill A npHiAyMan Ht © YenexoM npHMetiai Ha cnacarenbabIx pa6oTax rps Tparieriopruposke nocrpa- nawax, Basxa nocusox us sepesru u odnoit meepdu. Bepetea Gyxta ocwoanolt epenkn (40 — 50m), Ha Kone aaRsabIeaeTeR Yen npoRodnUK eoceMepKA C Gommot paGovel nevaelt. Jlanee uepenka yknanbiBacrem poBHIIM 3HT3arOM. Paswax eran ® sursare nomKeH Gute pasett npuweptio 180 cm (emoBevecknit ocr). Bee (!) neran sursara HeoGxomHMo caenars mo BOsMOANOCTH OAHHAKO- uiwal Ha pepenxy ceepxy pacctwiaotes 2-3 KapHMaTa Hm KapuMeT, nanarka, CchambHvKu W ANYHBIe BEM nocrpanasuero. Ha KoBpHKe ykamuBaeTes NOCTpA- ash, JIsa NenoneKa nepxat Ha nlocTpaxasiunM wecT (sepa), a npoe apy- ‘rx, KaPksbI CO CBOeM CTOPOHDA, HANMHAIOT WIMYPORATE NTA, HANMMAR OT YaIa nporomHika nockMepeH. ITepnas netns (pabouas ferax BockMepxtH) aeprunaes- (oa sTopylo nporumonionoantyio eH neTMO. Ta, 8 eBO10 ONEpERD, B TPETEIO — pon Hee H T.A., Te, KEKAA MpENIUYINAR NeTAR NponeRAeTER B MOCHeAYIO- tyre. Konent sepenkn aaxpeniaserea moGnIM Ya10M K caMoll Repenke. Tlepem nomeemom Hocia0K netaM uiMyposkH Monpanamorcs, nenaerca Gonee panuonepuoe ux pacmpeneneune. Ecan penbe ¢ GonbilMl KoniYeCTBOM KPYWIX HomBeMOS H CHYCKOB, TO PexoMeNayeTCa Kpaliue M eMTpANBHAe NETH ‘ocucsHoft nepeskn 8 2-3 mecTax npnHaliTosHTe K -epAM TOHKOH sewTO! wm umypom. Floctpanasuiero oTemsHo OT HOCHTOK NpHEASKIBAIOT XOTS Bsr B ONHHOM Mecte K XepAH, MpHeM, JenaereH 970 Tak, ¥TOGU TpaHcropTHpyiouMe Me soswoxHocTs Guictpo ero orsxsart. Tlocrpaaaswiero uecyr ronovoll snepen B ‘OGkIHHOH cHTyALUIN, Ho Ha enycKe ~ pnepen Horan Yaret na sancmynas. ‘Mute nceraa moBorsiriio HaBmOxaTE 28 TYPHCTAMM, KOTOPHIC MHXO BIOKYT -mo6ite Yanbt Ha RepeBKax i cravloarTeR GecrioMOIHGIMH MPH HEOBXOAMMOCTH sanuan, rancryx. OGkI4NO ONM MpoceT HOMOUIK y EMH. B TOM eCTb, KO- eto, CHO pez0H, Ho... TYpHCT, On, KaK rosopies, HB A@pHKE TypHCT ~ NOs “xeltnce yMeTh slenaTe cau, Tew Go.1ee BsSaTE Yan, 2 REN] SPAT] aia nponoxesnn nocieamx 20 aer MeN O¥eHb aaHKMan aonpoc: “Ha ‘ckomKD TOT HIM HOH ysea ocnaBinker nepenKy’”” Moe aoGonsiremo yaanoce yaosnetsoputs. Ha Yepaune wie npencranitack BoaMoxHOcTe pa6oTaTh Ba Gopatopni no MecnenoBAHItO NPOSHOCTH pasMMNLX MaTepHasO® (coMpOTHRE- ux werepwanon). Ha aMHaMOMeTpHYCCKHX MaMIKHEX GEO NpoBeseHo Goer 1440 wemsrrani. Btuno pasopsano Gonee 2-x TaicaY MeTpoE KarIpoHoBoll Repes- xi OcaGnense npoxnocm Bepeoxn KuxKIOM Yare onpexeNAIOc Ha 12-TH fomrrax. JIysuini a xynuIHH peaymbrarss, Kak cmyxallue, He yuHTHIBATHeE, OC- ‘Tutsi — oGpaGaramaics cootsercreyiounn oGpazou, Bot 1Tor 9rolk pa6o- TH. ‘Tepsemas npowsocrs nepenku m yarex ‘Ysen Benwanua tepnemom poawocra sepenku, % Tipawcht 40 a6 “10 40 Traw ‘oxono 40 Tpefinsain 3 Bymun (x onope) — 35-40 [Crpena 0 25 Koncromerop 0 25 Zeon xowcrpmcrop 20 25 Bocewepia nposonsini 0 25 JleneTxa npononiK 0 25 Ulkorosst 50 Yan 20-25, Koneraaropnnili npoposuine S10 ofinoH KoNeTpHICTOpHIIH NpOBORIIAE 3 '¥se1 npowomimKa = 35-40 Zeoiinoi npowosmnK 35. 7, Hayka 06 yanax B xone paxnerua HaykH ace wamle HaGmonaeTeN BIaHMONPOHKKHOREHHC commu 2¢ weTuell B apyrue, Hx cHHANHe H HCnOMIOEaHKe ZocTHAEHKH. Coexu Inpuuep — nocaemie ROCTIOKEHHA B TEOPIN Yan0B, Kpaline ChoxHO! MazeMaT- Necrow aNCWMUTANe, IMEEOUIEH, B HacTHOCTH, Gombuioe aNAuENKE TPH pewIeHt dynaametrransieo npoSnest coupemennol dusixat. Venex snecs mpuatien B pe- AYAMTaTe MpHMENEMUX OBOILMO NPOCTHX cooOpAKeMA Hs CePA KIACCHME- ‘cKO dieu. B Tevenne o MeNbilell Mepe CTONETHA MaTeMaTAKK MITMOTeR OTAICKATS 64 aihbexrmiate MeTOTE, NOSBOIAIOUIKE ONpenEAATE, eM ON yen OTANIaeTER ‘or apyroro. Jlo tenasiero spemes 14 2Toro cymiecTBoBAIM MeTOnK:, paspaGo- ‘rannsie nim 9 20-e rr. wamiero Bexa, oxtaKo 8 80-x rr. 1 w 2TOf OGmacTH TpO- woouren nepesopor, Gnaronaps orxpsrrato «riomanoMa JpxoyHcaD, waxBaHHoro ro WMEHH HoposenanincKoro Naremanika Borana Jbkoynea. Bostitxna onan AMIR ATAKK Ha OCHOBE qiEsHTeCKOTO MoAKOAA, PACCMATpHALOUIETO SHepeUIO ‘yanoe. Yuerie pannnvare pannbie Yanbi BAKHO Me UIA Toro, OG paaGuparsen 1 mHoroo6pasi yanon, KoTOpHIe Yuatex BRxate GoficKayri, to Mpocrediun auGonee ecrectaetutt sacra exyrali oxeus BaxHOlk mpoGneNe Kax One cave pasinlly MEATY PALTAHHINH TIYTAM NpOHMKKORENHR OxHOTO NpoCTpaNcT- ‘ apyroe. [pobiena sta nom Tes HH MHBIMH CONAN ROSHHKZET BO HCEX oGnactax waremarHKn, TIpaxtiieckoe NPHMeHeHHe TeopHH Yanoe OxpaTsIRaeT H awarpamMc Definmaita 8 KBaHTODO! GuouKe, H paspesarine monexyn JUHI chep- ewTawnt B Gvoxinim. Jbne MaTeMETHKOB XC HCTAKHAX NpHBAeKATEMBHOCTE ¥3- JOB COCTONT B HX NOMHOH HEOAWAAHOCTEH NpHPOAC, & CAMA, KAKYLLAREA MPO ‘cro, sansa onpenencnnx paxmHunil MexIY YaTANH MOMET NPHBONHT K ORD _enio HOBBEX MHoToOGeMIsiOULi HaNpABNEHMit TEXHHYECKIK HaykAX, B marewaruxe yen onpeaesserca Kak 2aNKigmax nemtee & mpexepnon ‘npocmpavemae — nox06H0 KycKy GeseRRM, KOHUS KOTOPOM ckieeH. BMECTE. Tisa yana doduwaxoeus, 2. monosozwiecku sxeusanenmae, eCXU npu sdimazi- ean w weube oxpyoeaiouezo wx npocmpavcmaa oduH Ur Ku Moacem Guime dedpopreuposan 6 dpyeoi. TuoSax neras, neopanpyeMax TaKKM cnOCoGOM 6 ‘ONpYAHOCTE, He ECTS Yoea, TOrA KAK nce OCTABHDIE — uemuNeLe Yar. HdeHHO ‘97a cpo6ona meshopmauian yanon H eAer Hx Cronk sanyraKHKiMN. HrOGK NOK SATE PASMIMe BY YM100, MATEMATHK LOMKEH HOY'HTE nce BOSMORUIE Ne*pop- Manu, MOryINe CANE HX ONIAKOBLN. Bee wssecTuwe oKaaTeMscTHa PASTNYKK Y3I08 CBEIACH B KONE KOHYOR axOREHHTO «HHRApHAHTORD — CBOHCTB, OCTAIONUXEA MPH AehopMALLAH HH Meira, Ja yana, unelouue pasmeanie wneapuanmes, donacie Brim mono~ tozuvecku omnia. Kniowesolt uisapraurt 20-x rr. (cnaccnmeciil nepon Teopi yanoR) Goi orxperr Tbe. Y.AneRcaHepom, ameprxancinm waremarixon. Hammam Atex- ‘candepa ~ >70 anreGpansecxoe Buiparrerme, OTHOCAUIEECR K sHOGOMY any. Y>- ‘us, so romHoMst Anercariepa paxiiriaioTes, He MOry Ours nesopMnpoBasta ‘oni » apyrofi. K coxanenino, oGparuoe ymuepnene HesepHo! Yank € OmHHM H TeM Xe TloMAHOMOM ATeKcalUIepa Heo6maTEMKHO TONOHOTHIECKH. 2KBIH nesrmus, Mpocteiiunt nprep ~ piiponet trax nassinacmtih GaGit — yarn Onn unteior nnesrusnise nonAoMs! AneKcaMnepa, Ho TOMONOrMeCKH OTHHNa- tore apyr or apyra. Bueuiie nommnom Jixoytca cxox ¢ rosmHoMoM AneKcaliaepa, Ho nomy- eH conepwlenHo JDYTHM MTYTEM ~ c MOMOUIKIO MaTeMaTHNECKOH GuAHKH, Ox 65‘vacTo npuwocur yenex Tag, rae nonHoM Anexcaynepa nacyer. B acrHocr#, nonmioust J}xoynca ia pudosoro M GaGsero yanos paxmeants. 970 TOTHYeCKH Gesynpesoe NomTaepxnenue TOro, 470 AaBHO WaRECTHO NOKONEHMAM GoficKay- ‘08 ~ Ga6ull ysen HMeHKO TOT, KOTOPEII JaBRIBIBAIOT HORNE, Hossili meton onpenenenus pasaicndi Mexny yarann ocHoskipaeTea He ‘Ha MomHHoOMax, a Ha onpeeeHHOM sHCNe, HemoneayeMoM Kak MiBapuastr. Ho- XOmMK HneA BOCKOIMT K paGoTe I. Oapy, orHocamelics x 1929 r. Tpencranste cce6e sanasbinaHne y31a M3 AAMHHOTO pesHmoBorO cTep~xni. YeM cnorwce yen, ‘TeM cumbHee NpHXOAMTeR crHOars CTepKeH, “TOGLI 3aBKATS ero, H TeM GON _uryio snepewo ynpyzocmu oH pHoGpeTaer. Ho ee nrepeciee snepeemuveckat Konyenyi YI BHICAARHT We C ‘TouKA speHK ynpyroCTH, a c TONKH spenHs snexrpocrarKu. Ee NpeATOKWA 8 1987 r. C. @ykyxapa ws Toxwo. TIpeacrassre ce6e ysen 43 rH6Kolt nposonoKH uxcuposanioH atuust, xoTOpas, ecm HeOGXONIMO, MOXKET MPOXOSHTE ‘eper cauy ce6a. Tlo uceli ee suiMie omWopoao pacmpesenen ssextpocraTHueckuit sapea. Tlockontxy ommnaxonuie sapais OTraIKMRRIOTCR APYT OT APYTa, y2en, KoTOIHIM MoxeT cBOGOmHO ABHTATECS, PACTONOKHTCR ® Mpocrpaxcrae TAKHM ‘oGpatoM, wTO6H AepxKaTE cocemHHe BeTBH KAK MOXHO HANDIMe H CBECTH TAK ‘oGpasom a1exrpocrarMeckyio SHEprHMiO K MIKLIMYMY. Sto MUMMANLHOe sHae- He sHeprHn H ECTS McKOMIult MMBapuaHT. Ho p em ero riomtaa? Hwcer mt ox mpocrue, ecrecmenmue cvoficrsa, KOTOUMH MOrYT BocrlomOBaTICA MaTeMaTHKH? B 1991 r. Jbxyx O"Xapa 3 ‘Toxwiicxoro yausepenrera «MetponoamTe> noKasan, W70 Anmuanenaa 2Hep- 21 yzna nelicrarrembio ynenunnaeten 10 Mepe ero yeroxnenns, CymecTayer AMIS OrpaKNeNtoe KONITYeCTHO TONONOTHMECKH PANMHSHBIX YaOB © OHeprHei, Mewsmelt wm pasHio mo6omy esGpaHHoMy anaveHMo, 3to OzauaeT, TO TO- onorweckwe THNBI YuI08 MoryT OXITb samaHss sHavenMaMu ux auepran. Cyute- ‘oTayer HaTypaNbHas SHCAORAX UIKaNa CHORHOCTH YaN0B, HaYMMOMANCS C NpO- Tux yanon c HHSKO IMeprueit H MponoKaHOMaKcK Gonee CHOAHKIMH C Bom mei sHeprnel. Kaxwe xe yaa npoctelimme? B wesanwen ssinyexe xypHana «Bronne- ‘Temp Amepuxancxoro MaTenatuveckoro OGuiecraa» Crus Bpalicon i: 3HMcoP ‘cxoro Hcesenosatestsckoro uetrpa HACA n Kanwdoprun, Maiixn Dpuasas Bani ixei-xans 13 Kamabopuniickoro yautepcurera 8 Can-TIiero 1 Xo "been 10 ¥6 TIpunctoncxoro yrmsepcHTera oKasHBaIOT, TO NPOCTeMIMIMe Yast ~ Kak a3 Te, NTO BMI H OAWLIReTe. ITO KKPYTABIED OKPYAHOCTH, T.e. OKPYAHOCTH HX oGursHoM nowmnsannM. TononoraM (@ COKPYAHOCTIOy B HX HAYKE, KAK MPARILNO, waorHyTal M ckpy4eubl) NpHxXOAHTER AOOARAKTE TO MpHAaraTenbHOE, TOG HO owwrTs ce6e, 470 GkIBAIOT— KaK B HAHHOM caysae ~ M OBKIUHE, 66 Pusposwit ysea. «Biabuit» yren. S83 8&3 Puc. 128. Puc. 129. Proust m GaGuit yams HMeIOT omniaKOBKIE TlOMHOMM AneNEaNAepa, ops ronOROrHsecKH OF paaKiH. Yaen Kunowumst — Tepacaka. 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Mapespooea sepenox 26 Mapruposowit 27 Menuet 28 Memon 29 Oxeanctt 30 Tlomyexaaromaronit 31 TIponoaine ascrpticnnt 32 Tlpowosuca 33 TIpononine socenepra 34 Tipoeanim ssotnon 35 Tiponoaionxacemmes 36 Mpocron ery 37 Tipoctoi nomyurrstk 38 Mpoeroa 39 TIpocrof mmx 40 Tipmiot 68 3 28 49 2 32 10 1s 4 B 48 27 19 24 23 63 31 30 15 38 32 36 39-41 39 B B 30-31 45 16-18, 8,25 9,25 16 38 20-21 21 25-27 78 7 78 80 Ths 38 Pagossit zpofinoit 4a Padonsi 41 PorGauxas neta 18 Camoropwosnutiit 48 Coumoosat 39 Copii 34 Cnacarens (BPCY) («Kaxauni ysem>) 41-42 Cronopwit 48 Cronopatii Ponno6ina 20 (Crpaxonownt 8 Crpenx 34 Cesarusaou 46 (Cxsarsnaromndi ancrpaiicxstt a ‘Cxsaruzaionpel xapaSuninstt 9 (Cxsarisaroupel nepastoSoxatt 45 (Cxsaratnaronveit Soros (npycm) 46 Conarezsaiouni ¢ xapaGunon 49 ‘Oxnarssaronne ¢ 3-s marae 6 «Teun 28 Traxoon 29 Topwostiof «rpi mensxa» SL «Tpansnoi 28 ‘Tpoftuod nnerensii 18 Ynasxa 37 Yaaoxa sevaruparomascs 39 Yaanea kapo6uunan 50 Yan aa prsGononurx cnacrel 43-44 YMA (ysen noxaproro) 50 Wixorossth 31-32 reax nepesepnynuit (nempaniinsuit) 21-22 rsx puGauxait 2 Uruix co mnarox 2 Weepensiit 20 (Creunanpaute yanti, npuneuiembie ¢ saxnarasu (samHMAMI): Eaon-mopxores Topemaya aan 56 Kyuap 56 Knewowa Canena 56 «PuGK sax 37 ‘Tpocoput oxcuetrpikoBsi aaxHoe 37 ‘Yansepcamat oxeweverpaKoBil xxHM 37 ©Crewuauuute yarns, npamensemnie ¢ ropmosiesnn npuettocobnennamn (ycrpolicr sas): Aamobroxupyiouueca puxquonnsre yempoitcmea: 81 Tlenuna 55 82. Cepapunoss 55 Topmosise npucnocoBnentn, Gnoxupyrouue sepeaxy 82. Byreas Mywrrepa 54 84 «Bochwepxay € kHexTOM 55 88 WllenectoK 54 86 Pama» («GaGouxar) 57-58 Topmosnste npucnocoBrenun Ger eozxoxenocmu GxoKupoaxu sepeskss 81 «TpyGxan 56 88, UafiGa Tnoera 54 Yanm Maxosa: 89 wAsctpuiicenti ckopusexrsiin 34 90 Berpesnnili nnolinoi koneTpHKTOp 61 9 Berpermutl xosterpikrop 6 92 Fpelinnattx asotinolt 31 93 TIposommux (wows) 6 94 TIposonsix nsolinas soceMepKa 58 95 THposonie apolinoli xoucrpweropHisi 59 96. Tiposonsx aByxoGuocnoft 60 97 Tipononmux asyxnterenbusit anerpiticxstt 59 98 Tipononsmx 2,5-o6xocHofi 60 99 Tponomak aeyxuinaronuit 60 10) Tiposomix koucrpuxropHsit 39 101 Tponomunx oasounarosii 60 102 Tiponomie «Pocroscxsiy 59 103 TIpoponnux 3-o6wocwofi 6 104. Cronopiti ysen 20 70 8. Ceneputton 9., «Hla xpinax sitpy», «Becenkar, Kit 9. Cxpatiaw JLE., «Mopexie yansb», waa. «Tpancriopm, Mocks, 1994 r. uvepatypa: 1. «Boeuo-opexas nosrorosxay, Peasant IC OCOABHAXHMA CCCP, Mocksa, 1939 r 2. «Chyna Typucray, Han «aoposver, Kies, 1991 r, 3, «Yams, npyMetienbte ® TypHaMex, OGsnomurpapraaar, JbenponeTposce, 1991. 4. alllxoaa anbmumama /Hasanuas moaroTosKa/», usn «OuOKYTETYpA Ht ccnopr», Mocxsa,1989 r. 5. @uuwnknonenu TypHcray, wan, «Bomeurax Pocewficxan saumtkrorem8, MO- cexea, 1993 r. 6. Taonomcknii BH, «Typiam mxoner, OOO «utiaxor, MunucK, 1996 r. 7. Pacropryes M., «KapaGunune yansi», waa «Kpoy mre, Mockna, 1995 984 r. 10, Tasera “New Seentist”, London, 1992, M9. n