Math

Math is known as the 'Hindu priest house'. Each math built as a residence-cum-office for
the mahant, a teacher or religious leader, who gathered students and ascetics about him in a semi-
monastic community. It was the centre for the teaching and learning of Hindu Philosophy and for
the study of appropriate manuscripts. It was also used who came as pilgrims from India and
served as meeting places for Gurus and Sadhus, students etc. The tradition of Math buildings
along with temples was initiated in India by Gurus and Sadhus.
It is three-storied house. Its facade such as a design of Newar House and central load is
bearing wall. The facade is used a symmetrical arrangement of doors and windows. The Sanjhya
or Panchamukhi jha is used the living room in the centre of the third storey. Windows are highly
decorated wood carving. The main door is used the centre of the ground floor. It is not used for
shrine. The ground floor is used generally as stables, stores, guest rooms, meeting halls and
bedrooms. The Kitchen is used on the top floor or in the attic. There are about 30 maths and
branch-maths in the Kathmandu Valley. During the Malla period, especially after Sthiti Malla
had strengthened the institutions of orthodox Hinduism in the kingdom, the larger maths
exercised considerable power and influence.

Sattal
Sattal is the traditional Newari rest house. It is found all the town and village in the
Kathmandu Valley. It is used for travelers to stay without free of charge. It is used different
activities for the common people to all villages and cities. It's also known as Dharmasala, where
every cast and every men and women can easily stay there. It is built for the rest house near a
place of Pilgrimage, temple, and sacred Bathing River. These rest houses are protected from rain
or sun or even used to pass a night for traveler. They are used for shelter, gathering, shops or
even seasonal storage. It is donated by wealthy person or a group of community (Guthi), a
religious group, religious family and Royal family.
There are three types of Sattals depending upon their structures: two-storied house type,
mandap type and the two storied sattal attached house. The ground plan of the Sattal is either
square or rectangular or octagonal and either open halls and divided rooms. It is used for longer
sojourns such as Gurus and Sadhus.

Two-storied sattal
It is rectangular ground plan covered with wooden constitutes the ground floor. The
ground is built same as pati. The front and side elevations comprise of open rows of supporting
columns. The back side is only made of brick wall. In upper storey, such as a Newari type house.
There is used a three windows, five windows and a lattice window both side of centre windows.
The tiles roof are covered the second roof and the simple or decorated struts are projecting to the
supporting of the roofs. These sattals are used mud stoves where the travelers can cook for
themselves.

Mandap sattal
It is a square or rectangular octagonal ground plan. It is a free standing and rose above the
ground level. It is built from two to several storied. It ground plan is open hall and all the sides of
elevation comprise of open rows of supporting columns. The upper storey is such as a Newar
House, which is designed depend on donors. These sattals are installed in the Durbar square and
near it, which are used for royal coronations, municipal weighing and fixing market prices. In
this sattal, there is also use a windows, tympanum, struts and tiled roofs. There is also an open
hall.

Two storied sattal attach house

These sattals are not free standing but attached the other personal house. These sattals are
also two storied same type of two storied sattal.

Pati
Free public short rest house is called Pati. It is saying Dharmashala and pati in Nepali,
and Phale or phalacha in Newari. It is freestanding on the roadside, crossroads, attach the public
house, temples, near a sacred river, near wells, ponds, streams, bridges, pilgrimage and even
every courtyard of a city and village. It is found every village and city in the Kathmandu Valley
and outside. So, it is built a lot of in the Kathmandu Valley than others traditional architecture. It
is situated close to a source of water. Several have become temple in their own right. It is used
for rest a short time or waiting for a raining fall or sun. It's also serving as simple overnight
shelters for travelers and pilgrims. It is also used for meeting place for any social, games and
religious gatherings. It is sometimes even used as a storing food and grain.
It is usually a small rectangular building comprising a raised brick platform about 60 cm
and covered with wooden floorboard. It is one storey and no divided any rooms. Its facade and
left and right sides elevation are comprised for open rows of supporting columns. The back side
of pati is built from brick and clay. In some cases all sides are open line up of wooden pillars.
The pillars are four, six, eight, sixteen and more. There is also a simple struts are used a
projecting to support of a roof. The roof is also used traditional tiles. It is donated by rich person,
a group of community, religious peoples, and royal family. In some cases Guthi became
responsible for construction and maintenance.