OCHOBBI INPOEKTHPOBAHMA PAKET KJIACCA «BO3]YX—BO3]IYX» MW ABMATIMOHHBIX KATATIYJIBTHBIX YCTAHOBOK JIA HUX Tog o6uye pegaxnueit mpodeccopa, WoktTopa Texuuyeckux nayk B.A. Hecreposa Pexomenjosaxo Munucrepcrsom o6uyero a mpodeccuonanbHoro o6pasosanusa Poccniicxo Deyepanum e KayecTae yueOuuKa Aaa CTYCHTOBR BLICMIMX yUeOHKIX saneqenuH, OOyyamuxca m0 ManpaBrenuw «ABna- m pakeTocTpoeHHer ef Mocxna Vagarenscrso MAM 1999BBK 13.4 0 75 @egepanvuas nexenas nporpamMa Kunromaqauua Pocesmu ‘Aprop: B.A. Heerepos, 9.E. Ieiicax, A.JI. Peitaems, L.A. Coxononcxmii, A.M. Cramkenms Penensours: xahegpa «Koucrpyxnua a mpoexraponanue qpuratenei JIA» CamapcKoro rocyfapcTBeHHoro aspoKOcMMuecKoro yHMBepcuTeTa, axajemuk PAH, g-p rexw. nayK, upod. P.O. Tannen cross npockrmponanus paxer Knacca «BosiyX-BOsyX» Hi AaBIt- auMonmx aTanymbmonx yeranosor jax wux: Yuebuun/B.A. Hecrepos, 9.E. Weiicax, AJI. Peitmens a mp. Mon o6mei penax- une B.A. Hecrepona. — M.: Maq-n0 MAM, 1999. — 792 c.: ma, 075 ISBN 5-7035-1949-7 Manoxens: ocHonononaraomme HxoH, HpHHHANE HocTPOOMNUA H yTKNWOMANEAIS ToXHHYECKHE omenuA Nw NPOEXTHPONAMH paKeT KAACCA «MOIAYX-DOIYXe, MATOMATHTOCKHO MOROAK WX MORCHOTOD, Mpwnoronss ocwonnwe xapaKrepKerHKK paxer. PaccMOTpertH HONPOCH CTPYRTYDHL, KHNEMATHKK Hf jt- aMuKH (ANA H CHUTES) PHURKOX MeXAHNIMOD ABMANMONNUX KaTANYETHS YeTAHODOK, A TAIDKO yt conepmiencrnonanmn noponexrimnux AY na octone WenOmLsODANKs aXaMTinMuX cxeM yrpan- aermua, Paccworpenst meroqs onpoxenonns nAGpomMManscecKHx XApAKTOPHOTHK paKeT raAcca «nod RYE nOMYA, Marepwams KIM orpaxkaior sforomerii OMT ABTOPOR HO MPOOKTEPODAAMIO H coaRAMTKIO paKer NOTACCA eBOURY-HOGTYED M ANMANWORAI KATANYAIDTITX YETAHOOK jAsC THX. Tan oryqenton anwaxwonnsx M ApYTHX TeXHMTECKHX By2OR, A TAK pA NAyUMAX pare Gormmkon w MwKoHOpoN, cHenManaMpyiomMxcH » OGmACTH NpOCKTKPONANKA paKeT KAKCCA +n03- ayenosgyes, ARY 1 xpyrux cxonarux mexamineckwx cxcrem. In this toxtbook fundamontal ideas, principles of construction and functional technical decisions whon designing air-to-air missiles, mathematical models of their subsystems are expounding; the basic missile characteristics are adducing. ‘Tho probloms of structuro, kinematics and dynamics (analysis and synthosis) of lovored mochanisms of aircraft catapult devices as well, as the perfection ways of tho perspective aircraft catapult devices on the base of using of the adaptive control circuits are considering. Vibrodynamic characteristics dotermination mothods of the air-to-air missilos are considerin, ‘The materials of the book represent of many yoara author's experience about designing and creating of air-to-air missiles and aircraft catapult dovicos for thom, For the students of aviation and others technical institutes, also for the sciontists and enginoors, which ‘have a specialization in the sphere of air-to-air missiles designing, also in the sphore of the designing of sireraft catapult dovices and others complex mechanical systems. 1304000000 ~ 279 0 dw BBK 13.4 ISBN 5-7035-1949-7 © B.A, Hecrepos, 9.E, Meitcax, A.JI. Petnoms, T.A, Coxoxoncrnit, A.M. Cranxenuy, 1999TPEAMCIOBUE B yannom yye6uuKe paccmarpunaworca ocHOBK mpoeKTnpoBa- HMA pakeT KTACca «BO3AYX-BOSAYX> MW ABMANMOMNNX KATAMYIETHBIX yoTaHonoK quit Hux. Kura coctomr ua tpex pasjeson. B neppom pasqene mpuBOAATcH OcHOBNMIe XapaKrepucTuRM pa- KeTb M MX OWCHKM C MOsMIMM oheKrmBHocTA aBManMoHuHIX 6o- enmx Kommrexcos (ABR), Matemarayeckne Moyen ee mopcHcrem M OCHOBE MpoexTuponanna oOaMKA paxerst, B TOM YMCHe aBTOMA- rwamponannoro. IIpw wanucanuu pasyena ynop yemanca Ha uan0- oKeue OCHORONOaraOMMX ue, NpUNNMNOB noctpoeHMA u (yn WaMeHTANLALIX TexHWYeCKMX pemteHni. Temarmka pasqena orpaaeT OnsIT, HakONNeMAHH ero aBTOpa- MM 3a Gouee YeM COpoKaeTHMH NepMo UX feATebHOCTH TO co- suanMio pakeT paccMaTpmBaemoro Kmacca. Bo propom pasmene jars crpyxrypa, KMAeMaTHKA wu jUAMMKA (amanma m cMHTes) PRYAIKHBX MeXAHMSMOR ABMANMOHAEX KaTAtysb- rmx yeranonox (AY). Mavepmams paaqema orpamawr conpemen- Hbe JOCTHKeHMA TeOpHM MeXAHM3MOB M [MHAMMKM Malun, opmeH- ruponanst wa odpPexrunnoe verombs0BnaHMe BUYMCIMTERDHOK TeXHUKH M MpoMsOCTpHpOBaHs GoRbINMM YMCIOM NpHMepon MpoeKTHpoBaKAA AKY mMunuMasenoi Macchl ¢ yIYaUIeHHBIMM KMHeMATHYeCKUME, [H- HAMMYecKMMM Hu hYHKUMONATBHBIMM XapaxTepucTHKaMH. Bo BTopoM pasqene paccMOTpeHbI TaKKe MyTH COBepmeHCTBO- BanuA nepcnenrusnx AKY wa ocHone wcnombsonanma aganran- WBIX cxXeM ynpABTeHMA. B rpernem pasqene paccmorpens merogst onpeneenua auGpoy- HaMMMeCKMX XapAKTepucTUK pakeT Kxacca «BOBAYX-BOBAYX> UpH co- BMCCTHOM TomeTe © CAMOCTOM-HOCHTeIeEM MB ABTOHOMHOM mosere. Cxogyer ormerurs, 410 Bamay pasnoo6pasma dusmueckux m Mare- MATHYCCKNX MOfeueH PASHHe BEMIMHE MOLYT MMeTL OfMHAKOREIe 0603- navenua. OpHako B TeKCTe BCeTMa aloTcA Heobxo_uMEe noAcHeHUA. Tuasnt 1-15 u raana 23 manncaum AJL, Peitgenem a T.A. Cono- HOBCKUM coBMectiO, rmannt 20—22 — B.A, Hecreporsim, raaps 16—18 — B.A. Hecrepossim u 9.E. Teitcaxom conmecruo, rmaza 19 — 9.E. Teitcaxom, raanit 24—26 — A.M. Crannennuem.ABK ABM AK AKOP AKY APTC AYP BAC BPJIC BB B3BI BUI PB3BIL r3BI ron jay nyc 3BII 3 SIC ucy KH KC KTAY JK JITX MM MCA YCJIOBHbIE OBOSHAUEHNA aBwaluoHHH Goenow KOMMeKC AHAOTOBAA BHYNCIMTEIBHAA MalMHA anTouoMEMit KOBTYp aHalMTHYecKOe KOHCTpyMpoBanHe PeryATOpoR ABMANMOHHAA KaTanyIbTHaA YCTAHOBKA AKTUBHAA pAaAMONOKANMOHHAN romoBKa caMonaBeReHMA aBHaMouHaN yrpasasemad paKera Gecnomckosad aanTHBHad cucTeMa Gopropad paquonoKaymonHan cranun nosqymuni 60% BceHANpanueHHad 30Ha BO3MOMKHEX UYCKOB BaseTHO-Mocafounan mom0ca TapaHTHpOBAwHAA BCeHANpaRIeHHaN 30HAa BOSMOMUBIX mycKoB TapaHTHpOBAHHAA 30HA BOSMORHX HYCKOB FONOBKa caMoHaBenoHna WaTIK anneiHAx yoxopeumit WaTi4K yrxoBMx cKopocreit 30HA BOSMOMKHBIX MYCKOB s0Ha JOCTHKUMOCTH s0Ha OTIETOR sagan monycepa camomera wuepiwarbnan cucreMa yupanmenmA KOHTYp HaBeqenuA KOUTYp cra6unmsanau KRACCH4eCKAA TeOpHA ABTOMATHYCCKOTO ympantenAA HeTHO-KOHCTPYKTOPCKMe McTBITAHMA ACTHO-TAKTHYCCKMe XAPAKTepUCTHKA paKerbi MaTeMaTH4ecKas Moye MexyHapoqHas cranqapruas armociepa o6neKTon3 MAP Toc TC PBL Pre PMA PO pcy PHO CaM cK CKO CHIL CTAY TAY @MAP KB @OP omP oOnacTh AONycTUMEIX sHayeHMit nonyakTHBHAaA pakMooKanMOHHAA rorOBKA caMonaBeyeHuA mapasuTHad OOpaTHand cBAsE nepequas moxycdepa camonera paxera Gomsmot panbnocta . pagMonOKaNMOHHAA ronOBKA CaMOHaBeneHUA paxera Maxoit yaxpnocrn pacmmupenuni oOsexr paxera cpequeit pamsuocra peKMM HempepsIBHOrO NoAcBeTAa CHILI HW MOMeHTSI cucrema KoopamHaT cpequeKBaypaTa4ecKoe oTKIOHeRMe ConposoxeHHe Ha mpoxoxe CoRpeMeHHad TeOpua aBTOMaTM4eCKOTO ynpanieHuA TeOpHA aBTOMaTH4ecKOrO ynpaBieHuA basuponanHad auTeHHad pemerKa Guastp Kanmana-Buwcu Gynxnvonarn o6o6menxok paborn opexrusnaa oBepxHocts paccemBannAPA3{EJI WEPBBIIt OCHOBHBIE XAPAKTEPMCTHKM PAKETHI. MATEMATHGECKHE MOJEIM MOXCHCTEM Wf OCHOBbI MPOEKTHPOBAHMA OBJIMKA PAKET Taasa J, PAKETA KIACCA «BO3]YX—BO3]IYX» KAK 9JIEMEHT ABMAIMOHHOFO BOEBOrO KOMIMIEKCA § 1.4. BOEBBIE XAPAKTEPACTHKM ABK Pakerst Kiacca «BO3AYX-BOSLYX> ABNAWTCA OCHOBHLIM OpyKHeM apnaymounnx Soepnx KoMMueKcon (ABK), B caasm c¢ 4eM ux xa- PaKTCPMCTUKA OKASbIBAWT CyMecTBeHHOe BUMARMe Ha ophexTan- socts ABK. Bonpocam onenxn oexruBnocru oObeKTOR BOeHHOTO HasHa- MeHMA, K KOTOpHIM oTHocaTca Kax ABH, rax ™ paxers pacemar- puBaemoro Kuacca, B MOCHeqNee BpeMA yAeIAeTCA NOBMUEHHOS buMManMe, B YacTHOcTH, B paGorax B.E. Pyquena [1, 2]. Boesan adpexruanocts ABK onmpegenserca agech Kak ciocob- HOCTh KOMMeKca B COCTaBe B3aMMOAeMCTRYIOMIMX C HMM CMCTEM pemarh Goense sagayu. Cnoco6uocrs sta mpoasaserca B Goenok onepayun 4 sasucuT of ee KONKperHMx ueMei Mm MoTOZON mpone- neunn. Tooromy upexcranuenue noxasareneit oboxrusuocru eer- Ha KOWKpeTHO, a 3aqaya ee ONEHKM He MMeeT OMHOZMAMHOFO pemc- naa. K amoxy Goensx onepanuit (ranossx sagas) aaa ABK dpon- TORMX UCTpeOuTexeH OTHOCHTCH 3aqaya 3aBoeBLBANMA rocnoscTBA b BosLyxe, Mo, KOTOpOH MOHMMaeTCA AMMeHHe MpoTMBnMKa noa- MOMRUOCTH MPAMCHATh CBO ABMAYHIO B 3aqaHHOM paione pB TexC- uve aaganuoro ppemenu. Ira sagaya Momer Our, hopmaxuszonana. Ilan voro jommus 6117» sagaust napamerpu mpocrpancrsa m npo- MA, B TeYeHMe KoTOporo WONKHO SHITL OGecneweno rocHoycTRO, xa- 6PAaKTepHCTHKM HPOTHHAMKA H HoKasaTem ymep6a HporMBNKa, 1pH KOTOPOM saqaya cumTacteA pemennok (ManpHMep, yMerbULeHMe Te- Kyte UoenHocTH Ao MegonycruMnx mpesenon). K aueay apyrux twnonex sagau ormocates qamsnnii paxerubtit Gort m Ounnnui Manenponusit Goi, KoTOpue MoryT Onrre KaK ORH- HOYHEIMM, TAK MW rpynoBsMn. [la pewonns orax aaqay KomMaeKc jOMReU pactomarath jo- CTATOUNLIM PakeTUBIM 6oOCKOMMIEKTOM, B TOM UNCHe CMeIIANHIM, COCTOAMIMM M3 pakeT pasnM4uMx THOR. K uncxy moxasarencit odebexra, uenonssyemux jaa onenKu Kayectna pemenua GSoenoit sagaum ABH, ormocatca: nepoarnoctn noGenm MporunoGopcrayoux uorpedurerc w noamymnom Gow OnMH Ha onMN (HeOOxo_uMOCTR paccmorpenuA ARYyX WoOKasaTeuCii cuepyer M3 Toro, YTO BeposTHOCTS nobeAM NpoTMBIMKAa panua ne- poxrnocru ruGexu nanero camMosera), MareMarH4ecKoe omujanKe woteps CTopon B rpynuoKoM Go Hu T.A. Dru noKasaromn odchexra ABK 8 cymecrnennoi cretlenw 3aBMcaT OT MeTHO-TAaKTMYeCKMX Xa- paxrepworme (JITX) paxort. Tockoasky paxeta apuneton copokymuocrs1o mopazaiomero cpeqerha « juMaMMuecKoi cHeToMM, pemaomel sayauy gocTanKu pTOrO CpeqeTRA K Kom, OTM XapakTepHCTURM paKoTM AosAMM oT- paxkarh ce cuOcoGHOcTs HaMeNHTh B sagamMoc npemA cHoe cocTo- sume (n o6mem cry4ae — gasonoe), T.c. conepumts mawenp 1 UpMIMHUTS mex rpebyemmit yuyep6. Mootomy m kaxecrse JITX paxers paccmarpunaiores neposr- HOCTS MOpAKenus texH ORUOI paxoroi, pasmMeps 80H noaMomHOrO upuMencnus, Dru sous onpexexmored B pasuuMDx cneTeMax Ko- OpaMHAT HN conoKynHocTH OSecHeuuBalT onoHKy odpexTuBnocTH ABK 1b passmuustx Goenux onopaquax. Ocranonumen Kparko ma ccreme Boopymenux conpemonnsx ABK. Ocrony sroro soopymenun cocranamwr anMannonmse ynpan- asemne paxersr (AYP) Kaacca «nosnyx-noanyx», ABasOMMecH OC HOBUHIM GoennIM CpeACTBOM WOpaKeHMA BOBLYUIHHX Were MB Cy- MmectBeHHOH Mepe omupexermommue o6nuK ABK. Paxerst ororo Knac- ca UpMATO femMTD wa TPH TAMA: 4. Paxerst manoit yasbuoctn (PMJI), upeaasnayennme, B oc- WOBKOM, Ault araxK nox" ua BITC. ro serkue (~ 100 xr) paxern © TONMOBSIMM TOMOBKAMM caMONancneHHs. B nocmequee poems OTH pakersr ucKomsyIorcA H fat GuYKNerO BOsAyMMOTO Gos, YT MpH- 7BOAUT K HEOOXOAMMOCTH COBepMeHCTROBAHMA MX MaHeBPeHHBIX Xa- paxrepucrux. 2, Paxerst epequed panpuocta (PC]\), npequasvavennne aaa HOpaxeHus Bcex THNOB BOSAYUIABIX HeMei [HEM M HOURIO, B CMOR- HBIX MCTEOYCNOBUAX H MPM HaLMYHM OpranMs0BAaHAHIX NoMexX. ITO paketit Maccoli yo 200 ... 250 kr, B ocHoBHOM c paqMonoKammoH- HEIMM TONOBKAMM CaMOHaBeAeHMA. 3. Paxerst 6omsmoi ganbnoctu (PBJI), upeynasnayenuue qua Hepexnara eck » oco6o cHomHBIX YonOBMAX, Ha AaxbHux py6e- max OGopous. ro yHUKaNbUBIe 10 cHORMOCTH M cTOMMOcTH paKe- mt Macco# 350 ... 500 Kr c paymonokaynoHHHIMM (B TOM duce KOMONHMpOBAHHEIMM) TorOBKAMM caMonaneneHua. § 1.2. KMHEMATIYECKHE METOMbI WCCIEJOBAHHA CBIWKEHMA MW ATAKM BOSYMHOW WEI Bumouuad Soeryw sayayy M pela sagayy foctasku opyKuA (paxer «nosayx-nosnyx») camoner Women cOAMSHTBCA ¢ HEMI. Ora, wa nepnuit parnag, OOnruMad saqaya KuneMaTuKM HoseTa AB- aoTed cronupuxccKoh mo crogyourmm npuunnam [1]: 1. Ananusy nopemar xapaxrepucruKn oTnocHTebHOrO jBMAKO- HMA 10 OTHOMEHHIO K YeIR, KOTOPKIE fA CHYVAN NONBURHO Ma- HenpHpyomet men cyuyecTBeHHO OTAMYaIOTCA OT abcomoTHOroO. 2, Tpanwunpre ycuonms (BuxKeHMA Ha KOHCYHOM yuacTKe Tpa- OKTOPHM LOWKI OTHEYATS yCTOnMAM MpHMeNeNMA paKeT UB Cy- mecrnennoi crenenm ompemersores xapakTepuCTHKaMM paxKoTH, oc aonama posMomnmx mycKon (3BII). Boasnryo nomay B uayxenum oTHx saqay Momer pars mpep- apurenbubi KuNeMaTuSeCKMH ananMs Tpackropui cOmmeHHA. pn nposegeumm raxoro ananmsa MB sanMcMMOcTH oT cro cHeny- huKn ucnorvsyloren pase cHcTeMut Koopqunar (CK). Han- Gouce yuorpeOurenburt adcomorman CK u yne ormocurensume CK, OMA M8 KOTOPHX COBMeM\eHAa ¢ WeMbI0, Wpyran co crpexsomHM camoaerom, B jaabneitiuem ycnoBMMen: erpenmoupi (mam) camo- ser Gyem oTosnayarh Ni 1, camMoner nporupuuxa (1enb) — Ne 2. Anaius nadtem ¢ menonbsonanna abcomornot CK, cassannon ¢ HCNOAMMKUDIM UpoctpactBoM. Baeqem cuexyiomne oGoanayenus (puc. 1.1, a): ©, 9 — rpaekroprsre yram camomeron (yrmst MeoKjy nekropamM cKopocTei cCaMomeTOR mM Hampanzenmem oreyera); D — AaIhUOCT MePKLY CaMOseTAaMM; € — yron BuBHpORanAA (yron, KO- 8OpkaHMpyWMmui noMOKeHue NMHMH JaTbHOCTH 0 OTHOMeHMIO K HalpableHmio oTcuera); @ — yrom mexeura (yron MemAy BeKTOpOM cxopocta camomera N? 1 mu amHuei susmposanua), q — KypcoBoit yrox wena (yrom Mexy BeKropom cKopocrH camoseta M2 u an- uve BMaupoRanua; yonorHMTeABHMit yron gy= T- q). No2 bf ) 2 kj Voui=ND +(@D) 8, xl Td a 6 Puc. 14 Henocpexcrnenno u3 puc. 1.4,a cnenyer: Qy= e+ O; O= e+ g. (4.4) Tudhepennupya mo spemenu coornomenua (1.1), noryunm CBASL yrNOBHX CKOpocreit Q=8+o; O= 849, (4.2) rae = Oy, = @), — aGcomorHsie yriopsie cKopocta camomeToR M1 uw N2; = @p) — abcomoruas yrnonam cKOpocTs muHMM famBHO- cra; @ Mg — OTHOCHTeLHBIe yraoBEIe cKopocrm camoneTon Ni 1 a NM 2 ornocutenbuo IHHMm JambHOCcTH. YpaBneHMA AIA onpeyerenHA MpousvoAHEIX yrna € w fambHocTH D umewr Bu: B( Yasin Y sing ); (4.3) D= V,cosq— Vj cos@. Tlocne qucepeanuposanua ueproro ypasnenus (1.3) m0 Bpe- MeHM ToOTyaUMDé+ 2De «(me mr) (1.4) Byech oGosHayeHo ny» Weperpyska camomeros B npoeKnum Ha Hop- Manh K auMMM RameHocTH: nye Ny COSO+ Nay sing; Ny = My 608g + Nyy sing; (4.5) , - L 1,2. vo n1,2= zg? ny,2> z Coornomenme (1.4) mpeqcrapnaer coOom cymMmMy upoeKyMit ycv Kopenmit Ha HOpMas K aHWM RamBHOCTH. Bgecs Dé — ranrenun- amsnoe yexopenue; 2De — ycxopenue Kopworuca; e(t- af) = paswocrs yupasamomux ycxopeuuit camoseros M2 a N 1. Mo- AYAb Bekropa oTHocHTeDHO! cKopocra (puc. 1.1, 6) ompenensercs Buiparkenmem Voon= V(@p D)?+ DP = Vv2+ V2- 2¥, Yacos(g~ o). (4.8) Tapamerpst orHocutensHore gaMKeHH Vjoy, Op, D snnsiorcs ocuoBHuMd mp uaysenuN orHocuTersHOrO pBMeHUA. Ms (1.6) nonyamM Wy- Wes V, om < Vy, + Vp. (1.7) Takum o6pasoM, orHocutembHaa cKopocth » BB Moser usme- HATECA OT Hyna fo ~ 1 KM/c. Bnegem teneps monsTue rexymero, um Mraonennoro upoxera {1]. Texymuit mposer, coorsercrnyimmi momenty npemenu t, ecrn Kparyaiimeé paccrosuue, Ha KoTOpoM oH camoner mpomeren Gur MHMO pyroro, ecam, HadMHad c MoMeHTa ¢, 06a caMosxeTa ABMra- WMch ObI MpAMONMHEHHO, C MOCTOAHHLIMH CKOpOCTAMM, cooTBeTcT- ByloujumMu Momenty ¢. Henocpenctnenno ma pac. 1.1, 6 cnenyer: Dh 7 om sink= 10mK 2 h@= F- (1.8) on 2 Hcnonsayem monarne 0 rexymyem mpomere Aya azammaa ympaB- WACMOCTH OTHOCHTEILHBIM [BMKeHMeM. CamKem ¢ camometom Ni 4 oGnacrs Q adhextanuoro peitersua paxeru (pac. 1.2, a), pacno- TOmeNHyI0 cuMMeTpHINO OTHOCHTeETbHO Bexropa V,. Hwxe wx m0- KaokeM, UTO B KavecTBe 9TOM 3OHKI BLICTYMaeT TaK HasbiBaeMan 30Ha OTMeTOR paKeTst oT camoneta. [lens camonera N 1 cocronr B TOM, ¥TOOs saxBaTHTS oTOM OGuacTBIO camoneT Ne 2. Ifems ca- moxera Ni 2 cocrour B TOM, ¥roOH He AOycTuTb saxBara. [lycTh orpesok ab (puc. 1.2, 6), ecrh npoexnua oOnacra Q Ha nepneH- qUKyIAp K OTHOCHTEXBHOK Tpaexropum camonera Ni 2. Tora ye- HOBMe COCTOABMerOcA 3axnaTa MOmeT OWT sanucaHo B Bue he ab. Ecrecrnenuos mepoit (noxasarenem) yupannnemoctm mpaa- eTCH UpOMsBO_NAA uponeTa 10 BpeMenu: Orerona sain aan 4 nonyrme upu6awxounyio Gopuyay. Tpe- uo6peras propsim “teHoM n KnaAparHMx cKoOKaX, momarad Voq,~ D D u oSosmayan ~~ = 1 (npemst, ocrammeecs 0 notpoum): |p| 14w= a(ma- nt) (1.9) CG yuerom stax ponymenuit m mpuHaTix o6osHayenMi nory4HM ua (4.8) D .. d ib 1 1 4. he (D2) = | V_- Vey = [ Ve- Vy lt. 1.10) Ho, = Thi(VE Vt )e(Va-Ve}s Ct) Buecs BReAeHH OOosHaeHMA YA MpoeKNM cKopocTelt camo- aeTOR Ha HOPMASb K IMM AarbHOCTH: Vi= Ysing; Vz= Vysing. Ha ocuonanmm (1.9) m (1.10) umeem cucremy he (v- vies as «(sb mt) Ha ocnope cuctemn (1.11) paccmorpum o6zacTa TaKTHyecKOrO WpenocxoscTRa cTOpod M ONpexerMM UX ONTHMANDHHe cTpaTerun. Tycrs h(t)> 0. Bagayeit camonera M 1 saxsorcs ymeusmenme RenuuMHE h, T.e. OH ROMMeH OOecHewMTE W< 0. Sayaya camonera & 2 npormponoxomna, OH AoUKeH OOecnedHTS > 0. TIpu saganunx V, a V_ nema hom pL snstsores dbynnmmsten (4.44) yupannennit caMoneTon mM cbasoBNx KOOpaMHaT y= (ett )§ Ug= ("22 "2 )} Takum o6pa30M, MMecM saqaty © NpOTMBONONOMALIMM METepe- camu. Pemenue Takoro powa 3afad OCHOBEIBAaeTCH Ha HCMOME30BAa- HUM NpWHNMMA OnTEMATEHOTO TapamTMposanHoro pesysrara [4], B COOTBETCTBUM C KOTOPHIM OTCyTCTBHe MHHopManun o cTpaTeruH mpormpunka (camonera Ni 2) BunmonnmetcA MpeAMONORenMeM, Ha- UxyAMUM jut omepupyiomei cropoust (camonera Ni 1). Toyyac- Maa pM STOM rapanTApyeMan OWeHKa mOKasaTeiA BKCTPeMMsMpy- orca ga cuet BuGopa crpareruu onepupyomei cropoum. Tapanrn- ponanHoe sHadeHMe WOKAsaTeNA [L: 12 (92): (4.42)p= min max p= ky (z) upn h> 0; uty max min t= ky (2) upu h< 0. 4 4 (1.13) B row actu asonoro mpocrpancrsa (maocKocrn), rme ky(2)< 0, camoner NM 1 mpu mo6ux welicrauax cawonera M2 MomeT OOecneyuTE yMeHbUenne A, T.e. camonet NM 1 npeobnagaer nag camonerom N 2 (npu ky (2)> 0 camoner NM 2 mpeoOnagacr » BOSMORHOCTA yKIOHeHMA). TocKouBKy sunetino 3aBucMT OT yu- panseuuit uu wy, cxparcrum cropou rpanmuuu [4], Kagan cro- ponwa HCHONLsyeT MaKCHMAaTBHOe B3HaYeHMe yupaBnenus, uMeo- meroca B ee pacnopsxenum. Butyermm nopobsacra coverannit BHAKOB, Fe rapanTMpOBaHO MpeoOayanue OAHOTO m3 CamMomeTOR (om. va6a. 4.4) Ta6auya 1.1 O6zacts mpeoSaaqanns Bua h Bran Camoner Ne 4 + - - + Camoner M2 + + Pacemorpum o6zactu mpesocxogersa wa dasonoi mmocKocrn (q,9). TWpumem: 1) ympannenue ngoms ocu z ne ucnonpayercs; 2) JITX camoneron opunaxons. Vj= Vy; my = ny; 3) araxa a BIC yer. Coornercrpyiomme o6nacra upuneyens Ha puc. 1.3, a, 6, 6. Bugum, yo 8 oGnacrax I m II mpeo6magacr camoner N: 1, 2 06- nacrax III u [V camoner MN 2. B cuxy upunatoro pomynyenna 06 oqmmaKonocra JITX o6nacru cummerpwunst. [pu pasnmanerx JITX cCuMMeTpHA Hapymaercs. Tlepeiiem reneps K onpeqeneHuw ONTUMANDULIX CTpaTernit cTO- pou. [lockonpry KaKqLrit “3 caMOeTOR MMeeT MO [Ra yupaBsenun (sqous ocek Or m Oy), a Kaxkqoe m3 oTHxX ynpaBnenMik MMeeT ABA 13OGnactb npesocxogctaa camonera Ne1 7 7 O6nactb npesocxogcTsa camonieta Nez 6 Pue, 41.3 sHaka (+ mM —), TO ANA KaMKAOTO M3 CAaMONETOR MMeoTCH YeTEIpC BOSMOMUNX cTpateruu. Yexopamca obosuatars crpateruw AByMA 6yxnamu. Bykga, croama ma nepBoM MecTe, OupeyenseT crpaTe- rmi0 poor ocm Ox: P — pasron, T — ropmoxenue, 6yKna, cTo- AMAA Ha BTOPOM MeCTe, ONpexerAeT Manpanuenne Bupama: Il — npanwit, JI — nenuit. Taxa o6pasom, aan KarKqoro us camomeron 6ynem umers PII, PJI, TI, TU. 14PaccMorpaM 8 Ka¥yecTBe npuMepa TouKy «41», Memauty1o RB O6- macra Il. 3nech > 0, q 0. Yenonue h< 0 osnayaer spamenne xunmM panbHoctu 1-2 uo YacoBok crpenke, Camoner M 4 pomKeH yMeHbATS yrI0BywW onopocrs spamenna, um ero noperpyona mh, upasiena mums, camozer M 2 yomken yreauuurs cKopocrs mpa- yomKHa Ontrh Ha- menu, Wm vero MeperpysKa ny owWKHA Guth TaIOKE Hampansena bums, PacksagqpBpan my Kw Nip Ha OCH X MY NOAYYMM ONTHMAIbHHE crpaterum cropon: TIT — ana camonera Nt 1 u PIL qua camonera N 2. [lux qpyrax towex o6sacra mocrymaem ananoru4no. Tipm pememuu sayaum mepexsara nena » aGcomornok CK uc- nosayiorca sone Docmuxumocmu (3)]), oupenexenune » CK, cna- 3aHHOw C TOUKOM WycKa, a Up pelleHHM 3afatM B OTHOCRTeIbHOM CK, caasannoi c camonerom NM 1, ucnoasaywren sone omaemos (30). Tanwaxas xouburypanua 30 npuneyena ebume wa puc. 1.2, a. Byyem xapakrepusonats souy npoyoxsust™ ‘pasmepom J a monepes- wm pasmepom 2b. Viweew ls 4th, (4.44) rye 1 a ly coornercrsendo pa3sMepsI SOubI B HatpaBLenuM nonoKH- TexbHOH wK oTpHuaTerbuOK ocu Oy. OOstun ly= 1,51,, b= 0,61. Tlepotigem reneps K anausy KuNeMATHKE B oTnocMTenDHOI CK, caasannoh c camonerom NM 1. Sra CK nognmxna. B o6mem cuyyae ona mMeeT aMHeiuyo cKopocth V, m yraonyio cKopocrh oy. Sumi upuem uccneqonanuA ormocMTeAHHOTO WRMReHUA DB aTOM CJIYYae CocToMT B cXenyOMem (puc. 1.4, a): 1) ocranonum CK 8 ee nocrynatersnom qswxenun. [xs Toro upuxomum x camoxory M2 uexrop — Vy; 2) ocranonum CK » ce BpallaTeibnoM _BmKoHMM. [IIA DTOrO NpuOMMM K CamMoneTy 2 senrop — aD. TMockomsxy x rouxe N 2 npanomens tpu cxopocra Vj, ~V,, - @,D, nexrop ormocurensios cxopocra ca- moxera N 2 ompesoumetcn ua mexropworo panencrna =” Voru= Vo- Vy- @ D. (1.45) 415Tua cxysas, xorga @= 0, 7.0, CK me npamaeres, noxywun BeKropHoe panencTBO Vorm= Vo- Vy- (4.16) orn Vcnompayx yKasannnii mpuem, paccmorpum sagazy 3axnara 30 camonera N¢ 2 mpw oe wa Bupamax (puc. 1.4, 6). Paccmorpum npamoyrosbuyt CK Oy, caasannyiw ¢ camomeToM M4. Ocv Oy oro CK wanpanum no sexropy Vi. Mmcem nas MpOMsBROAHEIX KOOPAABAT d= - Vysin@- ay; (1.17) y= VacosO- Vy+ aya. Byecs © — yrox menmy nexropamn V, « Vp, vc. paswocrs xypcomux YI0B CaMoneTOB: ° O= O,- &. (1.48) Tludepexmupys (1.18) m0 npemenm, moxyzaew O= a - &. (1.49) “Wa (1.17) noayum 16dy V2. cosO— Vi + yx (1.20) dz” ~~ Vp sinO- ay * , PaccMoTpMM YacTHH cayuail, cooTBeTcTByIoMMa ycrOBHIO = @)= @. Torga, Kax cuegyer us (1.19): @=0; O= y= const. B orom cxyyae ypasnenwe (1.20) aerxo uurerpupyerca w Mut noxy4aem Vz cosO- V, Vo, sin ©, ate p+ 2 2 ———4 gg 2 ys C= 0. (4.24) o o Bupamenue (1.24) ecrs ypasuenue oxpymnocrn (pac. 1.5, a). Takum o6pa30M, OTHOCHTembHaA TpaeKTopuA camonera Ni 2 8 CH, caasamuoh c camomerom Ni 4, ects oKpy%KHOCTS, WeHTp KOTOpOK cmemjeH 10 ocam x uw y. Ero KoopaunaTst Vz 2. (¥i- ¥2 0080); ay=-— sin@y. (1.22) Ha puc. 4.5, @ upmnegeno Konsno saxnara, o6pasonanHoe qBY- Ma MpefexHHEIH TpAeKTOPMAMM, KacaTeTDHBIMH K OGmacTH Q. PaccMorpuM, Kak MaMeHAeTCA MONOKeHHe WenTpa OKpyRHOCTH up paxcnponananx V, a V. « mpm waMenenne @y. Hs (1.82) 47cuenyet, 470 reoMeTpH¥eckoe MecTO TOYeK G,;, a); eCTh B CBOIO Va ovepewb OKPyKHOCTL paquyca r= rae WeHTp KOTOpOH aexUT Ha V; ocu Oz, wa paccromuusn i of Havana Koopaunat (puc. 41.5, 6). yi Tlyors @y= 0, rorga 4. Myers a, — maze, ne. | ¥y- Vy] — mano, a @ — nonmxo. B stom cny4ae BuIroguo uMera d4unnyro 30. 2, Myers a, — seauxo, re. | Vj~ Vg| — neamxo, a @ — mao, B arom cuy4ae BEIronHo uMeTh wupoxyio 30. Takum oGpa3om, momn- yaunn casab Tpe6osanuit K xoupurypauwn 30 ¢ JITX camoneron. Mu paccmorpenu 4acrHuit cayyai Gon Ha Bupamax yun KoToporo @,= ©). B o6imem cuyyae, Korga @# My, O 9= Const orHocuTens- whe TpacKTOpAM upepcrannawr cobow sMMMMKIONABI. § 1.3. METO[BI ONEHKM IOMEKTMBHOCTH MCTPEBUTENA B BO3]{YMIHOM BOIO Mai pacemarpunaem ABK c paxerssim noopyxkennem, Ecrecrsen- uo, wo adexrupnocts takoro KoMMeKcA n cymecTBeHMO Mmope onpegesaercn aiextmxoctio yoranosaennnx Ha Hem paxer. B xa- wecrne Kpwrepua (noKasarens) odexrupnocrn paxons npHuATO wC- noapsosars Bepontuocts cOuTus (iopaxeHum) nox onoi paKeroii. Co6urue «cOuTue wean» (A) — ects coOsiTHe cxysaitnoe, 7.0. Wests Momer 6uiTb cOwra, Ho Moner OuITS HM He cOura, Boskoe cxysaituoe coOsrrme xapaxrepusyered BepostHocrsIo ero ocymecrnaenun. Be- postuocn, mopaxenusx wenn omnoit paxeroi onpenesnoren oxeqy- FOMLMMM KOMMONEUTAMH: TOWMOCTHIO HaneReHMA, yoronMAMM novpe- 4, THOM TeAM, XapaxrepucruKamn Goenoro cuapsrcuus P(A)= W=f (vowtoors, yononun nerpewn, Tun nem, xapawrepxormea BC). Tlokasatean W, (qamee anpexc omycKaeM) coTh Barna xapaK- repucruxa paxerst, TpeGonanua ua sewanny W saqaoren » TTS na paxery. [lu cospemenuux mepcnesruniix paker noxmenia W umecr nopayox 0,6 + 0,7. 18IIpm ogHoKparnoM upuMenenmu paKeTsI u mpm yenonuM cocro- amerocn mycKa aiphexrunnocrs ucrpeGurexa uncaeHuo panna sua- eum W. Oguaxo mp onenxe ohexrannoctn ucrpeOurens 3a araxy (mocieqoRarembHocts crpesh6 3a BpeMs HaXorqeHUA B sone crpea6n) Ham 3a Beck Gok (conoKynmoers cocrosmimuxca ara) oTOH BCMMINN ye NeMOCTAaTOUHO. Konxpermsanus Kpurepua oddextusnocta uerpoouronn sann- cur or Tana noagymuoro Gos. Wx qua: Goi mnyx camomeron nam Goi «1x 1», m Goi rpymm camoneros, Paccmorpum ux mocmeno- BaTeabno. Pacemorpum ogmuounstit Gol camoxeron N 1 w 2. Myers og- exruanocrs paxerm camonera Ne 1 ecrs W, camonera M2 — V. Peayanrarom Goa suuserca ynopayovenuas wo BpemMeun mocse- Aovarersuocts erperk6, KoTOpaN Momo Ourth KaK meTepMamHMpo- Bannok, TAK Mu cayyaiHot. Orpanmuumcn ux mpoctorm paccmor- penvem nepsoi, Cayvaitnan nocneqonarensnocts crpens6, yanrni- BAIOMAK BOPOATHOCTH nsIXOna CaMoReTOR B araKy, MoMpoGHO pac- cmorpena mn paore [2]. Pesyasrarom Gos anamorca nenwanne Py « Py — nepoatuocrn mo6eqst Kaxgok ua cropon. Iyer nocne- Honarerbuocth crpery6 sayanua, 7.e. salavkl MOMeHTE BpemMeHH crpoms6 m ux odpexrunuocra (pac. 1.6, a). Q@Q@Q©® @-O-@ Puc, 1.6 419PaccmorpuM, Kak no safaHHom nocneyoarembuocrm onpene- auTb pesyastat Gon. PaccmorpuM Ba 4ACTHIX cy4as. 1. Cmpeanem moavxo camosem NI (puc. 1.6, 6). Bocnoms- sonanmmcn. Teopemoi o noBTopenmu onTOR, uMeeM Py= 1- P@). (1.23) Byecs A — coOsiTwe, mpoTHBonOnORHOe NOpaxenMo nenH. Hycrs camozer M 4 mpomssognr n crpeas6. Ecxm W, — ne- POsTHOCTS Mopaxenua yexH B i-i crpexs6e, TO. BeposTHOCTS mpo- TaBonoxomMoro coburua ccth 1- W;. [ua n cxpens6 woxysum n P(A)= (1+ M(t Wa): A(t- ™ (1.24) Ha ocuonauuu (1.23) a (4.24) momyaum Py 1~ T(t 4). (4.25) 1 Ms (1.25) nonyyam naan vacrmsit cayuait, Korga oddbex- THBHOCTs Bcex crpeTs6 ommmaKona: Py=1-(1- Wy”. (1.26) 2. Cmpozoe vepedosanue cmpeav6 (pac. 1.6,2). Cobsrrue «no- Gena camonera Ni 1» cork cymma co6urnii, B Kaxqoi us KoTOpHX ects cOurue yer B qannoi crpens6e: — c6urme men » nepnoik erpensée — Wy, — cOurue yeum no propo crpexnGe — (1- m\(1- %) We, wT. B peayaprare nomyyaem Py= Wy+ (a W)(t- ¥ Wa oo “3 wT (1 Wy )(A- %) (1.27) 20AuanormuHo yaa camoneta NM 2: 4 Pye E u(t Mm.) Tl (t- My, )(4- %): (4.28) eit OrmeTMM, 4TO aTH 3aBMCHMOCTH MO%KHO NONyIATh C MOMOLIbO rpauyecKoro mpwema, ocHonannoro na ananuse «epesa Gos» [3]. Ha puc. 1.6, 2 ucxonn Ay 9 coorsetcrnyiT nopamenmio camMomeTa NM 2, wcxogs By» — wopaxennw camoneta N 1. Wepemnoman BepOATHOCTH, HAMMCAHHMe Ha ReTRAX, ReAYMUX K ucxoRaM A;, B,, « cxaagsmas mx, womysaem (4.27) m (1.28). Paccmorpum waxunit uacrumi cayuait, Korga oddpextmn- HOCTR BCexX cTpenb6 KaKOH us cropoH ofMHaKona. O6osHayan a=(1- W)(- V), nomysam P= Wit a+...+ a]; (1.29) Pp= VA- W)[ tt at...t at], Bupakenue, croamee B KBaqpaTHnx cKoOKax B (1.29), ecTs CYMMA 4WieHOR reoMeTpH4ecKow mporpeccun. Yuntsiman, S,=t+ata’+...a = , (1.30) nomyaaem Py= WS, (1.31) P,= ViA- W)S,. 3. OSwywit cayuaii (puc. 1.6,a). Tpousnonunsrt o6muit caysait MOMMO cReCTH K Cy¥a! crpororo yepexosanua crpemL6, o6ne- AuHun crpoxs61x onno# ctoponu, ue pasqexeumue crpoms6amu npyroit, ma ocnonanuu (1.25). [lun paccmarpunaemoro upumepa uM oem Py= Wit (1- Voy (L- W) Wo; a= Voy (L~ Wy) + (L- Wy) A Vag) LWA) Vas 24Vop= t- d= V(t %). Mpoveyem remeps Konuuecrsenmsik anaqus, orpannumemacs eayaaem crpororo wepexonanns crpex.6. 1) equanue wucaa cmpeav6 na seauvuny S,. Ha ocwonanun (1.30) onenmm S,= f(n) upx W= V= 0,6. Buayeuma S, qua pas- Iwi n npunexenst a taba. 1.2. Tadauya 1.2 Kak BMAMM, 3aMeTHDI poct HaGmOfaeTcCA TOMbKO B MepREIX AByX-TpeX BEICTpemax; 2) eaunnue ovepednocmu cmpeas6 npomusnuxos na seponm- nocms ux nobedw. Ma (1.31) aa cnyuan, Korga nepnsm crpeancr camosct Ni 1, umcem P, Azote —W_ (4.32) Hax sugum A or n He BaBneNT, T.c. ROCTATOMNO paccMaTpHBaTD 10 OfMOMY BHICTpery Kapow cropoum. [lua W= V= 0,6 noxyanm A = 2,5, 7.0. paso wepnoro nuicrpera crown o¥ens oporo; 3) momnencayus npeumywyecmea nepsozo sricmpeaa. Oupoxesnm, MOMKMO JM KOMMCHCKPORATh MPeMMYMCcTHO Hepuoro nuCTpena ca- moaora Ni 4 sa cuor ynesmvenua opbextunnocra opyatua camosora Ww M2. Ms (1.32) npn A = 4 nonyunm V= . Orew qa cstenyer, 1-W 470 KoMMeHcaMa MoxeT Onur» o6ecneyena smb up Ws 0,5. Hanpumep, npx W= 0,4 noxysam V= 0,67, 1.c. rpe6yeren cymre- crnenHoe yseumucuue addexrupuoctu V (~ 1,67 pasa); 4) paunnue afgermucnocmeti W, V na ceauuuny Py. Paccmor- pum, Ka seposrnocrn no6eqm Py sanueur or opioxrmnuocrn cno- ero (W) m 4yxoro (V) opysna. Orpannuumen paccmorpenuem enyyas n=. Ws (1.31) umeem 22f-a 1-d-W)d-V)° Kak sugum: 1) opu usmenenum Wp quanasone 0S Ws 1 Be- suuumnHa Py TAKKe MSMeHACTCH OT NIA HO eMMHUNB, T.e. odpex- TUBHOCTS CHoero OpymuA BuNAeT cuKHO; 2) pH HaMeHenMH V x uanasone OS VS 1 nenwauna Py usmenserca or snavenua W, 10 equuuust, 7.c. snayuTenbno caaGec. (Hanpumep, upu W;= 0,6 au- auasou usmencuns 0,65 Py < 1,0). Ormerum, 47To BaxKHOH OcobenHOCTDIO pemleHuA paccmaTpuBa- emo saqauw aanerca nexropustit xaparrep xpurepus. Ocoben- nocta ouenxa ABK no sextopnomy xpurepmio c moKasatenamn: nepostuocth noGegH Py, nepostHocrs raGexu P{= P, nogpobno pacemorpenm » [2]. Ha prom sanepmum paccmorpenue onnnou- uoro BB m mepeiigem x ouenKe pesysraron rpymmonoro bos. Bykem pasxuvarp jpa tana BB rpyun camomeron: 60" Ha cBa- shnanue u Gom ua moGeny. [lycrs Goit eyyr ane rpynmuponxn camonetos. OSosnasum Ny» — TeKymMe umcmenHoct, Nig, Nog — wavanoune wMexeHHo- orn, Thy» — worepa, Py» — nepomrnocr no6ex cropon 6ow «1 x do. Bott na consseanue — panuonecunit Goi ¢ ueirpaminim ne- xoHom Ny Mo~ My M0 _ Ny ~ Nag- Hy” Mao = Ky= const. (4.33) Bott na nobedy (nun cropous Ne 1) M Month, Myo Ny” Myg~ Thy > Tag = Ky. (1.34) Bujqto, 410 B Go1 ma MOGeAY orHocKTeMoHAK YHEMeHHOCTh ca- moseron MN 4 n mponecce Gos mapacraer. Hlyors Py> Py, re. ofhcoxrupnocrs Karkoro w3 camoueron Ne 2 bute, Wem camoxera Ne 1, Bosumeaet moupoc: Momuo am vor oexr Komnencuponars ynemmcnnem snexeuuocTH rpynmuponKK 23,camoneron Ne 4, t.e. Nig> Nog? Paccmorpam pannonecuiti rpyn- nono Go (1.33), upunaB, 4r0 pacnonaraemoe umex0 arax Kam- oro w3 caMoneTOB fy 9= 1. Tlockomsky Myg> Noo, BetenuM B rpynme cawomeros M1 que rpynmmposxn: ocHosnyw, ancxeHHo- crsio N{G"= Nog, # pesepanyi0, wcnennocTs10 NYy'= Nyg—- NIg" Ipumem, ur0 ocnonnaa rpynmmposKa nerynaer n Goi ¢ rpyn- mmpoBKok camoneron Ni 2, a peseppHaa — araxyer camosern Ni 2, buxomamme u3 Gos. [ycrs sepoatHocrs mo6eqn camonera Ni 1 8 b 2, ssimeqmum us 6on, Synzer Pt> Py, a Gow c camoneToM BepostHocrs camonera Ni 2, nsmmeqmero us Gos, P>= 0 (ua Gon BHXOAUT caMoseT, Mapacxojonanmmit Soesanac mam TonuHEo). IpH OTOM MATEMATHYECKHe OAMMAHMA MOTeph cTOpon uperctanamorcA coornomenuamn Thy = Nao Pa 5 (4.35) Nog Py + (Mo~ Nao Pa Ha ocwonanmn (4.33) a (1.35) monysnm P, pt p> - Kyl 1+ (K-1)\|p-=0.- 1.36 P [ ( ° i yy ae Pr PS VYpannenue (1.36) mpm uxcuponannwx snayennax ae i 1 ecTh KBagpaTHoe ypaBHenue orHocuTenbno Ky= om Hanpumep, Noo pe [P, up peat nonyame Ky= Vp" Takum o6pa30M, HegocTaToK B GoeBOu MOM CamMoneTOR rpyn- KSI MO:KHO KOMMeHCHpORATE yRenM¥CHMeM ee MCHeHMOCTH. Anano- b Py THYHO MOET OsIT paccmorpen ciy4ail, Korya p> 1, Hy> 1. Bo- 14 see nogpo6uo ora sonpocst pacemorpenu » [6]. 24Taasa 2. AJPOMMHAMUKA PAKETHI § 2.4. ADPOXMHAMHYECKME XAPAKTEPMCTHKM PAKET MW BOMPOCHI BLIBOPA TAPAMETPOB KOMNOHOBKA B aspoyuuamuxe paxer ucnossayworesn cxeayiomme bupaxenus yam cu m Momentos [10]: X= Q,= C,q8; M,= mgSb4; Y= Cas; M, mygSbq; * (2.1) C,qS; M, = mq Sl. 3yech M fanee cuuE paccMarpuBawrcs 2 noTounok CK, Momentst —n cassanno% CK. Ungexe I » o6osnavenuu cnnsaunux oceit ony- cxaom. Bemuxum C,, C,, C,, mg, my, m, — Sespasmepante aopo- [uMaMudeckue Koohdunmentst; ¢ — cKopocrnoii Hanop, S ~ xapax- TepHad usouan; b,, 1 — xapaktepunie smneiusie pasmeput. Bnegenne Koohuywenton onmpaetca na reopuwo Topobun HepnouaraisHo Gvslo MPAHATO AAA ROSByKOBMX cKopocteH. [Ina chepxsnyKonMx cKopoctell uMeeT MecTo HamMuMe cymectBennoi sa- pucuMocta Koop punuenton or wacsa M. Paccmorpum Kparxo ocuonnsre Koshbunuenrst. Boxee nopob- 10 9TH nOMpocs paccmorpenst w [7]. 1. KoafGuyuenm nodvemnot cuss. [an xosphunuenra Cy n HAOCKOM [BIGKEHMM UpMUMMacToR saBMCHMOCTD aMHeiHAR OTHOCH- veubuo yrion on 6: C= Cfa+ C88, (2.2) rye & — yrom araxu; § — yrox orksonenma opraxa ynpannenns; cy, cé — YacrHsie MpomsBoguDe m0 coorercrayiomam aprymenTam. Ecau nopemnot cunoH oTKnOHeHHOrO pyiA MO cpaBHeHuN c noeemHow cuuoi nce pakerst MomKHO mpeHeOpeyb, To B (2.1) ocraeren mmm mepantit wen. 2. Kosfiguyuenm 20606020 conpomusaenua. [lan Kooppunnenta C, 8 WHocKOM ABWKCHHH UpHuMMaecTcA 3aBMCMMOCTE 5 25 C= Cog Cy, (2.3)rye C,g — no6onoe conpormanenne mpu wysenom yrne aTakM mM He- orktonennsrx pyaax; C, ‘si ~ MUMYRTMBHOe CONpoTHBAeHMe, AAA KOTO- poro oObIYHO IIPHHMMaeTCA KBagpaTHunad ganmcumocTs or O u 5. Taxum o6pazom, C,= Cyt Ato + AMP 054 A552, (2.4) me A%%, A% 4 58 _ wacrmse MpoHsROAHBIe BTOporo MOpAWKa (KO- sbdunuents annpoxcamayun). Ecau npene6pew orknonenmem pys, 0 ; C,= Cyt AM OP = Cyt Cho? (2.5) 3. Basaucuposownan nosapa, Paccmotpum Ganancuponounsit pemum mosera. B o1om pexume Koopduuuent momenna m, panen nyo u Meany a a 8 ecrs onuosnadnaa 3anucumocrs. IIpanuman aTy sanucuMocTs aMHeitnod, noxyuum a= K,8. (2.6) Teneps coraacno (2.2) a (2.4) 6yner Cyt KC?; « : (2.7) 9ro ypasnenme Canancmponowno# nonapu. padun oroit sann- CHMOCTH ecTh KBagpaTHan mapadoaa. , Bueyem nowarHe aopoquuammucckoro KavecTRA paxerst C, C tv =—/_ 2.8 C, Cyt xct (2.8) aa y Jan waxomkgenna maxcnMansnoro Kavectna upoxudbopennn- pyem (2.8) no C,. Hpupannunaa npowsnonays nymo, maiixom Hogeranasn oto nupaenne x (2.8), noayunm 26S Komen sien b VEL (2.9) ‘amix= 3k Cg 2 ‘20 20 [aa conpemenmux paxer K,ma= 2+ 8 Teonorpuyeckn wax: eMMAsBHOe KaweCTHO PAKeTH m CooTReTCTByMMIMe eMY SHATCHUA Z,, & u G, maxonaven mponenennem Kacatemsuoi x moampe us navana xoopaunan. Onworiy, "to n pemumo Maxcmcamsuoro Ka- weetna C,= 2C,q. Ilo ananoran ¢ nonapod » noromoi CK xoxo oupesenats mouspy un cuaganno% CK. Menomaya cans stax CK, moxysaem Cy= C, cosat C, sina= C,; Cyy= C, cos ~ C, sina= C,~ C,a, orkyna cuenyet reomerpw4ecknit crocod mepecrpoenus onHoi nonspsr B Apyryy. 4. Koafiguyuenm npodoavnoco momenma. [laa Koaddunuenra m, B WHOCKOM [RWKEMMM UpMNMMacTcA sanucmMocTS m, (a) + m,(6)= m@a+ ms. (2.10) Bqocs mt, m® 1, — YACTHBIC MpOMsROAHEIE 10 cooTHETCTDYIOMHM apry- meuram. Upeo6pasyem mponsnoguyi m. Vincom am, am, aC, a Omz_ am, Ly na nl, me Se FG, Ba CUM C, Bxogaman cioqa npousnoguaa mS mpegcranaser coGoii sanac 1 upoxousuok crarmueckok ycroiuunocru. Ee duauveckuit cmmicn — GospasMepHoe WxeXO MOADeMHON CHILI PAKeTE OTHOCHTeTHO Wen- Tpa macc, 7.e. mov = Fp~ Fp. . (2.14) C, Craruuecku yoroitumnoi KommononKe coornercrayer mv< 0, 'y aro B coorneretnum c (2.11) osmayaer, wo nenTp taAKeCTH paKerst OKT BUepeRM agponMuammyeckoro oxyca (TowKA UpHAOKeHUA 27pabHopelicrsylomek aspo_uHamayeckax can). KommononKa cospe- MeHHBIX pakeT O62aqawT 3amacoM craTH4ecKow ycToiumnocra. B TO 2e BpeMA 9TOT samac He JouMeR Ours uaxuMHe OompUEM, 4TO IpHBOAMT K CHWKEHMIO yIpaBAAeMOCTHM paKeTEI. 5. KoagiGuyuenm nomenma xpena. [ua xovppuunenta m, upu- HUMaeTCA 3ABMCHMOCTS 0 , tn mf (8,)+ mz (04, Oy) + my (Oy, Oy, 8, By. (2.42) Byech mo — MOMeHT, CO3qaBaeMbI OpraHamM cTabuiMsanMM KpeHa (anepoHamu); m, Mm, — MOMeHTH Kocoro oOpyBa, 3aBucAIMe OT KavanbHMX YrHOB aTaKu u OTKAONeHMK OpraHos ynpaBxeHHA n KaHa- WaX W ABIAIONMECA BOSMYMeHHAME JIA KaHana Kpena. ['naBAne 47e- bl OTHX BOSMYW[alOMMX MOMCHTOB MMeIOT BEL mg (Cty, ly) = K (Oly OF — Oty 08) ; (2.13) mg” (Oty Oy, By, By) = Ky (04 Syy~ Oty 3) (2.44) Ormerum, wo cbopmyan (2.13) u (2.14) ecrs coorpercrsenno opmyxs Paiixa u Osepanuia. Ms (2.43) caeqyer, yr0 moment m,, o6pamaerca 'b Hyxh m cuyuae Maenpa paker n mxocKocTH cumMepum, 7.e., mpm O4= 0,= 0 nan oy] = lo], a moment m," o6pamacren B uymb, ecm B MpoxomEHO-GoKonom yDHKeHKH . * yerawaniusaeros Ganancuponownni pemum”, 7.0. PaccmorpuM Tenep Bompoc 0 pacnoaaeaenbix yrmax arakn u ueperpysKax pakerst, B paccMarpHmaeMoM Kuacce paker wcmomy- aylorea KpecTOKpuaHe KoMMOHOBKM (yrom pasnana KpKaweD mM py- aeit pase 90°) c rangemuo pacnosoxenunmu opranann ympanste- nus (pyaamn). Ormeram, uno pyam MoryT wcnOmBsORaTKCA KaK We- saBucuno (Kaxgutit pyth uMeer oTgexsuutit upunon), ra x o6%e- AMHATECA B TPH KaHana (nepBui m Topol — ocHOMMHE, TPOTH Ocobermocramn aoponMmamnuecknx xapaxrepeTH KoMMOHONOK ¢ pemeruariMn pysamn mloxpoGHo paccuarpwnaiores a [7] « [12]. 28— Kpen), mpuvem 970 o6bequHeHMe MomeT GnITA KAK Mexann4e- OREM, TAK M oeKTpPHIECKEM. Paccmorpum yimarpaMMy pacnomaraemMx yruos aTaka B none- pesuo# naocKocra (pyc. 2.4, a). Myers Kavanonme yram arvana 4 9= Ky 8, 41 (8,11 — Yeast orkaOMeHMA pyaeit » ocHORHMX Kana- uax). Torga yrom arakw B OncceKTopHOu nxocKocTH a= Vor+ ob . Eomn Gy 9= G, — MakcuManbune sHaveHua KananbHBIX yruoR arTaxH, TO MAKCHMAEHOe SHaveHMe yrxa araxm n GueceKropHoit mnocKocts Gis= 1,440, . Puc. 24 Takum o6pasom, mpy mepexoxe or Kanana K OucceKropy yrom aTakM Hapactaer mo saxony cexanca. Orciona cnenyet nemecoo6pas- HOCTh yUpanienut pakerow n maockocTa Seccexropa — cxema X. Taxue npopaboTKM m3necTHH, OMHAKO AO HACTOAMero BpeMeHH OK He BueApennt. Tepeiiem teneps & pacnomaraemum meperpyaKam paKerst 1 paccMonpum sanucuMocrs pacnosaraemoit neperpyexm paKeTst D Ka- naxe (cxema +) or nitcorm v wuoxa M nonera. Tanuanan quar 29P y cHuMacrcR py yBeNWIeHUM BMCOTH M yMeHLiMeHMM YNcHa M. Oh- hoxr cummenua neperpysku Upu ysexmuenun nuicors momera cBs- 3aH C MayeHHeM OTHOCHTENLHOM NAOTHOCTH aTMOCdepH, 3azqaBaemonw cranaptHoi armocdepot (MCA). Jun pacueros, ue rpe6ywumx 6ombmom TOTHOCTH, MOMHO UpHUATS pauma nP= f(H,M) mpuneyena na puc. 2.1, 6. Bugum, wro n Orcioga cuenyer, 470 NPM ypeaMueHMH nHcoTH Ha KARAME 5 RM nuorHocts cHusaetes ponno 9 Ba pasa. Hanpmmep, apm NOMeneHNH BECOTH Moera or yaa po 50 KM uMeem k= 10, 2'= 1024 (rounoe saayeune no MCA — 1130), 7.e. norpemuocrs ~ 10%). PaccmorpaM orpauuvenua 0 neperpyaKe paKerst. 1. Maxcumazpuas pacnoxaraemaa neperpysna paxerst ompene- useTcH 3 YCHOBMA pabencTRa pacnonaraeMow neperpysKku moTpeb- noi, TorpeCuaa maa conpeMextmux paxor neperpysxa onpeneuserca COOTHOUIeHHEM, BMTEKAIOMMM 3 YcuOBMA HaneReHHA Ha MaHeRpH- pylomy yexb 10 MeTORy MpoMopyMoHanbHOro cOnMKeNMA: 7 N ne max= ymax= Wy ymax « (2.45) BHECh My may — MAKCHMATEHA eperpysKa Maxenpa wean; N — 1o- cromuuas morona. Upmumman » (2.45) my may= 10+ 12; N= 3 (on- P P nax= 30+ 36, 470 « peasnayeres THMaspHoe sHaveHue), Mony4aem 7m Ha coppemMenmmx paxerax. 2. Pacttoaaraeman neperpyska, coorpercrsyiomas Maxcumasth- Hoi BbicoTe mpuMenenna paxers. B Hacroamee spema npunsro, To nl Had laa cxempt + qomKaa yRoReTBOpATL yoOBMIO 1} Hina) 2 3: (2.16) Yeuxonne (2.16) mpaunmaerca Kak neo6xomuMmoe. Ero qoctaroy- HOcTh Mponepserca pH oTpaSoTKe cuCTeMI ynpanseuMKA paxKersi. Banaya onpeqenenmA mapamMeTpoR aspoyunammyeckoit KOMMO- HORKM B TONHOM MOcTAHOBKe saKMOAeTCA B ONpeAeReHUM pasMe- 30pos, PopMst mu wonoKeHMA HecymuX u yupanAAoMUxX nmoRepxHo- creii ABAAeTCH MHOTONapamerpuyecKoi. OxnaKo Ha srane dop- MuponaHMs OOMHKA pakeTM 97a saqaya Momer OuTs ycevena H cneqema K BuIOopy ABYX MapaMerpos: niomaqu S, KoHconei KpEIAa u nxomagu S, pyza (puc. 2.2, a). Ornoca yeasanune nnomayn K THOMaAM MHYeTA, NOTYYMM OTHOCHTeNDHBIE MapaMeTpE (2.17) +r Vimenuo orm mapamerpsl u MpMnmMasores » KaNecrne Bapsmpy- emux. [lo omy paspa6oTKm coppemenumx paxer S,= 0+ 5; B,= 2+ 4. Ormeram, sto snasenue S,= 0 coorneremyer GecKps- jomy Kopnycy. Paccmorpum pacuerune yenonum pas onpenestenna napamerpos (2.17). Mockouky agpoqunamuseckme xapaxrepucrn- 34KE 3aBMcaT oT uncna M, paccMorpenme FOMKHO UPOBOAMTECA AAA paya 3HavenMi sroro ucua. B nepsom upnOamwxeHuM pocTaTo4HO n3a suayenna M : ogo possykosoe M, = 0,8+ 0,9; apyroe cpepx- anyxosoe My= 3+ 4. Yenonus nuGopa napamerpon (2.17) cpogsr- ca K cuemyioujemy: 1) o6ecnevenne » coornercrauu ¢ (2.16) saganuoi pacnona- raemo# meperpysku Ha Hay; 2) o6ecnevenue tpe6yemoro sanaca mpogomsHoi% crarmrecKoi yeroiiumpocra » pexumax M= My « M= M, npu mavansuoit uen- pore; 3) oGecnevenme Tpe6yemoro sHavenna Gaxancuposownoro yraa aTakH UpM Konewxow NenTponKe B pexume M= My. Paccmorpum orm ycnonma Gonee moxpobuo. Ha pwc. 2.2, 6 Upuneqen Xapakrep WSMeNeHMA KOOpAMHAT zp Up B yMKGWE uucaa M. Ommerum, uT0 mpm ysemmuennu uncna M, 7.c. npu ue- pexoye or penuma M= M, x pexumy M= M, coxyc paxerst cme- macrea suepes. Mo omstry orpaGorkm aspomunamnyeckux xapaxre- PcTHK psa paket Takad saBMcuUMocTh XapaxtepHa xzp(M), 10 Kpaiinei Mepe, jan Kpumses Maxoro yaaunenua (A~ 0,3). [lan KOOpAMHATH zp NPMBELeHHI HAYanbHOe M KONeUHOe sayenMa. Hyn- KTMPOM youOBHO WOKasaH Mepexom or sHaxenua » K sHaveHmo , IIpw taxom xapakrepe uamenenun Koopaunars zp(M) Kpn- mmm m0 yeroimnocn anagerca poxum M= M, » coverannn ¢ wayasHoi yeHTpoBKO:. § 2.2. KIACCHOMKAIMA ASPONMHAMMYECKMX CXEM AM CHOCOBOB CO3JAHMA YIPABJAIONIMX CHIT OGmenpuusran KnaccH@uKanuA aspomMHAaMMyeCCKMX CXeM CAMO- HeToR W pakeT OCHOBaHA Ha NpH3HaKe BsaMMMOrO pacnorOMeHHA Hoqawaunx (yupaRamomax) u enoqawxnux (Hecymx) nOBepx- Hoctell Wo 4MNe Kopnyca; 10 sTOMy mpHanaKy nce aspoaumamn- MecKMe CXEMM JeuATCA Ha TPH THA: , KOTOPaM MHOTAAa BEIAeNAeTCA B Ca- MOCTOATEIBUMH THN), 4yTKA>, «MOBOpoTHOe KpBUI0>. Dra Kaacen- (buxanus, ommaKo, oGtanacr pagom HegocTATKoD, OCHOBIEIM M3 KO- TOPHX ABIAETCA OTCYTCTBUE KOMMIECTREHHOH MOpEL, YTO me TOsRO- 32.AKeT COMOCTABLATL M ONEHUBATS pasHMINMNe KOMMOMOBKM, CooTHET- CTByIOINHe OHO MIM pasHHM cxemam. OcoOule 3aTpyqHenuA BO3- HBKAIOT MPM OWeHKe CXeM (HaNpuMep, cxeMEI, Mpomemyrounok meaty cxemoi «yrka» m cxemoi «mosoporHoe Kppi0>), KOTOpHe, KAK NpanUrO, M pearMayIoTcA B peanbHBX pas- pa6orxax. Bmecte ¢ Tem MO‘KHO MpeqmomUTS HenpepsMHyW KomHVeCTREH- Hy!o Kuaccuhmxanwo, BkMOTAIOMYIO B KayecrRe YacTHMX cryvaen TpayMyMonuO nEZentemae TANK. Ochonnat uqen stoi KTaccHbR- Kalu COCTOHT B y4ere yRebHOTO Beca NORPeMHOM CHIH, cosma- BaeMOM 3a C4eT OTKNOHEHUA OpraHa yupaBreHMA B NOMHOM NOp's- emuoi cune. Iycrs Y(8) u Y(a) — nogqpemmne cua, BosHuKaw- MMe Ha pakeTe COOTBETCTBEHHO 3a CUeT OTKIOHEHMA Oprana yn- passenua 5m yrua arakn © B Oamancuposounom pexume. Baegem o6o6mennEi napamerp n =-(—Y®__ Gon YO le (2.18) Tlycrs ona woppeMuol CHI, BOSHUKAOMAA Up OTKNOHeRME OpranHa yupaBeHMA Maja NO CpaBHenMio c CocTaBARIOMe, cBAgaH- uo ¢ yraom arana, rc. Y(8)$ ¥(a), rorga K,—> 0 4 mot meen upearbuylo pyresyio cxemy. Yurem rTeneph 3sHaKk cocTaBraiomel Y(8). Ecam Ganancaponka pakerst TaKona, 4TO MomORMTeALHOMY auaky yrua araKM coornercrayer moxomuTensuui sHaK yrna 8, 70 K,— 0° (waxan nonoxurensnas nemmumia). Yeasannas Garancn- ponka coornercrnyer cxeme «yrxa». Eos ate nonomurenbuomy 3ma- KY @ cooTneTcrayer oTpHyaTerbunit sHax 5, To K,— 0”, T.e. uMe- em Gaxancuponky, coornercrayiomyio «1opmasbnoii» cxeme. Iycrs romepp Y(o) << ¥(8), rorga K,> 1, a MB umeom cxemy mpeans- noro ¢mopopornoro Kpsina>, Urax, pBeqenunit o6obmennHi mapa- erp K,, Woswouser xapakrepugonat» KamqyIo m3 pacemarpunaemux xem weKoropsim wHCHOM. Paccmorpum cxyyali pakemst c amneiimumu aepormmamusecku- Mu xapaxtepncTmKamn, 7.0. y@=C83; Y= Coa. (2.49) Tlogeranaax (2.19) w (2.18), moxyyaem 33K,=%/ (0+ Ky). (2.20) oe a ‘ Byes y= —L ; Ky= |S] — xooheunuenr Ganancmponowoi 3a- a) Ka®|§ ce Sax BHCHMOCTR. Tycrs 2%, 25, Zp — coornercrnenno orHocuTexpane Koop- AuHATH, ONpexerAMMNe NOLOKeHHe oKyca pakeTs 10 yruam O& u 6 u nexrpa macc. Torga napamerpn: K, u K, Moryt Oxits na ocuonanun (2.20) sanucanm » sage al K, n . (2.24) al a bao 1 a= Xa oo BI sl Ws (2.21) cneyer, v0 nenmumHa u anak mapamerpon K,, K, omponeaserca naammunm pactoromennem rower Zp, FS, =>. Has crarucrayecku ycrowumsnx Kommonosox Z¥—- Eq_> 0. Torna ws (2.24) enenyer: 1, Hak m nemmunHa OGoGmenKoro mapamerpa K, oupegenser- CH BSaMMHLIM pacnosomennem oxycos no a w S. Ecun hoxye no § nexur anepeaqu (caaqm) Qoxyca no O, TO nenmauna K,> 0 (K, < 0). 2. Bua u neamamna napamerpa K, ompeqeunerca nsanmunim pacnoxomenuem poxyca mo 5 u menrpa Macc. Hoan doxyc 16 3 nexur wmepequ (csanm) noutpa Macc, to nemmunna K,> 0 (K,< 0). Bnegem renops naocKocrs napamerpon K,, Ky m uasonem ec muarpammom coctosunua (puc. 2.3). B eprom Keagpante oto# quarpamant (K,>0, K,> 0) pac- HoNaPawTcA CXeMbI C MepeAHMM pactonomReHMeM Opraon yupanute~ nua (CXeMa «yTKa> M «MOROPOTHOe KpEITO»), B TPeTBeM KHampante (K,< 0, K,< 0) — cxemet ¢ aagnmm pacnonosenmem opranon yn- panienna («1opManbuaa» cxema). M, nakonen, Bo BTOpoM KBayt- paure quarpammn (K,> 1, K,< 0) — cxemu, mmeroume Ganancn- 34POBKY THNa . Ky 4 15 0,75 0,50 /-__. : \A 0,25 M2 3 =0,05 “6 Lx=005 0 I I, | |7 ' 0.25 [2 7 jc ag -0,50 1 ' | -0,75 - | { I 1,00 -1,50 -1,25 1,00 -0,75 -0,50 -0,25 0 0,25 0,50 0,75 Ky Puc. 2.3 AvanM3 CTaTHCTHKH 10 CORPeMCHHLIM OTeYeECTBEHHEIM MH 3apy- Gommum paketam (cM. TouKH wa pwc. 2.3) noKassaer, 470 nce ouM pacnonaraiorca Ha MarpaMMe BOnu3m KpMBHIX X= const, mpH- 4M Ka2KLOMY M3 THNOB CXeM COOTBETCTBYeT CBOe aHAYeHMe %: TAK, Waist CXeMH Tuna «yTKa> X= 0,05, cxemsr «monopoTHoe KpEIn0> x= 0,5, «xopMansnok cxemum» y= 0,1. Baxnoit oco6ennocraw cra- TACTHKM ABIAOTCA CYMCCTROBANMG , cocrasuno K,= 0,4+ 0,5. O6bacnenme stoi ocoGenHocTa peanbUHIx paspa6orok camsaNo ¢ cymecTROBAHMeM MpoTHBopedMBHX TeHReH- quit sauaums venwiman K, wa xapakropmormen paxerst. Anamns moKashBaer, I70 yRenuuenue K,, upmBogamee K yIyamenmIo ]H- HAMMUYCCKUX XapakrepucTHK pakeTH (BpeMA BEIXOMa Ha saaHHErit yrom arakm, orcrananue no dbase mpa orpa6orxe KomeSaToxsaHx cnrmason), ComponOmaercH YXYAMenweM crarm¥ecKmx xapaxrepu- CTHK pakeTs (pocT MapHMpHHIX MoMeHTOR, Bospactanue C, u T.7.). Paspemenme oToro NpOTHBOpeIMA 3a CUeT KOMMPOMHCCA UM ABIACTCA UpMIAHOM NOABIEHUA NPOMEKYTOYHNX KOMUOHOBOK. Bamuok oco6ennoctsw uarpaMMBl cocTOsHMA aBmAeTcA TO, Y¥TO Ha Heil AerKO M30OpaKawTCA CXEMHL, MMeWOINMe [Be MapH Op- TaHOB YUpaBeHHA B KaxXLOM W3 NpoLonbHO-GoKORNX KaHaOB. Tak kak 8 oro cuy4ae mapamerpu K,, « Ky; Romi ompegenarocs yaa Kaxjoro 3 opraos yupasnenma (i= 1,2), 70 TaKan cxema usoOpamaerca Ha AMarpaMMe j{ByMA cBAsaHHEIMM TouKaMH. Ha pac. 2.3 8 Kavecrse npumepa mpmnegeno uso6paxenue cxemn (cna- sanuue touxm A mB). Touka A, xapakrepmayomaach sHavennamn Ky = 0,4; Ky, = 0,5, coorsercrsyer Sanancuponxe Tuna «no0Bo- pornoe Kpsinos, outa B, xapakrepuayeman suavenusmn Ky9=—- 0,3; K,9= ~ 0,2, coomnercrayer Gazancnposka Tuma «HopMassHas> cxe- ma. Huxe Gyqer noKasano, ¥To wcnomDs0BaHMe WByX Opranon DB KaxOM M3 KaHaTOR MosBOrAeT MomyuMTE Gonee BEICOKMe WMHAMM- weckwe Xapakrepwcruxm paxers. Ha stom sanepmium paccmorpenno juarpamm cocronuua. Msi moxasamM, ¥TO KamKaa cxema c pocra- TOUHOH TOUMOCTHIO XapakTepHsyeTcA sHaveHMemM OGoOOmeHHOrO Ita- pamerpa K, (6oaee nono napoit K,, K, wan K,, x). 910 nosno- aseT 3afabaTs MHOMECTRO AIbTepHATHUB, ONPexerAIOMMX THN apo- WWHAMMYeCKOH CXeMB B BUC OMMOMEPHOTO uMCNOBOFO MHOMKeCTHA, 470 OcoGeHNO BaKHO mPa ucHOon»s0nanMH CATIP. Tlepeinem Teneps K paccmorpenmm cnoco6on cosyanua yupan- AmomMx cut m Momentos. Kak usnecrno, onm 0 cnoeik dusnuc- exo mpupoge Moryr Outs Kak aspoquMaMuaecKUMM, Tax H Fa30- AunaMudeckumu (peaxtusnemmn). Croco6 cosganua ynpanamounx 36CMJ HM MOMCHTOB ABUAeTCA ORHUM M3 TNABHBIX NPUSHAKOB, XapaK- Tepusyiomux cxemy pakeTs. MoxHo BMqexuTs TPH rpymMM cxem: aopoRMHaMMyeckue, rasonMHAMMUecKHe H KOMOMRNpONAnHBE (a9po- rasonuHamuueckue). Paccmorpam stor nonpoc Goxee mo_pobxo. Paxkera, Kak O6beKT ympaBeHMA, UMeeT MeCTS Crenene# cBobonM (vpH NepeMeMeHMA WeHTpa Macc M TPM BpalleHuA oTHOCHTeETBHO cCBAsaHHEX ocei). Apearbuaa yupannaemocts Tpebyer Bosmom- HOCTH He3aBMCMMOrO CosqaHUA Tpex cus: R,, Ry, R, uw tpex momentos: M,, M,, M,. Takum o6pasom, nonmas xapaxrepnorn- ka yupasseuaa momer Oxtth npencrasnena s suge Trabant (cM. pac. 2.4, a), wmerme rp erpoxs (ocm: OX, OY, OZ) u apa cron6ya (CHIBI BOM 9TAX OCel, MOMCHTH OTHOCHTeENBHO 9THX oceit). B xauecrne cum R, Bucrynaer tara yemrarens, n Kavectne cux R,, — mowsemman cua paxerst, Moment M, — ects moment xpena, Momenmst M, , — mpogoubso-Goxonute momenrst. @axropel Ocul Cuna Moment R M x | __tara pew ve oe Y | noabemvan |nonepewnein aa oe a 7_| nombeMHaA [nonepesnE lel ll 1 0 1 1 0 oO 0 6 ol 0 Jlanee nMecro rabxums SyqeM paccMatTpuBaTh MaTpuny, HMe- 1OnlylO TPM crpoKM uw yBa crom6ya. Yorosumca o6osHauaTh oneMeH- us Marpaaat | a 0, ecam ucnomnsyercs aspoqunammueckmi (3a cxor oMOprHs nNeUuNero MoTOKa) uaxM rasoAUNaMMecKHMi (3a cxeT ouCprMM of caMraNMs TONTMDA, pacnonor%ReHHorO wa Gopry) cooT- nererbylomuit cnoco6 ynpanuenua. Wockombxy KomnonentH Cu 37M moryt Outs I uau 0, To pasnmunHM cnocobam ynpaBnenna GyAYT COOTBETCTROBATH MATPHUL C PasMMYHIM KOAMYECTROM M pac- Tosomennem nyse mn eqMHUN (Hya-e_MHMIEME MaTpunEs). Raxoso xe o6mjee KonM4eCTBO TAaKMX MaTPHY (BOSMOMHBIX alb- repuaran)? IIpexge, vem orserurs wa stor womipoc, mponeyem ue- KoTopHe yrounenms. OrmeruM, uo snemenT ay,= 0, Tak KaK Tara Beerga coaqaeTca rasoqMHamMMyeckmM cuocobom. Jlamee, 1a pakeTH CHMMETPHYHOM CXCMEI MO7KHO HOMOKMTE y= dy3, dgo= dg. B stom caytae (pc. 2.4, a) qocrarouno pacemarpunats marpuny 2x 2. O6mee ycxo ausrepHaran N= mm. (2.22) “Oreroga npn m= 2, n= 3 nosyaum N= 8. Ha pac. 2.4, 6 mpu- BexeHE BOCEMb MATPHU, COOTRETCTRYIOMMX B pPaccMaTpuaBaeMOM cuyyae BCeM BOSMOKHEIM aubTepHataBaM. Buyum, yo MaTpana M, weer oma nyas, Marpamm M,, Mj, M,— nea nyan, mavpumpt Ms, Mg, M; — tpa uyas, Matpana Mz — 4ersipe ayna. PaccmoTpaM ocHoBune u3 Humax. HamOonee ynorpeOuTenbna cxema, coomercrnyioman mMarpune My. 3gech noybemuute cus uo RCe MOMEHTE COBRAOTCA aDpORMHAMMYeCKUM cnocoGoM — aTa cxe- Ma cooTseTcTByeT pakeraM C aopoxmMHaMMyecKuM ynpansenmem. Cxema, coomerersyioman marpune Mg, cots cxoma ¢ rasonmuamu- yecKHM ympabuenueM. PaxeTsi, REIMONHeHHEIe MO 9TOK cxeMe, MC- nospayoren B Kocmoce. Ocramsune Marpuun M,, i= 2,7 coorner- crsyor paxeram c Kom6unuposanuiim (asporasoqumamuyecKuM) yupapsenmem. B nactosiyee ape actorbayiotca cxemn, coorser- crayiomue Marpuye M,, rae noAbemHbIe cus CosfalorcA avpoqu- HaMM4eCKHM CMOCO6OM, 4 MOMCATH — rasoqunammueckum. [locnen- Hee cBAgaHO C HeOOXOMMMOCTEIO OGecKHeYeHMA MaqexKHOrO crapra paketit mpu Gompmmx yrmax aTakm wocurems. § 2.3. MOMEDb AOPORMHAMMYECKHX CHI M MOMEHTOB OCECHMMETPH4HOM PAKETHI HA BOJbIMX YPIAX ATAKH Maremarmueckan Moyes pakeTht fowHa comepKarh u KayoCT- be naxneimed coctannmomel vacrH ypannenua qua Koodpbunn- eHTOR aspoxMHaMMuecKMX CMA M MOMeHTOR KAK QyHKNWi mnorMx 38mepeMenubix. Aprymentamu oTax yHKOMI aABNAOTCA yrun a, O, onpexexmonme MrHOReHYIO OpMeHTanMo BeKTOpa cKOpocTA oTHO- curembHo cnmsamnoi cuctem Koopammar, yrast §,,...,3,, ompe- NeaAOMMe MrHOReHHYI0 reoMeTpHIO pakeTsI KaK TRepROrO Tea, e€ tak HasbBaemyio 5-konurypanuio. Tonyuenue srux dynxuMit onn- paeTcH Ha MCHONL30RAHMe JAHHHX MpO_yBoK MogereH B asponu- HaMMuecKux Tpy6ax. OrMeTuM, 4TO OT apryMeHTOS &, @ BOSMOKEH nepexoy K KawaxbHBIM yrwiaM aTakM Ha OCHORe BsaMMOO_HOsHAY- uoro mpeo6pasonanua O,= 4 cosP; A= a sing; ot = of + ob. Takum oOpasom, sqech & — monnsiik yron araku; @ — yrom aspoqMnamMMueckoro Kpena. Amanorm4Ho BeKTOpy wHHeHHO CKOpO- cra V Moryt 6xITh paccMoTpeHst mpoeKumu @,, Oy, G aGconoruoi yrxonok cKopocrm spamenus paxers (ee cansannoit CK) noxpyr meurpa mace wa ocm cassannok CK. M agecs nogera- HOBKOM O,= O SiNGy, O,= Oy COSP, MORMO NepekTu K NonAp- HBIM WepeMeHALIM Oy, Py. ©, BeKTopa Paccmorpum temeps rpymay aprymenron, onpenenmionyax mrHo- ReHMoe MosOMKeHMe Opranon yupansenma paxerst ce S-Komurypa- mo. lux pakerst cn opranamu ynpansenusa a pu yoxonun ne- BaBMCUMOTO OTKTOMEHMA KaxorO opraia uMeem By = [81 820-0 0By} BagkusIM vacrHEIM cIyyaeM, K KOTOPOMY MII LocTosHHO GyneM oOpamarsen, anunercs KpecroKpsiaan paxera ¢ n= 4. Myers m0- HOMUTEMHOe OTKIOMEHME KAMKNOrO us pystelt cOoTReTeTRyeT 9me- ponnoi xomburypauwa. Torga npu $,> 0, i= 1,4 (saquue kpomnn pysoi uy wins) Moments m,, m,, m, onpenemsorca cmepyto- yr umn 6-Koudurypanuamn: + (8+ b+ 8+ 8): 2(8- Bi): Bue 3(&- &): Banepmran paccmorpenme apryMenron uameit moqexu, nuyum, uTO YMCO OCHOBHEIX apryMenToR ecTh n+ 2. B yvacruoctu, qua KpecroKpHuok pakerst mMeeM mecTh apryMenton 0, , 54). 39Teneps mepeiiqem K paccmorpesui d@yHxqni MM — CuM, 3 KavecrBe KOTOPHX BuCTyNaWT GespasMepHHe KoaPpunMeATH agpo- Twnamuueckax CaM: {Ces€ysCzsmgsmy mg}. Onpenexenue sanucumocra $yuxquit or apryMenron mpousne- eM B aBa TAMA: Ha Wepsom — OMpeyeruM sanucuMocTs hynKNsi UMULb OT apryMeHTOB O, Q, Ha BTOpoM — KaK OT apryMeHTOB O, Q, Tak M OT apryMenTOR 8a): Haunem c nepeozo omana. Hapayy c CK Oxyz, sneyem nonep- nytyo cassaunyo CK Oren, oc OF uw On xoropok opnenrupo- BaHM COOTHETCTREHHO Mo WAOCKOCTH yrua aTAKM H WO HOpManH K Heit, « Haiijem cash Mempy Koshdunwentamu p acxomuo m 10- sepnyro CK. Ovenuqno, “ro xoahpunments C, u m, 3 o6enx cucTeMaxX COBMAaQalT, a MeAY OCTAIBHHIMM MMeIOT MeCTO COOTHO- meHna C,= Cz cosp+ Cy sing; m, = m, sing+ Me COS; (2.23) - CG, sing+ C, cos@; m= m, I) COS PH Me sing. B paccmarpunaemom cayyae Koad punuenta anamores hbyux- WWAMM AMItb apryMenton & mw 9. OGosHaduM oTry dynKyMO B o6mem cxyxae F(a, 9). [ua kamyoro uKcuposannoro & B cuay uswuecKkoro cmbicna yria 9, ynKyaa F(a,9) sBaaetca ono- 3HAauHOH mepuomuyecko yaKnuel storo yrua. Ipepcranum ee » opme F(a, 9) X (4%) cosk o+ b,()sinkg ), 0,4,2,..., (2.24) ke mBamomoelicA TPHTONOMeTpHYeCKMM MOMMAOMOM OT @ pH duKcHpO- BanHOM O M OOMKHOReHHMIM OAMAOMOM OT & pH huKcHpoBaHHOM g. Taxy cbopmy npegcransenna hynxnna F(x, @) mpunato wasni- BAT CMEWOHNDLM NOAUHOMOM. PaccmotpuM ocHoBunie cBotcraa dynKuun F(a, @), BuireKaw- mwe U3 HaIMYMA reoMerpuyecKOH cCHUMMeTpHH KOMMOHOBKH: 3ep- KasbHOH OTHOCHTENBHO OAHOM U3 KOOPAMHATHMIX MTOCKOCTeH Hu OCe- boi orHocHTesHHO mpogompHoH ocn [14]. 40Sepkaavnan cuMMerpusA OsHa¥aer wane TaKOi mmocKocTH, comepmamel ocs paxers, wo moGan TO¥KA MOBepxHocTH paKerst, wekatan 10 ONY cropony stoi moRepxHocTH sepKaiHHO orpama- erca Ha TOUKY WORepxNOcTH, nemamei mo upyry! cropony. Ocean cumMerpua nopayKa n (n-roHambHas) osHayaer, 470 Up WoBOpOTe pakeT OTHOCUTeENbHO NpoAONsHOH ocm Ha yromr = (vak HasbiBaeMEtit yrom 3aMKHyTOH OMepanMM) ee OBRepxHOCTD copMemjaetca cama ¢ coboi. Kpecroxpsiaan KOMMOHOBKa OOnaqaer ocenom cummetpuet c n= 4. Cayvaii n= 1, umelommit nannasmmit NOpAOK CUMMETPUM, CoOTBeTcrRYeT sI06OK KoN@urypanuM, cxyyail n= — TOILKO Tey BpanenuA. Ilpuseqem MpHMepsl KpecTOKpHINLIX KOMMOHOROK, oOOmaqaiomux npw pasmmunmx S-KOHNpUrypanMAX pasmMuHNMM BHAaMM CHMMeT- PUM: sopkamBuOl mM OceROM, TomBKO sepKambHOIt, TOMBKO oceROit (puc. 2.5). Ilycrh paccmarpmnaeman Koudurypanna obnaqaer sepKanbHoit cuMMerpuei oTrHocHTensHO MxocKOcTH Oxy, xaumomeltca HaxanoM orcuera yrios g. Tora ameem F(G,- 9)= &F (0,9); 4 mma C,) Ce, mys (2.25) ~ 1 gum C,, mg, m,. Kax uugum, xoobduuuents: CaM pacnagairea na gue rpynr koodpunuentar Cz, m,, C, (Hopmamsuste cua u Moment, qeltcr- pylomMit n MnocKocTH yrua arakm) — cuMMerpu4nue @axropm, sB- AMOUMCCA WeTHAIMM PyHKuMAMM yria O; Koohpunuenrs: Cy, Mme, m, (GoKonme cnxa a MoMen?, MomenT Kpena) — anTueHmMerpms- nue PaKTOpH, ABAMOMMecK HoTeTHEIMM hyHKMAMN yrna p. Oxe- BMAHO, ITO CHMMETpM4uBIe Hakropyl packTayHBAaWTCA 10 KOCHHY- cam, T.e. Bce b, pabubl HY0, aHTHCMMMeTpH4NDIe — NO CHHycaM, Te, RCe a, PARMA Hy. Hyors Konurypanua oGaagact eme m ocenoit cummerpHeit 10- paqwa n ("n-ronatbuoni”). Torga 6ynem mers ra.g=#[aerk Z| (2.26) ALBug lcammerpwi Koneburypauna 8 § Hynib-KoHcburypauinn 8 8 z $ 8)=8=85=5,=0 8 rs g 3 g Kavanbian é kondburypaynn s §,=-33=5y, g 8y= O48 5 & Sneponnan a KoHcburypaya 2 la 8=8.-55=5,=8, 3 é 8 Pue. 2.5 Kan caeqyer a3 (2.26), nyneniima asamworca aun Koodu- queuts mommHoma (2.23), yA KoTOpHX oTHOMeHMe k/n — ecTb Wenoe, a ocTanbHBe paBHH Hy.I0. C yuerom (2.25) u (2.26) gopma (2.24) Kouxpormsupyores: cuenyiomam o6pasom: ¢, | ©, =D a coskng, k= 0,4,...,k; m,, k (2.27) m, m| (a, 9)= > b, sinkng, k= 1,2,...,k. ¢, k 42Kax upasuxo, umenno Koapdanuents (2.27) oxcnepumentans- HO onpeyexoTcA B TpyGHHX HCHEITANUAX, MOCKOMSKY cHCTeMAa He- COBHX H3MepeHAH TpyOH OpMeHTHpyeTcA MO OCAM CHCTeMHL Oc&n. [lun pansmeiimero yyo6uo emecto enunnx a,, b, wnecta Wisk KaKGOrO us Koop hunnertos CaM ceon o6osHavenun B dopme (2.21): foun Fin ins dem ™in? Maja» Torna Baecto (2.27) nony- HM: C= D fein (@) coskn@; mz = DY my, (a) sink; k k D fin (0) coskng; m= S) myq (0) sinkng; (2.28) k k m= DL) Mn (0) coskn g; Y. fin (0) sinkng. k k Paccmorpum erpyktypy norysennsx CaM Ha mpumepe momen- ra m,. Tockonsxy » cymae (2.28) 48 stoi KOMMOHeHTH HMeeTes uneH c mageKcom k= 0, 70 B cOcTaBe MOMeHTA MOMKHO BLILeIUTH wacTh, He 3aBMCAMyIo oT yraa @. flanee B cocTaBe cyMMBI MO*HO BHACIMTL Wen, cooTnercrayiomnh aHavenmio k= 1. Unews, ne 3a- ucamme or yraa @ (k= 0) m mepwoguyeckme neu ocHonnROw yactotst (k= 1) 6yqem wassIBaTs riaBHoh yacTEI cooTBeTcTBYyW- mei Komuonenrs. [[xa Goabmmncraa npaktH¥eckux saqay yuera ux oKassinaerea ocrato¥no. Ip stom Gygyt yuTexs TaKue oco- Gennocrn CuM xpecroxpsisoi pakersi-kak HesMHeiHocTs, HanmuMe GoKOBUX cocTaBAMOMux, PasmMuMe xapaKTepucTuK B MmT0CKOCTAX Kpnita m Onccextopa. OSman crpyxrypa Koappunuentos CuM npu- Bewena ma pc. 2.6. Tencpb Hayo nossparursca or woBepuytow CK Ox&n K& wexon- uo CK Ozyz. Paspemas (2.23) ornocurensuo xoohduunenton CuM ucxoguot CK, noxysaem: 2 = DY fein (@) coskng; Ik [Edn coming] 08 9+ [Etat cining [sina Ak k 43[ Eta coring Jsing+ [Zim sining [eos k k (2.29) m,= J, May (@) sin kn 9 ; k ¥ m,, (ao) cosine Janos [= My (0) sink ]oone k [= My () coring |eon+ [= yy (2) sinkng Jsing. k k k=0,1,2,...,k. Tipeacrasnenne aspoguHammeckoi cane (momeHTa) He saBvcAume OT OTKNOHEHHA ‘SapycAUMe OT OTKNOHEHMA Gpravoe yapaaneria opranos yrpaanenna [Unextt KpyroBo Tlepnogwveckne Unexe, aonycxaioue| (Unensi, yanroieaoume| cuMMeTpKel uneHb! cynepnosMunio BIaMMOBNMAHME ‘Unenst Unenbt 3 g ‘ocHoBHoi KpaTHeix i = es wacromi | | actor 3 g | 83 8 S B5| [ee gs 5 25| |23 ol tes! lSsl |-sl [Ss g g ge] 18 oll altedl lei legi (ed) (88) | 2 fe] (Be 3\| 2/188) /26] (28| (ge 32 g g 2||3| 125] |é 8 z z 2 5 gii 3 3) (28) |&8) [Es s a 3 2 21) 2/28) (eal (Pal/zal (2 | |? | (BP) (ee &)] S| Jog) (58) logl /58} 8 2 | |e8 3) (88) [08] [88 g Z| Thasnen vacte Puc. 2.6 44®opmyxa (2.29) cupaseqamsa yaa 060% 5-Koupurypanan KOMIOHOBKM, CCIM FON @ OTCHMTHIBACTCA OT MMOCKOCTH 3epKasb- Hoi cumMMerpau. B yacruocTa, OHM CIpaBeqMBH AIA KOMMOHOBKE © HeOTKNOWCHHMMM pycaMu <«Hynb—KONUrypanunRy (8; = 8,=...= §,= 0). B ovom cxy4ae Kommononxa o6magaer cHM- Merpueli Hawsuicurero nopayka, Koropsit nogeranumerca n (2.29) n kavectne n. B Kavecrse npocteiiero npumepa npamenenua (op- myst (2.29) nomysmm nupaxenna yaa xoadbunuenton momenta KPeCTOKPHIIOM KOMMOHOBKM pH HeOTKIOHeHHEIX pynAx. Yaepxu- Bad TApMOHMKH TONBKO HMamero nopsqKa (k= 1), mMeem mpu n=4 m, [ m (0) + my (a) cosdg |sing+ my (a) sind cos; [mo (0) + my (a) cos 49 |eos 9 - m,(a) sind sing; (2.30) a mM, = Mey (0) sind. @opaysn (2.30) copepxar munumasyno weo6xoguMoe “momo uenon ata Toro, ¥ro6n MM orparkaxa pasamume momenrunx xa- x pakTepuerux B uOCKOCTA KpsIa (@= 0) u GucceRTopa [e= 4), Pacemorpum (2.30) Gox0e mogpoGuo. Ws nmparonmit qua m, 1 m, CHEAYeT, YTO «MOKAHATLHOe> MpecTanneAMe MpoKoAbHO-GoKo- BX MOMeHTOB: mM, (04), my (Gq) BosMoxKNO TONDKO pM sMNHelHO- cTM mg (@) M panencTBe WYnI0 YeTBeEpTEX rapMOHMK, T.e. IPH m, (0) = m,(0)= 0. Yeasannoe, Kak mpanuso, uMeer Mecto TOubKO npw Maubx yrmax aTaKu. PaccmorpuM Tellepb Moment m,. ITO npocreluas MOWeth Mo- Metra «Kocoro o6qyna> or yruon araxu. MpeoOpasyem Bupaxenne Ju -m,, BMpasMn cro vepes Kanansume yram araka, Yaurwpas 4 sin 4g= 4 sing cos (cos 9~ sin”g )= “a(eot- % 08 ), wl % 4g, (0) u nnoga oGosnavenne x=|—=— | , nomysum nmparxonme (2.13). o cp 45,Mepeiiqem reneps xo sropomy srany m ompenenum Koappumu- entn CaM kak yHkKquM He TONBKO OG, @, HO M yraoB 5, orKmO- HeHHa opranos ynpasnenua, oOosHayHB ux B OGmeM cryyae F(a,9,8,,..-,5,). Crpyxrypa CaM n stom cayzae momer OnTS onpeyexena Ha OCHORe MpMHNMNA KapywenuAa cuMMempuL. Corsacuo sTomy mpuununy oTKnONeRMe pymH BHOCUT B CTpYK- typy paszomenua CuM rakue anenm, KoTopne cRAgaHA C M3Me- HeHueM cuMMerpun Koudurypanum. yore pyau o6pasywr Kondu- rypanmo 8;, 8, 6. Torga m,= my (c, 9)+ (8) m," (9); my = my (0, ) + 1S) my” (, 9) 5 (2.34) mz (@, 9) + 1(6,) m,” (0,9). B orax pupaxkeuuax mepaiie cuaraemute coorserernyior KOM- nowonKam ¢ MeOTKAOHoRHDIME pynamu. lan WAX cHpanerTHno 1 paxenne (2.30) u youonua cumMetpau sepKansnoi a ocenoit ¢ n= 4. Bropste uzeus coorsercrsyiot yerosmaM usMenupmeites CHMMeTPHA, TaK KaK OTKIOHEHME PyJA YMeHBULAeT NOPALOK ocenok cumMerpan. ‘ Oynxnns 1 (8), cronmas » Bene comnonurena mepen nTopsim MNCHOM, CCT OLHOSHAWHAM, HeTeTHaR PYHKNMA, yRonrerBopAIOMan yeuonmam n0)=0; ne d=-7n@. (2.32) B npocreitmen cayae (8)= 5, vem mm nm gassuciimem u orpanuuumca. O6mas ompyktypa Koodunmentos CuM, sanncamnx or 8,, upunenena nunme wa puc. 2.6. Pacemorpum wa upumope m,” (0, @,6,,...,5,), Kak numaor na- pyueuue cuMMerpux wa cTpyKrypy monumoma, Tyers sepKaspnas CHMMeTPHA COXpaHAeTcR, A MOPALOK ocenolt eMMMeTPMM yMeMDIta- eres cn=4 qo n=2'un=4, Orpanmumnascs yxeTom verupex rapmonuK, noxyumas mig” (0,0, 845-668) =bysin4dp, maa n= 4; = 1b; sin29+ bysin4dg, qua n= (2.33) b, sing+ bysin29+ bgsin3p+ b,sindg, ana n= 1. Taxa o6pasom, yMensumenme mopsqKa ocenow cuMMeTpAN mpa- BOAUT K yenomHeHMIO HoMHOMA. Tax, Np yMenbuenua nc 4 RO 1 KomMuecTRO YNeHOR R pasMOKeHAM yBemMIMBAeTCH ¢ OMHOTO AO xersipex. OTMeTHM, ¥TO IPH WCKMOTeRMM sepKarbHOk cHMMeTpHA KOMMVECTBO WeHOR eme Gonee yRerMUMBAeTCA 3a CYeT KOCHHYCOB. Obmee sixparxenme gx HomMHOMA m,” AA KpectoKpuIIO! KoM- HOHOBKH (YepKXHBAeM TAapMOHMKM AO VeTBepPTOM BKMUNTeEIbHO) C YYTOM PACHONORCHAA PYNA OTHOCUTENBHO MHOCKOCTH BepKanbHon CHMMeTpHM wMeeT BHI m,”=n 6p[ 40+ a, cos 9+ a, cos 29+ ay cos 30+ a,.c0s 49 ]+ + 16 ,)[ a9~ ay sin @ — ay cos 29+ ag sin 39+ a, cos 40 ]+ +1 6)[ 40- 44 C08 @+ Gy cos 29— ag cos 30+ a,.c08 40 ]+ + 1) a+ a, sing — ay cos 29 — ag sin 30+ 04.008 49 }. Orciona rpynumpya cuaraemse B APYTOM NOpayKe, NomyTHM m, = [n (en 63) ] [40+ ay, Cos 29 + a, cos 40 |+ + [n @)+7 6) | [a ~ ay cos 29+ a,cos ig ]+ + [n@)~ 163) | [at cos p+ 43 c08 30 |- - [n@y~ 16) | [ sino ~ a, sin 39 |. (2.34) Va (2.34) suquo, 470 wenn B NepRoi m BTOpow crpoKax 06- pasylot MomenT addexrmsnocru pyxeit KaK onepoHOB, MocreqHMe nue crpokn gator o6o6mennyi dopmy momenta Kocoro’ o6myna. Buqno TawKe, 4To “eM, comepRAMMe WeTHMe rapMonMKA, xa- paxrepusyor opexrunnocts pysei Kak omepoHoD, YwenB c He- YOTHLIMM rapMOHMKaMM XapakTepusyloT MOMeHT KOCOrO OOpyRa. AlPaccmorpam renepb ma ocHoBanum (2.34) meKoropme yacTHIe Konurypanun. 1. Hya» xongurypanua: Umeem y= y= 3, my” = 40 (8,) [40+ a, cos 49 |. 3. 9uepounaa Kouhurypanua ynyx pyset 8) 8,= 0 m,” = 21 (,) [ ay - a9 cos 29+ a, cos4q ]. (2.36) he ») | 207 42 he = 5 4, Kananpnas Kxondurypanua 6: = — 53= 8; 5,= — §, m,'= 2[ 0 yp) cose — rGpsing |[ a+ a cos 40 }* + 2[n6n) sing+ 7 (6) cos @ ]ag sin 49. (2.37) Ms (2.37) moxyyum c yuerom (2.32), ynepmunan rapwonuxn He pbUMe Mepnoit u mepexonA K KanazbusiM yruam avaxu n 2a, nm 2ay m= “a (nm 8 % )- (2.38) 2a, (a) Orcioya up o6osHaveHnH «[ | Touyuaem BEIpArKc- ep nme (2.44). Tockompxy npomsnonnas S-Kompurypaqua ne o6sanaer, 006- me Tonops, WM B3epKambuol cummerpuci, uM ocexow mopaAgKa, oT- UMYHOTO OT CRMHMIS, TO CMEMAHHHe NOAMMOMDI [WIA ManUEX KON- Qurypanwi AOwWKULI COMepAaTh rapMOHMKM RBCeX NOpAAKOB, KaK CHHYCHBe, TAK M KOCHHYCHLIe. ITO ObcTOATeNBCTRO BaTpPYANAeT WO -ueHMe OCTATOYNO MpocTuX sanucumocrei Koohbdunnenton CuM or yraon 5. MoskHo yxasarh, onaKO, HeKOTOpHe O6mMe cRoicTBA WCKOMEX PyHKUM, DUTeKAIOMMe He ms reoMerpHuecKOH cHMMoT- pum KON@urypalMM, a M3 KONCTPYKTMBHOM CHMMeTpHM pactonome- 48nus oceit npamenua opranos ynpanazeuna [22]. Irn cnoicrsa or- paxkaor muBapmantnocts Koshpunuenton CaM npu wexoropsrx MpeoOpasonaHusx aprymenton, xapakrepusyemMMX mepecraHoBKaMA unjexcos. Caenyiomue qua coornomenus, cupaneazmnocrs KoTOpHX serKo uponepaerea, Gyqem cuuraTs ocHonuMIME: FO, 84,---,8,)= F(a.0+ FB 64} (2.39) F(a,9,8,--.,5,)= €F(a,- 9 ,- &,- 8,,- 6,4,.--,89), (2.40) 4 mma C,,Ce,m,; rye €= -41 aoa Cy, Mme, m,. TIpeo6pasonanne mapamerpon, paccmorpenumx » 9TAxX cooTHo- menuax, Oyqem o603HauaTh 5 8,,8),...,8,5 nS &,83,...,8 Sy 3; (2.44) RB ~ 8,-8,,...,- 83,- 8. Takum o6paaom, omeparop h oanavaer mpamyio Kpyronyi -ne- pectanonky mayexcon 6, aa ofMH mar, a oneparop h — obparny1o KpyroBylo MepectanoBky MHAeKCOR Ha ORME Mar co CMeHOH sHaKOB 8,. Ipm orom pazencrna (2.39) m (2.40) samamyres coomnercraen- no B BMye F(a,9,8)= rae 4,43), F(a,0,8)= eF(a,- 9,28); Kparuoe upwmenenue omeparopos h mu h, KaK cuenyer as (2.42), mpanogur « cooTHomeRHaM, DIpaXaiomuM MHBapmaRTHOCTS CuM npu a06ux apyrax Kpyropux nepectanonxax ungexcos. [las Kpectoxpsimoi KommononKn yestonua (2.39) u (2.40) gar (2.42) 49F (4g 84 8g 8384 )= i. Oa» 04 » Bp Bg » By By )s . (2.48) F(— 04 »— Og» 85 8, Bt 8 is eF(a,~ 4» 8481 Bp 8s )- F(t sta 84» Bp Bg, By )= GC OF (04 = Og By ~ By 33 -& |= = EF (0p 0 ~ By~ B5,— &- &) (2.44) Virax, yaa mpowsnomsno# 8-xonpurypanun meen F(a, 9, 8,...,5,)= «,8,) cosk p+ by (&,8,,...,5,)sinkg]. (2.45 We k 1 in) ) = x [ae (ot, By Henocpeyersenuoe npumenenue yoxonmk (2.42) x nommomy (2.45) qaer cmeayiomme mpanusa npeo6pasonauua Koodpunmenton UpM mepectanonke unpexcon 8: a, (0, 5) = a, (a, h 8) cos PE by, (a, A 8) sin Pee; (2.46) 2 = On = On , (0,8) =— a, (0,48) sin “Fk d, (a, 48) cos Ze; 4, (0, 8)= ea, (0,88); by (a, 8)=- eb, (0,08). (2.47) Jaa. Kpecroxpsito% KoMnoHORKH (n= 4) TomyyuM coorneTcr- senno u3 (2.46) mu (2.47): ay (.,8)= ay(o,h8); a4 (0, 8)= dy (a, hd); by (@,8)=- a (ahd); * - (2.48) ay (0,8) == ay (a, hd); by (0, 8) =~ by (a, hd);ay (0, 8)=4 ay (0,88); a4 (0, 3 =+ a (08); By (a, )=* by (4,88); wom, (2.49) Te nopxuwit u uuonuusit saxn orHocaTes coorserernenHo x Cz, Ce, my ¥ Cy, Me, m,. Taxum o6pasom, noetpoenue MM CuM cocromr B onpexencHuM muoromepaux dynxnuit a, (0,8) a by (a, 8), ynon- wersopmomux jx cayyat n= 4 yexonnam (2.48) a (2.49). Tpa arom anavenua hyHKNM oMpeReaoTeA oTMeMbuO: WIA naps Koo*>unuEH- ros Cy, Cy, mit Koahhunnenra C,, nam napst Koadduuxentos m,, m,, was Koodipunnenta m,. OrmeruM, 47O Ha OCHOBe paccMoTpeHHoro NoAXoAa MO*eT OnITS nonyxeno o6o6menne nonstua abhexrunnocru pyaell, ¢ BaeqeneM abdexrmanocresi nepsozo pona, xapakrepusyemol nevernumn cbyn- kumaMM 1, (5), M emopozo poma, xapakTepuayemoi vernuiMn cbyH- kunamm & (5,). 970 o600menue ocnoBpano wa yuere BKIAqa KarK- Noro M3 OpraHos ynpaBnenua 8 nenwuuny KoMMOHeHT raaBnoro sexropa (4M MoMeHTa) Kak CONOKynHOcTH wopMaxsHok, TaHreH- WManbHok m ocoxok cocrasasommx. Bomee noppo6uo orm nompocst paccmorpenm » [8]. Ha 270M sanepmmuamt pacemorpenue crpyxtypst CuM. Tlpaxruueckoe cosqanue MM — CuM onmpaerca na mcmonn30- BaHMe [avUBIX UpOAyBOK B adpomUHaMMuecKMx TpyOax ¢ mocmeRy- ome Mammunot o6padorKoi pesyasratos. C maremaruuecKoit Toy- KM 3pCHMA 9TO OsHAYAeT BOCCTAHOBAeHME MHOTOMepHOH HenpepsIB- uo PYHKUMM NO Ce 3HAYCHBAM, MBBECTHIM WA KMCKpeTHOTO Ha- Gopa Tow¥ex, ormexaioMMx uccreqORAHHNM n- TpyGax MomOKeNUAM Moqexm M opraon ynpasnenus. Usnecrno, uo ora sagaya Momer Gurr pemena Kak MeroqaMU uNmepnosRyuu, TAK UH MeTOKAMM an- nporcumayuw. B wepsom cny4ae ranepmonepxnocts o6asaTenbHO WOmKHA Mpo- XOKUTS Yepes KarKAyIO MHOrOMepHyw TouKy. Bo sropom cuyyae YKasaHHad rMMepnoBepXHOCTS Mower He MpoXOAUTh Yepes eKcre- PUMeHTaXDHBIe TOUR, OSecHoUMBaN ONMSOCTS K HUM B CMBICRe Ka- KOFO-nU6O MUTErpaxbNoro KpuTepusx, HaNpuMmep, paBxomepuoro. Tipu Masom uncae uccaeqonanmx nomomKeHMi naocKOCTH yraa ara- KM M OTKRONCHMH Opranon ynpansenua UpnxonuTcA orpanwaipaTs- cH MHTepHONANMeH, MPM HAM4MM JocTaTOYHOTO O6bema TpyOuBIX 54McHBITaHM, ITO OOKIHO MMeeT MeCTO, CueAyeT Momb30RaTECA aN- upoKcumannel, IIpu nocrpoenum MM-CuM merogamm annpoxcumanun eo6xo- HMO crporo yeranoBuTD Kuace @ynxuuit, us KoTOporo Bu6Mpawrca annpoKcnMupyiomme nupaxouun, B namem ¢xyyae ot arax pyH- Kui MOrM4Ho MoTpeGoBaT» HenpepwBHOCTH HM yRoRTeTROpeHMA yo- HOBUAM reoMerpHyecKO cuMMerpaM OOseKTa, T.c. anromoppusme TO OTHOMeHMIO K ONpesereHHLIM upeo6pasonaHHAM apryMeHTOR. Kak ye yKasnisanocs, » MM-CuM b kayecTse aprymentos MomeT HcMOMbaOBATHCA KAK MOAAPHOe (O, O), TAK M BeKaprono npepcran- ueuwe MpocrpancrBenHoro yraa aTaKM (0%, O,). Bmecre c Tem nepexog OT apryMeHTOB G@, @ K HavaTbHBIM yruaM Oy, O, osHayaer Menysnoe yxecrovenue tpeGonanmi x raaqKok annpoxcumapyr- mei pyxxuun. Hanpumep, anammruseckan 00 04, oO. dyHxnun Gyner ananuruueckoi m m0 aprymentam a, @. OGparHoe xe He cupanegsMBo, 4TO CaeAyeT M3 HanMuMA OCOGeHHOCTA B chopmynax nepexofa K qekaprossim nepemenuum npu a= 0. Tem caMEIM, wc- noub3ys MpM aNNpoKcMMayMM B KayecTBe apryMenTos @, @, MB pacuimpaem Kaace hyuKumi, upusseran w cayuae neo6xogumocta GYHKKUM PaNMOMAMEHME H RAKE aureGpamvecKMe m0 Oy, Oy. Ilpu mparraveckom ucnonssonanun MM-CuM moxer Gurrs po- alM30BaHa B BMG MAaCcHBa 4WCen, xpanaAmuxca bp namaTn JBM. Oquaxo ctpeMxenne YMeHBIIMTE BpeMA c4eTa, ynpocTuTs mponexy- py MHTepMONAMMH, TORPOOHO M3sy4HTL BIMAHME TeX MIM AMHX ap- TYM€HTOB BLISEBACT HEOOXOMMMOCTL BUIOMpaTh anupoKcMMMpywoUlHo gynxunn a3 Knacca mpegctannennux 3 page KomOunanuit hye unit Mano pasMepHocT#, B MpexexeHOM cuy4ae onomepubx. Ax peawmsaumA ne TONBKO ynpoulaeT pacuer ABWKeNMA paKeTM ua OBM (B naMATH xpaHATCA pM SsTOM He 3HayenMA ynKni, a Koohunuenra anmpoxcumanuit, nanpumep, & raaqKux cnsaion), HO M MO3BOMACT MOCTPOMTS MOET, MPMTOAHyW TaKKe MANA pe- axusauua na ABM. Ormerum, wo mucromepnie pyuKuMM, orpamawouye w ornx Monenmx ahPekrunnocts opraon ynpansenus, moryt Gurrh pH GawKenuo mpegcrasnens KoMOHnanued hyuKywit oAuorO nepemeu- woro, 10 yoke He cyMMaMM, a mpomanogenuamu. Hanpumep, L$, 8, 8g) = 2%, 8) WO, 84) + BCH, Fy) Ha, 8). 52Jlanee, m06as ua aByMepuux sanncuMocre% Buna g(a, 9), 1,8) Momer 6117» » cBOW ouepexs npepcTanneHa n BHAe KOM- Ounauun npomsBepenuit Baza £(a,8)= 2B) v (a). Ecau bynxuun p (8) okassmmawrtea ¢ TowocTs10 0 WocTOARHO- ro MHOMKUTEIA, ZaRUCAIero TOMBKO oT YHCTA M, oMMMAKOBUIMH AAA noex Koadunuentos a, &,, 70 yaaetca npuiira x MM, qocratouno yaoOnol qua upaKraKu. Boxee mogpo6uo ota sonpocs paccmorpens » [8]. Taaca 3. BAUJUCTMKA PAKETHI § 3.4. SHEPTOBOOPYKEHHOCTL M BAUIMCTHYECKHM KOSOOMIMENT KAK OCHOBHBIE MAPAMETPHI, ONPEAEIMONME BATTMCTHIECKHH OBIMK Haunem ¢ paceorpenua ognoctynentaro paxersi © oquope- HKUMULIM DMTaTeTeM. B oToM cuyuAe BAKO WaMereHuA cKopoctH no npeMoHM uKMOTACT ADA Y4acTKa: craproputit u naccupusti. Tlep- BBM M3 HMX XapakTepHMsayeTcA Maoh NpOMOMMATENBHOCTLIO (1,= 3+ 5c) m peskum napactauwem cxopoctu nonera (yeKopenme no ~ 25+ 30). Bropoit yuacrox coornercrnyer cnoGoguomy nomery PAKOTH oO MNOPHMK H xXApaxrepuayoTeN cymecrRoNMAM HaMeKOMH- om ekopoctm nomena, Pacomorpum Meroqmxy ompeyencnus sanucumocre V(L) t S()= J] V@)dt wa ormx yuacrkax nonera. Ypanueaue qnurxenna 0 ua crapronoM yuacrKe AA cHytamt ropusonTaxnuok rpaekropun Momer ObITh sanucano B Bue av m T= R- Q,. (3.4) MpeneSperan » (3.1) samaumem cus no6onoro comporunae- ums, vc. nomaran Q,= 0 u yuwrumas R= - gJ, rm, noxysa0em 53av dm m =~ a (3.2) VUnrerpupya sro ypannenue ¢ pasqeraonMMMcA NepeMeHHhIMy B mpeqesax: mo t or nyaa no t,, mo V or Hatanbnoro sHayeHHA V, HO MaxcuMmaunuoro auavennn V,, woayamm np Jy= const (cupaseganso nan PITT) hopayay Uwoxxonexoro G, a (3.3) 4 = Vn Vat einai, iT Beanyuna upmpoera ckopoctm 3a npema crapronoro yuacrxa AViy ate. (3.4) Paccmorpum Bosmomuocra ynpomenus hopmynu (3.4). Tona- van Ine= 229; pa 1-F al ip» WOTyWaeM G, AV, = B44 toosa. ‘ 99 Fy Quanyecknit cmuea opmynu (3.5) cocrout n rom, 4To UpupocT KoMMMeCTBA ABMKeHMA HOR ReicTBMeM uMMyAbCA TAM ompeyeaserca B OTOM cyYae MO CpeANeMy aHayeNMI Maccul Mey = Mg (1 - 0,5G,). Ms (3.5) mpm Masux snayveumax G, momuo Hony4uT cueqyiomes mpu6aurxKenue, 4TO cooTRETETRYeT OTKASY OT yuera nepemennocrn maccn: AVn= ody Gy. (3.6) Oxaswmacren, u70 opmyay (3.6) MoaMo nenoabsonarh 1 We npa masux G,. Ousnreckoe oGoctonanne oToH nosmosuocTH nC- noLsoKAaRMA cocTouT B caeayIomem: 1) mpereSpexcune oderrom HepeMennocT Macem mpunogwT K cHMeHMO norman AV, ; 2) upeue6pexcune ropmostmum jelernHem cH Q, upanoAMT K 1O- numenwo neaminnn A Vy. Hockoanky oH qua axropa » epequom ypansonoumnawres, rounocth BuIparkenus (3.6) 10 cpannenuio co sHaouMeM, noay4en- 54,HMM MeTOAOM “HeReHMOTO UNTerpMpoBAHMA, OKasHIBaeTCA npHeM- aemoit. Ha puc. 3.1, @ mpuwegeno cpasnenue sanuenmocreit (3.4), (3.5) w (3.6). Vy F Myr Ey Gey ra 0,8}200} 0,8 0,6} 150} 0,6 0,50 oat 0.25 0.24 50/ 0,2] JL 0 0 0125 025 0375 G, 12 45 P 3 6 a Pue, 3.4 Ms (3.6) soayuum supaxenue pam oneprosoopyxennocrn pa- Kerst (3.7) {[pupamenue cKopocru noxeTa MomeT 64ITh BIpaKeHO “epes BeNMINHY oNeproBwoopyxenHocT MVy_= gE. (3.8) Kax cxegyor ua (3.6)—(3.8), ocnonnsim mapamerpom, xapax- TopHaYIOMUM NpupaMenue cKoPoCcTH nomeTA HA CTApTOROM yHacTKe ABINCTOR OTHOCHTENBUB sanac ToNUMBA WIM MpomopHMoHAThHas omy BeuHUMHA DHEproBoopyskeHHocTH. OnpedenuM RonycTuMsri no youonMAM pasMemennA n pakere samac romana. Ma ypannenna neconoro Gananca uMcem Gy= Gyyt (1+ OG, (3.9) me Gg — crapronsiit nec; G, 0 TH addunnerr neconoro conepmencrsa KoNCTpyKKMM jBHraTerH. — Rec monesnoh Harpy3Ku; & — Ko- 55G Ofosnayas ae P, wonyyaem wa (3.9) oa 4 4 a(t") (3.40) [pa mpoexraponanuu pakerst seawunnn P uc o6staHo Oupa- wor usnectan. Torga wa (3.10) mower Gxirs ompeqenena jonyoru- Mas neamunna G,.. Banmcnmocts G,(P) qua Tpex suayenmii a=0; 0,5; 1,0 npasegena wa puc. 3.4, 6. MockoasKy senmunun Eu AV,, nponopysonansus nenuinne G,, Ha nepraKanHos ocu MpHBeqeHB TAKKE MIKANH ATA VTUX BeMUAH, [ua wepcenexrasanix paket paccmarpuBaemoro Kuacca P= 3,0; o = 0,5. B atom cayzae G, = 0,455, E = 110 c. Tlepeiiqem renepb K paccmorpenmo naccusHoro yuacrka. Cuma noGonoro compormaxeHuA MpH uyresoi noyBeMnol cue MOMeT Guirs mpepcTannena B BMqe 1 ald 2 Pu Geo= ¥ G0 SuPaV"= 3 Coo SyPoAV"; A= Oo, (8.14) me Cg — Kooddbunuent 106onore conporusneuma upu nysenoit noyD- emHoii cue; S, — momjaqb Mugenenoro ceveHuA; Py — nIOTHOCTS soszyxa upu H = 0; V — cxopocts nmometa; A — ornocuTenbuan Tanreamanpuoe yexopenue paKeTa oT cums Q.9 Oro x0 Sy A 2 mG, 2 Pog VA. (3.12) C0 Su Bxonmmee » (3.12) ospaxenwe 9 apansto nasnnar Gat- he AMCTHYCCKUM Koa pugnenToM CO: (3.43) Mpoussegeuue Gasauctuyeckoro Koo puumenta na ornocuTesD- uylo WaoTHOCTs, T.e. 56(3.14) HasniBaeTcA NpuBe_eHHUM CanaMcrMuecKum Koabpunnentom. Taxwn oGpasom, dusmueckuit cmuicn Garuucrayeckoro Koodunuenta cocTo- MT B TOM, ¥TO Ha saqaHHoM pemkume nomera (BenuianE Va A ) on OfHOSHAYHO ONpeketAeT TaHTeHWMarbHoe ycKopeHue pakers. I[lo- cKonsky Cig= f(M,H), yononumen » yampneiimem onenunan, o mpH buxcuposanupx suaveuuax orax nenwinn, noromMR M = 2; H = 0. PaccmorpuM cemeiicrBo reomeTpHyecku MoMOOHBX paket, uMe- roux onmnanonste Czy w R= E. Tora wa (3.13) nomysmx Cp Su Co | 4 o= = : Yeo Su Yop D (3.45) 3yech Yep — cpequMa yyenbubtii Bec paket; D — quamerp Kopmyca pakerst. Kak cxenyer wa (3.15), Sannucruyeckuit Koodunuenr ranep- SommuecKH gaBMCMT OT KanMOpa pakers, T.c. AA CHMKeHMA o weoOxoAuMO yBeMGMBaTS KanuOp, oAHaKo c pocrom D pacter w naccuBuni bec pakersi. [lia conpeMenHsix pakeT nexuuuHa Oan- umcruueckoro Koopbunnenra o= (1,5+ 2,5) 10% w?/xr. Taxum o6pasom, Ms ompegeruau ocuosune napamerp Eu O, onpenensomme Oarnucrayeckui oOnmK paKersI paccmaTpusae- Moro THIa. Tepesiyem x anamwsy gamsnocrm nomera. Mockomsey » pac- cMaTpMBaeMOM CAYYAe BPeMA Craproworo yyacTKa MANO, LaNbHOCTS, naOupacMad pakeTow Ha 9TOM yUaCTKe Take Maza (IPH MrHOBeH- ttoM cropanuu rommua Sy~,= 0), Hm 06 MOxHO we yuuTuRaTs. B aTOM cHYYAe YATbHOCTh WoMeTA OHOSHAYHO OMpepemAeTcCA MaccuB- uBIM yuacTKOM. Onpenexcuue seamumant oro axLHOCTH WpOMsBeeM B ABA OTA- na: wa mepBom strane Ges yyora MU_YKTUBNOTO CoNporHaeHuA pa- xerst, te. upa C,= Cy, Wa ntopom arame ¢ y4eToM mommoro co- MpOTHBICHUA paKeTs: ¢, a 0+ Coun Cyt K,Ci. (3.46) : 57Bnech Cy yux= Ky Ce — waRyKrnuaR coctannmomas compormnrens; 1 Ky= ca y Ormermm, sro semmumusr Coq u K, oguosnayno onpegeasor MAKCHMAILHOe avpomMHaMu4ecKoe KayecTBO paKeTH K, ay! x,..-(%) = (3.17) ema" | Z| TE c= [Ina conpemounnx paxer nexuuaua K, ma, 2,5+ 3,0 Hawnem ¢ paccmorpeuus nepsoro orana, Ma (3.1) upx R= 0 H Cy (m)= Cxpop= const monyane av Wr7kVs « $ mgdo=eo. (3.18) Bnece €= 4 pyg A. Ma (3.18), mpm mamonenmn cxopocta or snavenna Vj, HO Texymero suasenns V, nomysux V, =o. t+ eV,e! y, j= tinds ey, t= 4m (#} (3.19) 1 (Ym 4 «VL V Spech BPeMA OTCUMTLIBAeTCA OT HaYata MaccmBHOrO yu4acTKa. Ha ocnonanau (3.19) Momno mony4HTs sanncHMocTM TeKyMIHX 311a- enmit V(t) u S,(t) gaa maccunnoro yuacrxa monera. [xa onpe- Henenut KONeHHO AambHOCTH MomeTA HagO aaqaTs sHaveNMe KO- newnolt cKopocra. OGsun0 npunumator Vio,= V,. Torna ua (3.19) HOTYYMM aHaYeHMe KOHeWHOH JasHHocTH 4) (Vm S= < l| FF |. (3.20)PaccMorpuM OTHOMeHMe cKOpocTei, CTOAMHX MOA 3HAKOM J10- rapudMa: Vin _ Vat 8 E z ee 3.24 Vy Va i a 3qec Fa ech umeqeHa oTHOCHTeNDHAR oMeprooopyxeunocrs E= 4 n Ha ocnonanmm (3.20) m (3.24) nomyumm Sj=eo0, S=In(it+ E). (3.22) Ha puc. 3.2 mpunegena saucumocts S;(E). Kax suqum, ne- amyMHa HeorpanuyeHo pacter ¢ poc- rom E. Ha ocnonanuu (3.22) ameem 5, Be + md+E). (3.28) Kak caeayer ua (3.23), gamnuoors nomera ybouwumnacres Kak mp yBe- 1, uvvenum E, tak « npw yMeHbmenat 6. Tockounky gasbHocts moneta 06- parHo mponopyxonansua Gaamucrme- 9 1 2 3 E cKomy Kosbdunuenty o, 13 (3.23), 2 yacTHOCTH, Culenyer meerecoobpas- nocTh cOpoca ABuraTenA NoCcKe OKOHYAa- nua ero paborn. Jleiicrautesbuo, B 9TOM cry¥ae KOHeWHAA Macca Puc, 3.2 4+ oO YMoHbUNAeTCA B OTHOMeHMM TG, 4¥TO IpM coxpanenuu KanuGpa MIpMHOAMT K COOTBETCTBYIOMeMy yBerMYeHMIO O. Tlpeo6pasyem (3.23): -1Eind+B) tig E, Ses g eto) _ (3.24) r@= BELA), 58Ws (3.24) omenyer, ro neamumna S; mponopumonamsna orno- men z oquaxo Kosh Punwenr nponopumonanbuocta y(E) He sBiseTca ReIMYMHO nocroRHHOH, a sanucur or E. 9ro osnayaer, umuy S,. 3anacamocts y(B) npuseyena w ta6x. 3.1. Ta6auya 3.1 Tlepetizem K paccMorpenmo sroporo tana. C ywerom (3.46) NOLYHM BupaKeHue AAA cH xo6oBOrO conpoTHBTERMA 4 Q,= 5 Po Sx V?S( Coot Cy). (3.25) Ecnum pakera conepmaer noner ¢ mocroanuoi meperpysKoik Ny, TO BeHHHAA Gq Moker O6sITh BEIPaKeHa B BHE ny G, C ore (3.26) 2 SuPoVA Tloncrannas (3.26) » (3.25) nnoga oSosnavenas 2 ai : ae A= 9 C954 Poi Bo= PS,” (3.27) nonywum cuy no6onore conporunacaua w omge (9; 13] Bymit n& 2 Ok NS Q,= AV? A+ HE. (3.28) 60Jlam yno6crna jampnetimero ananusa Bnegem SospasmepHste me- pemenanre B ny we qs Une \ Aone (3.29) ‘sn i AM ._k a C= ane an 3(e4 2} (3.30) Torga BEpaKenuMe WIA RaNbHOCTH Homera np usMepeHuU Ges- pasMepHol cKopocTu oT sHaueHMit u,, RO U, GyneT KymaxU, 1, t+ uh 5, _Kemudin 4 im ao i gry 2 uf (3.34) Vuursman p= U,(L+B)=u,z, 224+, (3.32) noaysaem Ky maxU2, 4+ utd Sy= om. A ge (3.33) gm, 2 t+ uh [laa nexex cpannenua sanncumocreit Sy a S; mpeo6pasyem ¢ 11 1 yuerom (3.17) m (3.30) (3.34) Teneph 44 Sn Ee (3.35) PaccmoTpuM Tellepb ciy4ait, Korya PON MHAYKTMBHOLO compo- THBICHMA Masa, TO CooTReTCTBYeT yonoBMO u,,>> 1. Torga (3.35) upwBoyMTcA K BHTy 6144 4 Sua gm fs mas &. (3.36) Kak paquM, 8 paccMaTpmpaemom cayyae ganpnocta Sy 4 Sy copnagair, 470 M cuefonaxo omupaTs. Dopmym (3.33) m (3.35) ABIAIOTCA SKBABATCHTHAIMM W MOMHO TOMb30BAaTECA WI060K ua Hux, Ha puc. 3.3, a u 3.3, 6 upunexenn sanncnmoot™m Syy= «Sy coorsercrsenno Kax @ynxnun z= 1+ E uw u,. OrmeruM, uo npx a=, Sy= 5 Sy Si Uy 4s 4s ‘ io | iz 3 10 05 10 2 0,5 0,5 025 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 Z to o2 3 4 & a 6 Puc. 3.3 Teneps pacemorpum sanucumocts yaxbHoctm uonera Sy or BEI- cori Mawespenuoi neperpyaKn. Ha puc. 3.4, @ npunenena sapncumocth xapaxrepucrnyecKoi cxopocra U,, or Hu ny. Kak ongum, apn ng = 1 (ropusonrannnnit mower ¢ yrioM aTaKu, OSecne¥mBaIONAM KoMMoHCaTMO neca) mpH uSsMeHeHHM BEICOTH Nnoxera or 0 no 30 KM nesuanua U,, ynenn- umnaerca » 8,2 pasa, wpa H = 15 KM w upa mamenenuu ny or 4 yo 3 neamumua U,, youmunsaeron » 1,74 pasa. Toxaxem, wo » mpeqennuux enysanx U,,>0 a Us, qastn- nocrs S730. B nepsom cxyyae aa cuer U,,>0, 30 nropom — aa Mer TOTO, YTO BMIpaxKeHMe, croAMes Moy auaKoM norapwdma crpemurea « eqmmmne, 7.e. 62lim Sy= lim Sy=0. (3.37) U7 Puc, 3.4 Us (3.37) wenocpeyernenno cxeqyer, ¥r0 mpa huxcuponanuom wMeercH sHaveHue U,,, Ha KoTOpod obecneuMBaercA MAaKCHMAab- len uoe sHayenme neamunuu Sj. Sram paccmarpmsaemsrit cnysaii, cas- saHUbI © YYeTOM MHYKTHBHOTO COMpOTMBNeHUA, NPHALMNMAIBHO OTAM4YAETCH OT CYA, KOTWa AaIbHOCTL NOAeTa oMpefensetca Ges yuera sToro conporusnxenua. Jlxa onpeyeneHMa onTAMansNOrO 3Ha- aSyy ueuun Sy wcnonsayem ycnonme "= 0. Vmeem: ut+ vizt =2u4. ust vi on Bnopa sqech GeapasMepnute cKopocrm, womyuum Ag hgh 1+ ubZ 2uk(Z4— 41) OTe ee wh Zhe a) (3.38) Tpancneneurnoe ypasnenme (3.38) nerKo pemactca rpaduse- cru. Ha puc. 3.4, 6 npuBeyen mpumep pemenua ypasHenua (3.38) nan o= 2: 104M? /ur; H= 85 ¢; Vi= 425 m/c; Z= 8; ny= 4. On- ruMatbuHaR nnicora Moxera cocrantmer 27,5 KM. OrMerua, 470 co- 63omserersyiomee snavenne Siy= 0,55,. Taxmm o6pasom, yer uH- Aykrmpworo comporunnenus, coorsercrsyiomero nz= 1 (ropmaon- TalbuMit MoNeT ¢ yrOM aTakH, OGecKeIMRAIONIMM KOMMeHCANMIO neca), UPMBOANT K {BYKpaTHOMy yMeHeMeHMWO pansHOCTH ToeTA. BaBHcuMOcTM fabHOCTH OT BUCOTM upuBeneHM Ha puc. 3.5. Tam re TIpHBeeHEI COOTRETCTBYIOMIMe 3ABUCUMOCTH AIA Ny= 2 Hw Ny= 3. Bu- AWM, WTO yuexuMeHMe neperpysKH ¢ ny= 1 Ao ng= 2 TAKE npH- BOMBT K CHWKEHMO JanbHocTH B ABA pasa. H 20 10 0 50 100 150 200 s Puc. 3.5 OrmeruM, 4TO pH BOspacTaHMM Neperpy3skH ONTHMaNbHAA BbI- cora monera cHMrKaeTcA. Ha som sanepmmm pacemorpenme onuocrynenuaToi paxerst 1 nepeiiqem x paxere abyxcrynenuaroi. Mockomsxy apyxerynenuaran pakera BameTcA YacTHBM cuy4aeM MHOrocTymeHuarod, TO ANA oueNKM upepembHoro cxyyan, Korqa YuCTO cTyneHeH ctpemuTcH K GecKOHeYHOCTH, BLIBEeM BECOBLe COOTHOMCHMA [IA CyYaAn MHO- rocrynenyaro# pakern. O6osuaium [8] vepes n — o6mee sexo cryneneit paKerst, uepes k — womep erynenm, vepes G™ a Gi) — neca ronamsa u xonorpyxyun qnurarers, sepes Gf a Gi) — waxaapunii n Ko- newb neca k-i crynenm (pac. 3.6, a). Jian xampom crynenu 6ynyr co6mogaTbcx ovenuausIe panen- crpa 64CHR=GP+GP; GP=GR+ ah. (3.39) os Bnecs wngexc k MomeT mpunumars mo6oe suayenue or 1 70 n. Ilyors orHomenue moxHoro peca pakeTs K necy MomesHOi Ha- rpyaKu ect p H NYcTD 9To OTHOMeHMe panHoMepHo pacupenenserca Mey CTYMCHAMH, T.e. p= p@=...=pM=p. (3.40) Torga p=*P. (3.44) Ha ocnonanuu (3.10) a (3.41) monyaam gw.—t -+).—1+ (4-3 Ora a! wm] 14 of! ‘wp |: (342) Orpanwummca paccmorpenmem wacTHoro cayyan G%=G,; of =o. Torga ornocurensuni samac Tonampa Kaxgoit m3 cryne- uel jum n-ctynenuaTol pakerst 6yner 654 4 Teal a} (3.43) Tlo uasecrnomy G, sux xaxqoH ctynenm uaxoqum E™ AV,,. Cymmapunit orHocutenbHitit sanac tonaupa - w} (3.44) AnanoruuHbiM o6pa30M onpemenmoTca CyMMapHaa 9HeproBoO- pyKenHocTh # CyMMApHAH mpupocT cKopocTH 1" Ey= Y E®=nE; kot (3.45) n AVns= AVM= nAV, fet Wo (3.44) m (3.45) pa n= 2 nomyanm coornercrnyromme dop- MysbI JA ABYXCTYNeHYATOH paKeTH. Wccxenyem sanucumocts Gy (P) aaa pastuunnx n. Ha pyc. 3.6,6 npusegena sanucumocrs G%,(P,n), coomnercrnyiomaa a= 0 quis n= 1, 2, 0. Kak Buqum, ¢ yRenuuennem n cyMMapuntit ornocn- Tenbuuit gamac TOMTMBA ynemu4unactca. Cpanunnan cxyyan n=2un= 1, anqum, tro mpu P= 3 nenunna G2, ynenmunnacres na 30%. Ormerum, uro pacuerst no opmyse (3.44) mpm Gompinnx Nn cBAgAND ¢ BHAIMTENDHMIME TPYRUOCTAMM, TAK KAK IPH _n = © uMeer Mecto neonpenenenHocrs Buga e- 0. C nenmo yupomenns pacseron upw Gosmux n npeo6pasyem (3.44) ¢ HoMoMme1o upeob- _ pt ,_ iP pasonanus Z= P™, n= jo. Mucem a0 _ InP Z-4 . Gu= "7 TZ” (3.46) Packpuas neonpegeneunocts, monyyaem 66lim G9,= lim G4.= InP. (3.47) Zot neo Ommermm, 410 m3 pyc. 3.6, 6 caeqyer, uro npa n> 1 senmumna Gh, Momor Gus Gomme eqmnmns (KanpaMep, upm n= 2 H Pz 4). Ho ue ect am oro «moGega nayKH Hay aqpaDsiM cMsiczioM?» [lokaxem, "To ykasaumoe mporumopesme mmunerca Kaxymumcn. Bo-neprurx, aannenmocrs G9, npn a# 0 qoarKua Osirs mepecun- raHa Wa KONKpeTuOe sHavenne &, ATA YerO Opyunars KpMBO! Z8,(P) eo6xoqumo yaouvmurs » oruomenun *—. Oxuaxo u © yyerom ororo Hepanencrso G52 1 Momer uMeTb Mecto. Hampu- 2 \n mop, upx P2|7—— | . Bo-nropstx, m aro Gonoe narkno, nonstHe ortocurenbuoro sanaca ronaMBa ANA MHOrocTynenvaTo pakersr nuyxnaetch B yTounenum. Hampumep, ama n= 2 umewrca creqyi- MMe YBa BOSMORALX cMOCoba ONpekeIeHHA BeETMUMUE OTHOCHTEIb- Horo gamaca TonsmMpa: — 6% @® e+ @®.p a z rt Gr [ x], Fut Fam Sa5t Gm “ae (3.48) = Gt Gap [a - ne 2 (3.49) 0 lua paccmorpenuoro upumepa n= 2 noaywam [ Gn = = 15[ Gye}, Onworuue, v0 yrasannoo passweno neawunn [ Gy ] «[ Gra duswscesn enssaxo ¢ oonoomin cxoiernow, scroroery- nenyaTonw pakerst (MOcHeLyOUIMe UMIYAbCH TAT UPHKAAABAWTCA K yMeHbeHHOw Macce) mM ObssHCHAeT paccMaTpuBaeMoe MpoTHBO- peune. Mut Gynem nomomss0naTh nexH4MHy [ Ga |p npanepennyio ua puc. 3.6, 6, 1ockomDKY MMeHHO OHA ONpeReAAeT pacnonaraemy~o cKopocTs pakerst. Teneps mepeitqem « cucremarH4ecKoMy auanuay qpyxcrymeH- saroit paketit. 671. Becosoit pacuem. To saganuomy tpeSonannawa T3 necy pa- xerar Gy H ompegensemomy Ha orane hopmaponauns o6mmxa paxe- ta becy noxesHok uarpysKH G,, Ha ocHonanan (3.40), (3.44), (3.43) m puc. 3.6, 4 ompereswores (2) 28? 5, Go 62 San ‘mn GY = FG; (3.50) (2) Ga (2) GM = 2,0; GQ? =4- (1+ a+ ag ; k Pp 4) 3 AGQ, = ag. G Ha pwc. 3.7, a mpyneqena sanucumocrs gare). Kaw nn 0 yum, up P = 4 oro ornomenne pasHo pByM, T.e. paxera qexuToA wa ype pannue vaca. [pa ymensmenun P ornocurexnusit nec romonnoi cy6pakerst ysoxuampacrca. Ha puc. 3.7, 6 mpunegen upn- Mep SABMCUMOCTH M3MeHeHUA OTHOCUTeMBHOTO Beca G= G kaw 0 byakumM Bpemenm nosera, paccumTanunit gua P = 4 ww = 0,5. Hak caegyer ua (3.50), orHomeHMe naccHBHEIX RecoB paKeTHI Ha MepBoM M BTOPOM y4acTKax Moneta coctaBaneT Ga) 1-G ee tear * P (3.51)2. Cropocm» noaema. Ha ocuosanun (3.7) u (3.8) umeem upu- pamyeuse cKopocTm moxera, ommuaxonce gaa o6eux ctyneHelt: (3.52) Tpumep sasucumocra V(t)= + Vt) aaa cnxysan of = o®, a x V, k 7_= 7_= 0.5 mpunegen wa puc. 3.8, a. Ormerum, wro sanucumocru ‘m Vm V(t) ua mepnom m nropom yyacrkax Moneta ueHTuuEL. 3. Jaasnocms nosema. Tonnas yanbuocrs nomera abyxcrynen- aro pakers onpeyenmerca Kak cyMMa jambMocTelt, Hadupaemux na KaxKqOM WS qByX yacrKon Homera. B cny yenouua of) = 6” HM weuTHyHOocTu 3aBucuMocTel V(t) wa oTHx yuacTKax, HaGupae- MbIe JarbHocTu GyLyT OMMHAKOBEI, 7.e. Sy= M4 = 28. (3.53) [[pumep sanucumocra jaubuocrn moxera S= KS or npemenn upmneyen wa pac. 3.8, 6. Paccmorpum roreps, Kak MoxeT 6x7 OGecmeeHO panencrno Ganmmctu4eckux Koadunventon 10 yuacrkam nomera. Kax caeny- 69Pue. 3.8 or ua (3.13), aus OGectexoHma oToro HeOGXoRMMO BHIepIKATh n0- ctoanerso ormouremmii gM g® uw _ Sw 5-=5- (3.54) a @® Bro osnayaer, ¥ro KOpHyc pakerst AomKen Oss GuKasubep- nu! Ornowenne Kasn6pon crynenoi ¢ y4erom (3.51) © Jee / 1-G Po=V4E = | (3.55) D GK lcs ltat+ 5 G, Orcrona gan pacomatpusaemoro cayyaa P = 4; a = 0,5 noa- yun DY = 1,44). flan cayuas, Korya takoe KouCTpyKTHBHOC pelrenve HEROSMOMKHO AIM 3aTPyAHeHO, BMECTO yenORMA paRoncTRAa Ganrucruyeckux KoapuMenton MOKHO BOCHOTHsORATECA yoROBH- eM panencrna upuneqenuux Canaucruxeckux Kooppunynenton, r.c. HeoOXOLMMO BEI_epAMBATH paBeHCTBO cueKyIOMAX oTNOMeHNit: (f) (2) Sw am, Sie 4 (4 ~ (2) a * Ee A, (3.56) 70Orcioga c yxerom panenersa $= §@ (wugenn cryneneit) nonyauM (4) (2) A A Go Ge: (3.51) ef «2 Ha ocnonannn ypanuenua (3.57) 4 @ Gg 1+ a+ 2 _ Ge ie (3.58) a) @ ao” ef G Orciona aaa paccmarpupaemoro cayyan P = 4, a = 0,5 mos- yaum A®= 0,54, re. nacora nomera na Bropom yuacrKe mpu- MepHo Ha 5 KM BBIIe ec aNa¥eHua Ha MepRoM yuacrKe nomera. Takum o6pasom, Tpaekropua nomera yByxcrynenvatoi paxerst CocTOMT M3 ABYX Y4aCTKOB TopHs0HTaMbUOrO NoONeTA, MpMyeM MBI- cora BToporo yuacrka Ha 5 KM BBIIe, ¥emM MepBoro. [pu spmomnenmu yoxonnit (3.55) — qua Ouxannbepnoi paxe- vot — uau (3.58) — gua MonoKasnu6epno# paxerst — oGecneun- BaeTCA OMMHAKOBOCTL BKAAKOR KaNenocTeH, HaGmpaeMBIx Ha KarK- HOM W3 y4acTKOB moxeTa B MoMyIO AanbuOcTS. OrmeTHM, 4TO BEI- ReWeHNOe IA CAYYAA MOUOKAIMOepHOK ByXCTyNeMYATOH paKeTH npasuso Moser OTs pacnpocrpaneno na cxyyai n-crynenyaroi paxerst. B rom cxyyae TpaeKTopmA pakers upexcrananer coboi bocxoysmylo n-cryneHvaryIo secrHUNy. Teneps uepeitqem HenocpencrnenHo K ompexereHuw AanBHOcTH, ua6upaeMoit Ha KaxkKOM M3 y4acrKoR nonera. Byjem ompexerats NaweHocT, © YXeTOM MUYKTUBHOTO COUpOTHBAeHMA MpU Ny= 1 (ro- pus0nTaKuMi omer © YrHOM arakw, oGecnexMBaOMuM KoMMeHCa- nmio seca), Kak monasano sume (pac. 3.5), qambuocrh momeTa BABMCHT OT BMCOTM M Ce MAKCMMAbHOe BHa¥eHMe coorneTcTRyeT ontHMassHol ncore Hyy= 27,5 KM. B chaam ¢ ormm cpannonus (2) ir namwnocrelt xnyxerynensato S© a oguocrynenuaro# S{) paxer mponoxem pata mnyx uucor T= 0 n H= Hy: 1) H = 0. Ka yxasnmaaocn nme, n otom onyyae Sy,= S; Oruomenne pamsnocrek na ocnonanun (3.20) a (3.53) “B= = ope. (3.59) Orewa ana V,, = 425 w/c; AV = 1250 m/c; AV® = 825 u/c noaysum By = 4,22; 2) H= Hyg. Ornomenne qaxpnoctei na ocnosanun (3.35) m (3.53) 44 ain 1h Un (2) 4 p= Se tt aol 1 4) ~ 44 i. Sir te at 1+ uf Orewna yan uy, = 0,545; 2 = 2,94 4 = 3,9 nomyumm By = 1,34. § 3.2. BAIJIMCTHKA PAKETBI HA HABECHBIX TPAEKTOPHAX B conpemenusix paxerax mupoxko ucnoasayorca anepremmueckn BuIrogube (HaBecHBe) TpaekTOpuM. OcHOBHAaA HeA MCHOMb3ORAHMA TaKMX TpaeKTOpU COCTONT B TOM, ¥TOOLI MOTeT pakeTHY NpoxonMT B CHOAX MeHbIeH MIOTHOCTH, ITO CyMlecTBeHHO yay4umaeT Oanau- crmny pakerst. Buinegem ypannenaa, onncnmaomue qumKenne 1eH- Tpa Macc pakeTb! Ha NaCCMBHOM y¥acTKe MoeTa B UTOCKOM cuy¥ae: av aW_ _-X_,sno, W-_-£ : imi gsin@; FF 7 0080; (3.64) ay Ly si da _ UzV sin, Ga Vcoso. Bqech nepnsie qRa ypapnenma wanucans B ckopoctHoi CK, Te, B MpOeKNMM Ha KacaTeaBHy”O m HopMans K TpacKropam. [lan anbneimero paccyajenua yxobuo sanncars cactemy (3.61) » a6- comorHoi upamoyromsHoit CH, cuasaunoit ¢ rowKoi uycKa. Henoc- 72penernenno ua pac. 3.9, @ exemyer yum mpoussomsnok rouxn A mpacxropum [15]: Veos®; W=VsinO; Yatgo; veulie?. (3.62) Cucrema (3.61) © yxerow (3.62) w oGosnasenns e= 2 npu- BOAMTCA K BMAY b=- eu; po-4; y= up; (3.63) Hapsuy c cuctemo# (3.63) mcmonsayetca cucrema c HesaBH- CMMBIM MepeMCHHBIM x: du dp Sea ee; 4 dz Sit (3.64) Ormermm, yr0 cucrema (3.64) ect ocnonnaa cucrema ypanHe- unit nuemmel ammucTaxu Au pactera xapaKrepHCTuK ABHKeHHA paker Kuacca «semua — seman» u aprusepmiicKux cHapagon [15]. PaccMorpum XapakrepmcrmKu TpaeKkTopum pakeTs B GesnosymIHOM upoctpancrse. Wa (3.63) mpx e= 0 moxywux 3Hog. (3.65) Pemouue cucremm (3.65) onpegenaerca wavaaynumn xapaxre- pucruxamn nosera Vy u @y. Mocuenonarensno mnrerpupys (3.65), noxyaaem Ws nupaxenus z= V cosO= Cy cxegyer, vo ropusonranpnan Npoeka cKopocru ocracrcs mocromHHOi. Pacemorpum navanpune yoxosus upu t= 0; y= y(0)= 0, zj= ¢(0)= 0. 3uauenua noctosmmax warerpuposanus, coorsercr- BYIOMMX STHM HavaIbABIM youOBMAM: 3 04> c= y= Vg cos@g; cg= Jg= Vy sinQy. Toyeranaaa sHaveHua KoNCTANT B BuparxKeHMM AIA x My MOM- yiMM ypapHenMe rpaekvopum 0 napamerpuuecKoi dopme 2 Vy cos@yt; y= Vo sin@yt- BS. Onpexenas napamerp ¢ u3 ypannenna yun x m MoOxcTaniaA ero B ypabuenne gua y, moxyyaem 2 y= @ tgQy- (3.66) oe 2V2 cos’ Oy Hockousxky xucKpumuuant storo ypapnenma panen nya, 70 Kpunas, OnMebIpaeMas oTHM ypaRnHeHMem, sBaaeTcH napadoroil. Ve- XO M3 OTOrO paccMaTpHRaeMMi MeTOR HMOr{a Hasuna‘oT napabo- aureckol meopueil deuxenun paxem. Paccmorpum xapaxtepume Touxm rpaexropun. Iyers S — nep- wna paektopum, C — towka nagenma (cm. pac. 3.9, 6). Ha ocnosanmm (3.66) nosyum mipaxenua ana nomi jamonoctH noseTa H MaKCHMaannHo nucoTH TpackTopuu. meen 142 2 2,= 1 sin2e: y= 29 sino, (3.67) c= 0: s= De 0° ‘ Vs (3.67) Moxer Outs nomyyena caenyoman caass Mexpy euMMMHAMM 2, UY, 4 = — o te6, Ue (3.68) Banumem Tpackropmio (3.66) » Gespasmepuoit copme. Bueas g-4, geH, E7 B=pi Gays 0s 87s 10, (3.69) nosyuum = 4-427, (3.70) Ucnounaya (3.70), ompenessem cpexuiow sucory tpaexropun. VMmeem 4 Inne J gaz= 4 (z-z?)aa-F. (3.71) 0 0 Taxum o6pasom, cpequan nucora napaGoamueckok tpackropun 2 [ papna 3 OT MaKcuMast»noit. PaccmoTpum teneps navansume yonouua: t= 0; 2(0)= 0; y (0)= yy — autcora mycka, OruM waxanbHMM youoDHAM cooTercr- ByeT ypasnenHe TpackTopuu Bp GespasMepHo hopme T= Jot 42-47". (3.72) Kar agua, apn yg= 0 nurparkemme (3.72) mepexoaur n (3.70). Jlan rowen B, rge y = 0 (cm. pyc. 3.9, @), mmeen B- z- You 0. se Pemenne otoro ypantenua uMeor BH 75Zy= $(1+ Vit To J: (3.73) Orcwga upm Jo = 0 umeem Zy — 1. Ipm Jo> 0 umcem p> i. Mcnoasayem ocnopunle coornomeHma Mey o1eMeHTaMH ma- paSoxmueckoi rpaekTopum yA ONeHKM yBenM4eHMA AanbHOCTH mpH wouere 10 HanecHoi Tpaekropmu no cpannenuo co cxyyaem ropH- asonTanbHok tpaeKropun. [[ua pacuera paxznocra mpu moreTe 10 TopMaonTassHOi TpaeKTopH nocHombayemca sanncmMocrsI (3.19). VUmeem B wonnx o6osHayeHmax vy, a= S= 4 mle |. (3.74) Syecs V,, — MAaKCMMabHasd CKOPOCTS B MOMeHT OKOHYAaHMA padoTBI mnrarena; V, — KonewHas ckopocrs. [pw sagannmx xapaktepucrmnax pakerm uw saqanHom ornomte- vn Y, BHICOTH MoweTa, KOTOPY!O MpHMeM cpeAHMM sHayeHHeM. B coorserersum ¢ (3.71) cpequas sitcora mpm momere mo Ha- BecHoit rpaexropun. nun HaWbHOCTL WoTeTAa OAMOsMAIHO oOMpefemAeTCA sHaveHMeM 2 Hoy= Yo+ Yep Vop= 3 Ys (3.75) Ouenum Koopqunary KouetHoi To¥KM HanecHoi# rpaeKTopun Wt Xo u cpasnua ee c (3.74). Hmeom: ar Le AY) Z —_—_——. 2™ Alot dep (3.76) Ipunuman armociepy oxcnonennmansnom, 7.0. nomaran A=e7", nonysaem Ag+ Yop) = @ 1 Y0* Hoe = e140. e~Men= A (yp) A Ye) - Tloqcraaus aro eutpaxeune 8 (3.76), naitqem c yuerom (3.71) 76z 1/ bWep) + (3.77) Cyenaem onenxy senmuunst z. Hye y, = 7,5 KM, Yep = 5,0 xm, rorma z = 2. Takum o6paso, uomompaosanne Haecnoi Tpaekropan © MAKCHMA@JIbHBIM [peBseHHeM Hay, BEICOTOH MycKa, paBHEiM 7,5 KM, UpMBOAUT K yBeTuYeHMIO KOOpAMHATH Z, B nBAa pasa. Ucnomn- aya noayyenuyw onenxy, npeopasyem (3.77) x muqy (3.78) Orewxa umeem z= 1 upm y, = 0, 2 = 2 mpm y, = 7,5 KM. B saxmovenme paccmorpam meroquxy mocrpoenua tpaexropau B 6easpasMepHntx KOopqunatax. Ms (3.70) nonmyaum H.= 5 (18 Vi-7). (3.79) Orciona Awa XapakrepHsIx TOWeK MOTyWAM 1) 7=0; H= 41; %=0; 2) G4; Fp = 0,5. ®opmysa (3.73) wosnonser cymectseHno ympocrurs meroqMKy noctpoenus Tpaekropan. [lun orow ae nemm MomerT OnITS uctomL- 30BaHa IpHOAWKeHHAA MeTORMKa, OCHOBAHHAA Ha allmpoKcumaqun napaGomm pyro oxpyxnocra. Tycrs a — xopya cermenra stoi oKpyxuocru, h — ce crpeaxa, @) — yeurpaa»muit yroa. Paccmor- Xe PHM oTMomeHue Y= Ms (3.68) umeem Us” __4 n> ig @° (3.80) Tipu annpoxcumanuu napa6oxm oKpyxuocrs0 ornomenne ju uot XOPAL K CrpemKe cor 2 Q" tea neds (3.84) 7Cpasaunan (3.80) u (3.81), nonywaem (3.82) Orciona uncom Y= 1 np y= 0, 7 = 0,95 upu Oy < 25", re. uorpemnocrs He mpesumaer ~ 5%. Ormermm, yro us yonosua 7 <1 caegyer, yro npuGammnennue TPACKTOPUM ABIMOTCH . ror me ahdexr umeer MeCTO flu TpaeKTOpMil, MOCTPOCHHEX.¢ YYeTOM COMPOTHBIEHUA BOs- nyxa e# 0, 470 nosBouseT peKOMeHAOBAaTS pasBuTyW npuOaWKeH- HYIO MeTOAUKY WA ONCHOYHHIX pacueToR. § 3.3. BAIJIMCTWIECKOE IPOEKTHPOBAHHE Tloq GaaaucTH¥ecKMM NpoeKTMpoBanuem GyeM NOHMMaT 9TAn MpoeKrHponauMA OGAMKA pakeTs, Ha KOTOPOM MPH MaBECTHEX Be- COBLIX NapaMeTpax M a9pOAMAAMMYECKMX XapakTepuCTHKAX PaKers MpOMsBOAUTCA OMpexenenue pexuma paboTs ARMTaTeMBHOM ycra- HOBKH. Ora saqaya TeCHO CBASAHA © 3amadei uccHe_ORaKMA ONTH- MAIbUDIX PEXUMOB Moneta pakersl m Tpebyer, RooOmMe ronopA, NpH- MenennA MeTO,OB BapManMonHoro meuncmenua [414]. Oguaxo » yupomennoi noctanosKe saqaua momer GsTD poe. na w 6e3 mpwMenenua orHx Merogon. Tockomsxy napamerpst on- TUMANbHMX POKMMOB noMeTA TecHO chAsaHDI co CBOlicTRAMM cuAILT noGonoro coupoTHBMeHMA, HAYHeEM C ee paccmorpenna. IIpa wosxere B ropusonTanbHow maxocKocTH ¢ mocToOAMHO m0- Nepewno weperpy3koH ManeBpa cuna AOGoROrO conpoTuBscHuA 2 cootrercrauu c (3.28) Momer Outs npencransena wn nune [9]: (3.83) Ms (3.83) caegyer, 470 ornocuteanuaa maotnocth Am CKO- poctp woseta V wo-pasnomy aust na coctansmomnc Q,. Tax, npw ysemuyeuuu V mepsoe cuaraemoe yrenuumpacres, nropoc — 78yMounmacrcs. Ananormuo yneauuenue H, cnmsamnoe ¢ ymensime- uuem A, MpWoquT K yMeHBIeHMI0 Mepsoro caaraemoro u yRemH- yenmo sroporo. BMecte rakoe usMeHeHMe coctanmmommx osHayaer, 470 MMeeTcH 9KcTpemym Q, no mepemennnm Vn H. Paccmorpum sanncumocrs Q, or V. Mepexogs x GespasmepHoit cxopoctu [9] ¥, re U, » WonywHM U; b= NAR 2 G,= 4) a+ 3. (3.84) wi BanucnMocrn Geapasmepnoro conporanacnua oT Gespasmepnoit CKOPOCTH ATA PAsIMINEIX sHAaeHMA MeperpyskM UpMBepeHa wa Puc. 3.40, a. Kar suquat, qn s06or0 n# 0 noxmuuna Q, ¢ poctom u cnayasa yMeuburaeTcA, a 3aTeM, ROCTUTHYR MMHMMYyMa, HauMnaer sospactars. Takoe stonegenne hywanun Q,(u) oOsscunerca rem, 470 xo60R0e COMpoTUBNeEHMe UpM KyTeBO NOADeMHOH cue BOspa- craeT CO CKOpOCTb, a MHAYKTHBHOe yOurnaer. 0 0,5 10 4 Puc. 3.10 Tludhepennupys (3.84) uo wm upmpanuusan mpomanognyio uso, womyuacm 719aan Tlogctasaaa sro suasenue u B (3.84), nonytaem BEpakenne 1A MMHMMatbHOrO 3Ha4eHuA GespasMepHoro CcOMpoTmBeHMA Qe min= 2+ (3.85) Paccmorpum eme ua ocuone (3.83) oxerpemyM wo mepemenoi A. Moxuo noxasars, wo » stom cnyuae amecto (3.84) HeobxomMMo TompsoBATseA saBNCMMOCTSIO Ge 124, 2 Q, 2 hao Ila@hepenyupys sro eupaxenue mo A, momyzacm A=. a Banncmmocrs 0, aus u = 1,41 «n= 1 upmmogena na puc. 3.10, 6. Bnecn A = 0,5; H= 0,5 KM; Qemin = 1. Onupascs na caoicrsa hyaxuun Q,(u) paccmorpam pag on- THMANbHLIX 3aqay (Orpanmynmca snayvenuem n= 1). Copmysupyem paccmaTpupaemyw sagayy. Ilycrs mut pacnona- TaeM HeKOTOPHIM SanacoM TONAMBA, KOTOPHI MOmeM HCOMH30BATH Ha pasrow pakerst (cTapronas cryneHs) m noAyepanHe ce CKO- pocra noctosuno# (mapurenas crynens). Ouenmauo, y70 pacesar- pubaemas saqaya connagacr ¢ sayayeli pacnpenesenua sagannoro sanaca TonaMBa Mexpy ctynenamu. Ms KaKux coo6paxennit jon *RHO MpOWSBOLMTLCA 9TO pacnpeAeenMe? OuepuzHO, YTO 4eM Gomb- me TonimBa Gyner mapacxofonano Ha crapr, Tem Gompme OyseT Mapulenaa CKOpocrs, HO TeM MeH»ie GyReT BpeMA, B TeNeNMe Ko- TOPOrO 9Ta CKOPOCTS MOMeET NOAAepUBATECA NOCTOAHHO‘. Hayem ¢ onpenexonua onrmManHoro snayenuit aro cKopocrm (crapronurit M naceuBuuit ysacrkm paccmorpum nosquee). Ouesmano, 470 ONTHMaTbHOe sHayeHHe MapureBOw cCKOpocTH 3a- BUCHT OT KpMTepMA 3ayat, B KaveCTBRe KOTOporO MoryT BHICTyNATh: Bpema noxera ¢,, awpHocTh monera S,, Hanbnocrh nycka Ha serpeansix D{” a yoronmax D&) xypcax, yrom paspopora ©,. OxaspinaeTcs#, Y7O KaxKOMY M3 KpMTepwen cOOTBETCTBYeT CBOE 3HAa- 80weHwe OUTHManbHOM cKopocTu. Ilokamem oro. [lockoabny yBurKe- ume Ha MapIleBOM YUaCTKe NPOMCXOAMT C NOCTOANHOM CKOpOCTLN, paccMaTpMBaeMEe KpHTepuM ONpeseNATcA anreOpam4yecKumu cooT- HOMeRHAMM. 1. Bpeus noaema. Mycrs pacmonaraemsi sanac rommmna co- ornercrnyet cymMapuomy umnysecy aru Jp. Torga yenonue mo- cronuerna cKopocra umeer sug R= Q,, a npema paGors Mapmrenok erynenH J z he. (3.86) hy . * Qe Ws (3.86) cmegyer, vr0 pacnomaraemoe wpems o6parao npo- nopnwonansuo snayenmo (3.87) Tlyors nam rpe6yeres MaKcuMusuponars upems t,. Torna 4 1 max t,~ max | = |~ ——_—., (a a] nin @, (@) _ Taxa o6paaom, onmumarpiioe snavenne CespasMepuoi cxopocrn ty coorserernyer uummmymy Q,. Ka cnoxyer ua puc. 3.10, a, y= 4. (3.88) 2. Jarvuocms nosema, Yuursman, v0 pu qBWKeMMN © m0- crosunoit cxopoctno S= uT (noe nepemenmme Gespasmepmse), nom- yum youobue Maxcumusanyn nexmuum1 Sm nuge (3.89) s « % Teomerpuvecknii ono omnomenns [> — yrom waknona mps- Moi, UpoBeAeuuoi us Navaa KOOpmMUAT B MpoMSHomBAy! TOUKY xpunoi ,. Oxennqu0, uTo MunmMansmotk yrom coommercrayer cxy- 84alo, KOrya 9Ta UpAMas KacaTembua K Kpunok Q,(u) (puc. 3.14, a). Vimeem 7 4 uy= V8 = 1,32. (3.90) 2x 1 2 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 ' 1 1 ' i | 4 a 6 0 1a 2 u U0 Uy Lyi 2 uv 2, 2, 4 4 3 3 B 2 2 1 1 1 7A 1 6 2 o a! 2 « 0 1 2 4 Pac, 3.11 1 3. Jaavnocms nycra. Umeem Dy = (* * fe aqech sHak m10C cooTnerctayer BCTpeYHHIM KypcaM, Makyc — foronnsim. OvenuyHo: = utu, max Dy~ max—= ~ min, = m (3.91) 82Teomerpwueckwit cmbicn crepyet m3 pyc. 3.41, 6. Ornomam BROT ocw abcymcc or Havana KOOpAMHaT oTpesoK + u,, a mpoBexem xacareasuste K xpunoi Q,(u) ma KoMOR oTux orpesxon. AGcymocut ToweK Kacanua ects tg. Umeow (3.92) Onenum snauenua ug. Myors k= 0,4, rorga ug, = 1,29, Digg = 1,39. 4, Yeoa passopoma. Umeem @= Of, (nce nepemonume Gespas- wopune). Bexwuana Oo 4 (qin ny= 4), rorga 1 max @oo max wa minu Q,. (3.93) Toomerpweckan murepmperanua (3.93) mpanegena wa puc. 3.44, ¢). Tax Kak yononue uQ,= ¢ onpenenaer runep6ory » Ko- opaunarax wu, Q,, 70 sHavenue a, ecrs aGcyMcca TO¥KM KacannA runep6oust ¢ KpHnom @,(u). Haeem 0,76. (3.94) Ha oTom saKkowumM paccMoTpenue onTaMarsnsx pexuaon pH = 41. [lux o6mero cxyyan ny# 1 nmecto (3.89), (3.90), (3.92) (3.94) nomywnx a a 4 aya Nae; aye Nk; tye ABER Vu (3.95) ‘E28 of 5. Yeou passopoma npu sadannoi daasnocmu nosema. B orau- ame or cxysacn 1 — 4, coommerernyiomux sagavam na Sesycnonnbtii DKCTPeMYM, B paccMatpwnacmom cay4ae mMeoM sanasy ma ycuon- unt oKeTpeMyM c orpauMucnnem — panencrnom. OcnonHoit oco- Genmocrsio TAKHX saqay ABuACTCH cholicTRO REAMMHOCTH, O3HAya- oulee, TO MPH MepeMoNe MecTaMM KpuTepus Mm orpanuvenns, om- THMAIDHDUE porkuM He MeHsercH. 83,Hanpaxep, saqava o MakcumyMe yraa passopora up saqannoit nansuoctn (0 — xpurepmii, Sy — orpanmenme) m sazaza o maxcH- MyMe jlameHocTa Momera mpm pasBopore wa sagamauit yrom (S — Kpu- repuit, ©, — orpanuvenue) — naammunt, t.c. ux pemenuem ansa- eres ORNO u TO 2e sHayeHMe 1. u Tlyors sexwuuna S,= 4% sagana. Upaman, nposegennas ua na- a = waa Koopgumar nog yruom 5, , Wepecekaer Kpunyw Q,(u) » TowKAaX Au B (puc. 3.44, 2). Paccmorpum, » Kakoit a3 ornx ToueR, co- ompercrnyiomux ono m Toi 2%e HambHOcTH noseTa, yrom pagno- pora okasmmaerca Gousmum. Mmeem -—t.[,, 2)/4 a [ my z z (3.96) Tockoanxy nenuumna, crosmas 8 KBagparusix cxoOKax QmK- cuponana, Gonbmee snayenue © oGecredmnaeTes mpm MeHBITEM u, 1c. pemennem anaaerca TouKa A (cam. puc. 3.14, 2). 6. Yooa paseopoma u Baavnocme noaema Kak KOMnONeHMmEL eeR- mopiozo xpumepun. B paccmatpwnaemom emyyae odpexruanocrs - PeleHMA ONeHUBAeTCA OMHOBPeMeHHO AByMA MoKasatenAMU S © Mepaui 3 wax xapakrepmayer cnoicro gansuopxedicraua, bro- poit — nosoporaunocrm. Ha ocnonanun (3.84) meow — uM (3.97) [1A qaxbueitmero yxo6uo nponectu HOpMannsanmio KpuTepucn (3.97). Baenem (3.98) 84Ierxo yGeuurses, 410 Hopmanmmaopannste KpuTepmn yuonseTRO- paior yononm 0S Wy >< 4. an cnysaa n= V2 us (3.98) nonysnm We a: 444 W241; W,= 2,974; =7F. (3.99 u ule 2 2 ute 2 Wp G8) 9m Bupaxcuus mpexcrasnmr coool mapamerpm4eckyi fopmy xpusok W,= f(W,). axee nam morpe6yerca aupaxenue yum yraa HaKwona KacaTexbuoi K oto KUBO aw, 2- 3u! aw,7 Wt ga (3.100) Vis (3.100) cxenyer: 1) mpu u=uy « u= mpowsnoguan W, Ww panna mym0, Te. KacavessHan K KpuBoi ropusonTasEna; 1 2) mpm u= 4 © w= 0 Kacatompman nopraxannua, Banucumocts W,= f(W) upexcrasaner coGok samnuyryio ner- 2 4 'y so (pac. 3.42, a). Bespasmepnaa cxopocrs ynemmumnaeren mpi AMWKEHHM njOs KPHnoi wo Taconoi orpeMKe, KoCTHraT suavenuA us, 0 TouKe A Mw suaNenua u= iu TouKe B. [lyra AB ects o6aaems Komnpomuccos (o6xacts Mapero), rae nospacranue noxa- sareun Wy componompacrcn cuumennom moxasatena Wo. Wr Wy, 0,75 0,50 0,50 0,75 W, 05 a : 6 Puc. 3.42 85Taxum o6pagom, MBI HoryyunH OecKOHeyHOe 4ACHO ONTHMaTD- wbx pemennit (pce tours zyra AB). [[na sui6opa a3 sroro Muo- HecTRa OAHOTO eAMHCTReHHOrO pemeHMA nyAHA uNdopmanuA oO npegnowrenusx. Toxamem, Kax ora uncopmanusa momer GurTs uc- nonnsonana. Bnegem cxaanpunii xpurepuih — cueprxy o duxcn- ponanusim anavenuem OS AS 1, re. W,= AW, + (1- %) Wy. (3.404) Meuas 5 (3.101) suayvenme 1, nomyyaem BoaMoxKHOCTh m3Me- HATS CpaBHUTeNEHyIO BarKHOCTh Kpurepwen. Tax, umeem W,= W, upu A= 1, W,= Wy mp 2 = 0, W,= Wy+ Wo, apm d = 0,5, re. o6a KpHTepHA ABIAIOTCA paBHoBarkHEMu. MomHO NOKasaTb, 4TO Kakgo rouxe qyrm AB coorsercrayeT oQHO eqMHCTReHHOe 3Haue- nue 4, Takum o6pasoM, ecum uccnepoBatens Momer ccopmMyazupo- aT CROM MpeMOUTeHUA O CPaBHUTeNbHOM BaKHOCTH WOKAsaTeNci, .@. 3aanaTb BenmYAHY A, UpeACTABAACTCA BOSMORULIM BLIZCIBTS equucrnennoe pemenne. Toxaxem, Kan 970 qemaeroa. Paspemas (3.101) ornocuresbuo W,, moaysaem [uddepenympys ovo mupamenne no W,, nomyaem aw, aw, Ha ocuone ororo wupaxenua womyuum pus roun C aW, ; ages t= i= 05; Wy= 1,75- W,. w= 1185; W,= 0,875; aa 4 Ha puc. 3.12, 6 4epes roury C npoxoquT Kacatoubnan ¢ ypan- ueuuem Wy= 1,75- W,. fina apyrax rower moctymaem ananorna- HBIM O6pa30oM. Tloqnegem wrorm. Mu nokasaaa, vro Aus Kaxqoro us pacemor- peHHEX KpHTepHes cymectayer cnoe sHayenne GespasmepHoi cKO- pocrn u, oGecnexunaromes oxerpemym Kpurepun. Takum o6pasom, Baqa4a onpesencHms ontuMan»uoro suadenuA Mapmenoit cKopocTH 86pemena. Teneps paccworpum noupoc 0 erxikonke atoro pesyssrara 6 HAYAISHBIM U, H ROHCTHMM uy, sHaveHMAMAM cRopocTH. Ecwm Wa BeNMYMAE U, HU, He HanOKeHO HMKAKMX Orpanu- ueHMi, T.€. OHM céobodHbI, TO HONYYeHHOe pemlenne wcuepmEBaeT sagayy. OpNaKo B jelicrBuTeXKHOCTH 9TO He TAK, WOCKOABKY u ReIMUMHA U,, ONPEMeTAeMA CKOPOCTHIO HOCHTeIA, M ReXHIHHA U,, OMPeHeLACMA CKOPOCTHIO WeIK, OKASKIBAIOTCA saxpensennoinu. Tlockom»xy 8 oOujem cuy4ae BemMUMHE u,, Mu, pactonOmReHE OTHOCHTEILNO U MpOMSBOABHLIM OGpasoM, BOSHMKaeT BOMpoC 06 ux CTBIKOBKe, K PpaccMOTpeHMIo KOTOpoH H MepexonHM. Ormetum npexqe Bcero, 470 HacToamuit maparpa cooTBer- ernyer cayyalo c nocrosnHoi maccoit. Hocxeaywmee pacemor- peuue yRoGHO nponecra Ha MOCKOCTH «MMMysIC-cKOpoCTH?”. Pacemorpum momenr npemenn OS ty < t, (puc. 3.13, 2) m 0603- wan J’= Ryty — uapacxononanumit K otomy Momenty Bpemenn umuyane tarm qpmrareas, J” = Ry (ty ty) — ocranmmites x oromy MOMeHTY MMIyIRC TarH yBMratena. Ovepuguo, YO momHBI uM- myiK: Wes" = dys Ry ty. (3.102) wh Ry U; * Tponoguaait mann anaria anaxormven anamnay A.Muene [14] ¢ samonoit NaCKOETH ¢wacca-cKopocT» Wa MOcKoETK enumyzuc-cKopoers». Tepoxon oT MaccM K vunyasey onan ¢ orkatom or ysera opipexra nepemennocrx maccw. [lan PAcoMaTPHMAEMOTO KAACCA PAKET O70 sMANCTOH ONYeTIMEIM, a cAM aNaNHS Yymporacrcs. 87Orcioya BEIpAasHM OCTaBIIMiicA MMILYAbC Wsh-J'. (3.103) nonyuum u3 (3.103) at-Jat-£. (3.104) a Paccmorpum usockocrs u, J” (puc. 3.413, 6). Orcioga umeem 7” @=1 upu t= 0; 7’ =0, upu t= 1,, T.e. oTHOCHTenbHET OcTaB- uimitcn MMYALC TALM ARUTATeMA MAMeHACTCA oT ENMU YO HyTA. Bro osuayaer, YO BCe HAYANbHBIe TOUKM weKaT Ha MuOCKOCTH u, J wa mpaMow c opuHaTow, paBHow eqMHMNe, Bce KONeYHEIC TOUKM Ha MpsMoi c opgMHaToH panno# nym. Ormeram ua oc u suavenme &, Coornercrsyiomee unOpanHomy Kpurepmio (ju On- peqestenHocrH paccmorpum saqavy 0 MaKcUMyMe falbHocTM noweTa, 7 4 Koropoi coorsercrayer suavenue uy= V3). Iposegem vepes rowny ¢ aGcunccoi uy neprukaasuyio mpsxMyi0, ua KoTOpoit u (3.105) Pacemorpum reneps pasamanne napwanrs pacnomonenun ma- MAIMNEIX UW KOMCTHBX TOMCK OTHOCHTeETbHO MpsAMoit (3.105). Boe- ro MMeeM YeTMIpe pasmYNDX THUA TaKorO pacnomoxmenun (cM. ra6a. 3.2). Tabauya 3.2 T | | Hasansuan | Korrentan | Hasansnan | Korowast Ta | Tun i" | TowKa rouKa roma, rowan | | I Uy < Ug | Oye ty mm u,> Uy Ug > By 1 U4, < ty Uy> ty Iv u,> ty Uy < ly 88Onpegenm™ xnacc jomycrummx rpaexropuit ua wame mxocKo- erm. Ilycrh navanbuaa TouKa ects TouKa A (puc. 3.13, 6). Moxa- ie, YTO TpaekropHn usoOpaxawomei rouxn Al, A2, A3 apa loTcA Jonycmumumu, a Tpaekropan A4 n AS — nedonycmumomu. Pacemorpum ux mocaenonaressuo. Tpaextopua A1, ym Koropoit opyuuara mocrosuma, a aGcmmcca yMenbmaerca, usKueckH cooT- BeTCTBYeT Y4aCTKY WACCMBHOFO NWoueTa pakeTs; TpaeKTOpHA A2, AIA KoTopoi OppMuara yMenburaerca, a aGcyMeca nOcTomHHa, coorner- crayeT yuacTky Mapilesoro nosera ¢ ypaBnonellenunMM TAraMH; rpaexropusn A3 coorsercrayet MakCHMaNbHOMY pasrony, T.e. crap- TonomMy yuacTKy momera. OnpexenmM yrom HakuoHa sto TpaeKTo- pus, Tomaran Q,= 0, m= const, nomywam a dV av ™, TE -m. Tlepexoma « GeapasmMepnuIM NepeMenHMIM, MoryuHM S_=-m (3.106) ‘Tpaexropuu A4, A5 annaorca meqonycTMMbIMH, TAK Kak UpH- BOWAT K HApyMenMo aakoHoB coxpanenua. Tak, WIA pearmaanan tpaekropua A4 rpeGyercx oGecteymTS ynexMueHMe CKopocTH nOxeTA np uepaboraiomem qpurarene, 10 peanusayum A5 rpe6yeres q0- HOMHMTOMbMDE MMTyTEE TATH. Teneph MomKeM NepekTH HenocpeACTBeHHO K CTHKOBKE TO¥eK Hw Kc mpsamo& (3.105), Ha pwc. 3.14 ¢ sanucnmocra or Tana pacnonoKenMA oTHX TOWeK UupHBe_eHBI: — oKerpemanm sagaun — somanuie HMNK — rpaewropun uso- Spaxawuek TOUKM; ManpanxonMe ADMKeUNA TOUKM oTMeKeTEI crpenkamn; — 3aRMCMMOCTh CKOpOCTH oT BpeMenu u(t); — qMarpamma raru guurarena R(t). Kak sMQMM, OKCTPeMAIb BaaqyH eCTh MOMaHaA, COcTOAMaA B o6njeM Ciy4ae M3 Tpex y4acTKOB, B KaveCTBe KOTOPHIX HCMOALSy- jored: WoneT ¢ MOCTOANHOM Mapmenow cKOpocTsI0, pasron ¢ MaK- cuManbuod tarot R,,, maccunust omer. Buyum rawKe, uro Tum pacnonomenua Touex H u KH ornocu- renbuo upAMoit (3.105) oxasbrBaer cymecTBeHHoe DAMAMMe Ma AH- 89N a % i, | INK Lott t Ry arpaMMy TIM, B CRASH c YeM peaTMaanuA MoTyYeMMNX peKoMeN- naumit sarpynuena (10 xpaiiues mepe, aun paxer ¢ PITT). Taaca 4. KAHEMATHRA OTHOCMTEIbHOFO J BYUKEHUA PAKETBI MW WEI § 4.4, TRAEKTOPHM PAKETBI B ABCOJNOTHOM CK. 30HbI OCTHAKMMOCTH PaccMorpaM (BMwKeNMe HeHTpa MACCHI pakeTs 10 KpMBOMMHCH- uo rpaekropun. Uro6s ompeyenuTs 9TO ABMIKeHMe, WeyOCTATOUTO SaTh TONBKO Tpaekropmo monera (saqannyi B Kaxoi% ano CK), HY%KHO ome 3uaT NONOReuMe TOUCK Ha dTOH TpacKTOpun B Ka>K- quit MomeuT Bpemenu. O6sru0 970 nonOmeMHe xapaKTepuayercs qyronoi Koopymnarot, mo, KoTOpow nomuMaior paccronume nyonD tpaexropun. Ecum qyronad Koopaunata sanana KaK dbynkyuA ppo- MGHM, TO FOBOPAT, YTO saan saxon DeuscenuA HAM ypaBNeHMe ,EM- 90CHUA TOUKM MO anno tTpaexropuu. [pyro Kunemarnuecknit cnoco6 ompexesenuA KpMBONMHeHHOTO ABWKEHMA TOUKM cRAgAH C BaAHMCM €C KOOPAMUAT, KOTOPHIE ABIAIOTCA OMHOSHAYHKIMM HM He- upepwsnaMn hyAKunane spemenn. PaccmorpuM Tteneps cnocobh saqadust TpaeKropuu, orpanmune- MWMCh JU MpocToTs nxocKMM cayyaem. TpaexTopua B ropHaon- raubnoi WM BepTHKanDuod nxocKocrax paccmorpam pasgemsno. Ha- wOoxee YUOTPCOUTEABULIM ABEAeTCH Banaue TpAcKTOpHH B ReKAp- Toxo wim nomapuok CK. Oquaxo B page cayyaen Gonee yRoOunimn Moryr OkasaTbca M jpyrue cnocoOu saqanun rpaexropun. 3yecs Upeakme BCero CAeAyeT OTMETUTh MCMONDsOBANME KeMMA paxerst B ropHBsonTaMDUOi N0- cxocta. Uro6s ackpunuth TpaeKropmio paKers, meo6xoquMo co- SHATh NOHTPOCTPeMMTeILUYIO CHTY Z, HaNpaBsennyio K HeHTpy Kpu- BUSH TpackTOpan ynwKCRAA. Kpunoamueimeit momer paxera ropusouTanbHOH MAocKOCTM MasbIRaIOT eupaacom. PaccmMorpmM TpaekTopmio Bupama. Paqnye KpMBRManE as_V_V do” 6 Hn,” (4.4) Kak Bano, UpM saqannom cKOpocTH WomeTa BenMuAHA pagquyca KPUBMBIKI OMpeAeAeTcH nopMasbuoH meperpyaKoit. C ee ynenuye- uMeM payMyc KpUBMsHE yMeH»maerca. Uchoassya noxzyxenusre nomosst 10 xapakrepucrmxam Buparka, paceMarpunaem MeTORMKY nOcrpoeHuA soHM HOCTHRUMOCTH (Haye — 30ubt Reiter). Onpepesum sony pocrmnnMocra Kak vacTs o6sacTH maOcKOCTH (mnoskecrno To¥eK Ha MOCKOCTH), XapaKrepusyeMyI TeM, 4TO MPH, BAAAMUIIX YCNOBMAX WYCKA M XapakTepMCTHKAX pakeTN KaKaN U3 roueK oro OGnactH Momer Ours pocTuruyta pakeroit, crapryiomeit M3 Hayasa KOOPAMNAT, NPM YoMORMM, {TO Ce CKOpoCTS, HeperpysKH Mo npeMs toreTa Ne UpesoexoNT onyeTuMuX sHayeNMil, Haxnem ¢ paccmorpenua Meroqmeu moctpoenua rpanuqu 3] — Kpnnoi, ycranannmpaomei can3b MexKRY COCTADIAIONIAMM jab- 94HOCTAMH MoteTAa M0 KacaTeIbHOH M HOPMAN K MONOKeHMIO BEKTOPA cKopocTH HocHTeIA B MOMeHT mycKa. B saBMcuMocrTa oT THMa TpaeKTOpuik pakeTH MCHOMDSyWTCA [BA cmoco6a nocrpoenua 3{l. B nepnom croco6e paccmarpmsaeron ce- MeiicTao Tpaexropuik ¢ pasmAYHHIMN PUKCHPORAHALIMN SHATeHMAMH neperpysku n, “3 yuamasona O

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