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B B C B B TGB C CTGB : 1. Definińii În Triunghiul Dreptunghic
B B C B B TGB C CTGB : 1. Definińii În Triunghiul Dreptunghic
FuncŃii trigonometrice
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Trigonometrie – Bacalaureat 2008 Virgil-Mihail Zaharia
Formule trigonometrice
2. Formule de adunare:
sin(α ± β ) = sin α ⋅ cos β ± sin β ⋅ cosα
cos(α ± β ) = cosα ⋅ cos β ∓ sin α ⋅ sin β
tgα ± tgβ
tg (α ± β ) =
1 ∓ tgα ⋅ tgβ
3. Formule pentru multiplii de argument:
sin 2α = 2sin α ⋅ cos α
cos 2α = cos 2 α − sin 2 α = 1 − 2sin 2 α = 2 cos 2 α − 1
2tgα 2
tg 2α = =
1 − tg 2α ctgα − tgα
ctg 2α − 1 ctgα − tgα
ctg 2α = =
2ctgα 2
sin 3α = 3sin α − 4sin 3 α
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Trigonometrie – Bacalaureat 2008 Virgil-Mihail Zaharia
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Trigonometrie – Bacalaureat 2008 Virgil-Mihail Zaharia
Inversarea funcŃiilor trigonometrice
π π
1. arcsin:[-1.1]→ − , arcsin y = x ⇔ sin x = y
2 2
arcsin (-x) = - arcsin x
2. arcos:[-1,1]→[0,π], arcos (-x) = π - arcos x
π π
3. arctg:R → − , , arctg (-x) = -arctg x
2 2
4. arctg:R→(0,π), arctg (-x) = π - arctg x
1. EcuaŃii fundamentale
1.sin x = a, a ∈ [−1,1] ⇒ x ∈{( −1) k arcsin a + kπ k ∈ Z }
2. cos x = a, a ∈ [−1,1] ⇒ x ∈{± arccos a + 2kπ k ∈ Z }
3.tgx = a, a ∈ R ⇒ x ∈{arctga + kπ k ∈ Z
4.ctgx = a, a ∈ R ⇒ x ∈{accctga + kπ k ∈ Z }
2. Tabele de valori:
x 0 π π π π π 3π 2π
funcŃia 6 4 3 2 2
sin x 0 1 2 3 1 0 -1 0
2 2 2
cos x 1 3 2 3 0 -1 0 1
2 2 2
tg x 0 3 1 3 / 0 / 0
3
ctg x / 3 1 3 0 / 0 /
3
x -1 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 1
funcŃia − − −
2 2 2 2 2 2
arcsin x π π π π 0 π π π π
− − − −
2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2
arcos x π 5π 3π 2π π π π π 0
6 4 3 2 3 4 6
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Trigonometrie – Bacalaureat 2008 Virgil-Mihail Zaharia
x − 3 -1 3 0 3 1 3
functia −
3 3
arctg x π π π 0 π π π
− − −
3 4 6 6 4 3
arcctg x 5π 3π 2π π π π π
6 4 3 2 3 4 6
1. Triunghiul dreptunghic
ABC (m(∠A) = 90°, AD⊥BC)
1. Teorema lui Pitagora: a2 = b2 + c2;
2. Teorema catetei: b2 = a⋅CD, c2 = a⋅BD;
3. Teorema înãlŃimii: h a2 =BD⋅DC;
b⋅c
4. ha = , hb = b, hc = c ;
2
a 3 3
5. ma = , mb2 = a 2 − b 2 , mc2 = a 2 − c 2 ;
2 4 4
b⋅c 2a 2a
6. ba = 2 ; bb = c ⋅ ;bc = b ⋅ ;
b+c a+c a+c
b⋅c
7. AABC = ;
2
a
8. R = ;
2
b⋅c
9. r = ;
a+b+c
10.RelaŃii exprimate prin funcŃii trigonometrice:
b = a⋅sin B, b = a⋅cos C, b = c⋅tg B, b = c⋅ctg C.
2. Triunghiul echilateral ABC (a=b=c)
a 3
1. ha = ma = ba =
2
2
a 3
2. AABC = ;
4
a 3
3. R =
3
a 3
4. r =
6
3. Triunghiul oarecare ABC (AD⊥BC)
1. Teorema lui Pitagora generalizatã:
a) b2 = a2 + c2 – 2a⋅BD, dacã m(∠B)<90° ;
b) b2 = a2 + c2 + 2a⋅BD, dacã m(∠B)>90° ;
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Trigonometrie – Bacalaureat 2008 Virgil-Mihail Zaharia
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Trigonometrie – Bacalaureat 2008 Virgil-Mihail Zaharia
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