‫‪ 2.

8‬ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺣﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻧﺗﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻭﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﻳﺔ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺩﻯ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﻁﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻁﺭ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺗﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﻛﻣﻥ ﺧﻁﺭ ﻛﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ ﺟﺯ ًءﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺗﻔﻬﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻭﻣﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻬﺩﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ ﺑﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺿﻣﻳﻥ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻑ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﻣﻧﺫ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻳﻘﻠﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﺭ ﻭﻳﺣﻭﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻬﺩﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺋﻣﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻬﺟﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﻔﺎء‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻏﺗﺻﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻧﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺇﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺿﺭﺭ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺫﻳﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻬﻳﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻧﻊ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺑﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻘﺻﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺭﺍء ﺗﺩﺧﻠﻛﻡ )ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺗﺩﺧﻠﻛﻡ( ﺑﻣﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺯﻳﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻔﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﻋﻁﺎء ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻣﻛﻳﻥ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺗﻼﻑ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎﻙ ﺣﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺗﻳﺏ ﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻭﺍﺋﻖ )ﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ(‪ .‬ﺗﻭﺟﻳﻪ ﻋﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺭﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺻﻌﻭﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻣﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎءﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﻳﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺁﻟﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻳﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﻳﺎﺱ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻭﻑ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﺭﻱ ﻟﻸﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺟﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺷﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻛﺎﻭﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻁﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﺑﺎﺩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻣﻛﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻬﺟﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻡ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﻟﺑﺔ ﺑﺣﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﺑﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﺭﺽ ﻗﻳﻭﺩ ﺗﻌﺳﻔﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺟﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺻﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﻹﻳﻭﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻧﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ– ﻧﺑﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ © ‪ .2012‬ﺍﻧﻅﺭ ﺃﻳﺿًﺎ "ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﺳﻔﻳﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ"‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﺷﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺋﻑ‬
‫ﻛﻳﻑ ﻧﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺩﻗﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺧﻁﺭ ﻭﻟﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻭﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻭﺏ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺿﻌﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺣﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻬﺩﻳﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺽ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻹﺗﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻁﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﺎءﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻧﻊ ﺳﺑﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺵ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺿﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﺭﺽ ﻗﻳﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺧﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺗﻣﺎء ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺛﺑﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻠﻛﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﻳﻳﺩ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺣﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﻬﺩﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺣﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺭﺍﻉ ﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺻﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺳﻼﻣﺗﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧﺳﻳﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﻭﻳﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ )ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ( ﻟﺗﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ )ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ(‬
‫‪Protection Mainstreaming Training Package , Global Protection‬‬ ‫‪http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/aors/protecti‬‬
‫‪Cluster 2014‬‬ ‫‪on_mainstreaming/PM_training/GPC_PMTrainingPackage2014‬‬
‫‪Professional standards for Protection Work, © ICRC 2013‬‬ ‫‪-8-AR.pdf‬‬
‫© ‪Minimum Inter-Agency Standards for Protection Mainstreaming,‬‬ ‫‪http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/Gender%20and%20Dive‬‬
‫‪World Vision 2012‬‬ ‫‪rsity/1297700-Gender-based%20Violence%20in%20Disasters-‬‬
‫‪AR_LR.pdf‬‬

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