Lecture 2

Displacement, Time and Average Velocity

Displacement from P1 to P2 during t2 – t1 is
Δ x = x2 – x1
The Position of an official’s truck at two points P1 and P2 at times
t1 and t2 during its motion.
Position of dragster as a function of time
Instantaneous velocity is the limit of average velocity as the
time interval approaches zero; it equals the instantaneous rate
of change of position with time. The instantaneous x-velocity
is
Finding Velocity from x-t graph
 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
Average acceleration of the particle as it moves in x- direction is a vector quantity equals
to the change in the x-component of velocity divided by the time
interval

Instantaneous acceleration is the limit of the average acceleration as the time

interval approaches zero, which equals to the derivative of velocity with time.
Finding Acceleration on Velocity – time or
Position - time Graph

Instantaneous x-acceleration varies with time.

Motion with constant acceleration
Motion with Constant Acceleration
To derived expression for the position x as a function of time
when x - acceleration is constant, we take the average velocity
from time t=0 to t=t as
(a)Straight–line motion with constant acceleration. (b) A
position- time (x-t) graph for this motion. For this motion the
initial position x0 the initial velocity v0x and the acceleration ax are
all positive.

(a) (b)
(a) How a constant x-acceleration affects a body’s
(a) x-t graph and (b) vx- t graph
The relationship for position, x velocity and constant x- acceleration
can be obtained by eliminating t from equation (2) using equation no. (1) as

Hence
Assignment Problems
Examples:
2.1, 2.3, 2.4

Exercise:
2.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.17, 2.19