CVLE451

Online Lecture 6
Reference books: B.Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, D. Coduto, Foundation Design:
Principles and Practice
Shape and depth factors for use in either the Hansen (1970) or Vesic
(1975) bearing-capacity equations

Table of inclination, ground, and base factors for the Vesic (1975)
equations
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Terzaghi and Vesic Methods

Date April 20, 2020

Identification Example 6.4

Input Results
Units of Measurement Terzaghi Vesic
SI SI or E Bearing Capacity
q ult = 15,038 kPa 14,954 kPa
Foundation Information qa= 5,013 kPa 4,985 kPa
Shape SQ SQ, CI, CO, or RE
B= 4 m Allowable Column Load
L= 5 m P= 80,203 kN 79,755 kN
D= 2 m

Soil Information
c= 2000 kPa
phi = 0 deg
gamma = 109 kN/m^3
Dw = 4 m

Factor of Safety
F= 3

Copyright 2000 by Donald P. Coduto

SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Schmertmann Method

Date April 20, 2020

Identification Example 7.6

Input Results
Units SI E or SI
Shape SQ SQ, CI, CO, or RE q= 44 kPa
B= 5 m delta = 7.24 mm
L= 5 m
D= 1 m
P= 500 kN
Dw = 20 m
gamma = 18 kN/m^3
t= 50 yr

Depth to Soil Layer

Top Bottom Es zf I epsilon strain delta
(m) (m) (kPa) (m) (%) (mm)
0.0 1.0
1.0 1.2 4902 0.1 0.119 0.0618 0.1236
1.2 1.4 4902 0.3 0.156 0.0812 0.1623
1.4 1.6 4902 0.5 0.193 0.1005 0.2010
1.6 1.8 4902 0.7 0.230 0.1199 0.2397
1.8 2.0 4902 0.9 0.267 0.1392 0.2784
2.0 2.2 7353 1.1 0.304 0.1057 0.2114
2.2 2.4 7353 1.3 0.341 0.1186 0.2372
2.4 2.6 7353 1.5 0.378 0.1315 0.2630
2.6 2.8 7353 1.7 0.415 0.1444 0.2888
2.8 3.0 7353 1.9 0.452 0.1573 0.3146
3.0 3.2 7353 2.1 0.490 0.1702 0.3404
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Classical Method

Date April 20, 2020

Identification Example 7.4

Input Results
Units SI E or SI
Shape CO SQ, CI, CO, or RE q= 66 kPa
B= 1.2 m delta = 48.90 mm
L= m
D= 0.5 m
P= 65 kN/m
Dw = 2.5 m
r= 0.85

Depth to Soil Layer

Top Bottom Cc/(1+e) Cr/(1+e) sigma m' gamma zf sigma c' sigma zo' delta sigma sigma zf' strain delta
(m) (m) (kPa) (kN/m^3) (m) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (%) (mm)
0.0 0.5 18
0.5 0.6 0.13 0.04 300 18 0.05 310 10 57 67 2.82 2.820
0.6 0.7 0.13 0.04 300 18 0.15 312 12 57 68 2.61 2.606
0.7 0.8 0.13 0.04 300 18 0.25 314 14 56 69 2.41 2.409
 6000 A design chart is prepared for square footings to be
designed for a project, showing bearing capacity
Design Chart 32 mm and settlement lines.
5000 (a) What should be the minimum footing size for a
25 mm
column load of 1600 kN if tolerable settlement is
25 mm?
4000 19 mm (b) What would be the footing size for the same
Column load, P, kN

column load, if the tolerable settlement was

chosen to be 13 mm?
3000
13 mm (c) What is the bearing capacity for a footing of size
2.5 m x 2.5 m? Will it be safe if the tolerable
settlement is larger than 32 mm?
2000
(d) Is it economical to choose a footing of 3.5 m x
3.5 m to carry 2200 kN column load if the tolerable
6.5 mm settlement is 25 mm? If not what size of footing
1000
would you recommend?
(e) Design a square footing to carry a column load
0 of 3000 kN and not to exceed 25 mm settlement.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Assume a single load factor of 1.7. Take fc’ = 21 MPa
and fy= 400 MPa, w x w = 30 cm x 30 cm.
Footing width, B,m
 Problems

Next slides present problems on Settlement and Bearing Capacity

either solved or to be solved next lecture including two homework
problems due 24 April 2020
Solution of Homework 1
Problem on Elastic Settlement 1/DAS
 Problem on PLT (Past MT question) Homework 2 due 24 April 2020

Results of a plate load test in sandy deposits are given in the figure. If the size of
the plate used is 0.3 x 0.3 m, q (kN/m2)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0
(a) Determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil-plate.
(b) What will be the settlement of the plate at this value?
(c) Determine the allowable bearing capacity of the soil-footing if he footing 10

size is 2 m x 2 m. (FS=2.5)
(d) Find the settlement of the footing at this allowable value. 20
(e) Would a footing of size 2 m x 2 m carry 1000 kN in this soil stratum?

Sp (mm)
(f) What will be the settlement of the footing under his load?
30
(g) Find the footing size for a tolerable settlement of 25 mm.

40

50

60

Figure 1. Plate load test result in sand.

 Problem on BC and Settlement (Past MT question)

(a) Correct the field N values to N60 using the

following field data: standard sampler,
safety hammer (USA), borehole diameter=
60 mm, rod length= 1.0 m. (5 points)
(b) Determine the allowable bearing capacity
of the foundation-uniform sand, using
Terzaghi’s approach. Is the chosen
foundation size safe to carry the given
column load? (10 points)
(c) Determine the elastic settlement of the
footing-sand system under the given load
using the strain-influence factor method
within a time period of 10 years
(Determine the soil stiffness, Es using the
average CPT results) (10 points)
(d) Determine the over-consolidation ratio
(OCR) of the clay using the appropriate
empirical approach. (2 points)
(e) Estimate the consolidation settlement of
the clay layer and determine the total
settlement to be expected under the given
load and foundation size. Is it an
acceptable limit if the tolerable settlement
is 25 mm? (13 points)
 Problem on Settlement and BC (Past MT question)

• For a given heterogenous soil profile 1

810 kN
2
810 kN
• Determine the allowable bearing capacity
(qall) of both footings 1 and 2, and state if 162 kNm 162 kNm
they can safely carry the applied loads.
You may use the general bearing capacity
formula from B.M. Das. (FS=3) (Hint: for
sandy soil use N60 in the determination of 1.0 m

 and Es). 0 0.1 0.2 Iz 0.3 0.4 0.5

0
• Determine the allowable bearing 3 m x 3m 3 m x 3m

capacity, qall from the SPT result. Use Clay

Sand
1

(N60)1. cu= 20 kPa

sat= 21.81 kN/m3
N60 =15 2
= 18 kN/m3
= 0⁰
• What will be the settlement of each 12 m Cc= 0. 15 6m
3

footing? State which one is more critical e0= 0.85 4

provided the tolerable limit is 25 mm. 5
(Assume time for settlement of sand is 10 6
years.)
•
 Problem on BC (Past MT question) Homework 2 due 24 April 2020

1000 kN

A certain column is to be supported on a 1.0 m deep rectangular

footing, subjected to a vertical downward load of 1000 kN, a 250 kN-m along
B dimension
horizontal load of 500 kN and a moment of 250 kN-m in the
direction of B . Soil properties: = 18 kN/m3, c= 15 kPa, = 25.
The groundwater table is at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground
1.0 m
surface. 3.0 m x 4.0 m
H= 500 kN

0.5 m
(a) Compute the allowable bearing capacity of the footing-soil = 18 kN/m3
system given, using the General Bearing Capacity Equation. sat= 21.81 kN/m3
c= 15 kPa
Use a factor of safety of 3.
= 25
(b) Is this size safe in bearing capacity?

(c) What will be the bearing capacity if the water table rises to
the ground level?

(d) Assume a ground inclination of 10◦ and determine the

allowable bearing capacity using Vesic’s equation.

(e) Could General BC Equation be used when ground inclination

exists?
 Problem on Design Chart (Past MT question)
6000
5500 50 mm
• A design chart is prepared for a rectangular combined footing 5000 30 mm
to be designed for a specific project, showing bearing capacity
and settlement lines. The length ,L=5.0 m 4500
4000 20 mm
• What should be the width, B of the footing to be able to carry

∑Column loads, kN
two column loads of 1200 kN and 1800 kN and not to fail in 3500
bearing capacity? 3000
• If tolerable settlement is 30 mm, will this size be safe in 2500
settlement? (
2000
• What is the bearing capacity for a footing width, B of 2.5 m, if 1500
the tolerable settlement is 30 mm?
1000
• Is it economical to choose a footing width, B of 4.5 m to carry a
total column load of 4500 kN, if the tolerable settlement is 30 500
mm? 0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
• If not, what size of footing would you recommend?
Footing width, B (m)
• How much load a 4.5 m x 5 m footing can carry, provided
tolerable settlement is 30 mm?
 Problem on in situ test data analysis, BC and Settlement (Past MT question)

• A one-story building is to be supported by spread

footings on a soil profile as shown below.
Standard penetration test (SPT) has been
conducted at 1.5 m depth intervals in the sand
layer.
(a) Determine the average (N1)60 and correlate to
 (angle of internal friction angle) of sand
using Hatanaka and Uchida (1996) approach.
(b) Determine Young’s Modulus, Es using Kulhawy
and Mayne (1990) approach.
(c) Determine the allowable bearing capacity
using the average N60 of the sand layer. Is the
chosen foundation size safe to carry the given
column load.
(d) Determine the elastic settlement expected to
occur within a time span of 10 years.
•