CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLIST

"Effects of changes in smoking status on

blood pressure among adult males and
females in Indonesia: a 15-year
population-based cohort study "
Research Method: Time Lag

YES NOT INFORMATION

DESCRIPTION

Title Is the research title focused on the issue?  The title of the research has focused on the latest
issue in Indonesian society, which is about
Abstract hypertension.

Is the title in accordance with the study of  The title is in accordance with the study of surgical
science? medical science

Are the dependent and independent variables  Dependent variable = changes in smoking status
listed? Independent variable = blood pressure among adult
males and females in Indonesian

Does the number of words in the title total 15-17
words?
Is the writing of the title symmetrical or inverted
pyramid? (*)
 Number of words in the title = 20 words, i.e. Effects
of changes in smoking status on blood pressure
among adult males and females in Indonesia: a 15-
year population-based cohort study
 Writing the title is symmetrical.
Is the title written in the form of an active
sentence?
Does the title display the level of depth of
knowledge?
Does the research title contain ambiguity?
Does the title explain the sophistication of the
method used?
Does the title display information about the main
scope of research?
 Title: Effects of changes in smoking status on blood
pressure among adult males and females in
Indonesia: a 15-year population-based cohort study
There are no question sentences or negative
sentences.
 From the title it can be seen that this journal
entered level 4 because it uses the word "influence"
 The research title does not contain ambiguous
meaning, using words that are easy to understand.
 In the title does not explain the sophistication of the
method used.
 The title already displays information about the
main scope of research, namely the Effects of
changes in smoking status on blood pressure
among adult males and females in Indonesia
 Is there an overall summary of the study?   The summary has been included in full, clear
(IMRAD) and detailed
 Summary of the phenomenon  The purpose of the research presented is only
 Research purposes the general objectives, whereas the specific
 Method objectives are not written down, so that the
 Results reader has difficulty understanding because the
 Conclusion specific objectives are not spelled out in detail.
 The research method has been described,
namely the prospective longitudinal cohort study
 The results of the study have been stated in
numerical form
 The conclusion of the study is the overall
concise answer of the study

Are the words in accordance with the rules of  Abstract written according to the rules of abstract
abstract writing (200-250 words)? writing, consisting of 250 words

Are there keywords?  -.

Problem Is the problem detailed and detailed?  The problem has not been described in detail,
which only examined the Effects of changes in
smoking status on blood pressure among adult
males and females in Indonesia
.

Has the treatment been identified before? (*)  Not spelled out in the journal

Is the problem objective and supported by data?
 According to a 2017 report by the Institute for
Health Metrics and Evaluation, smoking and
increased SBP were among the three highest
risk factors for premature death and disability
among men worldwide based on disability adjusted
life years for all age groups, and increased SBP
was among the highest risk factors for women
 Does it show a problem trend from time to time?  Not mentioned in the journal, so it is not known
whether the prevalence of smokers from year to
year is increasing, decreasing, or fluctuating.

Author Does the author have expertise in the field of  Not spelled out in junal
research conducted?
Objective Is there a continuity between the research  Between the title and the benefits there is continuity
s and objectives and the research title? between the variables studied.
benefits
Are general objectives and specific objectives  Only general objectives are listed, whereas specific
included in the research? objectives are not listed.

Theory Is the theoretical review relevant to the research  The theory review is already relevant to the
Review activities undertaken? research conducted, so there is a link between the
problem and the existing theory

Is the theoretical foundation a strong, sharp and  The theoretical basis has used strong, sharp and
up-to-date literature reference? up-to-date literature references

What is the way to quote the statements of  How to quote the author's statement has followed
researchers / writers following the numbering the numbering system
system?

Are literature reviews made by presenting the  Literature review is made by presenting the results
results of research or books that discuss the of research or books that discuss the subject or
subject or theoretical approach? theoretical approach

Populatio Does the population meet demographic, clinical,  The population meets demographic, clinical, time
n and time and place criteria? and place criteria
Sample
Are the research samples representative, actual  The research sample was representative, actual
and eligible? and fulfilled the requirements because the sample
studied was the Indonesia Family Life Survey
(IFLS), an ongoing
prospective longitudinal cohort study. The first IFLS
 (IFLS1) was conducted in 1993/1994, IFLS2 and
IFLS2 +
was completed in 1997/1998, IFLS3 was fielded in
2000
and the fourth (IFLS4) and fifth surveys (IFLS5)
were
fielded in 2007/2008 and 2014/2015, respectively.
In our
study, we used IFLS data from the 2000, 2007 and
2015
surveys. IFLS3 drew its samples from IFLS1, IFLS2
and
IFLS2 +. The IFLS1 sampling scheme is stratified
on provinces and urban / rural locations, then
randomly selected
321 enumeration areas within each of the 13
provinces
chosen from a nationally representative sample
frame
used in the National Socioeconomic Survey
(SUSENAS),
a large-scale multi-purpose socioeconomic survey
in
1993

Does this study use a control group and a  There is a control group and the group is not
treatment group as research subjects? described in the journal

Is it appropriate to choose a control and  Not spelled out in junal

treatment group?
Is there a similarity in time measurement  Not spelled out in junal
between the treatment group and the control
group ??
 Are inclusion and exclusion criteria defined  Not spelled out in junal
definitively? (*)

Is it right to choose the sample size formula?  Not spelled out in the journal

Are the control group and treatment group  Not spelled out in junal
selected from the same origin population? (*)

Does this study describe the number of samples  Not spelled out in junal
studied in the treatment and control groups? (*)

Was there a respondent who refused to be a  Not explained in detail in the journal
control and treatment group when returning the
sample? (*)

At the time of the study, were there participants  Not explained in detail in the journal
who did not participate fully or had dropped out
in the treatment and control groups?

Are exposed groups (treatments) clear and  Not explained in detail in the journal
accurate to measure? (*)

Data Are the data collection methods clearly  Methods of data collection using both primary data
collection described? (interviews, observations) and secondary data (see
the history of smokers and health status data)
Is there a time lag in research?  they used the multiple baseline designs during the
7-year duration (2000–2007) as the first period and
the
longer follow-up period of 15 years (2000-2015) as
the
second period. Non-smokers represent
respondents who
never smoked and former smokers from 2000 to
2007
(first period) and from 2000 to 2015 (second
period).
A decrease in the cigarette consumption was
defined
as a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked
daily
from 2000 to 2007 (first period) and from 2000 to
2015
(second period). An increase in cigarette
consumption
was defined as an increase in the number of
cigarettes
smoked daily from 2000 to 2007 (first period) and
from
2000 to 2015 (second period)
Have you considered the bias factor in the  The data collection method chosen is appropriate
research? so that the data collected is the most representative
of reality

Is the face to face trigger factors for the bias has  The trigger factors for bias have been reduced in
been reduced in research? (*) research

Have the data collection instruments been  The instrument is valid and reliable because it has
tested for validity and reliability? (*) been analyzed and its value indicates that the
instrument used is valid and reliable
Is the instrument published?  Not published in the journal because the journal is
not required for that

Is the statistical data collected free of  tatistical analysis were performed with SPSS
subjectivity? V.25.0. χ2
tests were used to test for differences among
frequencies
for the characteristics of the groups based on
smoking
status. We used analysis of variance to determine
whether
a difference in the mean SBP, DBP and PP existed
based
on non-smokers and increased or decreased
cigarettes
consumption. The analysis of changes in SBP and
DBP
according to smoking status change were
performed
using general linear model (GLM) analysis,
adjusted
for covariates. The statistical significance level was
set at
p <0.05
Does data collection use moment data, historical 
data or mixed data? (*)

Are those involved in data collection not involved  Researchers conducted data collection with a team
in providing services to the target population? (*) of experts (blind experts) where the team was not
involved in providing services to respondents
Is there informed consent?  Not spelled out in the journal
 Does this study measure the impact of  In our study, smoking was significantly correlated
research? (*) with higher BP, particularly among former smokers
and new
smokers.

Research Is the research design being used  It's appropriate to use a cohort approach
design appropriately?

Do the Control and treatment groups have  Not explained in detail

homogeneous or matching characteristics? (*)

Is there a validity test?  Not spelled out in the journal

Data Is data analysis performed?  Data analysis was performed with univariate
analysis analysis, and non-randomized study design

What method is used to analyze data?  Retrospective, cohort study

Is the measurement of variables carried out  Measurements are made subjectively

objectively or subjectively? (*)

Are there hypotheses?  Not spelled out in the journal

Does this research require a statistical test?
 Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS
V.25.0. χ2
tests were used to test for differences among
frequencies
for the characteristics of the groups based on
smoking
status. We used analysis of variance to determine
whether
a difference in the mean SBP, DBP and PP existed
based
on non-smokers and increased or decreased
 cigarettes
consumption. The analysis of changes in SBP and
DBP
according to smoking status change were
performed
using general linear model (GLM) analysis,
adjusted
for covariates. The statistical significance level was
set at
p <0.05
Are the statistical test methods used correctly?  It's right

Does the data analysis mention the p value and  Not spelled out in the journal
degree of significance?

Is the analysis carried out by comparing the  No analysis was done by comparing the proportions
proportions between the treatment and control between treatment and control variables
variables? (*)

Results Are the results of the study credible?  -

and
Conclusi
ons
Are there the results of the presentation of data  Already in accordance with the research
in accordance with the methodology? methodology, the results are presented in tabular
and narrative form
Can the results answer from the research  Yes the results of the research can answer the
objectives? research objectives

Do you describe the results using the correct  In describing the results already using the
supporting theory? appropriate supporting theory

Can the results of the analysis be interpreted  The results of the analysis can be interpreted and
and discussed to obtain answers, added values discussed to obtain answers, added value related
related to the problem and research objectives? to the problem and research objectives
 Can the research results be a reference for  The results of the study can be a reference for
further research? further research

Can the results of the study be concluded?  There were no significant differences between the
control and behavior groups
Does the conclusion answer the research  The conclusion has answered the research
objective? objective

Bibliogra Do you use the latest literature?  Already using the latest literature between years
phy 1977-2018 (research conducted in 2020)

Does the literature fit the problem under study?  The literature used is in accordance with the
problem under study
Does writing a bibliography use the alphabet or  Writing a bibliography uses the alphabetic method
van cooper method (numerical method)?

Is the number of references as many as 25  The number of references used in the bibliography
references with a percentage of primary sources is more than 25 references
as many as 10?

Reference: nnbnbbnbn

hhtp: //www.pusbindiklat.lipi.go.id, Guidelines for Writing Scientific Papers, Research Center for Research - LIPI, 2012
Institute for Research and Community Service, Guidelines for Scientific Writing, 2010