A WORLD OF

REGIONS
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
 Governments, associations,
societies and groups form
regional organizations
and/or network as a way of
coping with the challenges
of globalizations.

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 REGIONALISM
• It is examined in relation to identities, ethics,
religion, ecological sustainability and health.

• It is a process and must be treated as an

“emergent, socially constituted phenomenon.”

• Regions are not natural or given rather, they are

constructed and defined by the policymakers,
economic actors and even social movements.

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• regional concentration
of economic flows” REGIONALIS
• It is the process of M
dividing the area into • Political process
smaller segments characterized by
called regions. economic policy
Example: Division of cooperation and
Nation into states or coordination
provinces among countries.

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 REGIONALIS Regions
• are “a group of
M countries located in the
• Edward D. Mansfield geographically specified
area” or “an
and Helen V. Milner amalgamation of two
• The economic and regions or a
combination of more
political definitions than two regions”
of regions vary. organized to regulate
and “oversee flows and
policy choices.”
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 Economic and
political
respond of
Countries to
Globalization
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 2. Other countries make
1. Some are large up for their small size
enough and have a lot by taking advantage of
of resources to dictate their strategic location.
how they participate in
process of global • Countries form
integration. regional alliance -
• Example: China for as the saying –
there is a strength
in numbers’

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REASONS OF
1. Military Defense
FORMING North Atlantic Treaty

REGIONAL Organization (NATO)

• Formed during the Cold War

ASSOCIATIONS when several Western

European countries plus the
United states agreed to
protect Europe against the
threat of the Soviet Union.

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 WARSAW
•
PACT
a regional alliance created by
Soviet Union
• Soviet Union imploded in
December 1991 but NATO
remains in place.

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 2. Pool their resources, get better
return for their exports and
expand their leverage against
trading partners.

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 Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
• It was established in 1960 by
Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
and Venezuela.
• It aims to regulate the
production and sale of oil.
• OPEC’s success convinced 9
other oil-producing countries
to join it.

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 3. Protect their
independence from the
pressure of
superpower politics.

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 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
• Created by Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia and
Yugoslavia in 1961 to pursue world peace and
international cooperation, human rights, national
sovereignty, racial and national equality, non
Intervention and peaceful conflict resolution.

• Because the association refused to side with either

first world countries capitalist democracies in
Western Europe and North America or communist
states in Easter Europe.

• With 120 member countries.

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 4. Economic Crisis compels
countries to come together

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 Example:
• The Thai economy
collapsed in 1996 after the
foreign currency
speculators and troubled
international banks
demanded that the Thai
government pay back its
loans.
• It made ASEAN more
“unified and coordinated”

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