ℒ, ℱ, etc. ..................... 119 ´ā, `^e, etc. (i.e.

, several accents per character)

N, Z, R, etc. ................... 119 219

r ............................ 119 <, >, and | (instead of ¡, ¿, and —) ... 226

∫︀
− ............................ 217 ^ and ˜ (or ∼) .................. 226

13
2 Body-text symbols

This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks,
accents, ligatures, and currency symbols.

Table 1: LATEX 2𝜀 Escapable “Special” Characters

$ \$ % \% \_ * } \} & \& # \# { \{

*
The underscore package redefines “_” to produce an underscore in text mode
(i.e., it makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore character).

Table 2: Predefined LATEX 2𝜀 Text-mode Commands

^ \textasciicircum* < \textless
˜ \textasciitilde* a
ª \textordfeminine
o
* ∗ \textasteriskcentered º \textordmasculine
∖ \textbackslash ¶ ¶ \textparagraph†
| \textbar · · \textperiodcentered
‖ ‖ \textbardbl % ‱ \textpertenthousand
○ ○ \textbigcircle % ‰ \textperthousand
{ \textbraceleft† ¿ \textquestiondown
} \textbraceright† “ \textquotedblleft
∙ • \textbullet ” \textquotedblright
○ c © \textcopyright† ‘ \textquoteleft
† † \textdagger† ’ \textquoteright
‡ ‡ \textdaggerdbl† ○r ® \textregistered
$ $ \textdollar† S § \textsection†
... \textellipsis† $ $ \textsterling†
TM
— \textemdash ™ \texttrademark
– \textendash \textunderscore†
¡ \textexclamdown \textvisiblespace
> \textgreater

The first symbol column represents the—sometimes “faked”—symbol that

LATEX 2𝜀 provides by default. The second symbol column represents the sym-
bol as redefined by textcomp (if textcomp redefines it). The textcomp package
is generally required to typeset Table 2’s symbols in italic, and some symbols
additionally require the T1 font encoding for italic.
*
\^{} and \~{} can be used instead of \textasciicircum and
\textasciitilde. See the discussion of “˜” on page 226.
†
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on the
following page because the symbols in that table work properly in both text
mode and math mode.

14
 Table 3: LATEX 2𝜀 Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
{ \{ \_ ‡ ‡ \ddag $ \pounds
} \} ○c © \copyright ... \dots S § \S
$ $ \$ † † \dag ¶ ¶ \P

The first symbol column represents the—sometimes “faked”—symbol that

LATEX 2𝜀 provides by default. The second symbol column represents the sym-
bol as redefined by textcomp (if textcomp redefines it). The textcomp package
is generally required to typeset Table 3’s symbols in italic, and some symbols
additionally require the T1 font encoding for italic.

Table 4: 𝒜ℳ𝒮 Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
X \checkmark r \circledR z \maltese

Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters)

å \aa Ð \DH* L \L ø \o þ \th*
Å \AA Ð \DJ* l \l œ \oe Þ \TH*
Æ \AE đ \dj* Ŋ \NG* Œ \OE
æ \ae IJ \IJ ŋ \ng* ß \ss
ð \dh* ij \ij Ø \O SS \SS
*
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.

Table 6: textgreek Upright Greek Letters

α \textalpha η \texteta ν \textnu τ \texttau
β \textbeta θ \texttheta ξ \textxi υ \textupsilon
γ \textgamma ι \textiota ο \textomikron φ \textphi
δ \textdelta κ \textkappa π \textpi χ \textchi
ε \textepsilon λ \textlambda ρ \textrho ψ \textpsi
ζ \textzeta μ \textmu* σ \textsigma ω \textomega

Α \textAlpha Η \textEta Ν \textNu Τ \textTau

Β \textBeta Θ \textTheta Ξ \textXi Υ \textUpsilon
Γ \textGamma Ι \textIota Ο \textOmikron Φ \textPhi
Δ \textDelta Κ \textKappa Π \textPi Χ \textChi
Ε \textEpsilon Λ \textLambda Ρ \textRho Ψ \textPsi
Ζ \textZeta Μ \textMu Σ \textSigma Ω \textOmega
*
Synonyms for \textmu include \textmicro and \textmugreek.

textgreek tries to use a Greek font that matches the body text. As a result,
the glyphs may appear slightly different from the above.

Unlike upgreek (Table 187 on page 91), textgreek works in text mode.

The symbols in this table are intended to be used sporadically throughout a

document (e.g., in phrases such as “β-decay”). In contrast, Greek body text
can be typeset using the babel package’s greek (or polutonikogreek) option—
and, of course, a font that provides the glyphs for the Greek alphabet.

15
 Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages
Ð \B{D} ° \m{c} ¤ \m{f} ¨ \m{k} » \M{t} – \m{Z}
ž \B{d}  \m{D} „ \m{F}  \m{N} › \M{T}  \T{E}
‡ \B{H} ð \M{d} † \m{G} ­ \m{n} º \m{t} â \T{e}
§ \B{h} Ð \M{D} ¦ \m{g} ª \m{o} š \m{T} Å \T{O}
· \B{t} ¡ \m{d} À \m{I} Š \m{O} ® \m{u}* å \T{o}
— \B{T} ‚ \m{E} à \m{i} ‘ \m{P} Ž \m{U}*
  \m{b} ¢ \m{e} ‰ \m{J} ± \m{p}  \m{Y}
€ \m{B} ƒ \M{E} © \m{j} ¬ \m{s} ¯ \m{y}
 \m{C} £ \M{e} ˆ \m{K} Œ \m{S} ¶ \m{z}

These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc
package.
*
\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.

Table 8: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese

Ơ \OHORN ơ \ohorn Ư \UHORN ư \uhorn

These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is provided by the vntex
package.

Table 9: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1

« \guillemotleft ‹ \guilsinglleft „ \quotedblbase " \textquotedbl
» \guillemotright › \guilsinglright ‚ \quotesinglbase

To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font en-
coding, such as T1.

Table 10: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks

{ \ding{123} } \ding{125} ¡ \ding{161} £ \ding{163}
| \ding{124} ~ \ding{126} ¢ \ding{162}

16
 Table 11: tipa Phonetic Symbols

È \textbabygamma P \textglotstop ï \textrtailn

b \textbarb ; \texthalflength ó \textrtailr
c \textbarc ż \texthardsign ù \textrtails
d \textbard # \texthooktop ú \textrtailt
é \textbardotlessj á \texthtb ü \textrtailz
g \textbarg ê \texthtbardotlessj $ \textrthook
Ü \textbarglotstop Á \texthtc À \textsca
1 \textbari â \texthtd à \textscb
ł \textbarl ä \texthtg ď \textsce
8 \textbaro H \texthth å \textscg
Ý \textbarrevglotstop Ê \texththeng Ë \textsch
0 \textbaru Î \texthtk @ \textschwa
ì \textbeltl Ò \texthtp I \textsci
β \textbeta Ó \texthtq ĺ \textscj
ò \textbullseye č \texthtrtaild Ï \textscl
\textceltpal É \texthtscg ð \textscn
χ \textchi Ö \texthtt Œ \textscoelig
Å \textcloseepsilon ß \texthvlig ś \textscomega
Ñ \textcloseomega Û \textinvglotstop ö \textscr
Æ \textcloserevepsilon K \textinvscr A \textscripta
Þ \textcommatailz ι \textiota g \textscriptg
^ \textcorner λ \textlambda V \textscriptv
ă \textcrb : \textlengthmark Ú \textscu
ą \textcrd ş \textlhookt Y \textscy
g \textcrg ę \textlhtlongi ­ \textsecstress
è \textcrh ű \textlhtlongy ž \textsoftsign
Û \textcrinvglotstop Ô \textlonglegr  \textstretchc
ň \textcrlambda ¡ \textlptr tC \texttctclig
2 \textcrtwo M \textltailm Ù \textteshlig
C \textctc ñ \textltailn θ \texttheta
ć \textctd ë \textltilde þ \textthorn
ćý \textctdctzlig Ð \textlyoghlig £ \texttoneletterstem
š \textctesh Í \textObardotlessj ţ \texttslig
J \textctj ŋ \textOlyoghlig 5 \textturna
ő \textctn ω \textomega ŕ \textturncelig
ť \textctt _ \textopencorner 4 \textturnh
ťC \textcttctclig O \textopeno ľ \textturnk
ÿ \textctyogh % \textpalhook Õ \textturnlonglegr
ý \textctz φ \textphi W \textturnm
dý \textdctzlig | \textpipe î \textturnmrleg
S \textdoublebaresh " \textprimstress ô \textturnr
} \textdoublebarpipe ij \textraiseglotstop õ \textturnrrtail
=/ \textdoublebarslash ğ \textraisevibyi 6 \textturnscripta
{ \textdoublepipe 7 \textramshorns Ø \textturnt
Ş \textdoublevertline \ \textrevapostrophe 2 \textturnv
Ť \textdownstep 9 \textreve û \textturnw
à \textdyoghlig 3 \textrevepsilon L \textturny
dz \textdzlig Q \textrevglotstop υ \textupsilon
ε \textepsilon ź \textrevyogh Ţ \textupstep
S \textesh Ç \textrhookrevepsilon Š \textvertline
R \textfishhookr Ä \textrhookschwa ğ \textvibyi

(continued on next page)

17
(continued from previous page)
ě \textg
γ \textgamma
Ů \textglobfall
Ű \textglobrise
tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a com-
mand \tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation
for more information.
Table 12: tipx Phonetic Symbols
" \textaolig
B \textbenttailyogh
. \textbktailgamma
D \textctinvglotstop
2 \textctjvar
% \textctstretchc
& \textctstretchcvar
@ \textctturnt
) \textdblig
H \textdoublebarpipevar
G \textdoublepipevar
ˇ \textdownfullarrow
7 \textfemale
5 \textfrbarn
’ \textfrhookd
( \textfrhookdvar
? \textfrhookt
- \textfrtailgamma
T \textglotstopvari
U \textglotstopvarii
V \textglotstopvariii
, \textgrgamma
0 \textheng
4 \texthmlig
~ \textrhoticity
¿ \textrptr
ã \textrtaild
í \textrtaill
3 \texthtbardotlessjvar
; \textinvomega
p \textinvsca
! \textinvscripta
I \textlfishhookrlig
# \textlhookfour
< \textlhookp
1 \textlhti
> \textlooptoprevesh
6 \textnrleg
9 \textObullseye
ˆ \textpalhooklong
˜ \textpalhookvar
F \textpipevar
= \textqplig
¨ \textrectangle
˚ \textretractingvar
v \textrevscl
z \textrevscr
\textrhooka
* \textrhooke
+ \textrhookepsilon
: \textrhookopeno
/ \textrtailhth
18
ů \textvibyy
ß \textwynn
Z \textyogh
´ \textrthooklong
q \textscaolig
r \textscdelta
s \textscf
t \textsck
w \textscm
x \textscp
y \textscq
˝ \textspleftarrow
$ \textstretchcvar
˙ \textsubdoublearrow
¯ \textsubrightarrow
P \textthornvari
Q \textthornvarii
R \textthornvariii
S \textthornvariv
E \textturnglotstop
u \textturnsck
{ \textturnscu
C \textturnthree
A \textturntwo
8 \textuncrfemale
˘ \textupfullarrow