km¼-¯nIw/ kn.
Fw i-^o-Jv \m-Zm-]p-cw
A-\p-am-\-§-fp-sS _-e-¯n `m-hn-bn h-t¶-¡m-hp-¶ kw-`-h-§Ä I-W-¡p-Iq-«n-bp-Å km-¼-
¯n-I C-S-]m-Sp-IÄ dn-b-en-Ìn-¡-Ã. dn-b-en-Ìn-¡m-b B-kv-Xn-IÄ-¡v am-{X-ta km-¼-¯n-I `-{Z-X
\Â-Im³ I-gn-bq. ]-en-i-sb-bpw km-¼-¯n-I kq-N-\-I-sf-bpw A-h-ew-_-am-¡n-bp-Å km-{¼-Zm-
bn-I k-¼-Zv hy-h-Ø F-{X-t¯m-fw dn-b-en-kv-än-¡m-Wv F-¶v tNm-Zn-¡p-I-bm-Wv teJI³. C-kvem-
an-I km-¼-¯n-I hy-h-Ø dn-b-en-k-s¯ F-§-s\ k-ao-]n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶pw A-t\z-jn-¡p-¶p.
Cu k-¼-Zvhy-h-ØIÄ
F-{X-t¯m-fw dn-b-en-kv-än-¡mWv?
C‑w -¥‑o-j‑v k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-¯‑n {‑]-N‑m-c‑w t‑\-S‑n-b
]-Z-a‑m-W‑p d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w(Realism). {‑^-©‑v
I-e-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v ]‑n-d-h‑n s‑I‑m-ï C‑u
B-i-b‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v t‑e‑m-I‑w a‑p-g‑p-s‑¡ h‑y‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-
I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-¯‑n A-a‑n-X-a‑m-b
c‑q-]‑m-e-¦‑m-c-§Ä H-g‑n-h‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m-W‑p s‑]‑m-
X‑p-s‑h d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. A-Y-h‑m‑,
I-e‑m k‑m-l‑n-X‑y t‑a-J-e-b‑n X-·-b-X‑z‑w I‑m-¯‑p-
k‑q-£‑n-¡‑p-¶ F-g‑p-¯‑p-¡-s‑f \‑m‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-I‑v
F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p‑w. C‑u H-cÀ-°-¯‑n C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v
k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-¯‑n s‑F-U‑n-b-e‑n-k-h‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k-h‑p‑w
Z‑z-µ-h-N-\-§-f‑m-W‑v. \-½‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶ N‑n-´-IÄ
a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-s‑a-¶‑v I-W-¡‑m-¡‑p-¶
B-ZÀ-i-h‑m-Z-a‑m-W‑v s‑F-U‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w F-¶‑v C‑w-¥‑o-
j‑v k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-I‑m-c-\‑m-b F.F-k‑v.t‑l‑m¬-s‑s‑_
]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I c‑w-K-¯‑v A-S‑p-¯
I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑p d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w H-c‑p NÀ-¨‑m-h‑n-j-b-a‑m-b‑n
I-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. b-Y‑mÀ-° a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å B-k‑v-X‑n-
I-f‑p-s‑S (Real Value asset) {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-s‑¯-b‑m-W‑v k‑m-
¼-¯‑n-I c‑w-K-¯‑p d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w AÀ-°-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
A-Y-h‑m‑, `‑m-h‑n-b‑n D-ï‑m-t‑b-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ k‑w-`-h-
§-s‑f A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n h‑n-e \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¡‑p-¶
k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I C-S-]‑m-S‑p-I-s‑f d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-¡‑m-b‑n
h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑n-Ã. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I `-{‑Z-X
(Economic Stability) D-d-¸‑m-¡‑m³ d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-¡‑m-b
B-k‑v-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑v k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I
\‑n-c‑o-£-W-§Ä C-X‑n-\-I‑w {‑i-² t‑\-S‑n-b‑n-«‑p-a‑p-ï‑v.
]-e‑n-i-t‑b-b‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I k‑q-N‑n-I-I-t‑f-b‑p‑w
A-h-e‑w-_-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-Å k‑m-{‑¼-Z‑m-b‑n-I k-¼-Z‑v-h‑y-
h-Ø F-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-f‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-¡‑m-s‑W-¶ t‑N‑m-
Z‑y‑w {‑]-k-à‑n-bÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C‑u-b-h-k-c-¯‑nÂ
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I D-]-I-c-W-§Ä d‑n-b-
e‑n-k-s‑¯ F-§-s‑\ k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑n-s‑\
k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨ NÀ-¨-b‑m-W‑p t‑e-J-t‑\‑m-t‑±-i‑y‑w.
2007 s‑e k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-¡‑p t‑i-j-
a‑m-W‑v k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I c‑w-K-¯‑p d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w h-e‑n-b
t‑X‑m-X‑n NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. _‑m-¦‑p-IÄ
2019 G{]n 24 
h‑m-b‑v-] \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n ]-W-¯‑n-
s‑â e-`‑y-X hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p. 2000 ¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w
C-¯-c‑w h‑m-b‑v-]‑m k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\‑w _‑m-¦‑p-I-f‑nÂ
h-f-s‑c h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑n h‑y‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n.
]-W‑w ]-W-s‑¯ \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶ h‑m-Z‑w
i-c‑n-b-s‑Ã-¶‑p c‑n-k‑m-e-b‑n t‑\-c-s‑¯ F-g‑p-X‑n-b
t‑e-J-\-¯‑nÂ(e-¡‑w 1315‑) h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
I‑m-c-W‑w ]-W-¯‑n-\‑p k-¯‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n H-c‑p t‑N‑m-Z-
\-b‑p‑w (Demand) e-`‑y-X-b‑p-a‑n-Ã (Supply). h-k‑v-X‑p-¡-
f‑p-s‑S t‑N‑m-Z-\-b‑p‑w e-`‑y-X-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-s‑¸-S‑p-
¯‑n-b‑m-W‑p ]-W-¯‑n-\‑p a‑q-e‑y‑w I-W-¡‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
C-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S ]-W‑w H-c‑p b-Y‑mÀ-° a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å
h-k‑v-X‑p-h-s‑Ã-¶‑p (Real Value asset) h-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¯-c‑w
d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-¡-Ã‑m-¯ h-k‑v-X‑p-¡Ä a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑nÂ
A-[‑n-I-c‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p 2008 k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I {‑]-X‑n-k-
Ô‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p \-b‑n-¨ {‑]-[‑m-\ L-S-I‑w. P-\-§Ä
A-hÀ-¡‑p e-`‑n-¨ ]-W‑w K‑mÀ-l‑n-I B-h-i‑y-§Ä-
¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n A-a‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n N‑n-e-h-g‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
_‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v \‑n-t‑£-]-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑m-d‑n \‑nÂ-
¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑m-§‑n-b h‑m-b‑v-] X‑n-c‑n-¨-S-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-h‑n-
Ã‑m-s‑X h-c‑n-I-b‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. C-X‑v h³ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I
a‑m-µ‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p s‑N-s‑¶-¯‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
1989 s‑e H‑m-l-c‑n-h‑n-]-W‑n {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-b‑n-t‑e-
¡‑p \-b‑n-¨-Xv s‑X-ä‑m-b A-\‑p-a‑m-\-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I A-\‑p-a‑m-\-§Ä d‑n-b-e‑n-k-¯‑n-\‑v
]‑p-d-¯‑p-Å B-i-b-a‑m-W‑v. C-¯-c-¯‑n B-t‑K‑m-f-
X-e-¯‑n X-s‑¶ h-e‑n-b {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-IÄ X‑oÀ-¯
]-e k-¼-Z‑v-h‑y-h-Ø-I-f‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q-
£‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n ]-c‑m-P-b-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u H-c‑p
X-e-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-Å
N‑n-´-IÄ {‑]-k-à‑n-bÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
C-k‑v-e‑m‑w a-X‑w ]‑qÀ-W‑mÀ-°-¯‑n d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-
¡‑m-s‑W-¶ h‑m-Z-t‑¯‑m-S‑v t‑b‑m-P‑n-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-
I-b‑n-Ã. k-a-b-¯‑n-\‑p‑w I‑m-e-¯‑n-\‑p‑w A-X‑o-X-am-‑ -b
s‑s‑Z-h-k-¦Â-¸-§-s‑f b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-h-X‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-
X‑v k‑zÂ-¸‑w {‑i-a-I-c-a‑m-b Z‑u-X‑y‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v.
A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑m-e‑p‑w s‑X-ä‑n-Ã. a-d‑n-¨‑v,
21
]-e‑n-i-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S \-a‑p-¡‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ e‑m-`‑w H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-
b‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-_-e-¯‑n-e-Ã. a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-
s‑S k‑r-ã‑n-¸‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v k-¼-¯‑v e-`‑n-t‑¡-ï-
X‑v. A-X‑m-W‑v d‑n-b-e‑n-k-h‑p‑w. C-¯-c‑w {‑I‑n-b‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b
k‑r-ã‑n-s‑¸‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X ]-W‑w ]-W-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ k‑r-
ã‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v ]-e‑n-i C-S-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p
s‑h-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-X‑p a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n b-Y‑mÀ-° a‑q-e‑y-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯
B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-[‑n-I‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
2008 Â t‑\-c‑n-«-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I {‑]-X‑n-k-
Ô‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑p-s‑N-s¶-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w.
k-a-b-h‑p‑w I‑m-e-hpa‑p-Å a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â ]-c‑n-a‑n-
X‑n-s‑b DÄ-s‑I‑m-ï‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Å d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-I‑v
h‑m-Z-§Ä k‑z‑m-K-X‑mÀ-l-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-
ï‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m b-Y‑mÀ-° t‑e‑m-I-¯‑p-Å k‑r-
ã‑n-I-s‑f t‑\‑m-¡‑n s‑s‑Z-h-s‑¯ I-s‑ï-¯‑m³
A-Ã‑m-l‑p B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑s‑Z-h‑m-Ø‑n-X‑z‑w
Ø‑n-c-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ C‑u t‑e‑m-I‑w a‑m-ä-§Ä-¡‑p
h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b X-X‑z-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X
A-h-t‑e‑m-I-\-§Ä ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑mÀ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p
s‑h-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k-s‑¯ DÄ-s‑I‑m-ï‑p
X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v.
tam³-kÀ I-lv-^v C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e k-¼-Z‑v h‑y-h-Ø h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-
kn-dn-b-³ A-ta-cn-¡³
X-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v ]‑qÀ-W‑mÀ-Y-¯‑n d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-
C-kvem-an-I km-¼- ¡‑mWv. {‑]-i-k‑v-X C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I
¯n-I hn-Z-Kv-[³. 2008 \‑n-c‑o-£-I-\‑m-b t‑a‑m¬-kÀ I-l‑v-^‑n-s‑â ]
ap-X tZm-l-bn-se T-\-¯‑n H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n d‑n-b-e‑n-Ì‑n-¡‑m-I‑m-
l-a-Zv kÀ-h-I-em-im-
e-bn C-kvem-an-Iv \‑p-Å I‑m-c-W-§Ä h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
kv-ä-Uo-kv ^m-¡Â-än. A-h-s‑b C-§-s‑\ k‑w-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑m‑w:
C-kvem-an-Iv _m-¦nw-Kv, 1. k‑z-b‑w hÀ-²-\-h‑p-ï‑m-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-
ss^-\m³-kv cw-K-¯v
an-I-¨ I¬-kÄ-«âv. ¡‑p-I.
Sustainable Develop‑ 2. k-¯‑m-]-c-a‑m-b K‑p-W-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h-ï‑n
ment in the Muslim
Countries(2002), X-s‑¶ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-I.
Encyclopedia of Islam‑ 3. h-k‑v-X‑p-h‑n-e‑q-s‑S e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ h-c‑p-a‑m-\‑w
ic Economics(2009), h-k‑v-X‑p-X‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡p-‑ -I.
Instruments of Meeting
Budget Deficit in C-X‑n-s‑â AÀ-°-X-e-§Ä h-g‑n-t‑b h‑n-i-Z‑o-
Islamic Economy(1997) I-c‑n-¡‑m‑w.
F-¶n-h K-th-j-W
cw-K-s¯ {]-[m-\ kw-`m-
h-\-IÄ. ]-e‑n-i-b‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k-h‑p‑w
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n ]-e‑n-i \‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å
I‑m-c-W-§Ä NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑p-¶ A-¡‑m-U-a‑n-I‑v ]
T-\-§-f‑n d‑n-b-e‑n-k‑w {‑]-Y-a-K-W-\‑o-b Ø‑m-
\-a‑m-WÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ]-e‑n-i C-S-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ
]-W‑w ]-W-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶
{‑]-i‑v-\‑w D-S-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. a‑m-{‑X-h‑p-a-Ã‑, ]-e‑n-
i-b‑n-e-[‑n-ã‑n-X-a‑m-b h‑m-b‑v-] k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\-¯‑nÂ
k-¯‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-
s‑S A-`‑m-h-h‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. ]-e‑n-i-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S \-a‑p-¡‑v
e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ e‑m-`‑w H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-_-e-
¯‑n-e-Ã. A-Y-h‑m‑, a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-
s‑S k‑r-ã‑n-¸‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v k-¼-¯‑v
e-`‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v. A-X‑m-W‑v d‑n-b-e‑n-k-h‑p‑w.
C-¯-c‑w {‑I‑n-b‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b k‑r-ã‑n-s‑¸‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-
22
Ã‑m-s‑X ]-W‑w ]-W-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-¶
c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v ]-e‑n-i C-S-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p
s‑h-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-X‑p a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n b-Y‑mÀ-°
a‑q-e‑y-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S (Non value assets)
B-[‑n-I‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w 2008 Â
t‑\-c‑n-«-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I {‑]-X‑n-k-
Ô‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑p-s‑N-¶-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-¿‑p‑w. F-¶‑m C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I‑v _‑m-¦‑p-IÄ a‑p-
t‑¶‑m-«‑p s‑h-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-IÄ d‑n-b-e‑n-k-¯‑nÂ
A-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X-a‑m-b-X‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑v X-s‑¶ C-¯-c‑w
{‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä D-S-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e k-¼-Z‑v-h‑y-h-Ø-b‑n-e‑p-Å
{‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« D-]-I-c-W-§Ä \-a‑p-s‑¡‑m-¶‑p
NÀ-¨-s‑¡-S‑p-¡‑m‑w.
a‑p-d‑m-_-l
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I‑v _‑m-¦‑n-M‑v c‑w-K-¯‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w
I‑q-S‑p-XÂ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v h-c‑p-¶ C-S-]‑m-S‑p
c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑p a‑p-d‑m-_-l (e‑m-`-¡-¨-h-S‑w‑).
h-k‑v-X‑p-¡Ä h‑m-§‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n _‑m-¦‑p-IÄ
D-]-t‑`‑m-à‑m-¡-s‑f k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-
W‑n-X‑v. k‑m-[‑m-c-W K-X‑n-b‑n h‑m-l-\-§-f‑p-s‑S
B-h-i‑y-§Ä-¡‑m-W‑p a‑p-d‑m-_-l I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-
b‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. h-k‑v-X‑p-h‑n-s‑â
b-Y‑mÀ-° h‑n-e h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-t‑X‑m-
s‑S‑m-¸‑w a‑n-X-a‑m-b e‑m-`‑w C‑u-S‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-¿‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑n-X‑v. D-Z‑m-l-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v,
1000 t‑U‑m-fÀ h‑n-e-b‑p-Å s‑s‑_-¡‑v h‑m-§‑p-I-
b‑m-s‑W-¶‑n-c‑n-¡-s‑«. _‑m-¦‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v \‑m‑w \-½‑p-s‑S
B-{‑K-l‑w t‑_‑m-[‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑_-¡‑v
U‑o-e-d‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X DÂ-¸-¶‑w _‑m-¦‑v
h‑m-§‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v 1100 t‑U‑m-f-d‑n-\‑v (H-c‑p
\‑n-Ý‑n-X e‑m-` X‑p-I-b‑v-¡‑v) _‑m-¦‑v \-a‑p-¡-X‑p
h‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X X‑p-I L-U‑p-h‑m-b‑n
A-S-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑u-I-c‑y‑w H-c‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-
¶‑p. C-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S s‑d‑m-¡‑w ]-W‑w I-¿‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-¯
B-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑v h-k‑v-X‑p-¡Ä h‑m-§‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-
¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v..
a‑p-d‑m-_-l C-S-]‑m-S‑n H-c‑p a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å
B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-_-e-a‑p-ï‑v. A-X‑v a‑mÀ-¡-
ä‑n e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å a-ä‑v
B-k‑v-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S k‑r-ã‑n-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-g‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-I-
b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. C-h‑n-s‑S ]-W-a-Ã _‑m-¦‑p-IÄ-¡‑v
e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ e‑m-`-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-b‑n-¨-X‑v. a-d‑n-¨‑v
C-S-]‑m-S‑n s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-« a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å
H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S e-`‑y-X-b‑m-W‑v.
C-P‑m-d
\-a‑p-¡‑n-S-b‑n k‑p-]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b h‑m-S-I
C-S-]‑m-S‑m-W‑v C-P‑m-d. h‑m-S-I \Â-I‑n-b h‑y-à‑n
X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑p {‑]‑m-hÀ-¯‑n-I N‑n-e-h‑p-IÄ h-l‑n-
t‑¡-ï-X‑v. s‑s‑h-Z‑y‑p-X‑n-¡‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b N‑n-e-h‑v
H-c‑p D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑m‑w. C-h‑n-s‑S a‑q-e‑y-
a‑p-Å H-c‑p DÂ-¸-¶‑w a-[‑y-¯‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-
2019 G{]n 24 
¶‑p-ï‑v. h‑m-S-I-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ X‑p-I X‑m³
k-l‑n-¨ {‑]‑m-hÀ-¯‑n-I I‑m-c‑y-§Ä-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n-
b‑p-Å N‑n-e-h‑n-\‑p‑w D-S-a-Ø‑m-h-I‑m-i-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-
b‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶ d‑n-kv-I -‑ ‑n-\‑p‑w ]-I-c-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑m-
W‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b H-c‑p
h‑n-t‑i-j-K‑p-W-h‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
C-P‑m-d t‑_‑m-ï‑p-I-f‑p‑w C-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-
W‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S _‑m-¦‑p-IÄ
a-[‑y-hÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑p
a‑m-{‑X‑w.
a‑p-i‑m-d-I
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n A-\‑p-h-Z-\‑o-b-a‑m-b s‑j-bÀ
_‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑p a‑p-i‑m-d-I. a‑p-S-¡‑p-a‑p-
X-e‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v e‑m-`-h‑p‑w \-ã-h‑p‑w X‑p-e‑y-a‑m-b‑n
]-¦‑n-S‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑n-X‑v. C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I‑v _‑m-¦‑p-
I-f‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p-i‑m-d-I t‑_‑m-ï‑p-IÄ I‑m-W‑m³
k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v X‑p-S-§‑m-
\‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b a‑p-S-¡‑p a‑p-XÂ a-X‑n-b‑m-h‑m-s‑X
h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-Ä A-hÀ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I‑v _‑m-¦‑n-s‑\
k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. _‑m-¦‑v a‑p-i‑m-d-I t‑_‑m-ï‑p-I-Ä
C-d-¡‑n B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b a‑q-e-[-\‑w k-a‑m-l-c‑n-
¡‑p-¶‑p. t‑_‑m-ï‑v h‑m-§‑n-b-h-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w A-h-À
\-Â-I‑n-b X‑p-I-¡-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v C‑u _‑n-k‑n-\-
k‑n-Â ]-¦‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n-¯‑o-c‑p-¶‑p. I-¼-\‑n
X‑p-S-§‑p-¶-h-c‑p‑w s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p a‑p-X-s‑e-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
C-d-t¡ï-Xpïv. A-s‑Ã-¦‑n-Â C-X‑v a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p
C-S-]‑m-S‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p‑w. _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑n-Â \‑n-¶‑v e-`‑n-
¡‑p-¶ e‑m-`‑w h‑n-l‑n-X-¯‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v j-b-À
t‑l‑m-Ä-t‑U-g‑v-k‑n-\‑p (t‑_‑m-ï‑v s‑s‑I-]-ä‑n-b-hÀ‑)
h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿-p-¶‑p. _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v \-ã-¯‑n-Â
I-e‑m-i‑n-¨‑m-Â H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w h‑n-l‑n-
X-¯‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨ \-ã‑w A-h-\-h³ X-s‑¶
k-l‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n-b‑p‑w h-c‑p-¶‑p.
apim-d-I-bn H-c‑mÄ-¡‑p e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ h-c‑p-
a‑m-\‑w A-b‑mÄ C-d-¡‑n-b a‑p-S-¡‑p a‑p-X-e‑n-s‑\
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑m-W‑v. _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ e‑m-`‑w a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å B-k‑v-
X‑n-¡‑v ]-I-c-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v ]-d-t‑b-ï-X‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m.
C-\‑n H‑m-t‑c‑m B-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ X‑p-I
h-k‑v-X‑p-X‑m-]-c-a‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-
t‑¡-ï-X‑v. A-Y-h‑m‑, X-s‑â a‑p-S-¡‑p a‑p-X-e‑n-\‑v
AÀ-l-X-s‑¸-« h-c‑p-a‑m-\-a‑m-t‑W‑m X-\‑n-¡‑p e-`‑n-
¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑p t‑\‑m-¡-W‑w. a‑p-i‑m-d-I C-S-]‑m-
S‑n e‑m-`-t‑¯-b‑p‑w \-ã-s‑¯-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-
s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑p-Å c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶
e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ X‑p-I-b‑p‑w h-k‑v-X‑p-X‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-
¡‑p‑w. F-¶‑m C-¯-c‑w \-ã-§Ä k-l‑n-t‑¡-
ï‑n h-c‑m-¯ B-[‑p-\‑n-I k-¼-Z‑v h‑y-h-Ø-b‑n-
s‑e N‑n-e s‑j-bÀ C-S-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n H-c‑p ]-s‑£
H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ X‑p-I A-b‑mÄ C-d-¡‑n-b
a‑p-S-¡‑p a‑p-X-e‑n-\‑p‑w a‑o-s‑X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³
k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-ï‑v. C-s‑X‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k-h‑p-
a‑m-b‑n s]m-cp¯-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b-Ã.
a‑p-f‑m-d-_ C-S-]‑m-S‑p‑w {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X K-W-
2019 G{]n 24 
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I‑v _‑m-¦‑n-M‑v c‑w-K-¯‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ
D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨ph-c‑p-¶ C-S-]‑m-S‑p c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑p a‑p-d‑m-_-l
(e‑m-`-¡-¨-h-S‑w‑). h-k‑v-X‑p-¡Ä h‑m-§‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n _‑m-¦‑p-
IÄ D-]-t‑`‑m-à‑m-¡-s‑f k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑n-X‑v.
k‑m-[‑m-c-W K-X‑n-b‑n h‑m-l-\-§-f‑p-s‑S B-h-i‑y-§Ä-
¡‑m-W‑p a‑p-d‑m-_-l I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶-
X‑v. h-k‑v-X‑p-h‑n-s‑â b-Y‑mÀ-° h‑n-e h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
A-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w a‑n-X-a‑m-b e‑m-`‑w C‑u-S‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-
¿‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑n-X‑v.
¯‑n s‑]-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-{‑¼-Z‑m-b-a‑m-W‑v.
a‑p-f‑m-d-_ \-S-¯‑p-¶ h‑y-à‑n a‑q-e-[-\-a‑n-d-¡‑p-
¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶ \-ã‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-
¡‑p-¶ ]-£‑w d‑n-kv-I -‑ ‑v G-s‑ä-S‑p-t‑¡-ï‑n-b‑p‑w
h-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-hÀ-¡‑p \-ã‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
A-h-c‑p-s‑S A-[‑z‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w d‑n-b-
e‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b H-c‑p h‑n-t‑i-j-W-h‑p‑w
I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã.
a‑p-I-f‑n ]-d-ª C-S-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w
d‑n-b-e‑n-k-¯‑n-\‑v h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-b B-i-b-§Ä
I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-¶‑m k-e‑w‑,
C-k‑v-X‑n-k‑v-\ X‑p-S-§‑n-b C-S-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ
C-S-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ \-S-¡‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑p a‑q-e‑y-a‑p-Å
H-c‑p B-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-`‑m-h‑w I‑m-W‑m‑w. B-X‑y-
´‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n A-h-s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w d‑n-b-e‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑\-
X‑n-c‑m-h‑p-¶‑n-Ã X‑m-\‑p‑w. a‑m-{‑X-h‑p-a-Ã‑, C-k‑v-e‑m-
a‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ e-£‑y-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑m-b
k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I t‑k-h-\-¯‑n-\‑p-Å {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-s‑¯
I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¯‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p I‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑p
k-e‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å C-S-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ C-k‑v-e‑m‑w A-\‑p-
h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w.
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e k-¼-Z‑v-h‑y-h-Ø k‑m-¼-
¯‑n-I {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-¡‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-
a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v, A-X‑n-e‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w I‑m-W‑m-\‑m-I‑p-¶
a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S Z‑r-i‑y-X s‑I‑m-ï‑p I‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v.
\‑n-e-h‑n-s‑e ]-W-s‑¸-c‑p-¸‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å {‑]-i‑v-\-
§Ä-¡‑v C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e k-¼-Z‑v h‑y-h-Ø-b‑nÂ
F-´‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-s‑a-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p-
ï‑v. ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-§Ä \‑n-c-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w
{‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑m-\‑p-Å {‑i-a-§-f‑m-W‑p
\‑m‑w \-S-t‑¯-ï-X‑v. t‑c‑m-K-s‑¯-b-Ã‑, t‑c‑m-K-I‑m-
c-W-s‑¯-b‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m N‑n-I‑nÂ-k‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v.
C-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e k-¼-Z‑v-h‑y-h-Ø
k-¼‑qÀ-W-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¸‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S
]-W-s‑¸-c‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-e‑p-Å ]-e {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑p‑w
C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑m³ t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-\‑p k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶-
X‑m-W‑v.
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