THE MONOTYPE RECORDER finer The completion of the ‘Monotype’ Walbaum size-range.Walbaum’s early years in Goslar and Weimar. Print— a Voice of the Church. Christianity in Print. THE MONOTYPE CORPORATION LIMITED‘This numberof the Monotype Recorder is set in ‘Monotype’ Walbourn Series 374 with Walbasim Mediusn Series 575 and is printed by Partridge Printers (Leeds) Lid For the translation of Dr Brachmann’s article, and for help in sccuring its Mhustrative material, our thanks are extended to Dr S. H. Stsnberg, Eaitor of The Statesman’s Yearbook and author of ive Hundred Years of Printing (Faber and Faber, 1959) ‘The front eover of this Recorder is a typographic paraphrase of the jacket of Julius Redenbora’s Gre wid Grenzen der Typographic ‘Poeschel Verlag, Stuttgert, 1959) A.copy of the Monotype Recorder is sent gratis to every printing office equipped with “Monotype” machines. Copies are on sale at cwo shillings ‘and sixpence May we remind our friends and the trade generally that the word ‘Monotype’ is our Registered Trade Mark and indicates that the goods to which it is applied aze of our manufacture or merchandiseTHE MONOTYPE RECORDER Volume 41 Number 4 1959WE HERE CELEBRATE THE COMPLETION OF THE SIZE RANGE OF ‘MONOTYPE’ WALBAUM 374-375 FROM 6D TO THE RECENTLY CUT 72 POINT HEN a new type face appears in Didot point sizes, that is an indication that it has been cut primarily for the Continental market, where that system of \ \ mensuration predominates. To the English-speaking market, that face will need to have unusual appeal as a design, if it is to overcome its initial technical handicap, namely the fact that most of the sizes of composition and display matrices will have to be cast on the nextlargest Anglo-American point size. Thus 12-point Didot matrices will require the use of a 13-point mould, which not every printing house possesses. And if (Say) 9-point Didot matrices are cast on a 10-point body, the descenders of the cast type will not quite “use” all the available pointwise depth. The discrepancy in this case would amount to 0051”, so that lines of the metal type set “solid” would have the appearance of having been “leaded” by approximately half a point. To a book printer, working normally in measures wider than 22 ems, that minute amount of extra inter- linear space is no real disadvantage, since it is his practice in any event to set on a larger body so as to take the eye comfortably across the measure. But even in the great book houses of the United Kingdom, it may be said that a “face on Didot” is at least psycho- logically handicapped as a candidate for the type-book. Hence when a face cut on that point-system does win acceptance by the great British houses, and is taken into the repertories of a number of the leading training TYPOGRAPHIE | | ocr eee 2 Walhaum is the text face of Dr Jolins Rodenbers's important new survey (see also page 5).‘THE MONOTYPE RECORDER Walbaum series 574 in its new large SIZES ABCD abcde POR XVZ schools, one may infer that there is something in its character, as an achievement in design, which has strongly appealed to publishers; and ‘hat their reasons for wanting it have seemed sound to the printing houses that are being asked to invest capital on composition matrices of the face. ' Monotype’ Walbaum Series 574 is the ontstanding example of such fan acceptance in Britain “despite the Didot handicap". Since the appearance of its first sizes in 1930 it has been adopted by 40 British printing offices as a book-face “classic”, and its popularity among advertisers has so greatly increased in recent years as to justify the extension of its display-size range (and that of its semi-bold, Walhaum ‘Medium 375) to the largest sizes for tho Supor Caster, ‘The English writer on typography may say with truth that Justus Erich Walbaum’s charming roman and italic show a reflection in Germany of the typographic revolution that was started by the French. at the time of their political Revolution — the one which forever ban- {shed the “long s” and introduced the vertically-stressed, rationalized style of type-cutting which even in our eclectic age is still called “modern”. But the English word “Germany”, until Bismarck’s day, swat not the namo of a nation but a broader and sketchier term like “Araby” or “Faery”, It meant that part of Europe where they spoke German ~ and wrote and printed in the distinctively “German” letter- forms of Fraktur, Schwabacher and script. But among the aristocracies and the intellectuals, reformist and “classical” influences were at ‘work. Schiller and Wieland definitely preferred Antiqua (roman and italic) to Fraktur. The Duchy of Brunswick under Dukes Charles 1 (brother-in-law of Frederick the Great of Prussia) and Charles II, was fa stronghold of “Enlightened Absolutiem’. Lessing was the ducal Librarian, 1770-81. The literature of the Age of Reason came into Germany clad in Antiqua type (which had always, since the fifteenth century, been a supra-national letter-form). Not for 150 years would it oust Fraktur; but in the Imperial City of Goslar, whose “sovereign” protection vas extended to its printers who pirated forsign works, a ‘market could be seen for the French-style letter of the day. Tes part of the charm of Walbaumn’s Andiiqua that it speaks roman and italio with the barest trace of a foreign accent, much to its advan- tage in the eyes of those who find too icy a perfection in the Didot and Bodoni alphabets. Iris the most aman of the neo-classic faces, and the ‘one most likely to arouse interest as to the personality of its designer. Dr Bruchmann's discoveries throw new and welcome light upon the start of J, E, Walbaum’s career. ‘5 opposirE: A page from Dr Rodenberg's Grasse und Grenzen der Typographie (C.F. Poeschel Verlag, Stuttgart) richly illustrated scholarly review of book production over 70 years.ee ee ee tiled pen ela | | | | : Epona ivBhmorctaogan tek ‘Sena prove sri ohing ‘pengranunineret ssepneappgeere oper” || cause | nibitinge | | Ane dam Seltprbenbuch der Caren Pres, Plsistar, Londen 1908, Walbaum-Antiqea ((6 Punk), aban Hust (46 Post) dic Wissenschafiler festgelegt hatten, weil der Schrifischmeider, dem der Schnitt ‘ibertragen wurde, viele in der Zeichnung vorgesehenen Neueramgen 2ugunsten der alten ‘Tradition veréinderte, Aber es blich doch sehr viel itbrig, das zeigt, daB die “Type sich im Gegensatz zur Renaissance-Form weiterentwickelt hatte. New sind vorallen Dingen die waagerechton Serifsanstelle der gekehlten schrigen dex Renais- sance-Antiqua, charakteristisch sind das versale O und das gemeine o mit den ver- tikalen Anschwellungen statt der schrigen, auf der Handschrife beruhenden bei der Renaissanee-Antiqua. Auch tritt gogentiber friher ein stirkerer Unterschied.rwi- schon den dicken (fetten) und diinnen Grundlinien hervor. Das sind alles Ziige, die dann bei der kassizstischen Antiqua, der Didot-, der Bodoni- und der Walbauan- Antiqua wieder crecheinen, aber hier eine bedeutende Steigerung erfahren. ‘Dab die Schriften des 18, Jahrhunderts auch vom Kupferstich beeinflu wurden, sei hier nur vermerkt; es wiirde 2u weit filren, wenn wir uns eingehender mit der interewanten Frage beschaftigten, welche Answirkungen auf die Drucktype im he- sonderen der Kupferstich gehabt hat.WALBAUM’S EARLY YEARS IN GOSLAR AND WEIMAR AN ACCOUNT BASED UPON HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS BY KARL G. BRUCHMANN (HE Free and Imperial City of Goslar plays only a ‘modest role in the history of printing. The last Bible in the Low German language came from the presses of ‘the Goslar printer Vogt (1619). In 1650 there appeared the first issue of the Berghalender (Miners? Almanac), the ‘oldest calendar still existing; its printer, Nicolaus Dimncker, isthe ancestor ofthe Beelin house of Dunckerand Humblot, ‘the publishers of the historian Ranke. The first monograph on Albrecht Ditrer, came out in Goslar in 1728. These are the highlights of Goslar printing until we come to Justus Erich Walbawm, who began his career as @ typefounder during the last years of the old Imperial Gity ‘The story of Walbaum’s activities in Goslar can be re- constructed fom the file entitled Legal documents concern- ing the eype foundry to be established in Goslar, which is preserved in the town archives.) Fortunately the papers fare not only concerned with the legal aspects, although these are quite interesting in themselves. For they show, implicely and explicitly, the difficulties which beset the path of en enterprising artisan faced with the rigidity of a decaying social order. However, the man who gave his powerful support to young Walbanm, was himself free from the narrow-mindedness of the guilds which éomin- ‘ated the Goslar town council, Johann Georg Siemens (1748 =1807) was an energetic personality who did his best to infuse fresh bloed into his native town, ‘rotting beneath its privileges” as Goothe graphically described it. Asthe lst reigning burgomaster of the Imperial City he was instra- ‘ental in incorporating it into Prussia (1802); the famous nineteenth-century engineers Wemer von Siemens and ‘Sir William Siemens were his collateral kinsmen. In 1796, ‘when Walbaum went to Goslar, Siemens was te Speaker (orthalter) of the town guilds, that is to say the most influential man after the burgomaster. Its nat improbable ‘that the whole idea of reviving the stagnant economy of Goslar by setting up a typefomdry originated in Siemens’ fertile brain, for the “notoriously poorest imperial town”, @ Stadtarchir Godlar, Repos. Abe. IIT, Fach 219, Acta 2804 6 a8 Goslar appeared to the Prussian statesmen, could hardly havo attracted a forward-looking entrepreneur. “The first item in the file isa petition by Ernst Wilhelm Gottlieb Kircher, the Printer to the City Council. On 28th May 1796, ho “submissively” addressed from Brunswick the following letter “to the Burgomasters and Council of the Pree Imperial City of Goslar”. “Most and right honourable, most prudent, mest wort’ and respected Sirs! Ernst Wilhelm Gotlch Kircher, printer, humbly suppl cates for an exclusive privilege to set up a typefoundry. Because of the partiality I, as a citizen and inhabitant, entertain for Goslar, aul of the conviction that this toun is particularly suitable, [have formed the resolution to sc up ‘2 typefoundry there in this very year. 4s, however, this installation entails large expenses for which I ean hope 10 de indemnified only in duc courve, I need the assurance ‘that, during the lifetime of myself and mine, nobody ele will De permed 10 establish a second typefoundry inthe city or transfer one from elecwhere. I therefore humbly petition ‘yotr, most honourable and noble Sirs, to grant me, out of “your kindness and without charge, an exclusive privilege for “eting up a typafoundry. As is well known, the welfare and prosperity of the town ana of its every citizen is your sole concern. I thorofore confidently hope that you will comply with this my petition have the honour tobe, with respect duty, Sirs, Your obedient seroant, Exst With. Gotl. Kircher. ‘One can hardly fil to detect Siemens’ influence in the prompt response to Kircher’s petition. On the same day ‘hat the Small Couneil ~ che eoramittoe actually managing the city government ~ received it (2 June) the following. “decree” was issued by the chancellery: The petitioner has bean granted the assurance that during is and his wife's lifetime nobody else will be granted a concession to set up a typefoundry here.L con sqenya 2pos Apna pu airy pone doys asm soy peo samme ay apes 2y riourysygmasa Buggesad-ase 20404 sof ‘eyed cog 0 fen poyone a4 2204 Lens sy fo ponicd 32) aya up pow om unis axes sof suossay ugonosp fo ning aa pony ye poy my Brora sou) Suayade posayo ay ‘nouszou ¢fpoghiaas on "yom wa SwcpeRNp “A “ap 9m 29 fo 30g 242 amefuongrpous vm 24 OG EN HT “Susnmsiua fo r40 4001 Kece foauisy ony rpsofonany pins 22 mimeo wopumge oT pasar “an ay ‘eunsse-doys v sD aananf su woul raxdz0 ppeo oy anya omy aca 7 wi0sf hate sy prow Lap 0} Lop wal posrsan Dats sof woman sy 39° 40f prod ym prow ‘uaafo nyPnoe ‘paanoaudde 21am sucrempoud sypy “Susan 810 pats 0¢ sgpoom woul Sipfiscoons popoazout woes oy ueR svonddy poucssrop yp gy oansSus 07 unSog pu ‘sww0y woes poo args pamoud ‘sermon saayp prnsoauca 7pm ~paaois pro dn ayoug 247 ‘popane zy syoor yy fs am “anf 09 04 1402} 09 2aosoa tiny pou my. “900y 7 Pip umoayngy aoop At yas penedoo apa w saumbou ‘009 ancy “yonye fo asioand aya “ol sy nasofiad yom ten oafico w Yorn moxim spprous 29m Ay enoyryeg » up sexmafnsa sgamuskouaol my ponengo 24 ‘ue sy m0 poe.os Busnoy ‘pun poooudela sso 504 panna amuse pun Aisoy sy aoym “eacyscemagy sovagefios pre 2209 ayy on ny pacgriad J samo spawn @ 4of ms ype Buntpoy pu pev0g 19 som ay pio ‘t Pp J a2.2UaU0D on 08 ox panuomn oyen sty fo ues sr fo ams ayes 1 way axputoud 02 pry] youosimay ex pouofunca som wayyy ezy Sou 0.99 00 Pasn [ wOY YM “eoporpD fy so YRLORS TO UPUe Abang w span py ais tuo ary wong 9004 7 “puoyessod Loon us spo pro prs pu nos prem asa us agg 202% 54 fo ssoupoo3 aya pu 8s sof yon 20 pen wadsna Leone te nod 02 gy prouauases 7 aouopyfucs aiquod “oA -suazyy> ox, pun sworn mod Siow posoquinu 29 4 S248 oY rman sys soswods ‘ornvo pood iata sof wsormg 28} sears anok um ‘ro ays orig yuan Lt ‘Out spunea vemsodsip Spuossf mo pus auxpnanbon Suapuss Pu no fo aos 18 “soya apf wm pire ‘purrs, coop hu no oF yp 2002p 7 anon “suanod sy puodog oF pyro {rayon spenucep yen pre uy sede sicgoume9 ay) spun “vada umo sy 2 donna ayn prose 09 a ssp oxo 534 99 02 Stn cone some] oY, “umm Aap 09 SSL 4 popea pun 3803 suo suanf [pm pomtoesanow sy 109 yodewons a pugrsgo Antes soy sssneng snp sof nao sy tumvaayn a 197] Fon fo 1ySrexp Aousdi0 on ona sn ary sop sepimofadly v v0 aaoyn dn 25 ob po Aino an0d un soy sey seo spurns sspsn Bun0d a4, “Appanu nod uo Ap pro nal ops sy nado pp 34 amy ucy Bingen pte nak spavons aowprfiuan omy Seaxds w2 SUVaK KTUVE SoNAVOT WAL pasos nef’ 'sSusoq moral nok fo ssmusddeny mp sxnosd a women mo pw m2 2908 0d ‘sznatzn fo tay pin i0k “uowrrdos quosina snad fo asom Sag saloud sy Susur toa zanstsen puv a2pe mo. an adoy pum aapyfon fo mf tzvay 2 yan nod soyrvoudde uonsa9s Kus 70 oH *21) sumoqun.yy fo manow aya dq “es Barak v 24ay 208 NOX ipeossf Miion ‘as powsnso peo 10°C -pBproad ey wo woos 297 a0%8eg ‘aon o19FF *,tuOKEMDOP Tea, J OT 9x 0% PENDETE Jerooursos euossed pure areamsur sm Seysey 205 SHOOTS oy oF [ysTEAT aq fuo Uo Ayo 0 weROrsE amp ‘pu tzearvo st Jo Ploysaut aya Ho WeUr plo s096-¢g Og. 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Genego sBepozid wp afer ny pe Sane se fo umang Sd pe ale eee eet seorssa Jo poap Fema, at postoox pIMeD Aug om “Soo GH UO “umeagey oF aBorEN sy pIpED pH SHAE Arpamoyed. dn er ey md ory proopue HSATy "aS anosogyp oa worsen om ‘rosaaon ‘one eqoom soy‘THE MONOTYPE RECORDER Walbau’s neat and acceptable engraving of sheet muss. Here once again, he was self-taught for previously he did rot know a single note and had no idea of music. From this brief account you will see what kind of man I ‘am recommending to youn, ry estimable friend, and that he deserves your assistance in supporting and promoting his new enterprise. You know that the frst step isthe hardest. He thas litle ready money. AU he ouns isthe fruit of his hard toil, with no income ~ or practically none — accruing from ‘is old father and his parents-in-law. Therefore, deal with the young man as gently as posible. Teed say nothing more but that he will certainly be a credit 0 your city and that his whole conduct wilt be in ‘accordance with your expectations. He will be grateful to ‘you all his life for what you are doing on his behalf, and honour you as the founder and patron of his prosperity: just as T shall regard all the Kindness and favour you may ‘show him as bestowed upon myself. I shall hold it my mast sacred and pleasant duty, on similar occasions, to adduce proof of my zeal to serve you and of the unlimited devotion which T shall bear unto you all my life Tam, Sir, Your humble servant, Brunswick, 12 July 1796 Alers. ‘The letter needs but few explanatory notes. According to the register of births and baptisms of the Lutheran parish of Steinlah, a fow milos north of Goslar, Walbaum was ‘born on 25 January 1768 as the son of the local vicar, Johann Trich Walbaum, and on 28 January christened ‘Johann Gebbard Justus Erich, with four Lutheran pastors as his godfathers. Tho subject of the portrait medallion cut by the 22-year old Walhaurn was the Rev. Johann Friedrich ‘Wilhelm Jerusalem (1709-89), famous for the important part he played in the establishment of the Collegium Garolinum, the Technical University, in Brunswick and known as the unhappy father of the prototype of Goethe's ‘Werther. A medallion of him isin fact extant, of which the ‘Town Muscum of Brunswick has two copies cast in silver and iron respectively; although they bear no signature it is ‘more than probable that they are Walbaum’s work. The Johann Peter Spehr, referred to, was the owner of a flourishing masic-printing and publishing firm in Bruns. ‘wick which his widow cartied on after his death in 1895. © For this information I am obliged to Herr Pastor Wanders: eb, Haveriah, Kreis Godlar. ©) For this information Tam indebted to Professor Wilhelin Jesse, sometime Director of the Brunswick Museum, Walkaum is mentioned in Heinrich Bolzenthal, Shizzou zur Kunstgerchichte der modernen Medailien-Arbeit (Bertin 1840), but no specifi pieces are attributed to him. © For this information I am obliged to the Divector of the ‘Town Archives of Brunswick. Siemens must have been favourably impressed by Wal- baum for he at once made him put down his request formally in writing. This Walbaum did in the following Hiunblo Memorandum to the Honourable Mr Speaker Siemens: My wishes which I humbly submitted yesterday are these: (@ To obtain from the Most Honourable Council here the concession to establish a typefoundry here, to be granted to myself, ray wife ane children, with the proviso thas 17 WILL NOT BE GRANTED TO ANYBODY ELSE during the lfe- dime of myself and mine as long as any of us actually carries on typefounding: (i) To be received at once as a protected person or as a. fll citizen; I should very much prefer the later as I am cor vince that che Most Honourable Counc will make it easy in every way for me as a young artist who has a valuable investment to afer (Gi) To obtain certain tangible privileges for the people T need for my typefoundry. ‘Your obediont servant, Gotlar, 14 Fuly 1796 J.B, Walbaurn. Perhaps even the night before Walbaum had penned this note, Siemens sent him to the ‘Town Clerk (Synditus), Johann August Stephan Giesecke, who would have to put ‘through the legal formaliti. With your permission (Siemens wrote) the typefounder Walbauam will call on you tonight. For the time being, the status of a protected person should be inorder for him. He is quite willing to pay the protection money, poll tax land defence contribution, all in all four imperial dollars per annum. ‘The answer to this missive which the Town Clerk sent to Siemens by return surprises by its warmth and shows thet Walbaum must have built up a reputation for himself. ‘This is what Giesecke wrote: T congratulate Goslar upon Herr Walbau’s wish to become a prosected person. Such a man deserves to be given at least a few tax-free years, even if it were nat possible to give him the freedom ofthe city without charge. Siemens was not the man to let grass grow under his feet. He at once drafted the privilege Walbaum was to be granted and forwarded it to Giesecke, But the Town Clerk. now raised a mumber of legal objections which he embodied in a memorandum addressed to Siemens. No doubt in order tp expedite the procedure, Siemens at once accepted the ‘Town Cletk’s suggestions. ‘The final version of the privi- lege eventually took the form of Siemen’s draft with the alterations made by Giesecke.We Burgomasters and Council of the Free and Imperial City of Goslar of the Holy Roman Empire enact and ordain herewith: Whereas Herr Walbaum, engraver, of Brunswick, has creditably proved that our Printer to the Council, Here Kircher, has Lin his the engraver Walbaum's interest] re- nounced the claim to the privilege recently granted to ir, namely to set up a typefoundry here, and whereas at the samme time the said Herr Walbau has petitioned 1) torregrant him the eaid privileges (Gi) to grant ion the freedom of our city; and to permit [to grant certain privileges tohietworkrnen: We hereby and by virwe of our offial power and authority, bestow without charge, upon Herr WFalbaurs, engraver, for himself, his wife and children the privilege establish @ typefoundry here in Goslar “before the end of the present year 1796”. “And whereas Herr Walbawn, engraver, in view of this permission, may expect frora usin general all and every reasonable support, above all however our official protc- tion and patronage, we herewith assure him specifically @) that “after he has established the typefoundry here” rot only he himself but also his wife and children will be granted the freedom of our city without any charge whatsoever and that no payment to our treasury twill berequiredsexcept that he shall disburse the usual] small emoluments due from every new citizen to the commissioners of the treasury and the chancellery and tothe public servants; (G) that all and every workman whom: he is going to employe in the proposed typefoundry and to attract here for that purpose shall [as lang as they are employed by him] not only be accepted, free of charge, as protected persons together with their wives and children, but also be Land remain] entirely free of all public dues of whatever description “until the end of the year 1798"; that, as long as he or his wife or any of his children ull be carrying on the typefoundry to be established here, no one will be granted the concession for the establishment of a second typefoundry; Lfinally (0) that, if he should find it convenient to retrocede the privilege to our printer, Herr Kircher, we shall not put any obstacles in his wy on that count, ad we shall furthermore consider ourselves bound towards Herr ‘Kircher in respect of everything contained in this instrument] Tnwitness thera te have appended the great seal of our city. Given at Gostar, the 18th of July 1796. Giosecke expresely told Siemens that im view of bi ‘© Giesecke's deletions have boon enclovedin ure brackets; Iisadditions in double quotes WALBAUN’S EARLY YEARS “favourable disposition towards Walbaum” he had no Incstation im putting forth “ome observations” en Siemens! daft privilege. These refer to the fallowing points (and ‘were, as we have seen, aocepted by Siemens): (0) Kircher has an indubitable right to relinquish the privilege granted to him. But, i he also entitled to do 20 (for the bensfit of a third part? Nothing of the hind is ‘said in the decree (issued by the City Council on 2 June; sve above], and it is by no means self evident. I there- fore suggest that Kircher eresignation should be accepted ‘ya special Council decree, that the words “in hs . interes” be omided from Watbauen's privilege which should be granted as an act of grace. () Nor must, in my opinion, the Couneil be restricted by Walbasm who therefore must not be permitted t resign in anybody else's favour. No; he, too, must resign ab- solutaly. Ido not apprehend any disadvantage from it. For, if Walbaum fails, everybody will fight shy and nobody will take the matter up. If he suceeds, well, I don't doubt that more than one competent typefounder twill turn up who wants to obtain the job. The Counei, if itis so minded, can choote the most suitable man, and the City a least does not run the risk of losing the trade through Walbaeurn's fault and precedent. If you agree, the whole clause (is) should be delete. (iv) Lam heart and soul in favour of making things easy (for a beginner, including tuxexemption, ele. for a definite time. But exemption from all public charges for an indefinite time will some day certainly cause dificultce. Although I have nothing to say against anything that is tobe granted to Walbaurn, Lain rather doubtful about what isto be granted on these lines to his ‘men, and that moreover on a permanent baci. These doubts, itis true, do not apply: to unmarried workers, ut they do to the married ones. Married journeymen in the building, carpentry and those other trades which ‘are not only useful but even indispensable have to pay their dues. Why not the married typefounder journey ‘men, too? What complaints, what unrest might not arise when it becomes known thes we differentiate between them? If, on the other hand, exemption will be granted only forthe fret two years, this can easily be justifiad and Walbaur willbe obliged. Ie is cleas from these notes that the Town Clerk, far from being obstructive, wat guided hy sound and consistent principles, though perhape tinged by the lawyer's invet- crate fear of inadvertently creating precedents which one day might be used in evidence against the real or imagined interests of his department. All these documents were submitted to the Small Coun- cil atits very next meeting, on Monday 18 July 1796. The 9‘THE MONOTYPE RECORDER rminntes of the session make it clear that the Walbaum- Kircheritems on the agenda were passed without discussion: (©) Mr Speater Siemens reads privilege for the type- founder Walbaur. Passed and forwarded for engross- ‘ment to the Chancellery. (i) The Printer to the Council, Kircher, submits declara- ton, Resignation of privilege for typefoundry accepted. Thns Justus Erich Walbanm was Inunched on his successful career as a typefounder. However, despite the favour shown him by the Imperial City, Gotlar soon be- ‘came too small for Walbaum's expanding energy. Afterall, not even Siemens could transform the stagnant backwater into a flowing stream. A few days before Goslar was incoe- porated in the Prussian monarchy (8 September 1802), Walbaum addressed himself “to his Serene Highness the Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Bisenach, my most gracious sovereign, at Weimar”. Duke Charles Augustus had made his petty principality the intellectual centre of the German- speaking world: Wieland, Herder, Goethe, Schiller, Fichte, Schlegel, Schelling had been attracted by the court of ‘Weimar or the university of Jena. If Weimar could not ‘measure up to the eoomomic importance of places such as Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfart or Leipzig, it was unrivalled in the field of contemporary Iiterature. It speaks for ‘Walbaumn’s good sense that he chose Weimar as the seat of his business. This is the leter he wrote to the Duke: Most Serene Highness, ‘Most gracious Prince and Sovereign, Your Highness’ well-known disposition towards furthering the arts and sciences and usefu professions has awakened in me the desire and resolution to estabtish in the toun of Wei- mar the typefoundry which I have hitherto been carrying ‘on with good success here in Goslar. I am being moved to take this step in view of the fact that the typefoundry of Prillwite in Jena cannot by itself serve the many printing “offices in that region; because of the wishes of several of my ‘customers in Saxony’ to be within reasonable distance: and above all because of the good custom which Ihave been given ly the new printing ofice of the Ducal Saxon Court Landes- Industrie-Compteir. ©The Weimar dots of the Privy Council concerning the petition of the typefounder Walbaum [corrected from: Walibrunn] of Goslar for a concession to establish type- foundry in this our toun (Thuringian Land Archives, ‘Weimar; pressmark B 7687) have kindly heen placed at my dispoeal by the Director of the Archives, to whom Tam also obliged for the permission to publish therm, 10 Therefore humbly request, in return for a modest annual charge, a gracious concession and Your Serene Highness! Sovereign protection for the exercise of my profession. T hope to prove myself a layal subject and wsef citizen of Your Highness, and ar, with assured confidence, looking forward tothe most gracious granting of my petition. Wish deepest respect, [remain, Your Serene Highnes?’ most humble servant, SE, Wallan Goslar, § September 1802 On the same day, 2 October, when this letier was placed ‘before him, Duke Charles Augustus advised the administ- ration that he had granted the concession, that the annual charge should be fixed after consultation with the trea- sury, and that the necessary document should be made out. ‘The administration roported on 15 November that the annual charge should be two imperial dollars, and sub- amitted the doeument for the Duke's signature. ‘The Duke signed iton 26 November and hadit forwarded to Walbauin, ‘who early in 1805 moved to Weimar. ‘Walbaum’s typefoundry in Weimar soon became one of the most famous of its kind throughout Germany. But ‘Walbaumn’s end of life was darkened by the death of his only son, Tacodore (12 Fuly 1856), who in 1828 had taken over the management of the firm. The father sold the business in October 1856 to F. A. Brockhaus, the great [Leipzig publisher and printer. The typefoundry was moved to Leipzigin 1856 and eventuallyin 1918, sold to the firm of H. Berthold, who thus became the owners of Walbaum’s original punches and matrices. Justus Erich Walhaum died from a stroke, 69 yeare old, in Weimar on 21 June 1887. © Yor this information I am indebted to the Gburch CConsistory ofthe city of Weimar. ‘There is no monograph on Walbaum. Contebtions to ‘Walbaum’s biography and achievements are to be found in tarious books of reference; they are, however, inoon- sistent among themselves and often misleading. ae to homes and dates. See, for instance: K. Feulmanm, Hlus- ttiorte “Geschichto der Buckésuekorlunet (1882); A. Waldow,” Iustrierte-Eneyklopadie der _graphlachen Kinste (1884); F. Mitkau and G. Leyh, Handbuch der Biblidhekovisenschafi, 1 (Bnd ety 1952); J. Kirchner, Lerikon des Buchwesens, 1 (1953); A. Rapr, Deutsche Schrifthunst (1955); Gustav Bohadti, Von der Romain de Hoi au don Schriften J. G, Justus Erich Walbaurs, a hhandiome publication of the typefoondry of H. Berthold AGG, Beolin/ Stattgare, 1957198, Cevtia. 61 Porte) Ego multos homines excel- lenti animo ac virtute fuisse, et sine doctrina, naturae ipsius habitu prope divino, per seip- sos et moderatos, et graves ex- 199, Cectian (10 rome) Ego multos homines ex- cellenti animo ac virtute fuisse, et sine doctrina, na- turae ipsius habitu prope divino, per seipsos et mod Mii 824 901 6 Pe 4 Walhaum's voman snd italic as shown in the Broekliaus specimen book of 1846. bakers’ moulds such as 5 Welbaus’s medallion of Abbot Terusalem (Brunswick Museu) 6 Examples from the Seddtisches Musume of Brunswick, of XVIUT-century 1m engraved svith converted swont-bladesTHE MONOTYPE RECORDER THe DRAM-DRINKER ; 5 Dp of Fa fr se et ete imtitarepapeee mae CCinning yal sce Anes ae Mit Ronehekantye aot { Dee be Pais | i ie ee a ea a + big de rc rg oa, te 3 eer: Cathedral printing with the authority of well planned typography and 4 anovE: eBectively designed pamphlets and posters from many denominations.Print: a Voice of the Church hh ted oi ted Se ere. bet heen cemess i Othman 2 Questionary form for St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Walton-on-Thames, Reduced from 54" x 12", Set and printed by Fosh and Cross in ‘Monotype’ Perpetua, with an effective use of Gondly Text 202. eee bratrone ts er sronp of parish journals in which the hurch Militant is not hesitating ta fight fire with fire, Other and nore tranquil examples are shown overleaf and on page 21 8THE MONOTYPE RECORDER interest hy ite “home-made” simplification fof the all too typical style shown above Perpetna Titling, which is now within the reach of any small Jocal printer, replaced fone of the anost perverse pseudo-gothic jobbing faces ever foisted on the public Dues ey is set in ‘Times New Roman 427 with its Bold 394 Cironlation 5,750. STEP AHOY PRIE PATIENT BARWELL ‘cn Stapleton un Potters Marton, PARISH MAGAZINEPRINT: A VOICE OF THE CHURCH Hall, with a backward glance at the screens and cases that had been showing the public, this June, es TT is the most exciting typographic exhibition that I have ever seen,” said a visitor to our Lecture how printing forreligious publicity is today being transformed, and immensely enhanced in effective- ness, by intelligent design. Print: a Voice of the Church, which was opened on May 2st by the Rt Rev. and Rt Hon. J. W. C. Wand, drew more than a thousand visitors to Fotter Lane during the four weeks of its début thero; was then transferred to Church House, Westminster, and is now travelling on what promises to be a long and far-flung tour. That word “exciting” was often heard during those weeks, and with good reason. Here one could see, side by side on a screen, “before and after” examples of parish magazines, appeal-leaflews and other “Church jobbing” pieces, which offered the beholder mnch the same sort of| thrill that moves an audience when the magic wand des- cends on the ash-grimed shoulder of the poor gentle gir] ‘who was left behind when her Ugly Sisters flounced off in their finery to the ball. The "‘befores” showed how far this particular kind of publicty-and-jobbing work could sink down among the typographic cinders of the “cheap jobbing printer's” shop. The companion pices, in almost every cas, showed how much more efficiently and convincingly the same message could be projected into the reader's mind ~ ‘with approximately the same outlay of money ~ by sensible planning and intelligent design. Such contrast-exhibits are always interesting; but these comparisons (and the other examples of transformed printing for-religion) could fairly be called “exciting” for two reasons. First of all these exhibited pices were, in their nature, capable of exciting practically any visitor to immediate action in furtherance of an admirable idea. Noone will ever come away from that show thinking “All very fine, but hhow do I come into it?” Every ordinary parishioner shares the responsibilty of seeing to it that the parish magazine and every other job down to the féte tickets and handbills shall stop looking shabby-cleapjack and shall take on the typographiclook ot having emanated froma respectable and proud organization. Moral support from the Man in the Pow, and a common-sense agreement that publicity of any sort deserves. fair allocation, are vital to the success of such are-styling, and it was heartening to hear a number of lay visitors revolving to “take a more helpful interest” henco- forth in the Viear's stragele to put more lie and eye-appeal into the printed matter of the parish. ‘As for the clerical visitors, they came away well armed with practical, realistic snggostions for tackling that task immediately. The Rev. John Wilkinson, who originated the whole plan of the exhibition and shared with The Monotype Corporation's Exhibition Department the work of organizing and publicising i, was given generous eaves of-absence from his duties as @ curate of St Dumstan and All Saints, Stepney, to be present in an advisory capacity, and clerics of many denominations were glad of the chance to congratulate him and his colleagues on the success of Step Ahoy (farnous among the livelier parish journals) and to seek advice from so experienced a source. But visitors id not have to depend on oral belp alone. A printed Keepseke had been prepared for distribution to all Those attending. This slim pamphlet, devised and written 45‘THE MONOTYPE RECORDER by Mr Wilkinson and charmingly illustrat’ by Mr Ronald Beuhaso, explained The Way t Big” Prin in vrms of all the things that threatened 0 go wrong, and waste money for “The Rev. Hugh Peel” from the moment when he “reaches for 8 piece of paper and hegins to sketch outa croalae™ for the opening of the Youth Chub, only a month ahead — and all the ways in which he was helped over those snags and saved time and needless fexpense, through the sensible advice of “Mr Sidostick the printer”. Our facsimile page Fg 40) shows two episodes in the adventure. Each page had its bit of narrative, its imaginative and fis technical ilstration, and lastly its “Moral “ogg under “the Second Chock" — "the enstomer must be extra careful in checking at he is now responsible forall mistakes not detected”. Just as Sides is about to begin printing, the Rev. H. P remembers that the Opener of his Youth Gtob is also the local MLP. “Can Sidestck fit this in? See how the alteration affects the whole page.” Tventually the leaflet is printed. “Peel is pleased.» Sidestic i pleased too, as Mr Peel has learned from his mistakes” And there, laid into the pamphlet, one sees the actual job on which they have been working in “informed co- operation” (ec fig. 12. Tn short, there was every reason for the visitors to feol the excitement of being able to translate aan impressive row of items on a tereen into the terms of “what we could do about i before this week is out” "That was one reaton why vistors spoke of hav- ing been moved and stired by this exhibition ‘There was another and deeper reason, which rany of them expressed in their own different ‘ways, One said: “I's not just showing how one brand of nail varnish competes in print with an- other this is all about something that matters Imore than thet”, Another asked whether there had over before een an exhibition of printing. forreigion that grouped its exhibits without ref cerence to denomination, simply by the kind of printed message that each was delivering: and had Jet the selection depend upon the success with ‘which each publishing church, whatever it ereed, had risen to the need to give worthy outward and and visible form to its printed matter. We have hot heard of any procodent fr this The Church of England natarelly bulked large on the sexeenss but one of the more admired items in the show 16 S. MARTIN’S CHURCH SALISBURY NEEDS YOUR HELP (HE church of 8, Martin is in danger. Over the centuries its walls have been pushed outwards by the weight of the roof. In the past few years the condition of the masonry of the south wall has de- teriorated so fast that the south aisle and the fifteenth~ century nave may collapse. If they do collapse, S. Martin's will fall in ruins. At the moment part of the nave has been shored up with a timber support, but this is no more than the first phase of the complete restora~ tion. The need for major structural repairs is urgent. If ‘we are to save S, Martin’s we must act now. Wenced £17,000 to carry out these repairs, Naturally the parishioners will raise all they can. There are 260 on the electoral roll, and they are determined to raise as much as is necessary —no matter how many thousand pounds that may be—to make up the total. Further, we hope to obtain help from trusts interested in the preser- vation of historic churches—and this help depends largely upon our raising a substantial sum by our own 9 John Piper illustrated and the Gurwen Press printed the appealDEED OF COVENANT I ce oes uennoy CovENAN? with the necro and CHURCHWARDEXS oftamum 3, mawrin’s in the diocese of saztsauny that for 1 period of seven years from the date of this Deed or during my life (whichever is the shorter period) I will pay annually to the said azcrox and cuuscswaapens fiom my general fund ‘of taxed income such a sum at will after the deduction of income ‘ax at the standard rate for the time being in force leave in the hands of the said nxcrox and cHuRcHWARDENS a net sum of sneer errere testes ene (fe) the first annual payment to be made on the... day a cena subsequent annual payments tobemade on the eee ee AY OB on In each subsequent year. IN WITNESS whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal Bh os vn day OF RE re (S108ED) ona eee ini ae SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED by the above- named COVENANTOR in the presence of a WITNESS { appnsss..._ BANKER’S ORDER Date +9. aRaNcu Please place to the eredit of the RECTOR andcHURCHWARDENS of SARUM 3, MARTIN'S at LLOYDS BANK, Salisbury, on — coo ‘and on the same date in each year until further notice, the sum of = Al comple forms, elading bankers rr, sould be retared to ‘S Martin’ Racoy, Sali, Wile form of which two pages are here shown in actual-size type facsimile. PRINT: 4 VOICE OP THE CHURCH ‘was the Questionary-folder of the St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Walton-on-Thames (fig. 2); the Society of Friends had credit for the quiet elegance of so much of their typography; the R.Cs had distinguished representation; and among the stationery, that designed by the Rey. E. A. Gabb ‘of Tooting Function Baptist Church (himself once 1 printer) received special praise. "The real “division” which emerged was bet ween what could almost be called Dignity and Impudence : e.g. between the suecessfully tranquil ‘nd harmonionsly-designed parish magazine and some equally suocessfil effort to fight fire with fire by the typographic shock-tactcs ofthe popular Asily paper. ‘There is room enough for adventure along either line. "The screens which led up to the modern ex- samples showed that this ability to court popular taste has never been absent from the Church in all the centuries since she nursed the invention of printing through its cradle days. The comie-strip approach (complete with “balloons") was beil- jiantly exploited in ffteonth-century woodeut prints, and among the ninctoenth-century peany- tracts visitors would chuckle at the wiliness with which Hannah More offered the new literates of the working clas “a Dram of the Real” (lig. 1). But this tradition of appealing to the masses, and the parallel tradition of giving beautiful form to sacred words, do not represent two different and ‘warring ¢chools of thought. The men and women swho are reforming the look of religious printing by appropriate typography aze following the pre- cept of the greatest of Christian missionaries in being “all things to all men”. We could hardly adduce a more striking instance than that of the Rev. John Wilkinson kimself, for here one finds that the same man who can startle-up attention with a “pop-style” periodical ike Step hoy had, in his years at Oxford, eamod a high international reputation for the delicacy and charm of the oc- casional work of the Capivard Press, of which he instill the private owner. Behind such adaprability to circumstance as that, one is sure to find the souxce-springs of genuine conviction. We have therefore asked Mr Wilkinson to tell our readers, in his own words, how he entered into his adven- tures with the printed word, and what put into his mind that possibility which was worked ont so inacseeiaiy lt Lis ixhhdonl is wey Dea a the page that follows. wCHRISTIANITY IN PRINT BY THE REV. J. D. WILKINSON age. The only word I knew of his language was “Perperna’, and it was a good enough word to start with. But looking at the cover of that old magazine, Trwish Thad leamed the word “Letter-spacing” as well. Oxford is @ city where you can lear anything. T chore clases and theology, rowing and printing, and Teoame in five years a happy amateur of all four. As soon as term time came round I spent long afternoons ia the Seacourt Press trying to make layouts that would ‘work, and admising the tolerance ofits parmers as they filed in my gaps. And s0 ~ I thought ~ I was learning to be a printer. T picked up a liu of the language. I watched job after job as it wont through the press, and T began to under- ‘eand a litle how itis that the words find their way onto f page. But in fact I was learning to be a printer's customer Very lee tne was wasted. Case, stone and machine ‘worked with unanimity together, and the stacks of printed shects would increase without interruption. ‘Then, just as the routine was running at its smoothes, ‘the shadavr of a customer would fall across the doorway Someone would have to put down his work and greet hhim. And then the difficulties bogen. ‘The customer may have an idea what he wants. But very often he cannot visualise his idea except as mann seript. The printer, on the other hand, does not know ‘what the customer wants. He cannot visualise it either, ‘until the enstomer has expressed it in words which make sense. As the clocks chimed the quarters, and the cus- tomers still hovered, I hegan to side with the printer. I ‘worked in my corner and cursed the customer. And this was. fatal error. [No good printing is possible when printer and cus- tomer are in opposition. They need not be bosom friends nr even share very much in the way of typographical preferences. Bat they must learn enough to understand each other and communicate their needs. Otherwise co-operation cannot begin. PRINT ~ a Voice of the Church began as plea for co-operation. I believed in 1950, and I stil believe that ‘the printer's customer should leara a technique. The ‘technique i simple enough. The facts are few, and the | FIRST became a printer’s customer fourteen years 18 Thinking it out Peel rings up the Treasurer after breakfast nextday. He approves the idea, and leaves it to Pec! to produce the circular, so long as nomoney is wasted. Time, of course, ‘must be paid for by someone, and illegible writing can, ‘waste 2 good deal of time. Peel sets to work to type out his manuscript. MORAL- Alns to gio the Printer instructions he can read easly.Time flies Peel goes to call on Mr Sidestick, and asks if he can have his circular printed in a fortnight. Sidestick ex- plains that he already has a regular commitment for that date, and asks if Peel would mind having the circular three dayslater. He also tells Peel when he may expect the proof JUNE 16) eee ere ar pata toler | aaa Sap tp ay ee ee, Semen heen se ne MORAL- ‘Take the job tothe printer as soon as you can. Expect to pay more ifthe printer must expedite delivery as you may hace to pay _for work done in overtime. CHRISTIANITY IN PRINT skills soon acquired. But without them both customerand printer will spend a great deal of their time together in ‘translation. That time would he better spent in direct iscussion of the job. From the murky February day when I first tele- phoned Mrs Warde to the summer evening when the ‘exhibition was complete, my belief was put to the test. ‘The thousand-odd speciment which were lent us have confirmed it. ‘The most surprising thing I discovered was that there ‘are many customers who are proud — nat to say campla- cent ~ with printing which is thoroughly second-rate. ‘They zegard the printer as an enemy in a strong position. Every job they have printed isa victory for the customer ‘against odds. The maze of machines, the strange rulers without inches, the queer little marks they make on proofs — this is a kingdom they have invaded. The in- habitants must be reduced, and made slaves. No one can blame a printer who reacts badly to being conquered and enslaved. But the vast majority of worl. sent to us for exhibition has heen produced by the eor- ial alliance of printer and customer. Some of the good work owes mnuch to interpreters [Neither clergy nor printers have time to throw away. If the customer thinks in words and the printer in type, they may ally themselves with aman who can express bbimself in both. Thus there has been a good deal of successful work which has beon handled by the Adver- tising Christian Group, or the Christian Publicity Organ- isation, Worthing. Both are voluntary associations of Christians who can advise Churches about the produc- tion of printed publicity. Many more examples have ‘been produced by individual experts who, being church members, have devoted their special knowledge to the service of the Christian community to which they belong. Some of the best work sent to Monotype House for this exhibition has been the result of direct control. Utimately the customer must be the judge of what he buys. The ideal combination has occurred when the customer sees the importance of buying good printing, and has taken pains to see that he can explain what he ‘wants in all necessary details. In such an alliance both customer and printer preserve their independence and ‘mutual respect. Thus each can contribute his particular vireues tothe finished job. ‘What, for the Church, is the importance of buying. good printing? The numerous arts discussed in the Monotype Recorder do not as a rule include Theology. But Theology gives a special force to the argument. “The first and great commandment is that the Church 19 10 ‘Two pages (actual size) from The Way to Buy Print, the Keepsske iseuedl to vistors attending the Exhibition‘THE MONOTYPE RECORDER should love God and pray to him. Printed prayers should ‘be the zenith of typography. There is no higher use for type than to print the words of the Holy Seriptures and the liturgy ef the Church at worship. The first reason why the ‘Chureh should produce good printing is that she must olfer God the best. “The second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. For a Christian the love of his neighbours will include some effort to intreduce them to the priceless secret, of the Christian faith. If Christians understand this duty, ‘they will sce most of their printing as an attempt to fulfil it. ‘The poster, the magazine, the invitation ~ all are samples of the work of a comnmunity which must speak of God. Is the Church as dead as some of her printing would suggest? Is the religion she offers a cramping strait-jacket? How does she react to the world today — or does she forget it ar she turns the pages of divines long dead? ‘These are questions which some non-Christians may be inclined to answer, not after reading much Church litera- ture, but simply upon first glance ar its outward form. The The club you have watched going up sight of perfumetory and shabby typography may suggest to them that thote charged with its dissemination can have little belief in its matter, if they are content to set it forth im such form, Christians who maintain that their News is Good must make it look the part. tia Te God for— MY GIFT THANKOFFERING DAY TUESDAY 16 ApRiL 1957 Be arte Tooting Jwetion Bapis: Care | Christians | and Industrial LifeCHRISTIANITY IN PRINT i1.aand b The Rey. E. A. Gabb, once a practising printer 14 Bembo lends its luminous charm to the parish maguzine redesigned the gift envelope for the Tooting Junction of St Mary Abhott's, Kensington. 18 The invitation card Baptist Chureh (a), The "before" isshown below (b. for the Print: « Voice of the Church Exhibition (here 19 The leaflet (size 73° » 5") enclosed with the Keepsake. reduced from 74” x 148") uses the display sizes of Walbaum 15 Gordon Stowell designed this effective cover, using Medium 375 and Walbanm 374. Tt unfolds into this small “Morourint 584, for the society Christian ‘Teamwork. broadsheet, 1th MY GITT I ehane God for ‘THANK-OFFERING DAY Tuesday, Mareh 270h Tooting Junction Boptst ‘Church a Voice eo | of the Church 2.2, nao ed os afr ely ‘Se Ti ap etn he Seem tee cee ao eer ae The Wore of Our Hands Sut ener nniae Sipe sie eee ree | i idem hiSal'vie | ware Sets efit cay Of eae ae ee eee ere Fiuniepeletgatafbectee se? send Sl a ho i fr eh ESE eee yatta 7 a pemntet raatetenscri {ys We ai el cre wake fa eth and He ave‘THE MONOTYPE RECORDER Boy the Tenor op ase man, we, by Dvn Pein isto eee et iE a tye 0 LO i nent We ne ie i tin, sly einer Hy Ono nr he Pein of We ia nit oe et (0 wn ira ad pr Wf we cams, ond cmp larg nd Eee te ly ig ow er nde he iy Otro ei he nse frm ital a a ye Ore of Sula nd ie wi i on ed he py ed Caney ria Weave i oe prec mo Donen nena seh Ot re by Le ch ne Bu Testimony ate 1 me nd vr Hana al Ks Bed ea nd gor toe, on te Yowrafae DY DIVINE PBnissi0N aisHoP OF BLY EDWARD iintcnmor cmimacseors onzerne NOW YB tyteTenartise rents = sot Macy Onrteam/aehdciné, ante serra eno sneer des snr oc et ih er Col Chacha Uae “avant ure oc (Gf whose viawous and pious ie snd conversion, and competent Kang aud knowledge fn the Holy Scriptures, We were wel assured) ino the Holy Onder of DEACONS, scodog tothe manar and form prescribed and wid by the Church of England; nl him the aid Aid ten and thse ighy an canonically odsin DEACON, behaving fst in our presence ‘mae an sabre eich Delton, and taken and sbecibed sch Oath sare by Law it such case requie, IN TESTIMONY whereof We fave caused our Focal Sea tobe hereunto ated the ey and year bore rite, 16 One of the most teresting “before and after” contrasts in the Print: « Voice of the Church exhibition: Anove: A general printed form in workaday legelistic style, presamably for the use of any Bishop fin any diocese, was in this instance replaced by —prLow: an authoritative statement by the Bishop. concerned, set in a style worthy of its great ifieance to the recipient, The words EDWARD, DEACON and IN TESTIMONY fre in red, Original size 81" x 103", Designed by 8. M. end printed by the Cambridge University Press, ‘Monotype’ Plantin with Perpetua Tiding.IES HER Zen BELL TEh ERIN Wl pron eenlerrnadira begreflich wet kbive ‘Monotype’ Walbaum in action: Top lft and below right: pages from one of the most effective type proses ever produce by a printing house (Stimplli & Cic., Berne). The original ‘measures 112” x. 81" and blazes with colour. Helow: the catalogue of the Austrian “50 Books” selection, 1958 (Briider Rosenbsuin, Vienna), together with three jabs from The Curwen Press (Top right aind centr ‘sii ateriays‘Monotype’ W: the admired edition of James Joyce's hook from res).The Monotype Corporation Limited Registered Office Monotype House, 45 Fettar Lane, London E.G. Flos Sireet 8354 Head Office and Works Salforis, Reahi, Surrey, Frgland. Redhill 4641 BRANCHES Birmingham Legal & General Buildings, 8 Waterloo Strest. Midland 1968 Bristol West India Hooso, 5$ Beldwin Strost. Brital 24452 Dublin 39 Lower Ormond Quay. Dublin 74667 Edinburgh 45 Hanover Street, Edinburgh 32660 Harrogate 12-14 West Park, The Stays. Harrogate 6459-60 OVERSEAS ADDRESSES Australia ‘The Monotype Corporation of Australia Pty. Limited, 519 Castlezeagh Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 567 Little Bourke Street, Melbourne, Vietoria Burma 5, Oppenheimer & Co, Limited, 550-2 Merchant Street, Rangoon Ceylon The Monotype Corporation Limited, $5 Flower Read, Colombo 7 Egypt The Joveph Lindell Company, 25 Sh. Abdel Khalek Sarwat, Cero; 4 Rue Coluedi, Aexandris Far East Tho Monotype Coxporation (Far East) Linted, 307-9 Merina House, Queen's Road Central, Heng Kong; Lendrum (Pacife) Limited, Yoson Building, 20, 2-chome, Marsnosehi, Chiyoda i, Tokyey Lendrum (Eastern) Limited, Crosby House, Robingon Road, Singepore; Wiggins Teape (Malaya) Limited, 75 Ampang Rosd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya ‘The Monotype Corporation Limited, § Mission Row Extension, Caleutts 1} India Howse, Opp. G.P.0., Bombay 1; 18 Second Line Beach, Mares 1; Volra onss,25 Asef AK Road, New Delhi 1; Medina House, 22 Residency Road, Bangalore: 23 Famonstone Rord, Allahabad Indonosia_N.V. Machinchandel Maher, Djalan Nusantara ‘Tiga 5, Djakarta Terael Palewoo Limited, 20 Hasnashbix Street, Tel Avi Lebanon and Syria R. Kachan (Repretntatve), BP. 1118, Beyrouth, Lebsnon ‘New Zealand Morzison & Morrison Limited, 208-10 Madras Street, Christchurch Pakistan The Monotype Corporation Limited, 13 Muméne Street, Of Duzand Reed, Lahote; Haji Building, Thadomal Khushal Das Road, OM McLeod Road, Karachi 1; 8 Purana Paltan, Dacca South Africa Monotype Machinery (G.A.) Limited, Monotype House, 48 Siemert Road, New Doornfontein, Johannesburg 84-6 Buitengracht Street, Cape Town Thailand Thai Watana Panich, 599 Mitrichie Read, Bangheok West Attica ‘The Monotype Corparation Linnited, Monotype House, 60 Campbell Street, Lagor, Nigeria CONTINENTAL ADDRESSES Austria L.A, Rode, Zentagsese 22, Vienna 5 Belgium and Luxembourg The Monotype Marke:ing Co. Ltd., 29 Rue duu Commerce, Brussels 1¥ Denmark Hugo V. Laren, Vester Valdgace 115, Copenhagen V Finland Kirjatcollisuosascimisto Osaleyhd, Kelevenkatu 14, Helsinki Branco Société Anonyme Monotype, 85 Avenue Denfort Rechoreat, Pari {40 Germany Setumaschinen-Febrik Monotype G.m..H., Amsburgersrsete 68-70, Frankfurt am Main Lahnsirasse 10, Berlin-Neukélin Grocce Hletvotype Trading & Technical Co, Ltd; Kanigos Street 6, Athens Holland ‘The Monotype Corporation Limited, Keizeegrasht 142, Amatardem C Snsbjlen Tonsion, 7 Holtsgata, Reykjavik Agensia Generale Italiana Macchine Monotype, Corso Mattoots 19, Turin; Via Labicane 92, Rome Olaf Gulewsen 4.S., Grensen 5-7, Oslo Monotype Portuguers Ila, Rua dor Lasiadse 8, Lishon 5 F. Losane Navan, Paseo Doctor Baquerdo, 16, Madvid A.B. Maskinfrman Monotype, Linnégatan 8, Stockholm, 0 Switzerland The Monotype Corporation Limited, Aarhergergssse 56, Berne ‘Turkey orkhard Gantenein é Co, Jen Han No, 2; 25-8, (PK 1176) Galata-Istanbal‘Monotype’ 7 WALBAUM Series 3/4 HERE WE SHOW THE NEW 42 DIDOT Walbaum Medium Series Number 375 PRINTED IN ENGLAND