The pascal (Pa) or kilopascal (kPa) as a unit of pressure measurement is widely used

throughout the world and has largely replaced the pounds per square inch (psi) unit, except in
some countries that still use the imperial measurement system or the US customary system,
including the United States.
Geophysicists use the gigapascal (GPa) in measuring or calculating tectonic stresses and
pressures within the Earth.
Medical elastography measures tissue stiffness non-invasively with ultrasound or magnetic
resonance imaging, and often displays the Young's modulus or shear modulus of tissue in
kilopascals.
In materials science and engineering, the pascal measures the stiffness, tensile
strength and compressive strength of materials. In engineering use, because the pascal
represents a very small quantity, the megapascal (MPa) is the preferred unit for these uses.

Approximate Young's modulus for common substances [13]

Material Young's modulus

nylon 6 2–4 GPa

hemp fibre 35 GPa

aluminium 69 GPa

tooth enamel 83 GPa

copper 117 GPa

structural steel 200 GPa

diamond 1220 GPa

The pascal is also equivalent to the SI unit of energy density, the joule per cubic metre. This
applies not only to the thermodynamics of pressurised gases, but also to the energy density
of electric, magnetic, and gravitational fields.
In measurements of sound pressure or loudness of sound, one pascal is equal to 94
decibels sound pressure level (SPL). The quietest sound a human can hear, known as
the threshold of hearing, is 0 dB SPL, or 20 µPa.
The airtightness of buildings is measured at 50 Pa.[14]
Hectopascal and millibar units[edit]
Main article: Bar (unit)
The units of atmospheric pressure commonly used in meteorology were formerly the bar,
which was close to the average air pressure on Earth, and the millibar. Since the introduction
of SI units, meteorologists generally measure pressures in hectopascals (hPa) unit, equal to
100 pascals or 1 millibar.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Exceptions include Canada, which
uses kilopascals (kPa). In many other fields of science, prefixes that are a power of 1000 are
preferred, which excludes the hectopascal from use.[22][23]
Many countries also use millibars. In practically all other fields, the kilopascal (1000 pascals)
is used instead.[24]
See also[edit]
Atmospheric pressure which gives the usage of the hbar and the mbar
Centimetre of water
Meteorology
Metric prefix
Orders of magnitude (pressure)
Pascal's law
Pressure measurement
References[edit]
^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units
(SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), p. 118, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 14
August 2017
^ "Definition of the standard atmosphere". BIPM. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
^ "US government atmospheric pressure map".
^ "The Weather Channel".
^ Canada, Environment (16 April 2013). "Canadian Weather - Environment
Canada". weather.gc.ca.
^ bipm.fr Archived 30 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ Minutes of the 14. General Conference on Weights and Measures, 1971, page 78
^ Table 3 (Section 2.2.2) Archived 18 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine, SI
Brochure, International Bureau of Weights and Measures
^ "Resolution 4 of the 10th meeting of the CGPM". Conférence Générale des Poids et
Mesures. 1954. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
^ IUPAC.org, Gold Book, Standard Pressure
^ "CJK Compatibility" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^ The Unicode Standard, Version 8.0.0. Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium.
2015. ISBN 978-1-936213-10-8. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^ "Tensile Modulus - Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - for some common
Materials". Retrieved 16 February 2015.
 ^ "Chapter 7 ResNet Standards: ResNet National Standard for Home Energy Audits"(PDF).
ResNet. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
^ "KNMI - Weer - Waarnemingen". Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ "Comment convertir la pression? - IRM". Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ "DWD". Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 20 December2006.
^ "Japan Meteorological Agency - Weather Maps". Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ "MDD". Archived from the original on 6 May 2006.
^ NOAA
^ United Kingdom, Met Office. "Key to symbols and terms". Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ "CTV News, weather; current conditions in Montreal". Archived from the original on 4
June 2011.
^ Canada, Environment. "Montréal, QC - 7 Day Forecast - Environment Canada".
Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^ Ambler Thompson (Editor) Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
(rev. ): The ..., p. 66, at Google Books
External links[edit]

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Categories: 
SI derived units
Units of pressure
Blaise Pascal
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