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from- House (ect) “Fromahene! Caltore + Gregerce. Moret, Mees, Mackin! (2013) Rastlacge . 1 CONSUMERS, MARKETS AND MARKETPLACES Helen Powell Knowing the consumer Introduction ‘To omega commer innntlyJnede On the lad ibe {inca chon no mie sn he met ce poate ues ihr [ndiduine sehen conser who teal she ato f ck onpowsonet Jelien QUE 3) sees how tcl ching nos inti x are ene tes clang th dcno-ouling proce 2 = ‘unig te cae int 2 maker eee, woking fre io he aie of mote wiper mikeiace wih bane hn dwg poe ita on 6 povde hence with x mer cctv elgr bad on cossones omen abd ning? In ths cote he Gr sl ie i of ole oni act apse aucome of cane sla at the ao of arty ele snd ceive gece now allow te meta oe bape Tr the bene ofa en fc he sstncemen os mai? Convergence inthe context ofa neoliberal agenda ‘Under the sion mating pai, the pode an he omar wee Yesioned a complementary emacs bot gene bun ough he Imereten o be promotor indatier Conmunceon Bowed sags shove eo eda os conn whe would be foe to wt wo ea thi, we cv be ptchaed and why nth jaye we cena I ofthe Iter, oubout thet ewer ef swt eau we ‘ese 4 gnc tm any fm te Gancomaty 9 meal erode ‘owt the yrbots ae, eugled by th promeson im ewe athe a en abcnr wy In ibe Gwen ey tae peso nee 2 sey ave at mach preonon sae te econ of ie ensues desing tet ho maps in er ol te ale stole mide aa o then tosh ting al versio. a ht eng ctr gn ve to ete the we in encnge eof every Frolic, conjeng oP degen of peaoeenon ant dietaon wi oe ‘sete of ts mie, DereepingRayond Warr (980) amet seingfnetons wang sc’ (900 hgh che moe age hat ennots 4 wine og of slsins) quiere he prod an senlngy tengo de commis (eg, Hanne b> pw cael Hae), Medliee (BIL: 152) gs dt he diy ofthe aug ssem fo cota commeday gi lsd ws copes fet spteetn sned by aig, Toe ‘ig! (Medler 2011 15) of commend mse eo wee eon 0% Covel with he degree of ity ma see Bewea he comwnes andthe Bae ene, ok the Inne a ene Poeson ow why, win nd whee we come hve l spain bees Spe by 1 nergy neers ht beg oe see dc ie wench ‘entry ab seeped tag she ely dreads af Cah loi Comat on te bi ode eepin ofthe andthe adap af the eve poles of economt Misa Fed ass an br co pc ‘Yes albums tion ok shape ot bck of The Reng sine fe 190; nore e+ ew pg i te weeny ‘spain. Flowing th Hoson of ply ned ene a Bet “elsom ao Bath Gi eras ware ae art at "he Belt the tonunody ace the bx way Gg ete od es cd many pot an ee at be aril or ig, nd = _ay Sc td no ay cts spe Liner et 205 19) anon, sd ional. eo, nelbeaim blo te motto edi with ose Eng ha dy shopping ms claret the Inout ose tol, a mor een he lnodesin mp at slow 2077 doping to become ray fe fe vey af ae goo re pet, smevine rbot nd wi clare of ens, ‘in, Tansctors nein take pie bed on ser enous a ne en seed ~ ot jam om oral ae ba am lie ro tn _prso-peer ein. Twin hy toc! snd toner fate conconfonly ‘come hig ata the opin fees To tt, an ‘be sented ae uta renin ag tpn nt een, "Ske le er og we very uly ect wa th sw Sey Orel and Wala, alate ony ener met wih Stony cman ore bc at ect us ben made pi. Aadeen’ Wee's (1991) Pano Cae raph t explore thugh + otmodem le he spc aloe by he promote ins - ney ‘nding all of clare forthe ows pod developing ees earns cos ther ange of comnariasone “Av ata pomoton bean sore ‘agora: flowing tbe ta togn ive athe province meats ugh hich eames pit he alse f god, with com no Togeteng + nay eon w cose oe x chan thegh whch expe ge a begin As osu ook wo comtut the does rough hte ese uo Wen (99-18) dawn oe stent to 9 new Phar f ope stirs »‘oncemiantpromoorl tm 'Bom the cae we wen tthe Poles we voi ra econ tine, wheter in fe maa ef ed ‘spss, evething mir hick hese Ss ging moda? Yeu te wap which de cone af pomesen permet the ices of et ly in tt cates Were (191 192, veh oped cae oc omodon: om ding and cote shopping fo stenting nb nen ie ‘uly crenoneinvelved in lpoedonan which oeap wh paces the oicophte of everday HE. Ente comma ta Roce bebe ects 6 the connrion apd azanane of ley Ee ad Bas 265: 15) Ths ener ad et pecs Youth when bay care of call ming, we wale! eo tonge Senahipy ad te dence no tiny wi ed ditencs om oe seal poopingy ds es 'ieypeo tds oo he compe ety of young oie ae sk he oe ay aun. Brads ae eng ees tomes yon’ (Wa et Bagh and Bes 201 23, 2 eae yen prog, obs move in ado of vgs ekg to aes wage of wolecence wd wed a one mows em» pation of "abo an oho Twat be at moan es norte oon casa sioey, “ie sl mtecres, anposing ee a of ey a coe Inve (Eos an Devi 208: 67-168 Ine, Genera fee 3) tte eae and eck ran fv ws hy pee foe cane we (Van den Beh and tere 201: 39). Ctl bande sch a Coch.al ppd ths contest an bya prope to py mre tem ‘eae ny ve re to be eto me (Vanden Btgh sd Bees 201: 35) gies bd tat 3 ed etl mec eee plo he iny 16 fo yen le ‘erlang ean Lys ho tt page with young ten oom ‘emmy aoaing peso fete Hand tat get an ely wih In ths way. 17 eben the jer of deny esata, whch ncesung tang pice ole wii he youth paket "Though peomoon, Saebogepy of he al (ids 991) shat cnn wok tah vi Se holes thy make, evens they mate» mate nia en lb ‘on ots mamnine Dot choke oe wehoe Se deon, poe ei fy arund the deeson-ning proses (Sanwa 204, Et 20, With the ‘nd cuit aa tbe ann of eames epg is het. overs te ato of comumpin esa Wed 0 Mey ems ‘oo ad mann el oly an ner pa af te eal deca lengedby Testun 09: 210, who ager at yeole athens o igs sn ol thu the posowa ge of lene snd son om gow. He deme fMenson 1 th eth cont, renga the delet te ‘wach eapendeted beth ses tom eer ce ts owas song Avro be gee hold abode at + conning Mamie @ fe more deeply enueached hn on “hoa, ade eae thn a fen pore adeno i a seam cgue of couse To weet pay etal apetie o ‘pombe fr the ean of re dies ~be toy coroner ‘ene ling 09 cnn be psc conmames a ithe ta ‘eesion at hve ed pope to, wat fed sae in hg it {be pat Our mean hs ben emi es ong ie (Tema 2008 251) The new consumer Whe the “muni ise my hve ken my gute ver ine ia rekon to he smteasan opty nw con’ pes no tas nd whi ees rere acme, 1 woul nwt ie lect of conser aac a ese ine The Chin Meo (Ln 21 2000 os pala, es wring the tine opt cere it "pric ajestaon, wah the Ge wave of wrker ander sinon ete "cognac omnes idanay wa eng ped by te late, Sowing or mote lft ches win the mukepce to te male Ae 4 Cnsare, M Magcs 27 ating a donde ogo, Fak Stew, than dtr ofthe Cent fr Fete Sts, ested a wow type of commer hat ttt oie made up 35 peek of thea popanson ofthe UR Show 29089, Thay compte ene ‘gies elucosl gulesions who ies it should with eeoaey lose: who la ace o new technologie (Shaw 2072: 5} snd 2 toc ‘ert 2 new egy i epee of cnmunee gece bse ot ‘ow ny tiie th informa mae abe, pedaraiany eine tf {bt pursing deitooe. They bad become nse, aS ah ace ‘number wa pomalgaed by se a re young pene gig te sd ing the tdoaion wo ke commer cy, He beget up fa slr ett ft ‘nw commer x wos tat ae commen se gut bee ted di gms ‘The ew comme? 1 Pes cole they wil examine wie age of dois when making pu chung devin, 2 Denatd eer infrmsten sed conimunetone simestveé comune Joa t deed es ht rove he maton ta tyne, ay ot gantry fein npr: te Seta fad: So ot nyt cy oot ea,» ban ame 5 enough 0 warant peta: Bad ae coer ied et 0 cee, IWoeter oh ata! ~ fe rm, + peaacies ow bond = tes 44 Wing to eapeenet atch bat sine poo, ate comme wl tat prodac tt they fel lave he poet alow them Sear sone there Vale coon thy ae ako grep pay fr mv at gv them sso iw ie (6 Expect peor tee ni comumes vedi ie an ea ote {ft up mit oor ee, 7 Skil neg tthe rw creer: the aw conus wl cles ae tonal mating ling ove tenet Sade, Une eel i oe ‘becomes inengy cllengag to mex inal cater epee tec aed (stn 202: 7 ‘Tesi om pang on he a of ad to a of wats pcp te mek nen caren of thse cose acting, meal goes che frye inthe mal o buy tem bone on the maya are tine and» pile mode, need above, of leat, The cea vent ht comes wit at the aipain and enon ft expe Yt a inet Inked wo eostumption ot be vents te mppeinment when expecaone rent me and wien the peeled gee Much of hie inpoianent ete mn the we of the New Bona, fore Ol Canna wee ‘ben by wei of ence nd aay ‘hove condoning the New Contome te shag fe, ate sd at (Cows al Boge 2001 i coneat with “OM Comune ido by then se pln a amc appimnes, New Cor ‘ht not ony whey by bot Bow and wee ta passe ‘mad within mee tt ening gee (ew Begs [HOI 2 fs ea nea how th wont st md hey sao a= ‘al inasaeve md doce pode a sense eaten 0 Bes {ne way authe (Lewi ah Bigs 201: 8) Th panther of the “eg tl acme cepe ain deca, ad the we ej ah 2 pt effec; ut th scone for ing ioe nos ra) 206 sd 2008, YnoisGabel sod Tim Lang ture to the conser ‘plas ht the hd egal mngped oat in 19S. Dating the inten peo they reepued tht an wuay ippanble to pnenae abot the {cms sing the conumer owe "engeie’ bth corp aed ‘ty’ scene ane cn pn t dv ta ane ee conegslaon he sprue of 3 cen, pa an ena see serps eon sod mage he “ener lead tothe commer mating orm a anpenoitnn 9 nether (Goes Lang 2008: 335) he pou sehen comico nd ecapnie, ‘hy we comune gly cone the lan of tor nde ees eed ‘Setewhr doen The plc oman tty geet to a However, wat cn be sensi wan emerging thane eee ta of eosumpion = wor, a dam aero eo by Ne (19964) with peti ‘erence, he cete,t conse eke nly depen oe ‘rsp sd cosine expense scien tt ere oe Ended 3 Potion’ Hare Nava wor Kent map ou ule communion abou tat ‘egoed parceled an lw eve etl ing ot which Sov, Fou ame, cn be pdt bot ender loving te eduction of (flee, Wi the pose wo ee tag ade it seer ey of ‘pein Gabel and Lng 2008-28) coment, compton ow inele| ‘et of Helen sche Brough hghaees, stoping ie or Eee re ee space cepaton sed Posing cc sod Ye atl apg tt rag ae of amc Scone aa ene oes ited entnoors uplaing an vigec’ Tis non af he conto + compen Teng ens Snes we bps gent the exeson af ie a of Som sine to clede “eal des a pbs sa” Ket al 1996 3 [UnrSepotenl agen omen finite ever ines gs of eis, even tne ply ind and en, pil ptt and PV newest ‘ea mcs oe thi neat poston, “Te bing the cance ploy vp en 2009 Catach concaed wi (abl ang ht he tw con ted by a emg co he ate die wm exeote Hees Woedade ferme Bae RSCG GOI) ‘ought aap ont hex motion so ete at coe ely none ‘yr reaence to and gudince om pees, coupled with » aint dae of seth, pedoninany online Howeve,vonaty lh wouol ang st “scion emia igh ome 50 ft wo sone a gene emp ith + few yeas ago) ars Woedwide, 2010), Added wo th ene of hoped Innit wound the decon-uking poe some» new chaege~ mel reoniguedrsirip cose th wily ifs beau pcs [Bh Powe 2008, 201) Lhave bu ton the wae ed ety which we mak "eeepc ch recite eey eB stapes ck mao. ine-depeig ol sacking la execs ti et ‘mich hat weet ne odo wh ea to, tee pata {© dove eh musta be pias low ve a > ‘eed he mum, ‘One a the mon ae way in wish enw roti one ace ‘te promaon! inde cance the snare of weg pos tne os by a a anyone moment te ae odes mpage 23 eunber of ie, ncactg wae ofan a hey egy yt de ere ther ese. Ti hen oan to ncoaing al ene be teed and com sipors + move eo mtepted mathe cman Se ‘sed er inthe metonndatsonnt,eleviion aren, r eel, fincas fo sad the band the eontamars ming whle other Dao coh pina ae the soe! go despen dat eps psa the Iessve cacy online promos wher rer tentea ened et ‘hemos our of wt he ba ane The eof ine nhetang hs ales ‘cheung, ewig cle of lym espe in owt on Aeonad. As + rou, commen net only Ive gate dice wo wt thy ‘rth bt haw sd when ny wa ‘They can din a yahenc venue mya mel, heya on ‘ine flow decom Oy eso rewind, pa a ove step lenis wing ts [oy meso Bat frvetng, spi) One wy ot froth, eda tine beng poets He decsoencion of tp epemany. oe 200279) In a NpAy epsging ay in te aveing ade joumst Campa, Suh Moning of th agency Replc exines te np of nse ne ‘eoted cular op the pomotoclisem The cosets of re act fr inmate geen se tg, have ia genes ow bn sti, specay in sons comments doa a catane ee pe lca beee he bung of me cnly ged + ange speseh ined (Moming 2010: 1) the may, Moning sone of fe. aos the mrerrehonhp of Sods wit sca networking ses Ip the ‘ype wo obviate ot exon wa dug bad mes eel tle wa the soon of aera hee avi sa oid wh 2 whol sso pesoml sol ieee te conc Te spon ae [ond fe the ba anal cppstases farang. we ry BOT 159) tems tenon da, da cleced a y-podito omg ng le’ and aloe fr nae act way af ann bo eftene dea fn iment (RON, ‘The rol of reecrch ‘The i that wo be aces in sean eben employes of po- soto nts mw ee con dw shy wa at he oes {flr cn be eed nk cote Aner af te HE sd 8h wh es ‘es wee poitooed pai fconounen? sel ingle es the tam edly exesion (Even 20: 203) Hower, wo ‘terpung scorer dem in th pst We ung oe economies fon bth e€ hese de adverting seal jew aig pome Sonat indy. “Coninng the socal apd ttaaapal developmen the ‘wets wath he componet of eenare Bon that cancel i the ster ea i on wach man cnaumption ered fo eng ame tos Gillon spe of and whee “V Bec 4 eile rs semeamesit ei Ewen 201 205 OF cl ingore bot the ett of ‘Sew makes a too te promotan war ine Der ics speed Teal pyc inte developmen of "Spy se ic ive onto “reding” te comer yond the me ssetce fh ft ‘pee to gueton poe ep nme toner. Tough the ate [non of sich mods Dicker beams sare ta cme Shiva wi fen smatond a padi were cone in a ten to ll pole ess and wie The fndngs weve of est ter figures be US romonl indy te iene a sp lth nr gun te exeraive spencer othe ean ti eooumten proces an fe ‘Snusncaton betwen roduc a4 etme Gcwekop 207 2, Bp frobinghe uneoncows nsec o uo pople's deer nd pox ‘eatonsup to he mater wet andaconee natant arate, sen ot "higher sem re Weed od inset ‘poi. The le Ue consasies be hence ok sly se eet with tes ted profacs and poduet coi ater nomad he fa op sul wid edn vein nny. lonely, Dies ery = Uae ng ie of ay conemponty senegal sot be wa the sonar ‘Shand underand why they might wk to pce snd the bene hey ‘el thy wage tough pur, tafe gly tng mare “Whe th tm fend exc te ft of bn tel wot lcs doped by agence ina ep t prteinne nein in oe oa est ws perp, ail, the ite Vance Paar wh did et {chang tie ate of sdvering pice. In i Dok Th Hn Pesan (Paks 196, sno aang pr tha Parad soi 0 caleba thera wa nama th ange othe limi ca enpleye ay fm bing intend dane = mee ose ee = nce fatens of our ceeyany Bes! (Dc 1962: 10. Be Seren (981 8) ae ‘ommend Pui! fs 2p seal compat with aerang or cps oe eousion ~ on with peut tt eke upon Ba iene ee epee fe Paces te he tuna da cht Pes ik ke om bse my sme of eanauer “aod” tnt the ake Ie sctty opening to stat Dicer was bepining co dau Ie tevsing Ut Ray Saber, ie ima’ ef Opty Group UR and fonuer pent of the faite of Preiss in Adsersing (PA), segs tt the spe of Ptr hs been t= ing, spect in tems of how te ince meus eceaes He bee the the advering indy tar sped to tly sndenend ew sherg ‘ange commer Ebi a th he own to th ow co by Pk his entay ap. Aree by Books ch mH Pose, pope wth 3 Roser Reeve wets al facut fers ing sn udcand {nducoe te ty nad on ma na ype mas oho i we (Gd in Fons 2007, ‘Many suseqet amp bave been ude 1 ‘now the eoasner sate ‘cern, en, igsianty, ck penning led the taderson of he ‘leo nivetbing ple potion, in een, evi of he conn ‘he gecy. While Seny Rote Boe Mis Palit atonal reed tt ound ef th dtpng mach cet abo abuse wo Sepben Keng of LWT and Toy Send so of JT wo ened the em ac a 1958 (Tse “MOP: 88) By een, wh eesce to naplanng recent aly of ‘5740 Inuenet asa ted 15 t 6, sdveng agenty Univeral Mn (II: 5) summa fcng aco 5 coun, ing tat dpe dctodng of anes seed tod cao te hey to ulockng» ro senandng of sca med sod nF ct kell ange a groin pracy eure they mur uemtand the compen at fo ‘le bend hcp, fn rey queen of ening the et hes wo tuget =the ce et ming ppc ~ bet nly Eno "hat outs the to bes yt a (Uae! Meese 201: 15 ‘To eum Sothern, thik neo now 0d owt Rone my ‘ten ifm pemoso seep tt Id Sued 0 become uc + pte conn spied to mang tng. "Ua he ei 170th wad eonony” way mye a plsa w Bat Ada oh ive the em is modem meaning wien be died oor the ay of uke, ps wit we vw stoned wth wemee of cs une sexi adeno 201018). Beso eon i oe et pei within economic at when pled to mketag i ecm «il ‘sal bot west wed ince comet aur tough gape ‘he ways in whch people ake dco ras me waag Pte ep of ele cic” (Tle abd Swotin 2009) wh cee oe ‘eenet of coke i any gen sion or cnt. Ae sek he“ eet he repens for omni te emetic ene mele ein Taka Sune 2003} for how hes ae Sneed on Ineo hi et ore dered hie a pone ew nang che {ough mor cts prac how info peo th ene | tas my, ange sal dota be nah taco eon slowing ‘opts rameing dea) lenge bear seo Sic appv wel wa the dean of eng wi dete, fer Dicer an sonnet cos eo road som a a Sgomantw aay how try scaly eve in ty puting es. Al og ofc cosmesaywi he same bad ee ly bec is pected 4s oe hau uo bi ae Ep makes ale. Shera 01) ae ompaed he pte oe aiason of hound como ade Ig pow. He estpons i apach Yo “880% packaged goods pena techie, wich at dr pont in tne scouted fo esi of gee ‘nce sem. Toi, wot of seri Duges cane fmm ave he ‘un of psig good, nd cette advean now malig mar peer ‘eto at whith boudand see ovis goth, cep? he tole of emo nana here, Stheland sg ia tt ay dea ke the dene 6 te role chen In cenc, eon, Pena tegen be wed o dcontt the prone soocaed ly dc hn ‘en of a ht deemed ye conte to becore ne manage and los deoing, Thats toy, poms cn be load tat ong * pear econ mag pth Sia 201018), Communic tae wat Salen egies chs eppomuny foe engagenot snd econ, ete! ‘mei sew tedlopes provide the msc poms tal tio acre, ‘Oe Resta overly id he pnp of mae i mating wives of Loess. Sines Walanan 01 te appre deter ‘spre how thwph eng on the eben fan eee ees hose, cana! hb nl be eed ay bom lee ley he ‘TV scl ts contin thrown ewig stn The eed doy Walaa, gue ou ‘nag the tn os dey bik eng eres a ehage tr eh ml anand end aed lon (eee ich ab Neth, eid cange a ioe orm, Maes Mae 8 Jame dene tough rommeun. 1 you Snow wat pope ke you ed wo ks, os mighe wed be comfratle ening pode you iat Lave, Uw peopl ie you tendo Hk the Tie ad Sut 205-105). From consumer to presumer “Te coc of the ome” wat Loughe wo pb tenon by Alvin Ter (456 The Thi Wave aged that ers of roa contune rein, -emdulistion wor nce by Be Egate of tonne Wit nthe ‘oct a agsclual economy, gy conned wh he pagal Ina {ation it tie fnciom, with the fomar "rome ow Becnng “woke ad wt th ean Bom wage sou conan th equ mae eter the mnterplace. The te f te tok, heer, hel ti ns, ‘tum of he promis, ut in = new pie, whey bua wot i det slimct 0 he comer bie eligi wanip to Rion mare ‘fest, lowing commer aces to be toe okey tat cose ‘emi grees piso be eae pte, Toler aks the conap ‘he moet proses buck to he 180 wh te sal fe ve dog oad ‘wh hen ended with ch pon olsen pt tone nd peat sheckows, Wile thet exp peel 1 the cones wen it nnn the neon, Re nd Jenson (201019) ge sa x wh he ‘bandon of Web 20 he the conan ‘anne wal comes of Soni he aes he splsono sonnel cnmapin” hd, ‘sl "he ont pelt orn 9 rnp sa mom anpratB ‘es er nd jergeson 2010: 20 Procnpon espe eed it ‘he Use for expe, in Anco Kets Th Caf te Anse POT ‘wher be ie of we ic wing ne i apa eboae esm srs of dts One eal f ones in seen est the pst fw vei: commer puby ped on by nen gh peeing socal networks (My 2010: 56) Inthe sone, fsa y tease mel ones bese bth c-pois ii eo pomoten, Whe 2» ea baying nay rue, ane iene mein cont become bly ‘eden om eve cone the pin Sp creat sist oa oily ofecein by gal men se sd pone Aes Flas we able to at israeli eon othe Caters ban Gea por se slic Inch on TV. ty fos, Byeteey, demon aes nnoson of pronmisn at vewes began = fect ost ow eso on A et, we oy Ings to won» apne ince Jou of ‘avengers of skig ot wt avesing dopa, bt es, wat 1 pope dig wih avez, peal in content oe Yooh sasonen 1 imporant fo rogue hat avy can conte etd oth pec ‘emo loc a psn cs scene amet eting Secil mainte, a gat peel change he og a sige tare he eet eee ga an non hana fr ermine a with abl wea a a nce over teivou 2 nar of way ing arene oa «pnd ot fe the gf iconton opie andrew ou wht by fay odo ctegory se aly peptone, The was’ i ie 5 fomaaon sides the bearing Jone 2012 when penal aac out met one} ner Man Lewd Bn wate for £8 lon, Eee 200, the ste, whch fee sad we wpe ofl, hs ound 8 mon stab 0 wey ena. Acting a Goope Amis nated sod 39 aon ong vats wl 27m page pecs ‘ate year ning 31 Ober 201. heponed venue of £15 forte etn (Osoure ad ney 2019, However tent onde ata ch feo ep rand on no te, so mea map ‘ie mpct Comemersncontmet cnvensson five inthe mate (gol end Fal 200585) Aa Pa wl te thet ae po Coo ‘enions and whi cansimes ae elking 9 eh othe, compan so hae ‘nor vc mins onde a eran nwt bang ni lowing {inch more pi rpeme tan any aveing campaign em gee, and Suuages a ing + vray of rapucs to pe tht ale aaron the benefit ror and Canker empl have ste st fe Dew mins 2 mest of onlin he convention ad oes ud png le eae tne leva the vale oe bd on peep ot ‘eceaaly ove potion! coest Cops wth ttn enepg so ‘rat etd a conn el ha oy ae tig thing tk tha Be howler, pinon de, execs eknaged and rearane- dusons made one. oes, Cabal ed Lang GONE: 327) wn tee nowt fd in een, io the Hae ofthe bod ad aw fo ampere atanage to be wre The concept of poses, nay ‘hes fe the pomatonl nds by halen nae in mde. 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