criminology board exam reviewer

 Home
 Criminalistics
 L.E.A.
 Law
 Crime Detection
 Criminal Sociology
 Correction
 Blog
 Contact Us

Criminal Justice System

1

 Personalized Gifts
 Public arrest records
 Medical Insurance
Criminal Justice System - is the system of practices Justice - the quality of being just, fair and reasonable.
and institutions of governments directed at upholding
social control, deterring and mitigating crime or Rule of law - is a legal maxim whereby governmental
sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal decisions be made by applying known legal principles.
penalties and rehabilitation efforts.
Judge - a public officer who presides over court
Goals of Criminal Justice proceedings and hear and decide cases in a court of law
1. to protect individuals and society either alone or as part of a panel of judges.
2. to reduce crime by bringing offenders to
Prosecutor - the person responsible for presenting the
justice
case  in a criminal trial against an individual accused of
3. to increase the security of the people breaking the law.

Criminal Justice System consists of three main Law - is a system of rules of conduct established by the
parts sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs,
1. legislative - create laws maintain the stability of political and social authority
2. courts - adjudication and deliver justice.
3. corrections - jail, prison, probation, parole
Plaintiff - the person who brings a case against
Participants of Criminal Justice System another in court of law.
1. police - first contact of offender since they
Respondent - the defendant in a lawsuit.
investigate wrongdoing and makes arrest.
2. prosecution - proves the guilt or innocence of Appellee - the respondent in a case appealed to a
wrongdoers. higher court.
3. court - venue where disputes are settled and
justice is administered. Appellant - the party who appeals the decision of the
4. correction - after accused is found guilty, he is lower court. A person who applies to a higher court for
put to jail or prison to be reformed. a reversal of the decision of a lower court.
5. community - where the convict after service of
sentence comes back to be integrated to be a Stare Decisis - the legal principle of determining
points in litigation according to precedent. Latin for "to
productive member of society.
stand by that which is decided", general practice of
adhering to previous decisions when it makes new one.
Community Policing - the system of allocating
officers to particular areas so that they become familiar
with the local inhabitants.
Early History of Punishment
1. Early Greece and Rome
     a. most common state administered punishment
         was banishment and exile.
     b. economic punishment such as fins for such crime
         as assault on slave, arson, or house breaking.
2. Middle 5th to 15th century
     a. blood feuds were the norm.
     b. law and government not responsible for conflict.
3. Post 11th century feudal periods
     a. fine system, punishment often consisted of
         payment to feudal lord.
     b. goals, public order and pacifying the injured.
     c. corporal punishment for poor who can not pay.
4. 1500's
     a. urbanization and industrialization, use of torture
         and mutilation showed and punishment began to
         be more monetary based.
     b. use of gallery slaves - ship-rowers.
     c. shipped inmates to american colonies
5. 1700's - early 1800's
     a. increase in prison population
     b. gap between rich and poor widens
     c. physicality of punishment increases
Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence - the state tries to convince
    potential criminals that the punishment they face is
    certain, swift, and severe so that they will be afraid
    to commit an offense.
2. Specific Deterrence - convincing offenders that the
    pains of punishment is greater than the benefits of
    crime so they will not repeat their criminal offending
3. Incapacitation - if dangerous criminals are kept
    behind bars, they will not be able to repeat their
    illegal activities.
4. Retribution/Just Desert - punishment should be no
    more or less than the offenders actions deserve, it
    must be based on how blameworthy the person is.
5. Equity/Restitution - convicted criminals must pay
    back their victims for their loss, the justice system
    for the costs of processing their case and society
    for any disruption they may have caused.
6. Rehabilitation - if the proper treatment is applied,
    an offender will present no further threat to society
7. Diversion - criminals are diverted into a community
    correctional program for treatment to avoid stigma
    of incarceration.The convicted offender might be
    asked to make payments to the crime victim or
    participate in a community based program that
    features counseling.
8. Restorative Justice - repairs injuries suffered by
    the victim and the community while insuring
    reintegration of the offender.Turn the justice
    system into a healing process rather than a
    distributor of retribution and revenge.
3 Broad Categories of Crime
1. Sensational crime
2. Street Crime
3. Corporate Crime, White Collar Crime, and
Miranda Doctrine - criminal suspect has the right to
remain silent which means they have the right to refuse
to answer questions from the police.They have the right
to an attorney and if they can not afford an attorney,
one will be provided for them at no charge.
Pro Bono - legal work done for free.
Writ - a form of written command in the name of the
court or other legal authority to act or abstain from
acting in some way.
Subpoena - is a writ issued by a court authority to
compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial
proceeding.
Summon - a legal document issued by a court or
administrative agency of government authoritatively or
urgently call on someone to be present.
Discretion - the use of personal decision making and
choice in carrying out operations in the criminal justice
system.
What is twelve table? early Roman laws written
around 450 BC which regulated family.religious, and
economic life.
What is the medical model of punishment?
- a view of corrections holding that convicted offenders
are victims of their environment or sick people who
were suffering from some social malady that prevented
them into valuable members of society.
What is the difference between Indeterminate
sentence and Determinate sentence?
1. Indeterminate sentence
    a. a term of incarceration with a stated minimum
        and maximum length. ex. 3-10years
    b. prisoner is eligible for parole after the minimum
        sentenced has been served.
    c. based on belief that sentences fit the criminal,
        indeterminate sentences allow individualized
        sentences and provide for sentencing flexibility.
    d. judges can set a high minimum to override the
        purpose of the indeterminate sentence.
2. Determinate sentence
    a. a fixed term of incarceration ex. 3 years
    b. these sentences are felt by many to be
        restrictive for rehabilitative purposes.
    c. offenders know exactly how much time they
        have to serve.
Various Factors Shaping Length of Prison Terms
1. Legal Factors
    a. the severity of the offense
    b. the offenders prior criminal record
    c. whether the offender used violence
    d. whether the offender used weapons
    e. whether the crime was committed for money
2. Extra Legal Factors
    a. social class
    b. gender
     Organized Crime.     c. age
    d. victim characteristics
Sensational Crime - certain offenses are selected for
their sensational nature and made into national What are the institutions of socialization?
issues.Much of what we know about crime comes from 1. Family
the media. 2. Religion
3. Schools
Street Crime - includes a wide variety of acts both in 4. Media
public and private spaces including interpersonal
violence and property crime. Family - is the primary institution of socialization in
society.
 

Create a free website with

 Police Photography>
o police photography definition of terms
o police photography review notes
 Personal Identification>
o personal identification reviewer 1
 Forensic Medicine>
o forensic medicine definition of terms
 Lie Detection and Interrogation>
o lie detection and interrogation reviewer 1
o lie detection and interrogation reviewer 2
o lie detection and interrogation reviewer 3
o lie detection and interrogation reviewer 4
o lie detection and interrogation reviewer 5
 Forensic Ballistics>
o forensic ballistics definition of terms
o forensic ballistics reviewer 1
o forensic ballistics reviewer 2
o forensic ballistics reviewer 3
o forensic ballistics reviewer 4
o forensic ballistics reviewer 5
o forensic ballistics reviewer 6
o forensic ballistics reviewer 7
o forensic ballistics reviewer 8
 Questioned Documents>
o questioned document definition of terms
o questioned document reviewer 1
 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology>
o forensic chemistry definition of terms
o forensic chemistry reviewer 1
o forensic chemistry reviewer 2
o forensic toxicology reviewer 1
 criminalistics review questions
 criminalistics review questions 2
 Administration Of Police Organization>
o administration of police organization review questions 1
o administration of police organization review questions 2
 Patrol Organization And Operation
 Police Operational Planning
 Intelligence And Secret Service>
o intelligence and secret service reviewer 1
o intelligence and secret service reviewer 2
o intelligence and secret service reviewer 3
 Industrial Security Management
 Law Enforcement Administration review questions
 Criminal Law (Book 1)
 Criminal Law (Book 2)>
o Heinous Crimes Act Of 1993
o Republic Act No. 8294
o Anti-Money Laundering Act Of 2001 R.A. NO. 9160
 Criminal Procedure
 Criminal Evidence
 criminal jurisprudence definition of terms
 criminal jurisprudence review questions
 Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
 Special Crime Investigation
 Fire Technology and Investigation>
o fire technology and investigation reviewer 1
 Traffic Operation and Accident Investigation>
o traffic operation definition of terms
 Drug Education and Vice Control>
o Drug Education Definition of Terms
 Police Report Writing (Technical English)
 crime detection review questions
 Introduction to Criminology
 Criminal Justice System
 Juvenile Delinquency
 Human Behavior and Crises Management
 Seminar on Contemporary Police Problem
 Police Ethics and Community Relations
 criminology reviewer
 sociology of crimes review questions
 Penal Management>
o penal management review questions 1
 Probation
 correctional administration review questions