Fourth edition Headway Advanced Student’s Book Liz and John Soars Paul HancockFourth edition Headway Advanced Student’s Book Liz and John Soars Paul Hancock OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSCONTENTS LANGUAGE INPUT ra 1 Paeny What makes us 2a —_ human? The cachal ry med pr I've been checking my emails, p10 Perfect and non perfect ve come from Scotland, come from Scotland. pio ‘Active and passive English ts spoken Bere. pt Reflotive pronouns talk to hinsel, burn mel) pl eer Synonyms harterses, tat ps The stages of fe ‘vodingfor a exam ‘etlngdove ‘etlinga mortgage pl2 BE Expressions with eferves ‘Doni pt yourself down He realy fancies himselt pli ‘Adverbs and adjectives Pasa verbs ‘xpressons with word Be 2 Insomany words cals oor Tos for words pis Ditely disappointed, gree longingly pi8 Jot down at your words ‘Adverts with two forms ‘omete pi? breathe a word p20 vain esi ake easy pi dust say the werd Active oer seta word in edgerays “great, ne Historical novel pt ‘won for word mam of words 20 nough i Verb pattems Describing trends wpanddown DS Enough benny ieee “all dramatically lighten wp p23 continue 10 reas. keep improving p25 rise sharply rsdn Vos tat can tle both infitieand rg A slight decrease 928 Cheer upl p29 ‘Har! ehappe, tart happening p28 Pasa verbs with up and down ‘speedup dress p ‘stand doen pos eems Medal ausiary verbs Cheek the meri Modal aueliros D4 letalts Motel eb frspecditon- pert comre hoeip37 Nouvel shoult pal ‘should ay, must p32 Ieiomaticcllecatons have Nodal ers fr speciation past ‘evel playing ld Treeds? have bothered! imight/mastsiould ave arived p38 wake-up cal oud think 0! p35 [Medal verbs: other meanings oregone conclusion p38 ‘ality, permsson, obligation habit refusal advice SYRONYS woud bone, woud’ accept, to deceive to delude p38 inustn ask p34 we 5 Cultureclashes — Wopstooidrepetiion Vocabulary for context, Firing thins in comm ising words out “garbis fsion pa ves hate pal A present forme? You shouldthave. p¥4—Natonalitesand stereotypes neither do Roducedintrtves Finland. ish, a Fi So Thave thougte. pas ‘Gan you come for dinner? Yes Td ove the Fomish Finnish pa? fee pat Smonyms "Were they worried about going?” ‘Well they were bit ansous” pd 6 Fruits of war Wray of adding emphasis Nouns formed rom phrasal Fromundiation: ung tess Siructres which ada emphasis verbs toemphasie pio Wat haw abou slip-up, outlook, “Peter hasnt ot Something the war did was... p52 dovonfll 55 anybody He to Negative iverion sme: p58 ‘Never have Jem Rarely oes one fin. p53 Emphatic do, does cid Finally, the war did cad. p53SKILLS DEVELOPMENT [eo Cao Ea oO Whatmalesushumant —Thereunion Inyou own words Weallget emotional Introducing youself Ten things that make us "Two people discuss school Talkingahout what makes ws completey own A personal man reumton p7 tman ps ‘away profile pl7 An ate abo The Seven Ager of Man Wit d you think? “yg know ten key human “Aspeechfrom As You Like t Human verte anal {red os pla Sharactersties iy Willer Shakespeore pl2 intelligence p that make us What age are they? Talking about the seven distinct fom other Feople of iferen ages describe ages pl2 species pS themsehes pl? ‘famous play George Benard Shaw What do you think? ‘reakingtherules Narrative wniting Pygnition "AShort biography ofthe Speculatingabouthow of Eglth Dilerent AaII Scene 1 of playwright pie Bygmaionends p17 Enlish grammar genres plO the phy by George famous play Inyour own words rules p22 Berner has? pls Pygmnaton Greaingahonoestary p2l ‘ActltScene2and At IIL Scene Vol the ply pl7 Thebilionaie who wasnt Lmitsto growth Discusion Workpacejngon Report wing Theseaetbilfonare Arado programme about Global pcblensquiz p23 got formend Using A profil of Chuck sconomicgronth pat Inyour own words 4 wisn station graphs p10 Feeney. aphilathopistbesebing trends Discaasng eonomic think ouside te bots gvenaway msdeserbing growth pid tax p30 bills of dats pas What do you thine? smonymousy 725 Talking aboot personal sation finance p2t containing workplace jargon p30 Themystc andthe epte Inthe jewelers Tet yourmemanyt Soferingthemessage Writing formal ‘SirArtiur Conan Dayle" Ashopossstant gives an account Adkingantansicring witness Would you mn. emal Harry Flu ‘ofan incdentat the shop p32 _ Statement questions p2 Do you think | “An apology pl vires nls reser tae ets workon—TheUrbialeTth © i wat Wo ofthe mest eyes statements “Giving a short etre base ‘as tk famous clebriiesof "Research nto eyeitness ‘on the radia show p39 nigh pad the 20th eentury p36 idence pa what do you thine? ‘An ulkly enship The reatinshyp heween “Aeadio programme about the Doyle nd relationship between Conan Houdini ps? Doyleand Houdini p38, Inyou own words The Unbelievable Truth Typlsining idiomatic ‘Aclipfroma radio show p39 ___slocations p39 Words of ference Foundin translation Inyour own words ritshend American Describing Theulinatecuture Arado programme about Summaricinganticle pf2 Engh sinartes and lish thetelaionsip between an What do you think? Did they bring he eforoces Anatide bya ‘American manend a Russian Talkingaboutananide pa deck yer Comparing wo joumalstaboutthe woman who met online pg Sharing opinionsonatte Have they brought Sountree pli3 Visit by memberscira ving anethercourtry sory pio se lye pa ibe tom Papua New "People talk abaut their experlence Taking abou serootyper Guinea made the ofvingin another country pé" Netonalitystereotpes 7 UK pea auiz ow goed language ae you? pi6 When rood comes frombad Quotation: about var Inyour own words eepingthe peace Whiting for taking ating gees erspectiveson war and confit monerview ofley —Lefijustaree Researching Anattieaboatthe rom diraaghout history pa disagree. apeiod in lating impoctt Peace and good Haye tyourown history pits Would War pS0 van exc fom the play Oh, teat pt way. p36 Whoa Lely Wor! andy” What o you thine? interview with two World War I veterans p54 Talking about the impact oF World Wael 50 Discussing resetions toa listening text p54CONTENTS LANGUAGE INPUT ri LANGUAGE FOCUS ee SPOKEN ENGLISH ! ‘eal andureal tense sage Phrasal vebswithonando if. Deez Lighten upt ‘oecver ad money aschidven wespom it log a “aye ps7 onset. goon and on 0, Tesh you dit have toga. p60 Soak py on pe ret, p61 Moed contion Ti tke you to the airport tomorrow ifmy oar hit broken denen. pd would “Let he elie he would be bankrupe to years late, Tue we that mak Tver yor. po 7 Relatives nd participles st ia andtenageph “Thats just what fennel P65 Insees the psengers who exited ‘orn fing Iss cereal protic Seng court Tamcouldn come. so Tair two. tedroon flo, which hae no Ions, howe pL jist ne p70 gone fot terribly poy. post rertipes (0F the 3500 plots employed by British ‘Airey, jes 200 ae women. 969 Discourse markers Yerb phrases Rhym pp esau ‘tte adverbs play ale “iopitven dep music ‘ite honest, gohaynire p74 mearestand dearest prs tforiunatey, ‘ess the mearing mame aa same $77 anacingle PS [resrpion.s p78 connectors Song tye, and cht ‘mind you, ‘howe rose feral, sit ronte iy the was, 73 ars guard 976 Ditancing the face "Nouns odo with te bod PO: HRadyenidmind: ee rosin, pam, Emuhte p87. "I wa quite comport. pst itis aid tat pychosomatieilneses are ‘ll Verbstedowith thebedy Thats uite inthe head. pt tickle, swallow conic! p86 seem ard oppea squeeze p87 “There certo be few ints tothe syrspioms Compound nouns health the rind ca produ “dra tri ri scar p82 ‘The operations appeared to hae amastng res. p84 tech Thefuture Symonymsandantonyms stuff hn oupieech Es, SE Reerninn worl “he plane il be landing about now, lanier uptodate pS of trons pe Its about to pour pol ‘hats te sf of ftureinthe pet nigmares p80 Tn going fo atten the meting but it as canceled ‘She watt givens lit to the aiport. pi agp Linking devices Metaphor language imphati expresions with De Turing pons ‘us ucliteinogivation —— dafdees/ did por furthermore shining exaple 1d warn you! imeanshile hot topic p99 Will Ti won reverts p100 ‘heck the meaning Ido ich he pes ness would poz ‘obsessed wh roming through treat pil? Tapescripts. p22 rammar Reference plas rasal verbs 160 ist pis pescripts Gi ference Phrasal verbs Word list‘SKILLS DEVELOPMENT fo How tobe happier ‘Sever ways to make “yourself happier An artic giving advice ‘on bow to make yourself happier pst LISTENING The history ofthe smile ‘An extract from radio documentary about the le And social evolution of the smile ps2 A Inyour own words Sommarieingan article pss Semnmariring sections of'a listening text ps2 What do you tine Talking about things thet alee people happy ps8 aes tookon the bright se Cheer up! Hang om in there! Yeu eat win em ‘ll. p64 CN Informal writing A later tomy yossnger sell p16 ‘hesmile ps2 Jobsfor the boys.or gs? Are you typical mae or feral? In your own words Talkingin lis ‘Ang syle end Desperae husbares ‘Ncouplediscuss thelr Exchanging infermsation Bossi be boys. eoheslon Aow take for female answers toa que 065 aout two ates pes eter safe thansory. A falktale plt7 plots Snder-neutral parenting ‘What do you think? takes sors p22 “Two artis shout "Acomerstionbetween a Sheting opimons about Peoplewho;ave taken couplecscussing gender: gender aes 6 fnrolestraionally neutral parenting PO Talking about gender neste comed out bythe Dy Eugene Beresia patenting p70 ‘opposite sex 65 Apyehiaris view on sgendereneutral parenting p70 Halen Grima Youre the mnie Inyour own words The music of Eaglshand Giving aninformal ‘Alf of mas and wolves Two guests ona radio Semmariing the key topics intonation opi ‘Theremarkalelite programme discuss inclistening ext p74 ‘Mion makescakes. A poston oftheworkl-famous book about the ole of What do you thnk? Our mura rakes ‘comment slasial pint and asin psyco “Talking about the music that cates. thread pis ‘conservation Heke development p74 would bethesoundiack to. Our mun makes the ‘Grinaud p78 so yeurlie prs cee pa. The Night IHHeard Caruso Sharing etactons toa Singhy Heerything Bat the song p76 Gia p77 Dyseusing reactions toa reading Wt 78 The power of placebo How welldoyoulmow yourbody? What do you think? We doe, doothe? rage Debatingan sue ‘the placsho pct Tacteabut the hmtsn dod Talking about the xéatonship andres ‘An opinion An rte abot the andheats pst ‘eter the mind and ‘Soyou were with Lisa piece pl19 ffectthe mind cn Dowmto earth witha bump physieal health p¥2 Tae night vere you? hase one ‘ery wita™’, | Repertng the nye ‘Minme That a propor recovery arognker who sursiveda, Preparing and presenting cupofcofe, tat Fakindeviems: pos scnbdkin ee" Peas ‘nyour own words ‘Arado interview base ona listening tex ps Too much scence? Me and my tech Discussing questionnaire Tenrelly bad predictions Descibingand war our houschold Peietasabout‘histecht p89 A-guetionnaiesbout Teck Wolf wil be-enuating “pplances geting 100 ‘The Internet of Tings cour relationship th gone by he ‘An online prodact crplicted? ‘ratio programme out technology p89 Democracy willbe review pla Anarticle explocing the interconnection a What do you think ‘dead by 1950. 996 the Tunction inflation’ device tothe internet an ite The rtone of Things 90 fofmodernousehoi’ tects p90 Talking abou the action appliances p92 Maries ry 257 inflation of household “The past sce fom the appliances p92 future 936 Lifechanging experiences The allo the tin towers What do you thine Word linking the potato Connecting ideas Rurunga marathon "Aneyewitnessoccount 997 Talking about spoce dod ‘Writing srl Kile mie When manfrstsawtheEarth exploration pe “Thisiszoevening, biography pL2l (Our plane was hijacked ‘Two first-person accounts of life-changing ‘experiences 103 An extract froma radio Programme discussing the legacy ofthe pollo space missions pos Talking about life-changing events and their eflets 102 In your own words Exchanging information bout 2 reading text p10? f-antcpation ane ‘excitement pS Inerushe sounds laeweyee tisoceranges govaray 105 Extra materials piss Inregular verbs p17 Phonetic symbols. p17VIDEOS A ,ideoto accompany each unit canbe found on the ITI DVD-ROM, 1 What makes us human? The similarities and differences benseen human and primate intelligence 7 Graffiti life eclroeel ee ra through gaa > 2 Behind the scenes ‘look at the role ofthe backstage team at one ofthe most prestigious regional theatres in the UK & 3 Information is beautiful A visit tothe Information 4s Beautiful Stadio, showcasing the current trend for data sisualieation we 8 Ruth Shackleton - allife less ordinary Rath Shackleton team ‘manager ofthe worlds most famous aerobstic isplay team, the Red ®& 9 Silent film music World-renowned silent film accompanist, John Sweeney, talks bout film music in the era of the silent film: & 4 Eyenitness Eyewitness behaviour and the impact of fieensic psychology on Grammar Reference pl46 1 He really fancies 2 You never stop moaring! hinselt. ‘ 2. Compare the use or absence of reflexives in tare beenlookrea ic eesty enna 2 Honestly just sten | recently. toyoursef! « Believe in yourself 1 My wife was talking to her. 3 Don't put yourself 4 He thinks all women fall for “My wife was talking to herself don his charm She got dressed quickly and went to work. She's growing up fast. She can now get herself dressed. 4 Lookafteryourself | € Id get her phone number. 5 Ieouldkicemystt. | Youdon't have to agree with everything he says. 3 Thurned my finger quite badly. 6 Think for yourself | § you dict win because youre the Turned myself quite badly. 7 Please youself best. Your opponent vas rubbish! 4 [spoke to the prime minister. 8 Just be yourself ‘h You never listen to my advice ayy 1 spoke to the prime minister myself. 9 Trek ofyoursel | | ute tna putting thers fist 5 They hurt themselves playing rugby. -yousett | 1 Patt try to appear tobe They hurt each other fencing. 1D Done fatter youl | something that yout not © Mummy, I painted it all by myself. 2 Listen and check. With your partner, think of a suitable T choose to live by myself response to each one. Compare ideas asa class, 3, EHEB Listen tothe conversation. enti the tuations and note all the expressions with reflexives. D> WRITING Introducing yourself A personal profile p107 Unit + What makes us human? IL= a VOCABULARY AND LISTENING \ AR 1 Are you happy with the age you are? What is your perfect age? Why? 2 Work with partner With which stage of ie do you associate hese things? ‘gazing your knee aches and pains going clubbing playdates getting a mortgage colouringin teeteringon highheels sleepovers ‘idinginabusey having alie-n taking an afternoon nap memory loss Internet dating setting divorced watching your weight nappies getting promoted having atantrurn golngon acruse crawling ‘wearing sensibleshoes having apotbelly insomnia settling down needing reading lasses ging grey/beld asatchel playing truant ‘working out swotting foran eram 3. This isa famous speech from the play As You Like Itby William Shakespeare. ts / known as The Seven Ages of Man. Read the first part and ansiser the questions. 1 What metaphors used to describe the world? ‘ 2. Explain the words players, exits and entrances, and parts. 3 What do you think the seven ages are? Use the pictures to help. 4 Read and listen to the whole extract, The glossary should help with unfamiliar words, What are Shakespeare’ seven ages? Find one thing that goes with each age. f 5 Read ag Who ...! 1 would die just to be famous and likes to swear and pick fights? 2 writes rather ridiculous and mournful poetry? rather portly and full of boring advice? 4 is sulky and complaining? 5 has lost weight and needs to get new clothes? 6 7 ch of the seven people is described negatively. is loud and smelly? isnt aware of anything very much? What do you think? + Inwhat ways are Shakespeare descriptions of people true today? Give some moder examples of negative behaviour foreach age + What could you say to describe each age mere positively? Listening 6 EBB Listen to some people. What age do you think they are? Are they positive or negative about their lives? In what ways? 12 Unit + What makes us human?Ren es All the world tage, And all the men and women merely players They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. Acfirse, the infant, Mewling and puking in the nusse’s arms: ‘Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a wecfd ballad / Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. ‘Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the eannon’s mouth. And then the justice In fair round belly, with good capon lined, With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saves, and modern instancer; And so he plays his part. ‘The sixth age shifis Into the lean and slippered pantaloon, With spectacles on nose, and pouch on sides His youthful hose, well saved, a world coo wide For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of al, “That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, cans taste, sans everything of Man by William Shakespeare {crying and being sick) {complaining miseraby) (couling) (sad) (swearing continually) (priest) (when fighting a war) (judge) {stomack) (chicken) (sayings) (examples) (moves) {pyiamas and slippers) (trousers from his youth) {shrunk body) (nothingness) (without)THE LAST WORD We all get emotional! 1 GERI Read and listen to the lines. Discuss with a partner, Who could be speaking? What might the situation be? Share ideas as ac 1 T'm absolutely gutted. They were winning 2-0 at half-time and then they went on to lose 3-2! 2 You mean the world to me. More than words could ever say. 3 Wow! I'm completely blown away! Ive never had such an expensive present. 4 Tilhave to consult my diary. Lifes just so hectic at the moment ~ Pm always so much in demand. Come on, you can tell me, 'm dying to know. I won't breathe a word to anyone. 6 Could you not keep getting et me in front of our friends? It looks so awful 7 Oh yeah!? So you run the company now after just ‘a week in the jobl? Pull the other one! 8 Thank God you're here! When we couldi’t ‘get through to you, we thought you'd had an accident. 9 He came in the top 2% in the country, so his father and I are thrilled to bits. 10 It was nothing, really nothing. Anybody would have done the same, 11. Well, [think you did very well to come third, Keep up the good work and youll win next time. 12 Oh, come on now, dontt make such a fuss. You'll be fine, Its only a graze. Hardly bleeding at all. 13 T'mout of here right now! I dont like the look of that lot on the corner. 14. What é’you mean P’m a couch potato?! I go to the gym twice a week, 15. totally lost i with that poor guy, but it was the sixth call today. How do they get our numbers? 2 Try to work out the meaning of the highlighited words and phrases from the contexts. 3. Which ofthese emotions are expressed by the lines in exercise 1? Sometimes more than one is suitable. adoration anviety pride ——boastfuness curiosity disappointment encouragement fear fury gatitude indignation sarcasm initation relief modesty astonishment reassurance delight ay the lines to your partner according to the emotion, Listen again and compare the stress and intonation, 5. GERD Listen to people saying the line ‘Ot, look at dha! in several different ways. ‘Try to identify the emotion, What could the contexts be? 14 Unit + What makes us human?In so many words ‘Adverbs and adjectives * Expressions with ward * Breaking the rules of English CHIDD Behind the scenes 1 Work with a partner. What have you read recently? What is your fevourite type of book? 2. Read the opening lines of seven cifferent books. Match them to their literary genres and ‘their covers. What helped you identify them? ahorror story a children’s book biography amodern romance adlsscromanticrovel apsjcolegcathiler ahistoncl novel elocnss te erates 3. Choose two of the extracts. What could the next line be Share ideas withthe class. 4 Which if any ofthese books would you like to continue reading? Have you read any books in English? What? Discuss easons for doing ths > Opening lines > Cee ee eee eee eerie and entrances, an eagerly awaited baby, who arrived an improbable six ‘weeks late in Southampion Hospital, Longlsland, on 23 July 1928. Fee epee cee eee ely Me He eed pencetlly oath hs nthe ond ether in pain hoes bata ios Norman Bates heard the noise and a shock went through him. It sounded as though somebody was tapping on the windowpane. (A) Iris a eruch universally acknowledged thar a single man in possession of good forsune must be in want of a wife © men aiis said and done, ling my mother eame easly Dementia, sit descends, has a way of revealing the core of the person affected by it My mother’s core was rotten like the brackish water at the bottom of a weeks-old vase of flowers. ° AMERICA'S QUEEN a? Fs eae eta eau aulvesaesoncian FST soe ieee aielub sande tenors, Beckie ay haved de salt (CATO TUE OSG get ay Te ete NE ee eae, stingat worken my own vith arassive double-decker chib sandwich, but I'm allowed to dream. aren't I?READING AND LISTENING Pygmalion 1 Read a short biography of George Bernard Shaws a famous 20th-century playwright. Listen and correct the nine mistakes in it, (George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) was an English playwright He won the Nobel Price for Literature in 935, Shaw’ instincts were to refuse ‘this honour, buths editor persuaded him to accept ttasa tribute to his publisher. He also wona Hollywood Oscar in 1939 forthe fim version of his play The Apple Cart He i one of ony two writers towin both awards He wrote over 60 plays, but Pygmalion is probably his most famous work because, in 1946, he adapted into the highly succesful musical for stage and screen, My Fair Lady He died, aged 94 aftr fling down stairs 2. Read about the setting and characters for Act IL of Pygmalion, What job does each character have? Why would Higgins want to transcribe the speech of aflower-gitl? What isa ‘Cockney’? ‘ACTIN SETTING Higgs house in London in ‘Act te right before, he had been transcribing the speech, ‘of a Cockney flower-gri that hheandFickering had heard in| Mrs Pearce Covent Garden. Now theyre in| _Hggns’ housekeeper Higans laboratory talkingabout | eliza Doolittle phonetics ACockney ower gi (CHARACTERS Professor higgins A professor of phonology Colonel Pickering Higgns'friend, a language expert 3 Read and listen to the opening scene from Act IL Answer the questions. 1 Why was Pickering so impressed by Professor Higgins? Why didn't Mrs Pearce send the young girl away? What does she describe as Something dreadful”? Why does Higgins agree to see the girl? ‘Why is Bliza confident that she’s not asking for a favour? How has she worked out how much to pay him? ‘I shall make a duchess of this drageleiailed guttersnipe? What is Higgins planning to do? 8 Which of these adjectives do you think describe Professor Higgins? Which Eliza? Which both/neither? arrogent condescending apprehensive haughty underprivileged articulate cocky straightforward valve humble self-confident compassionate self-satisfied bullying heartless insensitive 4, EEEB Listen only toa later scene in Act II. Eliza is having a lesson, What is the difference between Higgins’ and Colonel Pickering’ approaches to teaching Eliza? You can draw on the jectives in exercise 3. 16 Unit + In somany words Higgins Well, Ithinkthat’sthe whole show. ring. Its teally amazing, I haven't taken hal ofit in, you know. Higgins Would you like to go over any ofit again? Pickering. No, thank you; not now. Higgins Tired oflistening to sounds? Pickering Yes, its fearful strain, {rather fancied myself because [can pronounce 24 distinct vowel sounds; but your 130 beat me. Icen’t hear abit of difference between most of them. Higgins Oh that comes with practice. [Mrs eaee ents] ‘What’ the matter? MrsPearce A young oman wantsto see you, sit. Higgins A young woman! What does she want? Mrs Pearce Wel, sir, she says you'll be glad to se ‘when you know what she’s come about. She's quitea common girl, sir. Very common indeed. Ishould have sent heraway, only 1 thought perhays you wanted her totalk into your machines Higgins Oh, that'll right, Mrs Pearce. Has she 2n interesting accent? Mrs Pearce Oh, something dreadful, sr, really, don't ‘know how you can take an interest init. Higgins Let'shave her up. Showy her up, Mis Pearce. MrsPearce Very vell sit. Wot for me to say Higgins Thisisrathera bit ofluck. (to Fskerng] Tl show ‘you how I make records. We'll sether talking and then we'll get her onto the phonograph sothat you «an turn her on as often as you like withthe written transcript before you. MrsPearce Thisisthe young woman, sr. Higgins Why, tis isthe gil I jotted down lat night ‘She's no use. Be offwith you. I don'twant you.5. Read the introduction and list of characters in Act IL. ‘What do you think happens? ‘ACTIIL INTRODUCTION In Act, Higgins decides that Eliza ready to make a fist entry into society. She is dressed beautifuilyand taken tbatea party at his mothers (CHARACTERS MrsHiggins Professor Higgins kind ond wise mother Mrs Eynsford-Hil ahigh-socety friend of Mrs Higgins Freddy. her impressionable, handsome son in his early 20s Clara. her daughter Professor Higgins Colonel Pickering Fiza Doolittle house Unfortunately, lz has ‘only practised pronunciation and has no idea what Constitutes polite conversation 6 Listen toa scene from Act IIL, Answer the questions. | Who is impressed with Eliza? 2 What are her topics of conversation? 3 Why does her final comment shock everyone? 7 Work witha partner. Read what Eliza says about her aunt’ health, Reword it in standard English. Liza Don'tyou be 50 saucy! Youain'theard what [come for yet. Oh, we are proud! He ain’t above giving lessons, not him: { heard him say so. Well, Tain’tcome here to ask forany compliment; and if my money’s not good enough, I Grammar Reference pl47 Verbs that can take bot! ve and -ing 2 Siart, begin, and continue can take either infinitive or -ing ‘with no change in meaning. Itstarts Ls at a surprisingly modest level of income. ‘Why was one particular pattern used in these examples? a We have to start looking at the issue © redistribution. b Were beginning to realize that earning more doesnt always make us happier. 3. Some verbs change meaning with the infinitive or -ing. Discuss the different meanings of the verbs in these pairs of sentences from ‘Limits to growth! Va b 2a b 80 they Keep trying to make the cake bigger. ‘Try watching a sunset one day this week. If we stop to think about what makes us happiest; .. Adam Smith thought that our economies would stop growing. ‘We never meant to create such a stressfal way of life It means getting things repaired more, . ‘We need to give everyone the chance to be better off. Ifthe environment needs protecting, .. ‘We've seen our economies grow 24 times bigger. ‘You see lots of well-off people doing the lottery. 4 Complete the sentences with one of the verbs in exercise 3 and the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 I dorit think Anna (be) rude ~ she just speaks before thinking sometimes. him stratford last year, 2 Heb such a good actor ~1 (play) Hamlet 3 You should (walk) to work - bet ‘yout get there earlier when the traffic’s bad! 4 ‘These windows really (clean). 1can hardly see through this one! 5 Ididnt (chat) with Kirsty because Twas late for my lecture, 5 Choose the verb which completes each sentence correctly: Change the verb patterns to make the sentences correct with the other verbs. stopped 1 Myboss let wanted expected you apologired for dit meen rmeto goto the ‘meeting in New York ‘eli him. cant stand isused would rather mademe started coulcnt help are trying are thinking of hadbetter work outdoors. tolaugh. selling ow flat. seehim ‘ering him remember collect the children: ©) Dido from school? 6 Complete the sentences in your own words, using a verb in the correct pattern, Compare with a partner. 6 I find it difficult ... 7 Ym going to start. 8 I’ve never tried 1 T'm thinking of... 2 Sometimes I cant help 3 Idorit mind people ..., unless + albeayss makes me People are always encouraging me... 9 Inever meant ... 10 Tdrather ... Unit 3 + Enough is enough? 25READING AND SPEAKING The billionaire who wasn’t 1 Discuss the questions, 1 What are the pros and cons of being very rich? 2 What are the positive and negative effects on children when their parents are very wealthy? 3. What is philanthropy? How many famous philanthropists can you name? 2 Work in pairs. Look at the section headings in the text about a philanthropist called Chuck Feeney. What do you think each section is about? 3 Read the text. Are the statements true (/), fase (X), ‘or not given (NG)? Correct the false ones, 1 People wouldr’t guess that Chuck Feeney was anyone special He went straight from school to college. He has never shown off his wealth. He has three children. Some of his children are grateful that he was strict with them, He doesn't think money is at all important in life, He doesnt like attending public functions. 8 His family will get the rest of his fortune when he dies. 4 Explain what Chuck meant by ‘Get out the door, do things yourself? ‘J set out to work hard, not to get rich.’ ‘1 felt there was an element of payback? ‘People need it today, not tomorrow.” “You can only wear one pair of shoes at a time’ 5 Look at the highlighted words and phrases in the text. Write them under the heading they are associated with, Wealth Poverty naked fortune careful with money What do you think? ‘+ What do you think of Chuck Feeney attituce to money and possessions? + In what ways would and wouldnt you support your children if you were billionaie? + Ifyou had billions to give avay, who/hat would you give it to? 2% Unit 3 » Enough is enough? — Everyone knows about the philanthropic Rrra eee None Mery Pg eet eee Sige ee coc ets ees surement ne cltuesace thing Speci ote he $15 watch -he's lary fis eat eee eee core ee ie sigh imagine thet tis elder Ameian hes Well, if that was the case it would have been a big fall, re ate eee es Se ae ede Go tere isa ease SIS anaes act Making it big Feeney’s parents certainly weren't MMWR He was bom in {93t,ae the Groat OSG asin ull owing and hinge eer ough brie ceed of ms cuuion sa ern ‘Chuck did jobs for neighbours and sold Christmas cards door- fae capi ate ip atectonata anianes cs Air Force, and supported himself through it by making and bk Cia a aaa Wate ee RU of milion of dlars opening cytes shops tapos the 196, Teene’sater return 4 es) pr dha ax aves coemh perro ied Uncomfortable with the extavagant displays expected ofthe aot wonrad epee mete anat aloer Saal bave sabe are, [= ssaw Chuck Feeney in the street, you wouldn't thinkKeeping it real His daughter Caroleen remembers the wonderful house parties when she was a teenager, though she wasn’t spilt. ce she was 14, she says the message wes ‘Get out the door, do things yoursall, igure it out. More than arthing, tie wanted us to have goals and passions, and he thought wel, how could they -they'e born with everything already? eople have to fight and strive So he made sure we dia” He made all his children take summer jobs as teenagers, When Caroleen’s sister Leslie was a teenager, her father sa she was running up huge phone bills with friend, calling boys in Europe. He disconnected the phone ana put up maps showing all the pay phones in he area, along with a supply of coins He then sent half of the phone bill tothe other {irs father ‘Now that was embarrssing® Leslie recalls. 't is eccentric she admits, "but he sheltered us from people treating us differently because ofthe money. Itmade us normal people Giving it all away Chuck cleany sees the danger of losing touch with normality (1try to lve a normal life, the way 1 grew up), and says he never intended to make a fortune‘ set out to work hard, net to get rch’ Eventuelly he sew the obvious solution ‘0 give his money away. It seems dramatic, yet to Chuck, it was very straightforward: simply decided Ihad enough money? Enough makes you comfortable, he says, but after that, money doesn't add anything meaningful to your life.‘ had a value if you wanted to buy something, but ifyou didn’t want tobuy something, you didn't need it Feeney had seen real haidahiip outside the presperous areas he visited on business tips around the world, I've always empathized with people who have it tough in life’ he says. So he set up a charitable foundation, The Atlantic Philanthropes, in the 1980s, giving away an amount that, averages $m every day. Keeping it quiet So why a Chuck Feeney not as well mown a philanthropist as someone ke Bll Gates? That's because Feeney chose to remain completely anonymous while giving Lis billions awe. Education is his favourite beneficiary: Thad benefitted from education and| fle there was an element of payback, He has helped to transform the higher education syste in ireland, ha built a university, schools, and hcsptals in Vietnam, and donated $s00m to fund medical research in Australia. There are no plaques showing his name in the establishments he has funded, Some institutions that received funding began to make up ‘names to put on plaques, ‘Golden Heart’ being a popular one, but even. these were later taken down when the foundation saw them. Feeney stil prefers not to be recognized, in case he attracts people who are only interested in him for his money. His friend Hugh Lunn tells the story of when a photogrepher at a function went up to Chuck and esked, ‘Are you Chuck Feeney?" He said, “No, that's him over there” and pointed to ‘me. The photographer came up and shook my hand, and thanked me for everything {had done for science in Brishane. It was very embarrassing. [didn't know what to sey’ Giving while living Feeney has only talked about his donations recently, and authorized a biography, because he wants to encourage other wealthy individuels to discover the ey of ‘Giving Wile Living. He can't understand why people wait til they die to leave ‘money to good causes. People need it today, not tomorrow’ He lso thinks the trade-offs in his life have been an easy choice. You didn’t wind up with a new boat, but you wound up helping someone and that is a great feeling! Chuck says he'll remain busy until he’ given allhis money away (You'll never run out of people you can help’), having already given his family enough to live very comfortably He has no plans to increase his own modest budget. “You can only wear one pair of shoes at a time. And if can geta watch for $15 that keeps perfect time, what am I doing messing around with a Rolex?” reer)VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING Describing trends 1 Lookat the news headlines describing trends. Which trends go up? Which go down? Inflation soars to 11% "Share prices plummet Growth rate picks up again | Interest rates to fluctuate but remain broadly stable House prices set to rocket again | “Household debt shoots up by 45% Consumer spending collapses Applications to UK universities plunge 2 Describe the trends using the words in the boxes. Inflation went up sharply toll. There nasa dramaticrise in... [Ave [Noon a sight | fall sradual steady | decrease sup | te substantial | increase increase substantially 3 Look at the graph showing spending on new cars by age ‘group, Discuss the trends and try to explain them, g a a 2 I LY Asetosines ‘Spending on new cars rises sharply when people are i theit 206, and presumably starting work. There's thena sight fll until... 28 Unit 3 » Enough is enough? x Average annual expenditure z mm sten and compare. 4 Workin pairs. Tell each other about these life trends. [No Happiness scale (1to 7) bb OE HS OH DS Gm Age iyears) BM TS 3650 ‘Age aroup (years) 5 Listen to someone describing the popularity of the name Maria in the USA since 1880. Draw the line on the graph. What might explain the changes? 7” 3 on 23 3 on 38 2 5 ism. x BE oo € Sw: 1B) 180 10) 110 1829 190 THO HSE THO ISM aD 1H) 20 2c Year 6 Workin pairs. Student A Choose a name from pl6a Student B Choose a name from p170. Give presentations to each other on the changes in the name's popularity and draw each other's graphs. D> WRITING Report writing — Using graphs pliVOCABULARY Phrasal verbs with up and down Particles in phrasal verbs sometimes help with understanding the meaning. 1. Movement is clear with literal uses of up P and down W. ‘Whats the situation befor the movement in these examples? 1 Arsenal moved up to 4th place. 2. He looked down atthe floor. 3 ‘Situp straight” 4 Please, do sit down, 5 Her lip curled upin disgust. 6 I need to lle down fora bit. 2 Increase/decrease involve things going up or down. 5 cas Payment due: seug| Gas prices continue togo up. so glad i cooled down. What is increasing and decreasing here? 1 Tumitup—lcanthearitt 2 Kids, quieten down! 3 Ineed to save wp fora car 4 They've cut down my hours 5 Speed up-itsa70mph zone! 6 Slow down -my legs are tired! Listen and check, What are the situations? 3. Better/worse are ‘higher up’ and ‘lower down’ on the value scale. Weve just finished doing His colleagues’ apathy gradually up the house. wore him down. Discus the questions 1 What would you trade up 2 Is TV getting more and more your mobil phone for? dumbed down? 3. When do people cress up?’ 4 When might you dress down? 4 Start/end as, for example, of the day, when the sun. comes up and goes down, 6s ‘Why might these things happen? 1 1'lset up my ownbusiness! 2 The president stood down 3 Let fre up the barbecue! 4 My marriage broke down. 5 My laptop so slow to bootup. 6 The chemists shut down, Listen to the dialogues and compare. ‘What caused the events? 5 Completion comes when up/down reach a limit. Ive fled up two bins with all The police managed to track your rubbish! the robber down, ‘What has reached its init in these examples? 1 Youtl windup inhosptal. 2 | finaly pinned Farry down, 3 Who bought up all the tickets? 4 ve decided to settle dow. 5 lveusedup ally leave 6 [never ie this down! Poe end Complete the lines with up or down. Which of the meanings 145 dothey have? | Oh, grow_and stop acting ikea chit 2 Youneed to wake __ and smell the cofee! 3 You do took abit tun 4 Speak__! We cantthear at the bala 5 Ohlighten__, wll you! usta game! 6 Calm _11Mlpay for the repair! 7 tts too difficult: | gve__1 Whar’ the answer? 8 Imsomrytvelet you. 9 Man, Tim, and stop being 2 wimp! 10 The management’ playing it__, but itis bad news Listen and check. What lines prompt the responses? Unit 3 + Enough is enough? 29THE LAST WORD Workplace jargon 1 Jargon and buzzwords have become increasingly ‘common in workplaces. Why is that? Why do many people hate them? 2 Listen to these examples of workplace jargon NA RIN being used. How else could you express their meaning? ae 1 a going forward 3 © mission-critical b grow the business F best practice 2.¢ totask sb (with sth) 4 g to impact sth d to action ha win-win situation 3. Match the following expressions with their meanings. E ee as 1 drilldown a have original and radical ideas about sth 2 gotheextra mile b continually inform sb of all developments 3 give peoplea heads-up make contact with sb briefly to check that things are OK 4 keepsbintheloop be aware of sth that will need attention in future ingsthtothe table _€ lookat sth in more depth and detal 6 hit the ground running contribute sth of value to a project or discussion 7 thinkoutside the box g. work harder thar most people would, to get ajob done 8 touch base h start work on sth successfully and enthusastically 9 bringsb upto speed i. warn ofa future development people need tobe aware of 10 beon sb radar j inform sb ofthe latest developments on a project Buzzword Bingo! 4 In meetings and presentations, workers have been known to play Buzzword Bingo. Try it. Fill in the Bingo card wit exercises 2 and 3, EMD Listen to-a presentation and cross the expressions on your card as you hear them. The first person to get three in aline shouts, 'Heads-up! some of the expressions in 5. Are any of the expressions in exercises ? and 3 used in your language? 6 Which expressions in 3 do you think were the most hated ina survey of British workers? Put a X. Which do you think people thought were actually OK and useful? Put av. Listen to Sara and Danny talking about workplace jargon and compare your ideas, Which expressions do they ‘mention? What do they say about them? What do they think ate the problems with using these expressions a lot? 7 Plan and give a short presentation using just a few of the expressions you think are useful. Remember, enough is enough! 30 Unit 3 = Enough is enough? I need an interpreter. Send in someone who speaks jargon,Not all it seems Modal auilzries, present, Future, anc past Idiomatic adjective + noun collocations * Softening the message ED Hevires 1. Lookat the photos. Discuss which you think are real/ photoshopped / el but staged. Check on pl72 Number I might be photoshopped, but... Ireckon2ereal.Iveceen... Scantbereal,ite.. 2. What are the different reesons for photoshopping photos? Which ones do you think are justified?LANGUAGE FOCUS 1 Modal auxiliary verbs ‘Modal verbs for speculation — present and future ‘Allmodsal verbs can be used to express varying degrees of likelihood or probability. Which of the modals inthe box can be used in sentences 1-6 to express the meanings in taics? 1 Its possible but Fm not at all sure. We set tickets if were lucy, but im nat hopeful 2 Its possible but im not completely sure. 1 belate home. The traffic doesnt look promising 3 Its generally posibe. it get very cold in Greece in winter D>D> Grammar Reference pA shoud must may can could cant will might 4 Lespect this They __ arrive by 7.00 if the traffic is OK 5 know this Its only 415 — Carla still be at work 6 There isevidence ofthis Jack’ car ist there ~he. still be at work. Jock beat work his ofice is closed today. 1 fs 10,30.m. Look at the picture of a scene in a jeweller’, Who do you think the people are? What do you think they're doing? Use modal verbs to speculate. The woman in the fur coat must bea customer. She coud be lacking for a precent. The man outside might be. Peso eros i Look at the pictures on p33 and listen to Karen telling a friend what happened in the jeweller’. Who were the two men? Why are they returning later?3 Its 3.30 pam. The policemen haver't returned to the shop. What do you think has happened? The policemen might have been called out to deal With another erie, They must have ... ‘Modal verbs for speculation - past ‘Models expressing probability all form their past inthe same wey. Verb + perfect infinitive She will It might have arrived by now. ‘They should, etc. D> Grammar Reference pH49 4 The policemen never returned. When the assistants rang the police station, they knew nothing about the incident. What do you think must have happened? 5 GERD Listen to Karen giving her friend an update on the story and check. + Where did the police badges come from? + Doyouthink the assistants behaved stupidly? + Why do the police need detalied witness statements? SPEAKING Test your memory! 6 Work in pairs. You were in the jeweller’s at the time of the incident and have been asked to give a witness statement Student A. Turn to p16s. Student B. Turn to p17 7 Complete the sentences with a mi verb and the correct form of the verb in brackets 1 Anyone (foo!) by scams and hoaxes if they're done cleverly enough. Luckily | realized it wasa fake website and logged off Someone _ (try) to get all my bank details 3 I suppose it____(be) your brother in that car. I didat get a very close look. 4 Alastair and Maria are in Barcelona Tm sure they have) a wonderful time. 5 Colin would never ignore you deliberately ~ he __ (see) you. 6 There’ no point going to the chemist’ now ~it__ (close). Unit 4 + Notallit seems 33LANGUAGE FOCUS 2 Modal verbs: other meanings 1 Can people be convicted of crimes purely on the basis of eyewitness statements? Do you think they should be? Why/Why not? 2 ERED Listen to an account of Professor Elizabeth’ Loftus’ work on the reliability of eyewitness statements, Answer the questions, 1 What was the court attitude to eyewitnesses in the past? 2 How do we typically think our memory works? How isit different in reality? 3 What are leading questions? What examples are given? 4 What effect has Professor Loftus’ work had on the ‘eriminal justice system? 1 Which of these meanings do the modals in sentences 1-7 have? Write them inthe table | Ability | Habit would — | Advice 1 Inthe past, juries would usualy beeve eyewitnesses. 2 Watnesses would cecop they might be mistaken 3 We shouldnt think of memory as an acute record 4 We will often change our memories by adding. new detail, 5 Professor Loftus was able to show how memories can be influence by leading questions. 6 Suspects have the right toast they can speak toa lawyer before being interviewed 7 Paliceincerviewers have to follow strict guidelines and ‘stn ask eacing questions 2 Which of the meanings can these modals be use for? Write them inthe table and give examples must. may needn't could wor't might donthaveto can't ought 0 >> Grammar Reference pl49 7 Can we trust our memory? 7 3. Discuss why different modals are used in these pairs of examples. 1 He could sivim when he was six. When the boat sank, he was able to swim to shore. T must buy a new suit. This one’s looking seruly. have to buy a suit for my new job. You should say thank you. ‘You could at least say thank you! 4 My dad would often make up stories for us. My dad used o be slim when he was young, 5 We didift need to take our own towels. ‘We needn't have taken our own towels, 6 ‘There could/may be train strike tomorrow. ‘There may not be a train strike tomorrow now. 7 She may be in her 90s. She may be 92, but she’s very sharp. Thet that app will be expensive. ‘This app won't open. We needn't make a decision now. We can wait 1ill we've got even more unnecessary information. 34 Unit 4 = Notallit seems4 Complete the second sentences using the past forms ofthe phrases in italics in the first sentences. 1 L must lose same weight. 1 had to loce come weight because my clothes dint fit mel Walcott sizould score here — he's only got the goalkeeper to beat. Rooney crosses to Mata, who hits it, and ... Ooh! 3 Isthat your phone ringing? 17! be Paul. Did he have a deep voiee? It Paul. 4. You neednit give me a lift, bu if its not out of your way .. Anne but she wanted to see where I lived, Ken ‘because Suzanne took me home, 5 David's phone is engaged ~ he might be talking to Anneke. David to Anneke when you rang. 6 Chris won't help me! He says I need to work it out myself Heli because she had her own work to do. 5 Which modal can complete both sentences in each pair? Which sentences express probability? What are the uses in the other sentences? late hhave a very demanding job. Hes always stressed. You © ——— come salting with us nex time — you'd ove i. ral say how likely its a the moment is too earl to tell b They be coming. They'd have been here by now. Batt snow herein May. b You borrow the car f you tke. don’ need it. 4aWe possibly stay over at Clare’ ifthe party finishes late. b No. you not use my photographs on your website, 5a You have no trouble passing your driving test. b You —~_beppactising the piano for your concert next week. 6ajim spend hours playing computer games. b Sera know the ansner~shes good at these kinds of quizzes. DD WRITING Writing a formal emai ‘An apology pli correct stress and rhythm, and give the reply. Are 1 Look at the lines. What do you think the situation might be in each one? 1 Ob, thanks, that’s very thoughtful of you, but yourealy shouldrit have! 2. could have sworn lft the car ere! 3. got ll dressed up, but neednt have bothered! 4 Jenny wll keep going on about my age! 5, &t,you might want to check your shirts buttoned up propery 6 A ‘Oh you can be so insensitive sometimes ‘Me, insensitive You can talk” 7. Mast you whistle allthe time”! {8 And who might you be? 9 | shouts think so, too! 10 Wellhe would say thet, wouldnt he? GEEED ster and compere your ideas 2 Inpairs, take itin turns to say ines 10 with the admit that you don't have a problem. Unit 4 + Notallit seems 35READING AND SPEAKING The mystic and the sceptic 1 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Harry Houdini were two of the most famous celebrities of the 20th century. What were they famous for? Look at the pictures. Which person do you think must hhave been ...2 + very rational and questioning + convinced of the existence of supernatural powers 2 Read about the two men in groups and answer the questions, Group/A"/Read about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Group B_ Read about Harry Houdini 1 What changes did he make to his name? 2 What was problematic about his father? 3 Who was. formative influence on him in his youth? How? What brought career success afier a difficult start? How good a sportsman was he? Woy did he take an interest in mediums? Did he believe in them? 7 Was he ever taken in by people faking supernatural phenomena? 8 Why shouldn't he have continued with his final tour? 9) When did he dic? What were his last words? 10 What attempts were made to communicate with him after his death? 3 Work with a partner from the other group. Compare your answers to the questions in exercise 2 and discuss the two men, What is paradoxical about both of them? Look at the quote from Sherlock Holmes: “ When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth. ” How would this apply to Conan Doyle and Houdini? 36 Unit 4 + Notallit seems ‘ir Arthur Conan Doylt was bora on Mey 22, 1659, in Edinburgh, as Arthur Doyle (he later used his middle name, onan, ¢s part ofhis surname). His father, a civil servant and frustrated aatist, became an alcoholic, and “Arshur was sent to boarding school in England to oscapo the chaos at home. Ha went on fo study medicine a erat ese esc : toncher, Dr joseph Boll, made abig | Ahurconmboy. ‘ ee eee) even Aan eigenen doortalker bat oll heden uncanny NRL De as Bale lay eee cut ees! 1874, in Budapest, Hungary, as Erik Weisz. His family moved ‘to Wisconsin in America when he was four, and for some ‘unknown reason Houdini later claimed he'd been born there ‘on April 6, It’ said this may have been because his father hhad to escape Budapest after killing a prince ina duel and ‘Harry wanted to disguise his roots. Houdini became fascinated by magic asa young boy. ‘and when he read the autobiography ofthe great French ‘magician, Robert-Houdin, he was hooked. At 17, he began performing tricks, using Houdin's name to create his own stagename. ‘Harry had hte success as a magician at frst, and was ready to give it up, but his career took off when he made ‘escapology the focus of his act. He had long been a een amateur athlete, boxer, swimmer, and cyclist (he was even ‘considered for the US Olympic team). Combining his‘Conan Doyle's first medical practice was slow to take off, and while waiting for patients, he wroto fiction. It was many years hofore his frst novel was published, introducing the detective Sliorlock Holmes, who was clearly based on Dr Boll. A sorio%, Cf Shorlock Holmes stories followed. Doyle grew tired of weiting them, but when he killed Sherlock | © © cffin ona story, thare was «huge public outery (people wore Flack armbands!), and Doyle bad to bring him back to lifp Dofle combined writing with a keen interest in sport; ho played first class cricket and was goalkeeper for Portsmouth AKC, More surprising, given the ultre-rational character of Sherlock Holmes, was Doyle's fascination with the 4 supematural In 1893, Doyle's father died in « psychiatric hospital, and + his wife Louise was given months to live. His resulting lepression led Doyle to investigate spiritualism and comamunicaticn with tho dead. Later, during World War i f he lost several femily members, and he became especially . desporato to make contact with his doad son. Ne ya roanied ater Lutz's dea, Hsttond wile, Ba bocame a modium, and Doyle devoted all his timo to giv Jectufes and writing about supernat al his book, The Coming of the Farias, bein the photographs of the ‘Cottingley fairies’ ake {ovo young girls, could not have been faked i ral phenom tod ths by athleticism with an extraordinary ability to contort ‘his body, he was able to escape from handcuftsin seemingly impossible situations, including locked ‘rates which had been dropped into rivers. Adverts for ‘Houdin’s shows claimed he could escape through solid barriers by dematerializing, but Foudini himself always ‘denied he had any supernatural powers. ‘After the death of is beloved mother in 1913, Houdini {investigated the popular interestin mediums who ‘laimed to contact the dead. He said he never cismissed the possibility of communicating with spirits buthad never found anyone who could actually doit for teal. I. ‘may seem paradoxical that a magician andilusionist should be so sceptical bout the supernatural, but magicians know ‘what fakery is.and Harry spent much of hs ife exposing the tricks that so-called mediums used in their séances. in 1926, despite having broken his ankle, Houdini woulda't ‘cancel a US tour. After one of the shows, an enthusiastic fan decided to test Harry's femous ability to withstand any punch tothe stomach, but without first warning him. Harry ) ‘was cleatly injured by the blow. and performed with severe stomach pains for two days. When he finally saw a doctor, he was diagnosed with acute appendicitis He tried 10 oon ‘with hisnext show with a fever of 40°C, He collapsed on stage, and died in hospital on the somewhat inauspicious date of October 31 (Halloween), His last words were, ‘Tm tired of fighting? i ")) that his wife, Bess, would ld seances after his ‘vould communicate a secret messageifit proved possible. The séances ‘continued for ten years before Bes finally ended ‘them saying, ‘len years {slong enough to wait ‘The women finally admitted their hoax in 1993: “He had. Jost his son recently in the ‘wary explained 81-yoar-old Flsie Wright, ‘and I thipk the poor man was trying t@ comfort Himself in these things. Despite heart problems, Conan Dayle want on a lecture tour af Europa in 1920, Ho x pain and was bedriddes foul on July 7, 1090 hough shorty before he died he was found lying fn tho gardon, clutching his hoart with ‘one hind and holding a flower in the othr), His last words to his wifo wera, *You are wonderful.” & Six days after his death, a séonce was Tele at the Royal Albert Hell, attended by 6,000 poople, Jean was alone in lalming that she had heard a mossago from Arthur. CEP Tha ee oc ins Vocabulary 4. Check the meanings of the highlighted ‘words in your text and then explain them to someone who read the other text. What do you think? + Which ofthe tno men would you most like to have met? Why? + Whats the best magical triccyou've seen performed? Have you any idea how it was done? + Might there be some form of continued existence after death? Have you, or has anyone you know, had any experience of such things as spirits? Unit 4 + Not allit seems 37LISTENING AND SPEAKING VOCABULARY When Arthur met Harry: an unlikely friendship Idiomatic collocations 1 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Harry Houdini did in fact meet 1 Look at the lines. What do the collocations in on several occasions and were friends fora wil italics meant What word class are the two words? Why do you think ...? + they became friends? + Houdini performed along and elaborate tric For Doyle in private? + Doyleheld aséance for Housini? + they Fell out? 2 Listen to1an extract froma radio programme about unexpected friendships. Check your answers in exercise 1. Houdin tried to convince Doyle that mediums used ticks, butt was 2 lost cause, ‘When Doyle wrote newspaper articles about the séance it was the final straw for Houdin 2 There are many common idiomatic collocations with an adjective + noun, Work in groups, A and B, Match the adjectives and nouns for your group to make idiamatic collocations. GROUP 8 + What happened in Houdini tric? GROUP A | + What was Conan Doyle reaction? Fcjecthea) [Nouri “hajectta| | Nou + What happened in the séance? + What was Houdinis reaction? grey tine sore thoughts level shot wishful blessing 3. Answer the questions with slippery feet foregone grace CD (Conan Doyle), wokeup slope last point H (Houdini), or B (Both). fire area second feet itchy deal saving resort Whe, | ; long call nixed conclusion 1 seanted to spend time with other writers a plevngfild |] cold theking 2 was interested in finding a true medium? 3 tried to embrace the other person's attitude to 3 Group A Turn to p169. Group B Turn to pl7 spiritualism? Read the dictionary extracts to check the 4 tried to convince the other that their beliefs were meanings of your collocations and make notes. wrong? Write an example sentence of your own. 5 thought the other was being dishonest in his arguments about the supernatural? 6 wasn't able to be open about his work? lect cause: something that wil ever succeed 2g. 've given up trying to get hi tao more exercice ~ it's alost cause, 7 made public his anger with the other? Listen again and check. 4 Match the words in A with words with similar meanings in B. A 1B toencounter sham tooffend keen tohurt —todelude toexpose eager todeceive fake toreveal_tomeet What do you think? ‘+ Who was being the most honest in their relationship, Doyle or Houdini? ‘+ Why couldn't Coyle take Houdinis advice about supernatural phenomena? ‘+ What did Doyle mean when he telked about what he knew tobe true? On second thoughts, you should stay together. ‘+ Are fake mediums harmless entertainers? Why/ Why not? Why make ivo other people unlrappy? 38 Unit 4 » Notallit seemsPP iayour own words 4 Work with a partner from the other group. Explain the collocations to your partner in ‘your own words, and tell them your example sentence 5 Complete the sentences with one of the collocations from exercise 2 1 Scientists have discovered there really is a between genius and insanity, as the same gene is involved in both cant believe Clive called the wedding off. T guess he got ! 3 Were not asking for special advantages in bidding for this contract, we just want a 4. Steve realized that the diagnosis of heart problems was a and decided to get fit 5 The hotel was a bit dirty, and the view ‘was disappointing, but the food was the ~ it was delicious. 6 Itsa that Sylvia Jones will win this marathon; she’s won every race she’s been in this year Ita . but you might find the document with the work you've lost in your ‘temporary folder, 8 Itwasa getting to know another hypochondriac. Ir nice to discuss our problems, but J have lots of new ones now! 6 Listen to the lines. Which of the collocations could you use to respond? Think ofa response, then listen and compare (Bont think she left him just because he Forgot their aniversary ‘No, but think it ight have been je SPEAKING AND LISTENING 1 Read the description of a radio programme. What do the contestants need to do to make their talk successful? The\Unbelievable Truth The Unbelevable Truth isa radio panel show on BBC Radio 4, in ‘which contestants take icin turns to give a shore talk on a topic. Most of what the speaker says is completely, and often amusingly, untrue. However, five statements in the talk or, unbelievably, true land the other contestants have to spot them, The speaker gets a point for every truth they manage to ‘smuggle’ past the other contestants. 2 GERD Listen to the clip. In which order are the things in the pictures mentioned? What is said about them? “ 5 hand grenade [_] i ie 1S 47NG stratjacket] specimen beaker [“] j hospital traley ] clown 3 In this extract, the contestants spotted two of the truths. What do you think the other truth wast 4 Play The Unbelievable Truth, Work in pairs. Each student prepares a short (2-3-minute) talle Student A Look at the topic on p169 and follow the instructions. Student B Look at the topic on p71 and follow the instructions. Unit 4 + Notallitseems 39THE LAST WORD Softening the message 1 Lookat the picture. What do you think it is? Where might it be? 2 Read the conversation between ‘Ted and Margaret, Where are they? Choose the correct words. ‘T_ That one’s incredible, isnt it, Margaret? She looks so real! M_ Yes. | was wondering if it 'could / might be possible to take a photo of i. Do you think it would be right / alright? T_ Exyou ?might want / will want to ask that attendant first. M_Oh, [thought he was one of the exhi I possibly take a photo of that statue? A. Oh, we don’t allow flash photography. M_15think {thought I might take it without flash. $Would / Could that be OK? A. Yes, that’ fine, M Thank you. Ted, you 7wouldy/t | couldn't take one of me next to it, could you? T Yes. of course... Just move a bit to the left. vould / may you? Listen and check its! ... Excuse me, ‘could ! can z 5 § 3. Look at the polite ways of speaking. Find more examples in exercise 2. Which category do they belong to? Which are the most polite expressions? Why is a past tense used in some of them? Polite asking someone to do something. asking permission suggesting something waysof Could you (possity)..? a yourthink | could/might 2 1 was tiring | might I onder f you could (possb)..? Would itbe/Isitarightif..2 thought you coud. Would you min ing? Would yournindif1..? ttmight be anideato.. I don't suppose you could ., could you? 4 You are in a café. You want to look at someone’ iPad. In pairs, use the instructions and prompts to act out the conversation. 1A Ask to look at someone’ Pad. Suggest you might buy one. excuse / chonce / iPod? zi aegis es ~ ofcourse / MaGGieaa vey ‘ypingon it thank / thik / have /50/? ey me + se / ahead Agee ie tell youhow much it cost. rice / mind / paid? PN B Tell them the cost and A Thank them. v Sees wi nia thank / Lmight / that PC World / sale en Listen and compare, Act out the conversation again, using different ways of being polite 40 Unit 4 + Notall it seems Isthere any chance I could? |hwas wondering whether 5. How polite are these expressions? ‘Would you mind not .2 o you think you could .? Do me a favour and Do yourind 2 Listen and repeat some examples. What makes the polite forms not al they seem? 6 Say these lines to a partner, politely or rudely. ‘The partner should then say them in the opposite way. 1 Excuse me, would you mind speaking more quietly? 2. Pethaps you would like to explain this? 3 I'm afraid this isn't good enough. 4 Close the door, will you? 5 Could you possibly move your cart 6 Would you mind not making that noise? yout Listen and repeat the lines. What do ink the situations might be? 7 Write two conversations, one polite, and one rude, Read them fo the cass.—_—— Culture clashes ‘Avoiding repetition * Nationalities and stereotypes British vs American English GED Acs cates paren 1 Signs nother countries can seem strange and surprising. What do you think ‘these signs mean? Have you any ideas which countries they could be from? TOLL BY D ‘ ws H CAUTION SLEEPING POLICEMEN 2. Work with a partner. Which signs do you think go withthe descriptions in A. and countries in B? Turn to p172 and find out. Do any surprise you? a 8 1 Beware: avalanches — ‘avstrala No swearing Poland Riding whales notalloned fo Speeding endangers cassowaries\ Street food sellers not permitted fra Watch out for car thieves Japan Caution od people crossing Papua New Guinea Steep hl ends in crocodile river “i Skiliftinstruction Ny eae Speed bumps on road ahead ioe Road tollpaid by cence number recognition United Kingdom Chewing betelnuts forbidden United States 2 3 Listen to sx short conversations. After each, discuss which sign is being referred to. Practise some of the conversations with your partner.READING AND SPEAKING Worlds of difference 1 Lookat the map of Papua New Guinea. Where is it? Do you know anything about it? Discuss asa class which facts you think are true, spua New Guinea 1 It has. population of over 1 million 4 milion / 7 milton 2 There are abot 100/ 200/ 7on dilferent tribes. 3 Mbre then 20/ 200/ 800lanquages are spoken inthe county 4 Only 635/ 18%/ 23% the population lve and work in urban areas. 5 Cannibalism was widey practised until the 18205/ 1860s / 1990s 6 ts curency is tho ‘kira’, but segshells/ coconuts { cocoa beans are still used in some transactions 7 {tas administered by Australia until 1945/1975 / 2006 8 The head of state is a bal chief an elecied president the Queen of En TACTILE GGEBB Liston and check. What extra information do you learn? 2 Read the introduction to the article by the investigative journalist Donal MacIntyre. Where are the people? Who are they? Who spluttered? Who almost choked? Why? How does the situation fit the ticle? Priniyour own words 3 Read Part 1 ofthe article about it in your own word 1 Donal Macintyre was traveling the worldin order to when he 2 Headmiced many things about the tribes way of life, for example 3 They were abl to speak English because 4 They were particulrly interested to hear about 5 6 ise the prompts to talk to a partner ‘And despite never having traveled fa before Donal described the group of travellers as 4 Before you read Part 2, work as a class to make alist of six {questions yould most like answered about the Swagup Six trip to London. Then read and sce which of your questions are answered. 5. Are these statements true (/) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. 1 After some initial misgivings, the Swagup Six became bold. 2. Their visit to Britain was in September. 3 Samuel and Christina disapproved of Ameera wearing trousers. 4 They embraced new experiences with enthusiasm and open minds. 5 They were surprised at how small St Paul’ Cathedral was. 6 James came up with his own theory about the construction of the Underground. 7 Donal didn’t ask for an audience with the Queen. He knew it would be futile. 8 The visit would undoubtedly lead to the tribespeople modifying their lifestyles Vocabulary from context 6 Work out the meaning of the BighligHEEd words from their contexts. 42 Unit + Culture clashes eS CULTURE CLASH. eS Mercer eae Pt po Sor ees ean) Ae coe Crea Cie ant ace eye eae asting a knowing glance towards Amee Toa ert ot Tene don soirée, Sarnue eee trong In Pee eaten What do you think? + Which of the Swagup Sis experiences do you think were most surprising or difficult for them? + What can we eam about life from the lives and attitudes of these tibespeople? + What does Samuel mean when he says We all come from the same pot”? + Do you believe that the tribe relly will ang onto its own culture?PART 1 I first met them last year a I travelled the world 10 ‘observe how ancient cultures and tribes were engaging with the evereneroachiing modem world. [lived in their remote village, Swagup, ate their food, shared their shelters, and mined their intimate family secrets ‘The tribe had everything they wanted, The Millage’ witch doctor serviced all medical and spiritual requirements. Everything else ~ fish, boar, fit, building, and hunting materals ~ was gathered fom the jungle. The tribespeople thought of th asa land of plenty ~ a paradise that has provided their livelihood for thousands of years. They had FOBUSE defended their culture against all-comers. Their o eomeesson ws allowing missionaries to school them in basic English, The village schoo! still teaches them the language today ‘The uibespeople revealed themselves to be as curious about my world as [was about theirs. They Bembarded me with questions abot Britain and ou ‘chiet™ Queen, as we ell her, The tribe's own chief, a rather colourful character called Joseph, is elected by majority every five years and carrie supreme authority Sitting in his wooden, these storey palace, the chief ne got ro taking and, to return the overwhelming, hospitality that they bad shorn me, [invited him and his kil to undertake the 12,000-mile journey 10 my home in Wimbledon, south-west London. The tribespeople have never before travelled beyond their local stamping grOud. Making the journey were Josep, Samuel, Christina, Steven and one of his three wives, Delma, and James, Together they made up the Swagup Six, a party of Stone Aze travellers coming to.4 microchip World. T don't know what magic they have in Britain, but Pin about to find out the chiet declared, PART 2 At Heathrow airport, every escalator was met with terror and every lie with suspicion until one of them, usually Steven, an expert crocodile hunter, FentUREE TOAD, followed by the 4, with spears on their backs and bows over their shoulders, the Swagup Six bravely ventured into oar world My guests were fascinated by everyday scenes and situations. They belioved the barren winter trees were dead. The battery-powered cries of my daughter's doll drew shrieks from the women. Samuel ane! Christina ‘were interested in how Ameera and I related to each other, They seemed to suspect it was Ameera who wore the trousers ~ unthinkable in thei ‘world, But whatever Samuel and Christina secretly thought, they maincained a public frone of broad-mindedness, The chiet's guiding principle was: “When in London Nonetheless, some of the capital's rourist spots proved a challenge At the Lonclon Eye, the ribe held congress in the shadow ofthe hug the chief decided thar they should try 10 enjoy the binseye view of London. Whi st ofthe tbe. From Terminal wheel. “Ie not meant for humans, was the consensus, Eventually their caps reached the summit, the chief asked for owe “sprit house to be pointe out. Fie found the great dome of Se Pauls c snarkable not for its grandeur but for its GininuENe ALGRE “In our willage, no building can be bigger chan the spit house) he si However, the London Underground inspired awe. Astouncded by the ‘enormity of the nework, James was convinced the Underground was bile fre, with the rest of Londen built on top later Spirits wore also raised by the prospect of a vsit to Buckingham Palace. Asa tba leader in a Commonwealth countey, Joseph regards himself as the Qucca’s representative, We dutifully put in a cequest for a meeting, but unfortunately st was declined. In is par ofthe world, he is aking. Here sadly, he is just another tours. ‘After our tip 0 London, we spent some tine in Wales, where the p encouncered snow for the fis ime. “This s strange sind thar falls from the sky the chief sid, When will stop” However, they were soon throwing snowballs with piBpOiAW ACSF Their attitude and enthusiasm highlighted for me how BBG we have become, and how indifferent we are to. vworiderfil sights on our own doorstep. The Swagup Six ‘embraced our culture but without fenotiaging an ounce of chi own, The goodoyes at Heathrow were emotional “We come fiom the same pot? Samuel suid, standing beside ‘Christina, What do you most miss from hone? {asked “My second wife? he said without a blink, dhedeal Inour village, no building can be bigger than the spirit house. Unit + Culture clashes 43LANGUAGE FOCUS Ways to avoid repetition ‘There ae several ways to avoid repeating words or phases, 1 Missing words out They wanted us to answer their questions, but we couldn't (answer their questions) What words have been omitted in these sentences? They revealed themselves to bees curious about my world as! was about theirs | thought they would enjay the view of London and they did A present for me? How kind. You shouldn't have. ‘Notice that they end with an auxiliary or modal 2 Reduced infinitives Just fo can be used instead ofthe whole infinitive ‘when the meaning is clear from the context Which words are omitted after oi these sentences? ‘Does the chief advise them?” Yes they expect him to” ‘Did the Queen meet them” No, she didn't. She refused to" ‘Canyou come for dinner? “Yes td love to’ 3 Synonyms in context They hunt crocodiles with spears and stalk wild boar with bows and arrows. The battery powered cries of my daughter’ doll drow shrieks from the women. ‘Were they worried about going? Well, they were ‘obit anxious’ ‘Can you think of synonyms for these words? big. love(y) afraid happy friend >> Grammar Reference p15 44 Unit S » Culture clashes. 1. Fill the gaps in the sentences with an auxiliary ora modal verb. Sometimes you will need to make the verb form negative. 1 Ttvied to repair my car, but I coultnt, It needs a mechanic. 2 ‘You look awful. Why don't you see a doctor?” ‘T He just gave me some pills and told me to take things easy’ 3 ‘Have you read this report?” ‘No, | but 1 4 My car’ being serviced at the moment, Ii Ta give you lift. Sorry. 5 Tm so glad you told Sue exactly what you thought of her, because if you »Tcertainly ‘You haven't been 6 ‘Ithink Pll give Rob a ring” You in touch with him for ages? 7 Twent to a party last night, but I wish | lt was awl, 8 My boyfriend insists on doing all the cooking, but | wish, he itt inedible! 9 ‘Arent you going to Portugal for your holidays?” ‘Well, we , but were still not sure? 10 ‘Andy got drunk at Anne’ party and started insulting everyone! ‘He ! That’ so typical of him’? GEBB Listen and check. 2 Listen to five more short conversations. Complete each response with an auxiliary verb, BD A Yourer my sister tase night! B Yes. did, She thought wed! met before, but we... co 3 Work with a partner. Take turns to read A's remarks and respond as B, using the verbs in brackets and a reduced infinitive. 1 A Can you come round for a meal tonight? B Thanks very much. love to! (love) 2A Did you post my letter? Bo Forget) 3A cant take you to the airport after all. Sorry. Bs agree) 4A Was John surprised when he won? B - (not expect) 5 A Why did you slam the door in my face? Bont meain} 6 A. You'll be able to enjoy yourself when the exams fin B (intend) GHB isten and compare, Practise again.Synonyms 5. Read the thesaurus explanations ofthese four near synonyms for leader leader - chief, head, captain, boss {A chia ~2 leader or ruler of people. person of highest rank: army, industry, police. ‘The head! the person in cherge ofa schoo, college or other organization, eed cf slate. ceptain ~ the person in charge oa Ship. Leade oa sports team. A boss ~ the person in chaise of thes at work (heal Wo ee bos tou marrage? Find synonyms or near synonyms for these words. Put them into sentences to illustrate their differences in meaning. beautiful laugh hate argument enemy Smita ene Sometimes, from fine to Time, now and again, occasionally, at times 1 vich (cl never been given this Thesaurus. 4 Fill the gaps with a word that hasa similar meaning to the word in italics. Sometimes the word class changes, e.g. from noun to verb, as in question 1. 1 Idont trust this government. I have no faith in them whatsoever. She is not only a skilled painter, she is also a(n) piano player. 3. Advertisements are not allowed to lie, but they us in many 4 subtle ways 1 GERD Listen and read the sentences. Notice all the ways of expressing things. 4 Chess is a game of tactics. You have ‘that are or are not in common, to plan your well in Things in common Things different advance, Mark's been to America, and so have | He's tried windsurfing, but I haven't. 5 The doctor looked at my notes Helikes traveling andtdo,too, | He comes fomabig fami but Ident. carefully, then gave me a He doesnt speak Russian, and neither | He didnt see the football match, examination dol but Idd. ™ He isn't married, and nor am 1 He hasnt been to Australia. | have, 6 Hehe as genpincbebicefebnns Hecate andteatathe | though being late. It really me. 7 Its very important that you don't tell | 2. Work with a partner Ask questions and make notes of things that you do or don't anyone. In fact, it’s 8 Skiing can be dangerous, but Llike to | (4 eee rc.P take a few : 2 id you see... (fl) ? 9 She wasn’t scared at all by the dog, ' Have youread... ? but I was 10 You've managed to persuade me 13 Report back to the lass about each other. (Mia has never been to Peru, and neither have. Your argument is most Unit S + Culture clashes. 45LISTENING AND SPEAKING Found in translation 1 Read about Alan Dein, How does he get the real-life stories for his programme? Why do you think itis called Don’? Log Off? Who features inthis programme? How did they mect? Don’t Log Off Alan Dein is an oral historian and broadcaster. In his BBC Radio 4 programme Don't Log Off, he discovers the real life stories behind online profiles on Facebook. Stat ig with nothing but the profile, he contacts the people on the Internet. The results are intriguing, funny, and often very moving, In this programme, Alan hears the story of Bryan from Boise, Idaho, in the USA and Anna from Russia, who met online. Anna decides to move to the USA with her children — will things work out? 2 (GERD Listen to Part 1 of the programme. When Alan talks to Bryan, he makes comments aside to his radio audience, Read some of his asides and answrer the questions. 1 But this was more than a typical online romance. Why is it not typical? How do Bryan and Anna solve their particular problem? The next time heid been to visit Anna in Russia. How does Bryan describe the visit? 3. Six months later. Bryan had some big news for me. ‘What was the nevis? What is the deadline connected with this news? 4. spoke to Bryan at the airport. Why is Bryan at the airport? Wi Why do they stop the phone call? 5 It was then I had an idea. What was Alan’ ideo? 6 Then I received a rather worrying message. Really big news. ‘What do you think the news is? Give reasons for your are his emotions? ideas and how it might affect Alan's plan. 3 GED Lis 1 What has happened? Were your ideas correct? 2 What reasons does Bryan give for the ‘big news? 3. ‘The clock is ticking, Bryan’ What does Alan mean by this? 4 What does Alan decide to do? 5 What does he learn from Bryan about Ani n to Part 2 as life in the USA? 46 Unit S + Culture clashes What do you think? + What was Annas dally life in Amercatke? Why didnt she go out muck? + How oid Bryan treat her? + Wil Bryan and anna marry? + Wil Anna and her children return to Russia? 4 GERD Listen to Part 3. Say what happens. What is Alaris surprise? Tell it in your own words. Discussion + Explain the ttle Found in translation. + Are you optimistic or pessimistic about Bryan and Annas futures? What about Annas children? + What are the pros and cons of marrying someone with a lfferent language and culture? Aquiz 5 Turn to pl72 and do the quia. How good a are youVOCABULARY AND LISTENING Nationalities and stereotypes 1 Complete the chart of nationality words. Use your dictionary ifnecessary COUNTRY | ADJECTIVE PERSON. NATION LANGUAGE(S) Betain Baitsh Brion’, aBrit™ the British Eralsh, Welsh, Gale Scotland Switzerland The Netherlands Belgium Sweden Denmark Poland Finland iceland Spain Turkey New Zealand ‘Mghanistan Argentina Peru * Used mainly about ancien Britons snd in newspaper reports, eg. “Two Britons injured. “Informal and can sound negative Listening 2 ERD Listen to four people talking about their experiences of living in another country. What nationality are they? | Where arethey? What cultural differences do they mention? 1 r 3 4 Tal 1 about stereotypes, 3 Work in small groups. Choose a few nationalities that you know. First describe them in stereotypical fashion, and then discuss how much your experience of them fits the stereotype. (The Engish have areputation ) (Actually, most of my English | forbeing cold ara recerved. | | triendc are very outgoing, they .. English weather is atu i's ) ( That's aroyth The last major ‘pea-scuper’ _alwaye foggy, andthe food ic aegueting. | | or ‘cmag'wae M1452 ... and the food 4 What is nationality’s stereotype? Are you like that? D> WRITING Describing similarities and differences — Comparing two countries pil}THE LAST WORD British and American English 1 Read two conversations, Which is British English? Which is American English? Work with a partner. Note all the differences you can find Who's the package for? A Who the parcel for? Nancy —itsher birthday on the weekend. __B_ Nancy ~ ts her birthday atthe weekend. Yeah, I know: What did you get her? A Yeah, [ know. What have you got her? A beautfil, brown, leather parse B A beaut, brown, leather handbag. Awesome! She'lllove it.I gother a gorgeous A. Fabulous! She'lllove it. I've got her a lovely cashmere sweater cashmere jumper. B She’ a lucky girk I want to mall itt0 her B Shes lucky girl. 1 want to post it to her. Do you have her address? Have you got her address? A. Ido, but | dorit have the zip code, A. Ihave, but l havent got the postcode. ee == > : \ 2 GERD Listen and check. Compare the differences in pronunciation. 3 Listen and read the following conversations in American English. iy to convert them into British English, 1A Do youtave the time? 5. A Did you see Meryl Streeps new movie yer? B Yeah it five after four. B_Sure thing She was awesome in it. She ‘A Did you say five til? played this homely, old woman who ited B No, five after four around in her bathrobe all day. 1A Yeah, she a great actor What are you gonna do on the weekend? Thesal stuff Pay soccer with mykids | 6 A Did they bring the check yet? and ake the yard B Yeah. They ust cd, But I cant read thing Isso badly lit inhere. You needa flashlight o> 3A Didyou havea good vacation? B Yeah, eal good 7 A Do weneed to stop for gas? ‘A How long were youaway? B Sure do! Anynays, Ineedto use the B Five daysin all. Monde thru Friday bathroom. 4 Where do you lve? @ A Didyou enjoy the ave? B Wehavea small apartment onthe fist 1 Yeah, twas great, but we had to standin floor ofan apartment building downtown, tine forfean hour to get tickets 1A Do youhave a yard? B No, we doit just parking lat around thebback 4 GERD Listen and compare your ideas 5. What is the British English for these wordst Use your dictionary to help, freeway garbage cookie drugstore closet__potato chips pants faucet___sidewalk windshield elevator fall(n) Do you know any more American English words or expressions? 48 Unit S * Culture clashes' Fruits of war Ways of adding emphasis © Tense review Nouns from phrasal verbs * Keeping the peace (GRID Bletchley Park 1 Look back in history. How many wars can youname? Who was fighting who? 1 2. Workin groups. Read the quotations and discuss what you think they mean, ‘Try to match them with their sources. Compare ideas as a class. YO are BN crac? ray © ‘trappiness lies in conquering one’s enemies, in driving them in front of oneself, in taking their property, in savouring their despair, in outraging their wives and daughters.” por Porc ‘you shall show no mercy: life for life, ee eye for eye, tooth for tooth. © ‘Resist not evil: but whosoever shall strike thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other. © ‘war does not determine who is right, only who is left.” EG “the tragedy of modern war is that the young men die fighting each other, instead of their er) ieee ene real enemies back home in the capitals.” : @ ‘no one is born hating another person because of the ao ‘colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can he taught to love.” Albert Einstein, oh 'T know not with what weapons World War IIL will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. Ps _ ieee © ‘in war, truth is the first casualty. ison Mandela, Se ‘Mankind must put an e before war puts a Er en anarchist (1927-1989) 3 Listen and check your answers. What extra information do you hear for each one? 4 What do you know of any conflicts in the world at the moment? Why do you think human beings continue to wage wars against each other? Can violence ever solve conflicts? Unit 6 + Fruits of war 49READING AND SPEAKING When good comes from bad 1 War may be violent and destructive, but it can also generate some things that are worthwhile. Work in groups. Look at the four headings below. ‘Technology Medicine Politics Society Use them to list some possible good things that have come out of war. Discuss ideas with the class. 2. Read through the texts quickly. Did you think of any of the things mentioned? Make a note of one important or interesting fact from each topic. Compare your ideas with your group. 3 Read the texts again, Look at the words below. Which heading do they go with and ‘what is said about them? refrigerators thehorse grafts conscription twitches dress codes 4 Answer the questions. 1 What did Adam Hochschild get right and Douglas Haig get wrong? 2 What differences are there between the medical understanding of shell shock’ thea and now? 3 Which two breakthroughs led to blood banks? Why was the death rate still hi 4. What were the two main things that impacted on the lives of the upper classes? 5. How did women’s lives change after World War I? Why is there still debate about this? 6 What part did the trenches in World War | play in the development of plastic surgery? Ki your own words 5 What do these numbers refer to? {6500000 30 and 1944 1901 80,000 1980 What do you think? ‘+ Which of the six ‘lasting legacies’ do you believe are most important? Why? + Which would have come about without war? ‘What difference did the war make? ‘+ Why does war often lead to rapid progress? 50 Unit 6 + Fruits of war ‘Word war 1914-1918) was supposed tobe the war to end all ‘wars, butt was in fact the beginning of al modern conflicts. The new technology thet reached the betilefields forever changed the way that armies fought It could ee be ergued thet technology had always played en Important part in war, bt previousiyithiad not been so sophisticated, and above all, so destructive, However, it wasn't only armoured tanks, high-powered machine guns, and aerial bombardment, as Adam Hochiscild describes in his essay, To End All Wars, the mest important innovation ofall was the barbed wie fences, the most unassuming weapon used. twhiat batted wire cid was prevent direct charges on the ‘men in the trenches. Hochschild gotit rit, unlike Dougles Haig, the ‘commanier of the Brtisn forces in France. Helg sad," Dellove that the Yalue of the horse and the opportunity for the horse in the future are likely to be as great as ever. Aeroplanes and tanks are only accessories {0 the men and the horse’ As on so many other cccasions, he could nat have been more mistoken. SNITION OF PTSD OR ‘SHELL SHOCK’ Psychological victims of war ere as old as war itself “The Bible the Greeks, and shakespeare all tell us tis. But it wasn't until World War | that science begen to lunderstand this properly and give the kind of. diagnoses that ere farmila tous today. During the ‘war, mecics stil thought that ‘shel snock’, as it was known, was down to the physical impact of tery explosions. But gradually enother theory Degan to form: that 2what caused the pecuilar symptoms exhibited by huge numbers of soldiers (0,000 in the British army alone) ware emotional, ‘not physical, stress factors ~ in particulay, the: proximity to death and the hideous sight of watching a friend - or enemy - meet a gruesome end ‘Traumatized soldiers shered many common symptomsystich as speech aificulties, twitches, anxiety, and digestive disorders, *The thing doctors. found batfing was that these symptoms persisted long after the war was finished! t wasnt unt over 60 years later, in 1980, inthe aftermath of the Vietnam war, that this affliction would be formally recognized as Post-Treumatic Stress Disorcer,The frst blood links, cal tblood depots’, were set up by Oswald Hope Robertson, 2 medical scientist nd US army (Officer, while saving in France in 1917 lust betore the wer, ln 1914, ithad been discovered that transfused Diood could be prevented from clotting if mbied ‘with sodfum citrete nthe same year it wes established that blood could be stored in rofigerators. These two huge breakthroughs, paved the way for Robertson's ‘blood depots. Prior 1 this, blood ‘trersfusions had had to be made vein ta vein, directly from donor to patient, Medics used the ‘preserved blood at casualty stations for wounded solders, However, survival rates were not good Decause “ore vital thing they had overlooked was the importance of blood groupings (three blood groups, A 8 and O, had been identified in Vienna in 1901 by an Austrian, Karl Landstoiner Nevertheless, he wartime acvances ed 10 a hlood.donor service being established in London in 1922. Here all volunteers were tested for blood group and screened for diseases. someting tat nistarers . single over show much World war iperated women, "= inealty woren's work was ‘alrescy on the rise before 1914, ‘anctonce the var wes over many, women went back o their old joo. However, withour doure women successfully caied cuta huge number of tractionaly masculine roles during the war. nd witout oun, some of tho post-war fashions, such asthe lapper garcone (ile boy ook, flew nthe fece of pre-war feminine dress cots Algo, crucially it was afer the war that women in certain counties echieved the most important paca’ right the rgnt to vote. n Great akan they couid vote from the age of 30 in 1918: in Germany they coud vote in 1919; n tho USA women could vote in al states from 1920, ut In France, not unt 194g, towers the end of world Wari ae se a OF ARISTOCRACY World war | had a devastating imoact onthe Britsh upper ‘asses The Sons ofthe Bj aristocracy fortunate enough to Gop ssnwve 0 war reumes to find the piace in society no longer automaticaly 855460. Their numbers were ceveroy reduced —even tho prine minister's son was led, This meant that nthe immediate post-war period, those who hed been expected to become leaders ff Pertcuaty n patties ane business — were no longer tere “BROKEN FACES’ — THE FIRST PLASTIC SUL Tclaiag Modern surgery was born in World ar | clvi and miltary hospitals acted as theatres of exoerimental medical intervention and the outbreak ‘of var changed the course of plastic surgery forever. Trench warfare meant that the head and the face were especially exposed to enemy fre and received extensive trauma wounds, Countless veterans Survived the war, but paid the price by encing up maimed, : There was aso a fall Inthe number of thase wiling to work es mutilated, and disfigured, These were the so-called oroken BREED) thei servans.istery professor Joanna Bourke soy, 'n the past, faces’, named ator an oxpression coined in Franco by Colona the sorvant class in upper middle-class homes were those people ‘Yves Picat, president of the Union des blesses de a face et ce whose family tradition wes to work there, When someone left, the [IMM /@ téte, which wes founded in 1921 By the end of hostiltes, there wore about 65 milion war invalids in France. Surgeons from the warring countries faced a considerable flood af these ‘broken faces', and were charged. ‘with giving them human features again, to ease the plignt of their reintegration into civ life, Missing flesh an bone were Covered up with grafts, an innovation that came about by using skin from other paris of the body cook woussrecommend er nece anc tht n longer nappened” ‘) The intecuction of conscrinton had turned a professional amy into a civifan one. New officers could nowy come from humble Jj, ackgrounds and, Ike the many thousands of emancioated women, they were not prepared to abendon the possiblity of social aavancement that the war had brought tnam and go back to being shopkeepers end serventsLANGUAGE FOCUS Ways of adding emphasis 1 These sentences are similar to lines found in Lasting legacies on pp30-51. Check them with the lines in the texts. How exactly do they differ? What is the ffect of the differences? + "Barbed wire prevented diect charges on the men in the trenches + Emotional, not physical stres factors caused the pecular symptoms exhibited by huge numbers of solders. + "Doctors found it baffling that these symptoms persisted long after the war was finshed. + “They overlooked the importance of blood groupings. + Sistorians still rangle over how much World War liberated women, Structures which add emphasis (1) a | hate the waste of human life in war, (base sentence) What 2 stacwasie offov. The thing PE abou Wars the waste of human fe t's the waste of human life that l hate. bb War changes /The war char ple’ lives forever. dpe (base sentences) What The thing wardoes is | change people’ lives $B Listen and repeat the sentences so they sound bb Grammar Reference pi50 2 ‘en and identify the ways in which the speakers add emphasis to these sentences. Work with a partner. Can you think of any other ways of emphasizing each sentence? 1 I carit stand Bruce, He's so fall of himself. His lack of self-awareness amazes me. You dont appreciate how exhausting travelling i. ‘The number of security checks drive me mad. ‘The customs officer behaved so rudely. This upset me. 6 All the nurses were very sympathetic. I appreciated this. 7 You are always late. This really annoys me. 8 You should talk to Peter. Read the question and answer below. Rephrase the ansiver to make it sound more emphatic using the expressions below. What kind of holiday do you ike? A tke touting historic sites. 1 One thing .. 2 What I 3 Touring historic sites... 4 61 the different responses? Practise them with your partner, paying particular attention to the stress and intonation.Structures which add emphasis (2) 1 Negative inversion Certain negative expressions can be put at the begining ofa sentence for emphasis. This happens more often in written or formal English. Wve never seen NE Never have I seen ae Reine such clea explanations Ifa been ore N2_yomen would nt have got the vote 2 Emphatic do, does, id Finally the war ended. Finally, the war did end. Listen and repeat the sentences so they sound emphatic >> Grammar Reference ppI50-151 4. Complete the sentences to make them more emphatic. 1 You don't often hear any good news in news bulletins. Rarely —____. 2 Churchill was a strong wartime leader and a brilliant orator. Not oniy 3 I didn't know what he'd been up to, Litile 4 You won't get that job with an attitude like that Amo way 5 Fighting broke out as soon as the demonstration started, No sooner than 6 Now Tunderstand why you were so worried Orbenow 7 IeThadat seen it with my own eyes, I woulda have believed it. Had 8 You won't find a better heart specialist anywhere. Nowhere Talking about you 5 Complete the remarks about you using an emphatic structure, Share ideas with the class. 1 Something I've never told you is. (that mactualla secret agent What [can't stand about ... What always surprises me is ‘The thing that annoys me most ... Its not me who ... ‘What the government should .. Never in my life have I What [did after class yesterday GERD Listen and compare your ideas. NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW. Pres Pronunciation: using stress to empha: a ‘Work with a partner. What do youthinkis the main | stressed word in each of BS replies? 1A Peterhasrit told anybody | B Hetoldme. 2A | hope you did't tell Clara B didn't tell anyone. 3A | invited Anna, but she isn't coming. B | told you she wouldn't. 4A Who told Tim about it? B l'veno idea. | didn't tell anyone. 5 A John won't like it when you tell him. B ifttell him. 6 A Itsthe worst fim Ive ever seen, | B Tellme about it! 7 A He dumped me. B | told you he would! 8A Have you heard the oke about the old man and his dog? | B I told you it! (ERED issten and check Practise with partner. Unit 6 + Fruits of war 53LISTENING AND SPEAKING Peace and goodwill 1. What do you know about the First World War? How do people generally view it today? 2 GERD isten to Pare 1. tes an extract from a musical play called Oh, What a Lovely War! 1 Who is fighting who? What nicknames do the two sides have for each other? 2 Where are they standing? What two things do they hear? 3 What is surprising about the interaction between these enemy soldiers? 4 The scene depiets the beginning of the so-called ‘Christmas trace; which took place on Christmas Eve in the first year of the war. ‘What do you think happened next? 3 Graham Williams and Harold Startin fought in WWT and were on sentry duty on that Christmas Eve. Many years later they recorded their experiences that night. Listen to Part 2, How is their account similar to the scene in the play? What is no-man’s land? Maou o1e words 4 Use the prompts to tel the story to a partner. 1 On the stroke of eleven o'clock lights... and people started 2 Graham thought this was... so he woke 3 Eventually both sides started communicating, by.» 4. Next morning everyone 5. Harold says that he made friends with . despite . 6 ‘They helped each other in many ways, for example, they... 5 How long do you think the truce lasted? Listen to Part 3 and find out, Answer the questions. 1 Who was John Brench? 2 What was the significance of the rifle shots? 3. Who was Otto? What do you think? + Doyou find the story depressing or uplifting? Or both? Why? + Doyou think that commancing officers could become fiiendsin the same way? + Could suchan incident happen in modern conflicts? not, why not? 54 Unit 6 = Fruits of war Tense review ‘Complete the summary of the story with a verb from below in the correct tense and form, active or passive bela) believe borrow bury conduct make geen happen help joinin last meet sing (2) strengthen take place visit —_wake The Christmas Truce The war * had been gong on for only a few months when on Christmas Eve 1914, an extraordinary event? {At midnight, the sleeping British soldiers 2 by the sound of carols * inthe German trenches. They immediately > ‘with English carols and soon both sides, together. The next morning they all 7 inmno-mar's land, and in a very short time, many friendships * Not only?, they to bury each other's dead, but often German and British soldiers, » together in the same grave. Tools also from each other, and defences #2 ‘There vas no fear or suspicion on either side. there >. fear, such a truce “4 never alifetime. dea for many years now, Incredibly, some friendships * Harold startin, who ¥, regularly during his life by his friend otto, from Stuttgart. Nowadays, it? generally that such a truce 2_impossibie. Most modenn warfare %__ fom the ait. DD WRITING Writing for talking — Researching a period in history pIVOCABULARY Nouns formed from phrasal verbs 1 There are many compound nouns formed with averb + reposition or + verb combination. At the outbreak of war was just three yeors old These breakthroughs paved the way forthe blood depots. Here isan update on the news. The health system i suffering from cutbacks in its budget. Wihich sjlable stressed in these words? 2 Some ofthese nouns operate as phrasal verbs, and some dont: Hojoined the army the year war broke out. Funds allocated to research ar development have been severelycut back. ‘There sno verb to date up but theres to update: ‘update you on the situation. 1 Complete the sentences with a compound noun formed from up at the end of the words in the box below. back shake hold | something used for support if the main one jails At the end of a day’ writing, I make a copy of my work as a 2 a careless mistake that spoils a plan There was an administrative emails werer't sent in time. and the 3 a situation in which a lot of changes are made There’ been a big. at work. They've fired six managers and restructured the whole company. 4 adelay Sorry for the nga few technical hitches with our software today. Wy dat atnayc oe Ege 2 Complete the sentences with a compound no\ using the word in bold as the first word, Use the definitions to help. out 1 the final result of an election, or negotiations ‘We are all waiting for the of the meeting, 2 aset of clothes worn together She bought a new for the wedding. 3 what is expected to happen in the future ‘The for tomorrow's weather is bleak 4 a shop or company through which products are sold Starbucks has retail in ll the major cities throughout the world. take 5 ameal you buy in a restaurant to eat at home Shall we eat out or get a 1 6 getting control of a company by buying most ofits shares Business sections of newspapers are full of company mergers and - down 7 information obtained from the Internet For free. , click here. 8 failure or ruin following success She had a great career, but alcohol was her i 9 a lot of rain that falls fast and heavily { got soaked in yesterday's break 10 new and dramatic development ‘There have been great in the last 20 years. {n organ transplants LL a serious mental illness After his mother died, Paul suffered a complete nervous, 12 end of a relationship Sarah was very depressed after the. ‘marriage to Tony. of her 3 Choose some of the words in the box. Use a dictionary if necessary and write a definition and an example sentence with a gap. Test other students, setback upkeep lockout. comeback showdown —uptum. write-off drawback outburst knockout __offshoot Unit 6 + Fruits of war $5THE LAST WORD Keeping the peace 1 Weall have arguments, Look quickly through the four conversations, What are the people arguing about? ‘We should have tured left there Look! Who civing this car? The satnay said ‘right. ‘A Lo these streets bettor than any satav. BP The satnavis never wrong. ‘A Huh! You dont believe that any more than do. 8 Weel, Lamnot turing ound. ‘A OK,OK wetelate, But dont blame meif @ A thaven'ta cue who to vote for in the next election. They are all a load of w... B utyouvegettovote We ant letthe other ot as ‘Theyre all as bad as each other. be Letthe other lot in and taxes will rocket and prices wil. Corer That happens vith al of hem «shall we? You and I mustrt fll ‘out over this. Pot that thing down! un? You spend your ife infront ofa screen Hey! Hang ona minute -® You ‘never go anywhere without your iPad and iPhone. Yeah, but Im not always checking them. Youve lost the at of conversation, B Ihave not!” A Wiel Ive been teling you about my day and you havent heard a word. Uh? Somy— what dd you say? ere > 56 Unit 6 = Fruits of war 2. We use many expressions in arguments to agree, disagree, and sometimes to compromise and make peace. Which of these expressions disagree? Which, seek to make peace? ‘ couldrit disagree more. Haveit your own way. Thats nothovrl see it. You do not! Lots just agree to disagree I suppose... {really take offence at that. look who talking! ‘Ym sure we can finda happy medium. 3 Work with 2 partner. Complete the conversations with the expressions from exercise 2. Read them aloud to each other. (GERD Listen and check. Act out some of the Conversations to the class 4 With your partner, create an argument about one of these topics. Try to reach a compromise or make peace at the end. choosing a holiday the others boysetfiend which fm to see ‘hat to cook for friends ‘whichis best ~ book or reader? anitem in the newsLighten up! Real and unreal tense usage ® Phrasal verbs with on and off Look on the bright side GRID Caatfitilire »7 1 Graffiti can sometimes lighten up everyday life. Workin pairs, ‘Where in public might you read the signs in +12? Match them with ‘the graffiti written on them in a-l. Which id you find the funniest? 2 Look atthe examples of works by the graffiti artist Banksy. What point do you think he’ trying to make ‘with them? Which do you find most amusing? Why? 1 Keep death off te roads! 2 Parking area 2B 3. These toilets will be closed on Monday. 4. Fly British Airways. Breakfast in London, Lunch in New York. 5 Don’t drink and 6 Have you seen the Tower of Londen? 7 This door is alarmed. 8 No smoking 9 Beware of the dog! 10 Passengers are requested not to cross the fines. ,.2 SAY NO TO GRAFFITI! Il Headache? Nothing acts faster than Anadin. unless you're on fire, Please dort startle any further. The ca’ wet terrbly trustworthy wter, It takes hours to untangle them afterwards ‘Sign a partition! Youtt spit $0 lake nothing instead, Drive om the pavement, Dr not 28 Laggage in Nairobi Please rel to Lost and Found, Please do as ech 26 ou can today EgREADING AND SPEAKING How to be happier 1 What changes would you most like to make in your life in order to be happier? What do you think are the most common causes of unhappiness? 2. Read the captions in the pictur sections 1-7 are about? Read th What do you think text quickly and chi 3. Read the text again. Which sections talk about ...? 1 having a negative view of your own performance 2. concentrating on the good things in your life right now benefitting from difficult experiences speaking going on in your mind making your body feel better imagining the future PP inyyour own words 4 Use the prompts to summarize each section of the text 1 self-criticism / useful / constant / human / qualities 2 compare / others / better / deceptive / inside / same 3. capitalism / expectations / unrealistic /csstistied / real. 4 meaning to / nagging / do-t lst / ite changes / regret /leam 5 past / lock forward / present / mindfuness/ chatter 6 moan/ problems / accept /dffcut / natural / opportunities 5. Find words or phrases in the text which mean 1 keep talking about your weaknesses or faults (section 1) 2. admit thet you recognize something is true (1) 3. view behaviour in a hard and unforgiving way (1) 4 not what they seem to be (2) 5 givea high opinion of you enthusiastically (2) 6 constantly demand you do something (4) 7 a responsibility that weighs heavily on you (4) 8 worrying about a decision for a long time (4) 9 feel hetter after bad experience (4) 10 complain about things in an annoying way (6) GEHAB Listen to cight people talking. Which of the words or phrases describe what they say? What do you think? + Wihich advice inthe text do you agree or disagree with? Why? + What other advice would you give to people to make theit les happier? + Isthere someone youknow orhave met who's made you fet ‘mare postive about life? How? + When were the times you felt happlesin if (so fr)? Why? Db WRITING Informal writing A letter to my younger self plé 58 Unit7 + Lighten up! WAYS MAKE TO YOURSE ya HAPPIER i Seltoctsm has its uses; onthe whole, i's betler tobe abit tox selfritcal ather than not selcrtcal enough’ But when tht voice in your hea bout your fallngs, you do reed to challenge it Lets face it if someone ese were as constantly and savagely rtcal Cf cur behaviour ee we ourselves canbe, we'd tll them to back of Remind yoursef that you're dang your best erd you're only human, tel that voice that you'd be able to take its crtcisms more seriously fithad ever acknenwledged some of your good qualities! goes on and or Be lender to others, too. Its easier to forgive if you remamber that ‘generaly people enon not what they do’. We often judge people harshly to make ourselves fool betty, but t actually eucks all the joy cut of our relatonships DOT ce aI with other people's outsides. | This is often ono ofthe main reasons wore 60 hard on curselvos; we think other people are managing their ves so much better than we are. But you never know what's relly going on behind the pparsona that other poopie project, end you've probably seen the ‘shook others often show if you reveal o them how you realy feel side, Appearances can be ¢o deceptvel ‘You might think al those confident people in that mooting at work wouldn't be singng your praises now if they'd krown haw anxious youwere feeling et the tme, ater a sleepless right worrying about t all. Well, vt if those other peeple were fecing exactly the same ~ wwould you have know?We asked positive psychology experts to share their favourite insights into Ringe cat atniet yeu a CO RUN Ane Tia Tee EN ey ae OE oT ee They just appreciate what they have. Consumer capitalism encourages us to focus on what we don't have, It cen be goad to have our expectations reed, but there is @ formu that states that happiness = realty mnus expectatone. It constant advertising makes us wish we had things that we have no realstc chance of gating, the end recut is unhappiness, ‘They sey you don't mise what you don't know IFonly you hadn't ‘seen that sold-out pasta dish onthe restaurant's Specials” board It wouldn't have occured to you then to feel dissatisfied with the sh you ordered! Adverts like to tall us what we're missing and the satisfaction & would brng us f only we had tH might, but then cp, it ight not, Remnrrber, sal imoginary; don't ot it detract you from the pleasures ofthe real thins you do have S| Agni) NF How many ings ee there nthe beck of your mind that you need to 0. but haven’ dor? How lng ine you been meaning to th broken doo recy ote ema? Nace what a naga burden these must ee at some le. No tne todo then? But how long woud some of tem rely ake! Been to ed? Wel fel how tring iti to have them henging over you, and romomber the energy lit you get when you finally cross something off your dost ist. Just do kt fre thare fxg changes in lite you've been putting off? Maybe you're afizid you'd regret them, but we regret fang to do things more than we regret havrg done them; at lest we then leam fom things gong vwrong, which s beter than agonizing over what might have happened if wo hed dono something. And anyray. our worries about nogative putcomes are usually exaggerated Lel youself be pessimist, anc imagine the worst that coud happen, Wouldn't yo. How much ofthe time is our mind Jon the past or future rather than the here and now? Even locking forward to something a bx, which seems posit, can toke us any from the potential happiness of present moment, As the musican Héléne Grimau puts i, Waiting for arything to hegpen, womrying that something may, or wishing that something had not happened, or wil not happen, steals from every and now precious moment are ving in now and now . forever Try 2 smple mindfulnoss exercise for bacoming present. Sit upright and telex your body, Fom your fet to your head. Then, listen to the sounds around you. You'l nd yourso¥ ethor listening to the constant chatter inyour hed instead, busy with the past and future, or realy listening 10 the sounds and becoming stil, and prosent & People often complain ebout thar problems ee they shout’ exit, es ‘having a problem isa reason to be unhappy. The Road Less Traveled, by M. Scott Pock, cine with the Ine, ‘Lio fe ifiou’ It sounde gloomy, but Peck explain that once we tay accept the fact that ie is dificult, it stops being so, because we see problems a8 natural and actualy as ‘opportunities for growth. t's the people who won't accept ths thet make their ves miserable, As Peck says Most do not fly see this truth that Ife is cfcut. Instead, toy moan more or less incessant, noisily oF subly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and ther dffcullie, ae fife were gereraly ean, e life should be eany TMT a SkyLANGUAGE FOCUS Real and unreal tense usage 1 Which sentences describe possible tuations in the ral werid? Which describe unreal ones? 4 [If gotothe gym straight from the office, forget al about work probiers b If you decide you want to oina gyi, 1M take ‘you to visit mine. © If there was a gym near my house, join 4 I would have gone to the gym today if hadn't been 0 tre. Whats the real situation inthe unreal ‘evarnples? How do the tenses in those examples reflect the unreality? 2 Look at other examples of unreal situations. What is the realty? What tenses are used? | wish dint ve here. If only | hadht moved. I wish yout speak more slowly, Suppose yougot ill It’s time yougot some health insurance. He tals as if he knew everything 1d rather Harry didnt come to my party. Which two ofthese uses of wsh ae corect? Correct the wrong ones. | wish you would be taller. | wish had blonde har | wish would find a better ob! | wish you would stop taking so much! >> Grammar Reference pplSI-152 1 These sentences all have verbs in the Past ‘Simple or Past Perfect. Which refer to real past time? 1 Suppose | decided to live in Brazil? 2 If we ever had money as children, we spent it on sweets. 3 Td rather yout! not told everyone my news. 4 Isn't it time we had a break? 5 Everyone agreed that shel just got lost and ‘would arrive before long, 6 wish you didrit have to go. 7 He behaves as if he owned the place. 8 Had he known the truth, he would never have signed the contract. 9 My mother would abways make cakes for ‘our birthdays. 10 She looked at me as if fd gone mad. 60 Unit7 + Lighten up! 2. Discuss whether the sentences are correct. Correct the wrong ones. 1 Lwish you would have asked me before buying that picture, 2 Helooks as ifhes French. 3. Ifwe were warned about the flood, we would have moved everything upstairs. 4 Ta rather you wouldn't have put that photo on Facebook. 5 If only she could have got tickets for the final! 6 wish you didr’t interrupt when I'm talking! 7 we didr’t have to work at the weekend, we would often go sailing, 8 Itstime you get a haircut. ‘Mixed conditionals {In Zero, Fst, Second, and Third Conditional sentences, both clauses are often ina set patter of present, past, or future. However, mixed conditional cen Contain various combinations of time periods. If you'd read the instructions, you wouldn't be finding it shard to use (past) (present) {'d take you to the aitport tomorrow if my car hadn't broken down, (past) 3. What are the time periods in the clauses in these examples? You'd have more appetite if you hadrit eaten that chocolate. I my exams weren't coming soon, Td have come out with you all Pd have applied for that job in Florence if I spoke Italian. wouldnt be going to Bali if I hadn't won that money, If we hadn't called off the wedding, weld be celebrating our anniversary next Monday. 4 Complete the sentences as mixed conditionals, using the correct tense or verb form of the verbs in brackets. iL (give) Dave a lift again tomorrow if he (not make) fun of my car this morning, 2 Ifyou. (not sit) in that café when I walked in, we (not live) together now. 3 If Karl (be) born a week earlier he (start) school next week! 4 We (buy) that house right now ifthe previous owner (not paint) it pink! 5 ft (not have) bad eyesight, (train) as apilot after [eft college. ot (post) Gilly’s birthday present yesterday if] (not visit) her next week GHBB Listen and check5. Will and Zoe are having a row in a hotel. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct verb form. Where there is no veri given, use an auxiliary. SOL Toe will Toe will Toe will Toe Urgh! This hotels horrible! wish we! (not come) here. ve never seen sucha city place in my te (ot be) so bad ifthe bathroom *__[be) lean, butt" (be filthy. p (pot even wash my socks in it. know, but wed been driving for hour and |* (want to stop. fe” «there might'thave been another hotel for miles, and we* (sil drive Iwishwe? (set off earlier, s0 we” (Get) to Cornwall today. We ® (not get) there tll ‘tomorrow lunchtime nove told you well need to leave in the ‘morning, but you" (ister! {had to finish some important work this morning. If . swe (can eave aries Then we®, (sit)inanice hotel on the coast instead of ‘his dump inthe middle of nomere Anyway, time we ® (have) something to eat. i (not be) solate,1*. (suggest) looking fora pub that does food, but guess we (ave to eat here. | wish we ® it” (Ge)anful. tm sure, (Oh, Iwish you {stop} moaning! (Ok, fm sory. guess were both tired. Come on, let’ start enjoying the weekend! GERBB ster and check. Practise the conversation with a partner. Pay atter to shart forms and contractions. would ‘Would appears in real as wel as unreal tense usage. Look at these examples. a Samwon the lottery in 204 Little did he realize he would be bankrupt two years later. 'b My parents would often take us camping ashds. Itried to persuade her not to marry Ethan, but she woulda isten, ‘Which sentences ab, o ¢, express .2 + apast habit + refusal on a past occasion + the future in the past D> Grammar Reference p53 6 Which of these sentences describe real situations? Which use of would is expressed in them? 1 My car wouldnt start, so I got the bus, 2 I wouldnt use that milk if were you - it smells a bit funny. 3. When I wasa student, [Y often get up at 12.00. 4 In Paris, Charles met Penny, who he would marry five years liter, 5 Tim glad he didn't ask me to lend him the ‘money. I would have refused. 6 Weld go windsurfing every weekend in Cyprus. Those were the days! 7 Sohe took the job, did he? I knew he would! 8 Ideally I would go to the gym more often, but I just don't have time. Match the tines. a B 1 There isnt very much, | a if ever I saw one. 2 Werarely, b Asif 3 Hesabomtoser | if mot exactly enthusiastic 4 You should findmy | d If so, you should definitely house easily byit 5 Joseemed interested |e if any, chicken inthis inthe idea, sandwich ~it all salad 6 Seeifthat dress fits | F if ever, watch reality TY you shows. 7 Creepy Colin asked | g Hf not, give me aring and ime for adate! Il give you directions GHB Listen and check. What ei people sayin the replies? Unit7 + Lighten up! 61LISTENING AND SPEAKING The history of the smile 1 Which smiles in the pictures do you like most? Why? 2 Read the text, Which pictures do the highlighted words describe? Why is it easy for a smile to go wrong? Abroad, beaming smile isa wonderful thing, but not something we can produce to order. When we force a smile fora photo, itcan look like an anxious grimace, and with good reason. It's thought the smile evolved from the "fear face’ seen in primates today, withthe corners ofthe ‘moath pulled back. Thisshows submission toa hostile fellow primate signalling't'm afraid of you-I'm nota threat In humans this evolved into the smile, making others feelat ease, Achieving good fake smile isn'teasy, we can control the muscles around the mouth, but not those around the eyes, which give a smile its warmth. This fake, tight-lipped smile can easily become a grin or smirk, sending the wrong message entirely. Why we smil@ 3. EEBB Listen to Part 1 ofa radio programme on the smile, Answver the questions. 1 What did WC. Fields say about starting the day? 2. How important is the smile to communication today? Was this always the case? 3 What do you learn about pictures ¢ and e? Why might the ‘Laughing Cavalier’ ine not be laughing? 4. What role did sugar play in posing for portraits? 5 What did Madame Vigeé-Lebrun in g have that the ‘Laughing Cavalier’ didn’t? What was the reaction to her portrait? 2 Unit7 + Lighten up! 4. How easy do you find it to smile for photos? What’ the best way to get a natural smile when posing? GHEB Listen to Part 2, Answer the questions. 1 What revolutionized the way we smile? 2 Why were smiles so important when Hollywood shots became fashionable? 3. What do you think crow’ feet are? 4 How does Olivia Mann get natural smiles? 5 Listen to Part 3. What effect is dentistry having ‘on smiles? What might this lead to in future? Priiyour own words 6 In pairs, use the prompts to surnmarize different sections of the programme. Student B Smiles in early paintings Smiles in photographs closed / control teeth / instant photography / Hollywood / Student A sugar / serious informal shots / natural smile Smiles in ater portraits Modern smiles 1786 / Madame Vigeé- dentistry / new attitudes / Lebrun/ open/ dentist / acceptable / perfect / toothpastes imegularities / bigger What do you think? + Inwhich obs i sing important? Why? + Cansmilesbe annoying? What emotions can they express? + Take real or pretend photos ofeach ather as Olivia Mann suggest Say what you were thinking of.VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs with on and off (On and off bring different meanings to phrasal verbs. What do they mean in these lines from p62? | can't put it off any longer, ra having my photo taken! (~ Since you have a complete record) | ware you to hold on to those feelings 7 of ie cold yun ft remembered fot the coker of? | 1 Starting/stopping ‘What might people be talking about in these examples? Try turning it off and on again Switch them off before take-off. itsuddenly came on inthe night! It went off after I burt the toast! ‘Complete the sentences with the verbs and on or off | put bring catch pay finish log 1 Doyouthink smart watches will 4 before leaving your desk 2 We the meal witha coffee 5 ill___thelatte___forte. 3. Barcelona in the ser final? t__| 6 Wevefinally all our debts: (7 2 ee ee Why would someone ..? What or who 2 1 canryonreedingabooktil2002m. 1 anbe rained off. 2 find alecture dogging on 2 wears off ter afew hous 3 goon andon about ther new phone 3 canbe laldoffina company restructure 4 cheer somebody on ding ace 4 might be Broken of after achange of heart 5 tllyouto “ream on 5 canbe called off afer industal negotistions 6 saytestmetocrackon with wore 6 might yougo off afer visting a factory frm Listen and compare. Listen and compare. 3. Closer to/further away -. ‘Complete the sentences with om or of. va 1 Wewent to the arport toseeDan__. 5. Youte too close just back __ alittle! 2 Amanjust grabbed my bagandran 1 6 The police advanced the protester 3 Hesnesked up _meandstarledme, 7_ Ssh! Quit! Dont sae the birds _! Benisaring on eo. Hehove off without me!) 4 Heri’ dark brown, verging black. 8 Can weput this until tomorrow? 4 Connected/separated Choose the correct particle. 1A semi-detached house is joined on / off to another house, with the gardens fenced on / off 2. Ourhouse has a conservatory built on / off, and the garden borders on / off fild. 3. The police have cordoned on / offthe gunman’ house and sealed on / off the entire area 4. The gymhas added on / off a womens weights room, which is partitioned on /off rom the men’. 5 Listen to the questions and reply with a verb from the box + on or offThea listen and compare/repeat. BD s0 there isnt going to bea tran strike now? dg come see lay at rain No, they've calledit off. ) No,itsbeencalledoff. | ear put (id) catch go seal Unit 7 = Lighten up! 63THE LAST WORD ever Mind! Look on the bright side 1 When we tell people our bad nevss, they often try to cheer us up and reassure us, Listen and complete Bs reply. AL got soaked when that huge weve came in! B Never mind, it ‘At least you can dry off in the sun. 2 Use the highlighted words to complete the replies. 1 (end cheer work A The bank wont lend me any more money. I wish Id never started my own business! B up! Tim sure i'l all 2 gained ventured tried A Ifonly 1 never asked Lucy out. She said ‘no’ and it’ really awkward working with her nov. cout alright in the. ‘ B You'll soon get over it. And at least you __~ you know, nothing _, nothing 3. (stay, hang A Idonit think I'm ever going to make it as an actor. I failed another audition this morning. B ItSnot the end ofthe world on in thereand__ positive. 4 done forgotten A Icantt believe what I've done! I sent an email moaning about my boss to her by mistake! B Dorit dwell on it, What’ done is And ifilall be ___ in a few days. 5 look keep ‘ATi just had the plaster taken off my leg, and now P've broken one of my fingers! B_____your chin up! Some day youll__back on allthis and laugh! 6 (goed ensy A Well have to be more careful ~ we've spent most of that lottery money already. B Oh well, easy come, _go. It was_ while it lasted. 7 (ould) win beat ‘A Tim so disappointed T didnit get the contract for that stadium, They've given it to another firm of architects. B You can’t ‘em all. And you Ifyou carit__tm, join em! 8 [best isguise gloom A It was horrific going out of the European Cup on a goal scored in the last few seconds! B It not all doom and___ though ~ there’ stil the league title. And perhaps i for the Ifthey focus on that now ~ it might turn out to be a blessing in . ‘always get a job with the other firm. Listen and check. Which expressions are most similar to ones in your language? 3. Prepare some notes to talk about three bad things that have happened to you recently, ‘ell a partner what happened. Reply using expressions from exercise | 4 Work in pairs and write a dialogue that ends with Sill better late than never! Never mind. Better luck next ti one of these expressions, Read your dialogue to the class, | Ohwell youliveandlean. Stil think ofthe money youve saved. 64 Unit 7 + Lighten up!po = 8 camer matters? (RUDD futh Shackleton: A life less ordinary 1 Looket| ———EEEE pictures. What is the message about gender rolesin each one? 2. Read the statements in the quiz. Do you agree (7) or disagree (X)? Compare answers with ‘partner. Cen you identify which gender-typical traits ae being referred to in each one? 3 Listen to boyfriend and giifriend checking their answers and check yours. How typical are they? How typical are you? Do you agree with the answers? g Are you a typical Male or have lots of friands of my own sex. I soundest ith sing ater than pope Usually remember people's birthdays | often forget people's names. (d rather communicate with friencs via texts than call direct, 1m good at working out how much to tip in a restaurant Im good at multitasking. AD erties ings eee Tee sg ran app ee IT arose ee im good at learning foreign languages. | prefer to read non-fiction such ae blographlas andl travel books rather than fiction, 4. What other statements could you add to the quiz to test gender traits? ‘Make alist and share your ideas withthe class. Unit 8 + Gender matters? 65READING AND SPEAKING ra Jobs for the boys... or girls? ras Which are typically done by both? Share ideas as a class. “Ie a dirty job warns Hugo Carey. When people talk about having an axzno borribils, they are not normally referring to the year in which they had their first children and ‘got married, But for me that year was 2 Lookat the titles of the two texts. What do you think they mean? Read the introductions. Which text(s) do you think these phrases come from? "fight deck ‘turbulent weather air traffic controller | ” ¥ omesticissues _steeplearning curve career path le ae tae ny job hed to pull my weight lost in admiration tank-lke bugey Sire Seaiate OFe OF Ee slighty taken aback swap the boardroom exhibited prejudice Soaring lenge of sy household chores the breadwinner _hostileto the idea Work in two groups. Group A. Read about house husband Hugo Carey. Group B Read about Cliodhna /klizena/ and Aoife /isfo/ Duggan, the female pilots. Which words from exercise 2 are in your article? Were your ideas correct? What is their context? 4. Read your article again. Answer the questions about Hugo or the pilots, Cliodhna and Aoife 1 In what ways is what they do not typical of their sex? ‘What are the statistics concerning this? 2 What is the background to their current jobs or situation? Was it their choice? Did they approach their roles confidently? What problems did they face when they started? A slow take-off for ee female pilots Which of these people are mentioned in your article? rf What do you learn about them? asi Dave Thomas jearcldgil Susie YvonneSintes a technician job centre officials their other or father Tlyour own words 5. Work with someone from the other group. Ask each other the questions in exercise 4 to find out about the people in the other article. Explain any new vocabulary. What do you think? + How would you fel if the pilot on your flight was a woman? + Whose ifestye the sisters or Hugo’, do you thins most enviable? Why? + Are there any jobs that you fee are best done by one of the soxes? Which? Why? + In what waysis yourlfestyle typical for your sex? In what ways not? + How much have attitudes changed to gender roles over the years? 66 Unit 8 » Gender matters?According to figures from the Office of National Statistics, Hugo is one of over 220,000 house husbands ~a figure that, hhas leapt from fewer than 120,000 16 years ago. Although ‘one of many, it still eame as a shock for him to swap the boardroom for the baby-changing mat. But he was used to bhombshells — he'd faced one just two years earlier when he and bis wite Susi “Is this your first scan?’, asked the ultrasound technician Hugo and Susie answered cagerly,"Yes, itis’ ‘Well i's rwo, twins? Stony silence was followed by convulsive laughter. They all started to gigele. Poppy and Thomas ~ now 18 months old ~ probably did t00. It was the start of a journey of discovery for Hugo, He was made redundant when the twins were ten months old, and with Susie, a fashion consultant, now the bbreadurinnes, there wasn’t much choice. I was just going to have to pull my weight and become a hands-on, full-time dad? He was unfazed, convinced he had a way with children. He ‘now says, Perhaps I wouldn't have been so confident if I had known just how steep the learning curve was going to be? For a start, their rwo-bedroom flat, which has no garden, fole terribly poky. His daily routine was exhausting at first. The twins woke each other up, so he had to be up and out of bed at 6 a.m. 0 let Susie sleep, And of course, the housework fell to Hugo. He had always been the chef in the family, so cooking, wasn’t a problem, bur other household chores ~ ekeaning, ironing, and shopping ~ and looking after two small children, proved something of a challenge. He's now convinced that men don’t have the same pat ns but he's managed to raise his own level of patience. At first, when out with the ‘went for their first babys Four decades after the frst female pilot started work fora commercial ailne there rest elatively few women siting in Duggan seat. OF the 3,500 pilots employed by British Airways just 200 are women, yet the ait still employs the highest proportion of female plots of any UK airline. Globally around 4,000 ofthe 130,000 cine pilots are women. How much has changed since Yvonne Pope Sites became Britain’ fist commercial airline captain in 19122 Sie sey, Women arejustas ood as men but they seem to have ‘more domestic sues. | actually met someone, justa few months 200, who said he dit know thet there were any women pilots I couldnt believe When Sintes, now 83, started her creer, ales actively barred women. Inspired by watching the planes while rowing up near Croydon airport, she tried to join the RAF after school but they wouldnt take women. So she became aight attendant and gained her private pilot icence with the Airways Aero Club. Then she became anartraffic controller and eventually in 1965, pilot She says her mae colleagues dat ike meat al’ Around half of them were hostile tothe idea ofa female pilot, Someone actually seid they resignifa women joined. Unfortunately, he did't Later it was the passengers who exhibited prejudice. The men always looked sightly taken aback? According 1 Acife Duggan and her older sste Codhna, whois also a pilot, reactions to their gender are more likly to come from towins in thei Large, ank-ike bugey, he would march them everywhere at an angry pace, but now he has learnt to stop and. give way to other pavement asers ‘The humiliation of going down to the job centre has also been somewhat diminished by the hilarity of signing on accompanied by a couple of loud, hysterical children, Officials row hurry him through whae is normally a long and tedious procedure Mrer the twins’ first birthday, he decided it was rime to locate the nearest playgroup. I think the mums were quite excited to see a man and I was asked if | wanted to attend theie pub session on the first Thursday of the month ~ they were probably just as bored as Twas. I politely declined * As the twins now approach their second birthday, Hugo can look back and admie that his role 2 a hot took quite a bit of adjustment. At first, he y office life, but now the rewards for his efforts have become mach cleaves. He says, In fact, Tam just grateful to have spent these crucial months with my children, I've seen them grow up, take their first steps, discover, and leara. I see lots of dads who obviously don’t get eo spend much time with their kids and they don't seem to have a strong bond. [feel sorry for them? (One problem that’s emerged is that because Hugo is now used to doing things for che kids, his methods don’t always coincide with Susie’, However, his relationship with his mother has improved! immeasurably ~ she had five children, and Hugo is lost in admiration for her. passengers than colleagues. Only a couple of years ago, at her previous job for an aictne in Asi, says Aoife, one man took one look at her and her female co-pilot and got off the plane. Cliodhna says, she stil sees some passengers‘surprise. ‘We've had preity ewiul weather recently, My last landing wes in Gatwick and it was particularly turbulent ..one ofthe passengers said, “Oh my goodness, you look so small | cant believe you just landed this giant plane’ For both women, fying was apart of theirchildhood ~ their ‘mother wasa fight attendant, and their father an airline plot. They (grew up around a fying club.’There were some women atthe club ‘ays Cliodhna, 1 was aware that there were women flying and! didnt see my genders a bar! Aoife, seven years younger, grew up seeing her older sisters career path and decided to follow. ‘Why do they think so few women go into flying?‘A lot of the time its a matter of younger girls not being made aware that i's a career ‘option open to them! says Aoife. ‘t's not the kind of thing people talk about in school. You get young boys who say they want to be a pilot oran astronaut, whereas gils are not encouraged that way! For the past couple of yeas, British Airways has been trying 10 increase its recruitment of women. ‘What we're after isthe best person forthe job, says Captain Dave Thomas, BAS chief pilot and head of training. They are having some success ~ the number of female candidates for obs has gone from 5% to 15%, Thomas thinks the lack of women is mainly a cultural problem which needs to be tackled at an eatly age." We did a little bit of research, surveying children between the ages ofsix and 12, and | thinkit came out as ‘number two1on the boys lst of top jobs, but I don‘ think girls think of tas an option. Unit 8 + Gender matters? 67LANGUAGE FOCUS Relatives and participles Defining and non-defining relative clauses 1 Underline the relative causes in these sentences fro the texts, 2 It was te passengers who enhibited prejudice. b According to Aoife and her sister, whois also apilt, reactions are more likely to come from passengers. « Its acaitural problem which needs tobe tackled at an carly age. 4 Their two-bedroom flat, which has no gerden, felt terribly poky. €¢ The mum who he was talking to invited him to the pub, Officials huried him through what is normally along and tedious procedure. 2 Answer the questions about sentences a-f 1 Which sentences sil make complete sense ifthe relative clauses are removed? Which ae defining relative clauses? Which non-defning? 2 Inyihich sentences can who and which be replaced by that? Why? 3 Invihich sentence can the lative pronoun be omitted? Why? 4 Inwhich sentence can whom replace who? Transform this sentence. ‘What effect does this have? 3 (GEEEID fee the sentences in exercise | aloud, What isthe role ofthe commas? Listen and check. What are the short responses? Practise the. sentences with the response >> Grammar Reference pplS3-154 Discussing grammar 1 Discuss with a partner any differences in meaning and/or form betsreen these sentences. 1 My sister, who’ a flight attendant, is actually scared of flying My sister who’sa flight attendant is actually scared of flying. 2. The sailors whose cabins were below deck all drowned. ‘The sailors, whose cabins were below deck, all drowned. 3 The girl who I shared a room with at university came from Malaya, ‘The gil with whom I shared a room at university came from Malaya, 4A few of the mothers who I met greeted me suspiciously. ‘A few of the mothers that I met greeted me suspiciously. ‘A few of the mothers I met greeted me suspiciously. 5 That's my cousin with the son who works in the White House. ‘That's my cousin whose son works in the White House, That's my cousin who has a son who works in the White House. 6 People who are made redundant often become depressed. People made redundant often become depressed. 7 A There are still alot of countries where women dor't have the vote, B That's where you are wrong. There are only two. 68 Unit 8 - Gender matters? 2. Read these incomplete sentences and cuss whether they should be completed with a defining or non-defining relative clause, or whether both are possible. 1 I don't like children .. 2 The journey from work to home ... took ‘over three hours yesterday. 3 Politicians ... aren't worth listening to, 4 The Taj Mahal ... is built from ‘exquisitely carved white marble. “These are the photographs 6 We docked at the small port on the coast of Bast Africa .. 7 My cousin ... went paragliding at the weekend. 8 We went on a cycling holiday in Wales ... Complete them with your ideas, en and compare,5. There is something odd about the res (od aa tae for meaning of these sentences. Rewrite Present and pat partils canbe ued may deen ways. hemo make thea less enbagmud 1 As reduced relative clauses after nouns. Compare these examples rom the text: Ther are stil relatively fen women sitting in Duggan seat (women who st) 1 Aged five is ‘ofthe 3500 plots employed by Brush Airways just 200 ae women smother remarted. (pilots who are employed) 2 Asadjectives: a surprised Duggan an interesting statistic 3 Toesprestheseideas: atthe sametime because if after {Inspired by wotchirg the planes while growing up near Croydon okrport, she tried to jon the RAF. >> Grammar Reference pis4 a J 2 Coming out of the market, the bananas 3 What ideas do the participles in these sentences express? fell on the pavement | Having read the minutes of the meeting, | wrote a report. 2 Having read the minutes of the meeting, I understood what the problem was, 3 Tout myself opening a tin, 4 That portrait, believed to be by Rembrandt, sold for $26 m. 5 Cooked in a red wine sauce, ostrich meat can be delicious. 6 Knowing my love of chocolate, she hid it away in her drawer. ‘Taken from his mother asa child, he’ always had difficulty establishing relationships. 8 Browsing in our local bookshop, I was delighted to find a book called Statistics for Dummies. 4 Complete the pairs of sentences with the same verb, once as a present participle and once as a past participle. | a Flights booked one month in advance have a 10% discount. bb Booking. your flight in advance gives you a better deal. 2a The new uniforms. by the pilots looked very smart. b Visitors___ sleeveless tops willbe denied entry. 4 skng don the mountain, my hat flew off inthe wind, 3a Wetook a shorteut, an hour on our journey time. b With the money from giving up smoking, I'm buying a bike all things into account, I've decided to resign. three times a day, these tablets will help your allergy. I fell on the ice, The boy iy wrist. —_— in the ear accident is in hospital. 5 Having eaten cur main courses, the atress showed us the dessert menu. ss leads to lack of trust. promi promises lead to lack of trust, away secrets won't win you any friends. the chance, Pd love to work in New York. Ba up in the countryside is healthy for young kids. b Strawberries under polythene ripen more quickly. Listen and check, DD WRITING Adding style and cohesion ~A folk tale p17 Unit 8 + Gender matters? 69LISTENING AND SPEAKING Gender-neutral parenting 1 Discuss in groups. What did you like/not like about your upbringing? Did your parents have set ideas? 2 Look at the beginning of, an article about ‘gender- neutral parenting: What do you think this ist 3 Listen to Ali and Luke discussing the article, Who is most scathing about it? Who are Sam and Emm Who is Storm? 4 Listen again. Are these statements true (7) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. 1 Both Max and Sam have sisters. 2 Luke used to worry about Sam wearing Emma’ clothes 3 Ali accuses Luke of criticizing Sam. 4 Sam isa diffcult teenager. 5 Max's parents wont allow him to play with boys’ toys. 6 Luke and Ali guessed that Max would be home-schooled. 7 Max's and Stormis parents are following exactly the same technique 8 Ali believes the worst thing about Storm is the name. Eee What do you think? + Do youagee with Als disapproving approach to ‘gender-neutral parenting or Lukes more considered one? ‘+ How many pluses (and minuses(- can you think ‘of n relation to bringing up a chile this wey? + Is gender identity more about nurture or nature? 5. Turm to p173, Read how Storms mother reacted to criticism of their ideas. 7 Unit 8 * Gender matters? Parents raise son according to a technique known as gender-neutral parenting. 6 fen to and complete what Dr Eugene Beresin, a child psychiatrist, says about baby Storm. Which of his views do you agree with? Why? GG Toraise a child not as a boy or a gitlis creating, in some sense, at . The Canadian couple's approach s a terrible idea because identity formation is really for every human being and part of that is gender. There are many and social forces at play. Since the sexual 4 of the 1970s, child development experts have embraced a more flexible view of gender, Before that, the stereotypes of boys were that they were self-sufficient, non-empathetic, : and good at war Girls were trained to be empathetic and ® nd ‘more nurturing, But since then, wornen have become mote 7 : ‘aggressive, and independent, and by the same token, men are allowed. fe ayy We ofter sec hulking football players who are™ 99 SPI EN EN fra 1 What does just meanin these examples? Hes just atoddler. Its just as | thought. 2. Just can have many different meanings, What does it mean in sentences 1-8? exactly recently rightnow simply only equally almost absolutely 1 Dont wory. Hes just as rude to me as you. 2. Apairof red socks! That's ust what wanted! 3 Were ust about out of coffee 4 Im ust leaving now. See you soon 5 Juststento me for oncel 6 | wasjust tered! T Ivejust heard the news 8 Tomcouldr't come, soits just me. Think ofa context for each tne. (HEX Listen and compare.VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION Homonyms, homophones, and homographs 1 The word 6ow isbotha homonym (same sound, same speling | | Hemonyms _bucalifferent meanings) anda homograph (two pronuncstions Work with a partner. These sentences contain words wnith different meanings). which have homonyms in the text about pilots on. ‘bow _/bav/ ‘bow /bav/ 1PP65-67. Find them. What are the two meanings? ieee Me eesdivovie 1 This deck of cards has all the jokers missing ice Beene 2 You have to order your drinks at the bar, 2 The Japanese bow when they | 2 Robin Hood used 2 Ldentify all the homonyms in these sentences. greet each oth abow and arrow Make sentences for the other meanings. foun tofight. 1 Our company has branches all over the world. 1 The casttooktheirbows | 3. Youplay the violin 2 We spotted a really rare bird in the forest. after the performance. with abow. 3 Donit go making any rash promises that you cant keep! 4 [think we should scrap that idea. Its rubbish 5. Stop rambling and get to the point! Homophones 3. Read these words aloud. Think of another word with the ‘same pronunciation but a different spelling and meaning. wal wbiled fort heir site hire caught soar 4 Choose the correct homophone. +3 How many of the examples in’ and 2 can you find in the picture? 1 Public speaking makes my voice go horse J hoarse. 2. His coarse ! course remarks upset all those present. 3. They tied their boat to the buay / boy in the harbour. 4 They say it was @loart / lone gunman that shot the president. 5. The thieves got away with a large hall / haul of old banknotes. Squirrels berry / bury nuts in woods and gardens. She lifted her vale veil and smiled at her new husband. This is only a draft | draught contract, You don't have to sign it. Homographs 5 Listen and write down the homograph you hear in each pair of sentences, What are the different pronunciations? @ Were siting at theback, new 12. /2U/ Weve had another rw about our finances, /°2.\/ 6 Divide into two groups. Use your dictionaries to find the {wo pronunciations and meanings of the words in your box. Make sentences to illustrate the meanings to the ‘other group. wind refuse defect wound Ine minute Unit 8 + Gender matters? 71THE LAST WORD Talking in clichés 1 A cliché isa phrase which has been used so often that it has lost much of its force, Read and listen to the conversations. Identify the clichés. What do they mean? ‘A. Y'm thinking of having another tattoo, q A scorpion maybe, just above where it ‘A Mum! Tommy’ fighting A Bye, Gran! Jamie and I are says ‘1% Mum’? What do you think? with Ryan again! off out for the evening. B En its not for me to say. At the end of B Oh dear! But I suppose boys B Havea great time! Dont do the day, its your decision. You'll have seill be boys. anything I wouldn' do. tollive with it 2 Read the lines in A. Match them with a response in B, Underline the clichés in B. What do they mean? a as 1 just came across my very frst gitfiend on Facebook. {4 Pooryou! You'l be damned if you do, and damned if 2 Lamy’ failed his exams, Amv got the chicken pox. Whatever next? you dont 5 Dad, Ive been picked forthe school football team, ist eleven! bere on Dees 4 tf Lofferto pay, shell say "m okdfashioned. If! dont, shell say tm mean, © Well.you know what they say ‘No pain, no gain’ 5 | got acad from Jerry one week ater my bethday ood ies Baie ae ten 6 Werehaving a complete break. A fortnight in the Caribbean, St Lucia. © Oh dear! Watch out! They say these things come in threes 7 Ie took me ten years to build up my business. teary killed me. Thats my boy Like fathar, ie son. 8 Lust need to go back in the house and make sure 've turned off the oven. & lt takesall sorts. 9 They've got tenkids! Goodness knows what their house is ke. gigi muna cess tcc Dest tina ADO 10 Bobsa weird bloke. He going to live alone ona remote Scottish island! Oh wel Better late than never. for year |, Sounds tke just what the doctor ordered. EMD Listen and check. What i the next line in the conversation? 3. What do you think the following clichés mean? Try to put them into short conversations, accidents willheppen _aman(or woman] after my own heart actions speak louder than words itsall ina days work afate worse thandeath youcarithave your cake andeatit behind every great man theres a great woman _ its as clear as mud 4 Do you have any similar clichés in your language? Give examples. 72 Unit 8 + Gender matters?