‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﻙ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ ٢٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ‐ ﮔﭽﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺪﺍﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻻﻏﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ـ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﺰﻩ ‪.‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪.٨١٧٨٥‐١٩٩‬‬
‫‪Mmppan@yahoo.com‬‬
‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﺭﺍﺋﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻳﺪﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ـ ﮔﭽﻲ ‪،‬ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ ) ﺁﻫﻜﻲ (‪ ،‬ﺁﺷﺮ)ﺁﻫﻜﻲ(‬
‫ﻭ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ)ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ـ ﮔﭽﻲ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ‪ ./١‬ﻣﻮﻻﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ‪ GEOCHEM‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺁﻫﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻻﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ PH‬ﻗﻠﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ PH‬ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )‪ .(١٩‬ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ )‪ (solubility product‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ )‪ . (٢٠‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ )‪١‬ﻭ ‪ .( ٣‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ) ‪ (solubility diagram‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ‬
‫)‪ ٧‬ﻭ ‪ (٨‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ) ‪pH2 PO4‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ ( + 1/2 pCa‬ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺁﻫﻚ) ‪ ( PH - 1/2 pCa‬ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺗﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻸ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪.( ٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‪،‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ) ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﮔﭻ ) ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﭽﻲ( ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﭻ ) ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ( ﻧﻤﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺄ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻫﻚ‬
‫ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ)‪.(٦‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﭽﻲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ PH‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٦‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ‪،‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ)‪ .(٢٧‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ)‪ .(٣١ ،٢٢ ،٧‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻙ)‬
‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ(‪،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ) ‪ ١١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻭ ‪ (٣٣‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )‪ ٥‬ﻭ ‪ .(١٣‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ(‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ ) ‪١٢‬ﻭ ‪ .(٢٠‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﮔﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ) ‪ ( ٣٤‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﭻ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻙ) ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ‐‬
‫ﮔﭽﻲ(ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ ﻭ ﺁﺷﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹲﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ )‪ .(٢٧‬ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎﻭﻥ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ) ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ .(١‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﺗﻤﻲ ‪ PH،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ) ‪،(١: ٢/٥‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺏ) ‪ ،( ١: ٥‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻲ ﭘﺖ )‪ ،(٢٩‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ‪ ،PH = ٨/٢‬ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻟﺴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ‪ ، PH = ٨/٥‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻛﺴﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻴﻚ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ‪،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﮔﭻ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ )‪ (١٠‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ٢/٥‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻮﮊ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻗﺖ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﺭ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ )‪ ٠‐٢٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ‪ KH2PO4‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻮﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﻴﻜﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٠± ٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ‪ PH .‬ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪PH‬‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ١٥‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻮﮊ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺗﻤﻦ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ ‪ ٤١‬ﺻﺎﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺯﺩﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ PH‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ PH‬ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻴﻮﮊ ﻭ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﻛﻢ )‪) (Geochem‬‬
‫‪(٢٦‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺴﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ١‬ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ‬
‫‪٧/٨‬‬ ‫‪٧/٨‬‬ ‫‪٨/٢‬‬ ‫‪PH‬‬
‫‪٠/٧٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٥‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ) ﺩﺳﻲ ﺯﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫‪٢٦/٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٠/٥‬‬ ‫‪١٧/٥‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ)ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٤/٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ(‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫‪٣٢/٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫‪) CEC‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ(‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Cl.L Si.C.L‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫‪<١‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪١/٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ)ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬
‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‐‬ ‫ﮔﭻ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺁﻫﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻮﺭﺏ) ﻣﻤﺘﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ( ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺗﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ)‪ .(٢٠‬ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺬﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ) ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺗﺮﻡ ( ﺧﺎﺹ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺗﺮﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺗﺮﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(٢٠‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ)‪ .(٩‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺘﺮ )ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮ(‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ )‪ (a‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ) ‪ ٥‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ(‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﭽﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ ﻭ ﺁﺷﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﮔﭻ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺁﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )‪ .(٢٣‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ) ‪ .(٢٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ)‪ .(١٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻦ ) ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ )‪٥‬ﻭ‪ (١٦‬ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻻﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)‪ .(١٦‬ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ)ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ( ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ – ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ‬
‫)‪( adsorption - desortpiton‬ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ‐ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ) ‪(precipitation – dissolution‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)‪ .(١٤‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻷ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ) ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ)‪٤‬ﻭ ‪ ٢١‬ﻭ ‪.(٣٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹲﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﮔﭻ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ)‪ .(٣١‬ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻭ ‪ PH‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍ)‪ ( ٢٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ٦/٧ pH‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ pH‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٦/٧‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ) ‪.(٣٢‬ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٨/٢ P H‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٧/٨‬ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ PH‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺁﻫﻚ ‪ ٤‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥/٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫( ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ‬٢٧)‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
.(١١)‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ‬، ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬. ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ‬.(١٥)‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
.‫( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٣١ ‫ ﻭ‬٢٤ ‫ ﻭ‬١٦ ) ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‬
١٩٥‐١٩٢ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬.‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬.‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬.‫ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬.١٣٦٤ .‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ‬، ‫‐ﺳﺎﻻﺭﺩﻳﻨﻲ‬١
.١٨٦ ‫ ﺗﺎ‬١٦٨ ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬.‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬.‫ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﻴﺰﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ‬.١٣٦٦ .‫ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ‬، ‫‐ﺳﺎﻻﺭﺩﻳﻨﻲ‬٢
١٤٢‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬.‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬.(‫ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ) ﻓﺎﺭﻳﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻢ( )ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬.١٣٦٧ . ‫ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ‬، ‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫‐ﻣﻠﻜﻮﺗﻲ‬٣
.١٥٦ ‫ﺗﺎ‬
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756-760.
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Barber , S . A . 1984 . Soil Nutrient Bioavailability A Mechanistic Approach . John
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330
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

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 ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

2
OCP(precipitation) (a)

6
Before sorption DCPD
After sorption

8 Desorption 1
Desorption 2 HA
Desorption 3 OCP(dissolution)
10
3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2
OCP(precipitation) (b)

4
phosphate potencial

6
Before sorption DCPD
After sorption
HA
8 Desorption 1
Desorption 2
Desorption 3 OCP(dissolution)
10
3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2
(c)
OCP(precipitation)

6
Before sorption DCPD

After sorption
Desorption 1
Desorption 2 HA
OCP(dissolution)
Desorption 3
10
3 5 lime potential7 9
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ .١‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ )ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ(‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﻪ) ‪ ، (a‬ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ)‪ (b‬ﻭ ﺁﺷﺮ)‪.(c‬‬