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Refer to ophthalmologist
Most common Cause:
Causes: Unequal curvature of cornea/ lens
o Irregularities of the corneal curvature Types:
o Focusing power of lens 1. Regular- either cornea/ lens (toric lens)
o The length of the eye 2. Irregular- corneal scar (contact lens)
Major sx: blurred vision and headache
3 types: Tests:
o Hyperopia Snellen chart
o Myopia Keratometer
o Astigmatism Corneal topography
*Keratometer-Cornea Autorefractor/ retinoscopy
Jachson cross cylinders in a phoropter
1. HYPEROPIA “longsightedness/ hypermetropia” Dx:
a. Light rays focused behind retina Myopia & Hyperopia
Classification: Examination by ophthalmologist, optometrist /
1. Simple orthoptist
2. Pathological Snellen chart “Hermann Snellen. 1862”
3. Functional Visual acuity= distance of person/ distance of
Causes: smallest optotype. 20/20
Eyeball too short Corrective lenses (shatterproof)
Cornea too flat Refractive Eye Surgery
Sx: o LASIK/ Lasik (laser-assisted in situ
Asthenopia (strain) keratomileusis) performed by
Accommodative dysfunction ophthalmologist
Amblyopia
*Visual acuity- affected STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS OF THE EYE