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Packedcolumns 170706111438 PDF
Packedcolumns 170706111438 PDF
Authors:
Doaa Shaheen Fedaa Mohamad
Alaa Mohamad Ranea
Supervision:
Dr. Taha ALkhames
Julay /2017
College of Engineering
Mutah University
Table of Content
contents
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………….
Distillation process …………………………………………………….
Types of Distillation Column………………………………………..
Tray Column ……………………………………………………….
- Advantage of trayed column…………………………………………….
Packed Column………………………………………………….
- packed Column Description…………………………………………….
- Component of a packed column……………………………………..
- Packing materials…………………………………………………………….
- Type of packed column……………………………………………………
- Design proceder………………………………………………………………
- Packed bed process design………………………………………………
- Representation of packed column……………………………………
- Method for packing height……………………………………………….
- Absorption /stripping in packed columns…………………………
- Evaluation height based on HTU-NTU model……………………
- Theory……………………………………………………………………………..
- Calculation of enrichment in packed columns………………….
- Applications……………………………………………………………………..
- Usage Examples………………………………………………………………..
- Packed column for distillation………………………………………….
- Packed Hydraulic……………………………………………………………..
- Pressure Drop in Packed Beds………………………………………….
- Advantages and disadvantage of packed column……………..
- Packed column vapor-equilibrium curve ……………………..
- Comparison to Tray Columns…………………………………………..
-reference…………………………………………………………………………...
INTRODUCTION
Distillation
is by far the most important separation process in the
petroleum and chemical industries.
It is the separation of key components in a mixture
by the difference in their relative volatility, or boiling
points. It is also known as fractional distillation or
fractionation.
Is the key operation in any oil refinery. In processing, the
demand for purer products, coupled with the need for
greater efficiency, has promoted continued research into
the techniques of distillation.
In engineering terms, distillation columns have to be
designed with a larger range in capacity than any other
types of processing equipment, with single columns 0.3-10
m in diameter and 3–75 m in height.
Designers are required to achieve the desired product
quality at minimum cost and also to provide constant
purity of product even though there may be variations in
feed composition.
A distillation unit should be considered together with its
associated control system, and it is often operated in
association with several other separate units.
The vertical cylindrical column provides, in a compact form
and with the minimum of ground requirements, a large
number of separate stages of vaporisation and
condensation.
Usage Examples:
Packed beds are most commonly used in air pollution
control, but they are also used in the chemical,
petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical, paper, and
aerospace industries. The beds shown below are used to
absorb and eliminate ethylene gas from a sterilization
chamber. The water-soluble ethylene gas is hydrolyzed to
ethylene glycol.
The packed bed absorption column shown below removes
acidic fumes such as H 2 SO 4, HCl, HNO 3, and HF from an
inlet gas stream. Packed bed absorption is commonly used
when dealing with corrosive substances such as these.
Packed column for distillation:
In bubble cap and perforated plate columns, a large
interfacial area between the rising vapour and the reflux is
obtained by causing the vapour to bubble through the
liquid.
An alternative arrangement, which also provides the
necessary large interfacial area for diffusion, is the packed
column, in which the cylindrical shell of the column is filled
with some form of packing.
A common arrangement for distillation is
as indicated in the Figure, where the
packing may consist of rings, saddles, or
other shaped particles, all of which are
designed to provide a high interfacial area
for transfer.
1. Pressure drop:
2. Liquid holdup
The liquid holdup is the fraction of liquid held up in packed
column. The volume of liquid holdupvolume is often needed
for calculating packed bed support beam loadings as well as
for determining how much liquid drains to the bottom of a
tower when the vapor rate is stopped.
3. Liquid rate
At lower liquid rates, irrigation to the bed is poor result poor
efficiency. When liquid is well distributed in the column
result the minimum wetting rate of the packing. Below
minimum wetting the falling liquid film breaks up, some of the
packing surface unwets, and the efficiency drops. When liquid
distributor is poor, it will take more liquid to wet the entire
packing bed.
4. Vapor rate
When vapor rate increases, column operation moves into the
loading region. Efficiency improves because of the greater liquid
holdup, but this improvement is short-lived. As the flood point is
approached, the efficiency passes through the maximum and the
drops because of excessive entrainment.
Pressure Drop in Packed Beds:
Disadvantages:
Fewer stages compared to other columns.
Channeling, which must be controlled by redistributing
liquid.
Cannot handle extremely high or low flow rates.
Cannot handle liquids with high viscosities.
Need to be preferentially wetted to avoid reduction of the
interfacial area to volume ratio
Packed column vapor-equilibrium curve:
Packed columns have a continuous vapor-equilibrium
curve, unlike conventional tray distillation in which every
tray represents a separate point of vapor-liquid
equilibrium. However, when modeling packed columns it is
useful to compute a number of theoretical plates to
denote the separation efficiency of the packed column
with respect to more traditional trays. In design, the
number of necessary theoretical equilibrium stages is first
determined and then the packing height equivalent to a
[[Theoretical plat packing height required is the number
theoretical stages multiplied by the HETP.
http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Sepa
rationsChemical/Absorbers/Absorbers.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed_bed
THE END……
Packed Columns
Design and Performance
Dedication: