DR.

RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

PROJECTDD
BA.LL.B.(Hons.), III Semester, 2018 - 2023

Subject: - Political Science

Project on: - India-US relations

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:

Assistant Professor Enrollment No.-

Political Science Semester III (Section-B)

R.M.L.N.L.U B.A.LL.B
(Hons.)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my gratitude and deep regards to my teacher for the for giving me such a
challenging topic and also for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this thesis.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to my seniors in

the college for their cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which
helped me in completing this task through various stages.

I am obliged to the staff members of the Madhu Limaye Library, for the timely
and valuable information provided by them in their respective fields. I am grateful
for their cooperation during the period of my assignment.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my family and friends for their constant encouragement

without which this assignment would not have been possible.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA ON STATE VISIT TO INDIA................................................5
TRADE AND ECONOMIC............................................................................................................5
ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE...........................................................................................6
DEFENCE AND SECURITY COOPERATION............................................................................6
US-INDIA JOINT STRATEGIC VISION FOR THE ASIA –PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEAN
REGION..........................................................................................................................................6
INDIA-U.S. DELHI DECLARATION OF FRIENDSHIP.............................................................7
JOINT STATEMENT DURING THE VISIT OF PRESIDENT OF USA TO INDIA ''साँझा
प्रयास - सबका विकास'' – ''SHARED EFFORT; PROGRESS OF ALL''.........................................8
CULTURAL COOPERATION:....................................................................................................10
MEDIA:.........................................................................................................................................10
A VISUAL RECAP: PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI’S VISIT IN SEPTEMBER
2014:..............................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................14
 INTRODUCTION

India-U.S. bilateral relations have developed into a "global strategic partnership", based on
shared democratic values and increasing convergence of interests on bilateral, regional and
global issues. The emphasis placed by the new Government in India on development and good
governance has created new opportunity to reinvigorate bilateral ties and enhance cooperation
under the new motto --- "Chalein Saath Saath: Forward Together We Go", which was adopted
following Prime Minister Narendra Modi's first summit with President Barack Obama on 30
September 2014 in Washington DC.

Regular exchange of high level political visits has provided sustained momentum to bilateral
cooperation, while the wide-ranging and ever-expanding dialogue architecture has established a
long-term framework for India-U.S. engagement. Today, the India-U.S. bilateral cooperation is
broad-based and multi-sectoral, covering trade and investment, defence and security, education,
science and technology, cyber security, high-technology, civil nuclear energy, space technology
and applications, clean energy, environment, agriculture and health. Vibrant people-to-people
interaction and support across the political spectrum in both countries nurture our bilateral
relationship.

The effort of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to develop better relations with America is beyond
words. He has been continuously working in this area to develop a better understanding between
both the countries. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Mr.Barack Obama has
become a very good friend as known through various sources. There has been various deals
which are signed between both the countries.

When Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Barack Obama met for their first summit in
September 2014 in Washington DC, they had a crowded and diverse agenda ranging from
terrorism to trade and a spate of other issues. This reflected the sheer breadth of the India-U.S.
relationship, but the agenda also included many issues – such as the stalled civil nuclear deal –
that remain unresolved and have become symptomatic of the drift in the relationship. And the
shadow of the past threatened to cloud the prospects for the future.

Both leaders did seize the leadership moment that the first summit provided to give momentum
and outline the future contours of the India-U.S. relationship. This was apparent in their joint
Washington Post op-ed, “A Renewed U.S.-India Partnership for the 21st Century,” a vision
statement and the ambitious joint declaration, which called for consultations on global and
regional issues, as well as a bilateral focus on economic growth, energy and climate change,
defense and homeland security, and high technology, space and health cooperation.
PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA ON STATE VISIT TO INDIA

The President of USA Barack Obama’s visit to India was a tremendous visit in context of
relation between both the Nations. The Prime Minister of India Mr.Narendra Modi invited Mr.
Barack Obama for the Republic Day celebration of India. As President Obama received the
invitation from the Prime Minister Narendra Modi he accepted the invitation happily.This
marked the development of a new realtion between the India and the USA.

President Obama expressed his gratitude not only to Prime Minister Narendra Modi but also to
the people of India for their incredible hostility. The Modi-Obama Summit: A Leadership
Moment for India and the United States, a briefing book with memos by Brookings experts in
New Delhi and Washington, issued on the eve of the first summit, highlighted some of the
challenges and opportunities for both leaders and offered ways to move forward on a number of
issues facing both countries.

Narendra Modi has been making tremendous efforts for the development of the country.By
inviting Mr.Barack Obama on the Republic Day celebration, he not only won the heart of
President Obama but also the whole people of the country India. Their friendship has taken a
new way and in the years to come it will strengthen year by year.It will help not only India in
the sustainable development of the country but in the development of USA also.

TRADE AND ECONOMIC

The trade and economic partnerships must focus on improving the daily lives of the people.
Prime Minister Modi described his ambitious efforts to empower rural Indians with bank
accounts and to ensure clean water and clean air for the Indian people and want to be partners
with USA in this effort. In the last few years trade between the two countries has increased by
some 60% to a US $ 100 billion. President Obama welcomed the reforms that the Prime
Minister is pursuing to make it easier to do business here in India.
Both the countries have achieved a breakthrough understanding on two issues that were holding
up our advances on civil nuclear cooperation and are committed to moving towards full
implementation and this is an important step that shows how the two countries can work
together to elevate the relationship.

Both the countries agreed to resume discussions about a possible bilateral investment treaty and
continue to pursue export reforms so that both USA can advance more hi-tech collaborations
with India.

ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Both the countries agreed to a number of important steps to promote clean energy and to
confront climate change. US will support India for solar energy and stand ready to speed this
expansion with additional finance. New joint projects were launched to improve air quality in
Indian cities. The United States will share more data and developed tools to help India assess
and adapt to the impact of climate change and help vulnerable communities become more
resilient. Both agreed to work together to make concrete progress this year towards phasing out
Hydro Floro Carbons under the Montreal Protocol. Narendra Modi and Barack Obama made
personal commitment to work together to a strong global agreement in Paris.

The U.S.-India Energy Dialogue was launched to promote trade and investment in the energy
sector. Besides five existing working groups in oil & gas, coal, power and energy efficiency,
new technologies & renewable energy and civil nuclear co-operation, another working group on
'sustainable development' was added recently to the Energy Dialogue. Investment by Indian
companies like Reliance, Essar and GAIL in the U.S. natural gas market is ushering in a new era
of India-U.S. energy partnership. A new U.S.-India Partnership for Climate Resilience has been
agreed to, in order to advance capacity for climate adaptation planning, as also a new U.S.-India
Climate Fellowship Program to build long-term capacity to address climate change-related
issues.

DEFENCE AND SECURITY COOPERATION

Both the countries agreed to deepen their defence and security cooperation. Both have renewed
the framework to guide the defence cooperation for another 10 years. In a major step forward for
relation, the defence technology and trade initiative will allow to jointly develop and produce
new defence technology. Both also agreed to a new vision for the Asia Pacific so that both are
doing more together to advance the shared security and prosperity in this critical region.

UN will support to reform UN Security Council that includes India as a permanent member. At
the time, India is playing a great role in ensuring international peace and security and meet
shared challenges. As a leading contributor to the UN peacekeeping missions for many years,
India can help the world to do even more to protect citizens in conflict zones.US will support
India’s leadership in combating diseases and promoting global health, the advances to the rights
and dignity of citizens around the world.

US-INDIA JOINT STRATEGIC VISION FOR THE ASIA –PACIFIC AND

INDIAN OCEAN REGION

As the leaders of the world’s two largest democracies that bridge the Asia-Pacific and Indian
Ocean region and reflecting the agreement that a closer partnership between the United States
and India is indispensable to promoting peace, prosperity and stability in those regions, both the
countries agreed on a Joint Strategic Vision for the region. India and the United States are
important drivers of regional and global growth. From Africa to East Asia, both will build on the
partnership to support sustainable, inclusive development, and increased regional connectivity
by collaborating with other interested partners to address poverty and support broad-based
prosperity.
To support regional economic integration, both will promote accelerated infrastructure
connectivity and economic development in a manner that links South, Southeast and Central
Asia, including by enhancing energy transmission and encouraging free trade and greater
people-to-people linkages.Regional prosperity depends on security. Both affirm the importance
of safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of navigation and over flight
throughout

the region, especially in the South China Sea.

Both will also work together to promote the shared values that have made the countries great,
recognizing that the interests in peace, prosperity and stability are well served by the common
commitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

INDIA-U.S. DELHI DECLARATION OF FRIENDSHIP

"Chalein saath saath; forward together we go”. Reflecting the close ties between the two great
democracies, India and the United States agree to elevate the long-standing strategic partnership,
with a Declaration of Friendship that strengthens and expands the relationship between the two
countries.

"Sanjha Prayaas, SabkaVikaas; Shared Effort, Progress For All”. Each step both take to
strengthen the relationship is a step towards shaping international security, regional and global
peace, prosperity and stability for years to come.

Signaling the natural affinity enjoyed by the two nations, this Declaration proclaims a higher
level of trust and coordination that will continue to draw the Governments and people together
across the spectrum of human endeavor for a better world.

The India-U.S. Vision Statement endorsed in September 2014 committed both the nations to a
long-term partnership for prosperity and peace, through which our countries work together to
make the citizens and the global community, safer and more prosperous.

The Declaration makes tangible and enduring the commitment of the two countries to harness
the inherent potential of the two democracies, and upgrades the unique nature of the
relationship, committing our Governments to work through areas of difference.

Through this Declaration of Friendship and in keeping with our national

principles and laws, both the countries respect:

 Equal opportunity for all the people through democracy, effective governance, and
fundamental freedoms;
 An open, just, sustainable, and inclusive rule-based global order;
 The importance of strengthened bilateral defense ties;
 The importance of adapting to and mitigating the impact of climate change through
national, bilateral and multilateral efforts;
  The beneficial impact that sustainable, inclusive development will have on the two
countries and the world;
 The centrality of economic policies that support the creation of strong and sustainable
jobs, inclusive development, and rising incomes; and
 Transparent and rule-based markets that seek to drive the trade and investment necessary
to uplift all members of society and promote economic development.

 As part of this Declaration of Friendship, we commit to:

 Hold regular Summits with increased periodicity;
 Elevate the Strategic Dialogue to a Strategic and Commercial Dialogue, of which the
Strategic elements would continue to be chaired by the External Affairs Minister of India
and the U.S. Secretary of State and the Commercial components of the Dialogue would
be led by India’s Minister of Trade and Commerce and the U.S. Secretary of Commerce.
This reflects the United States' and India's commitment to strengthen commercial and
economic ties to advance mutual prosperity, regional economic growth and stability;
 Establish secure hotlines between the Prime Minister of India and the President of the
United States of America and National Security Advisors;
 Cooperate to develop joint ventures on strategically significant projects;
 Build meaningful security and effective counterterrorism cooperation;
 Hold regional and multilateral consultations;
 Consult and hold regular consultations in multilateral forums; and
 Leverage the talents and strengths of our people to enhance sustainable, inclusive
development around the globe.

JOINT STATEMENT DURING THE VISIT OF PRESIDENT OF USA TO

INDIA ''साँझा प्रयास - सबका विकास'' – ''SHARED EFFORT; PROGRESS OF
ALL''
 Launching of a Knowledge Partnership in defence studies expressing a shared desire to
pursue collaborative activities between the United States and Indian National Defence
Universities.
 Signing of the Statement of Cooperation for Supervisory Cooperation and Exchange of
Supervisory Information between the Reserve Bank of India and Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Federal Reserve System, and Office of the Comptroller
of Currency (OCC).
 Cooperation on scientific research collaboration on the Indian Monsoon Rainfall
currently underway aboard the U.S. research vessel JOIDES Resolution in the Bay of
Bengal.
 The recent finalization of the 2015 Framework for the U.S.-India Defense Relationship,
which will guide and expand the bilateral defence and strategic partnership over the
next ten years.
 Prime Minister Modi and President Obama jointly appreciated the significant efforts
undertaken by both sides in recent months to re-energize the strategic partnership, and
affirmed expanding the substantive underpinnings of the diversified bilateral strategic
partnership including through expanded strategic consultations, stronger defence,
security, and economic cooperation.
 The President and the Prime Minister affirmed their shared commitment to facilitating
increased bilateral investment flows and fostering an open and predictable climate for
investment. To this end, the Leaders instructed their officials to assess the prospects for
moving forward with high-standard bilateral investment treaty discussions given their
respective approaches.
 The two sides agreed to hold a discussion on the elements required in both countries to
pursue an India-U.S. Totalisation Agreement.
 President Obama commended Prime Minister Modi’s "Jan Dhan” scheme to prioritize
financial inclusion for India’s poor. The Leaders noted India’s intent to join the Better
Than Cash Alliance.
 The Leaders committed to explore areas of collaboration in skill development ranging
from establishing quality assurance systems for skilling certification standards, setting
up of skill development centres, nurturing and promoting social entrepreneurship and
strengthening the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.
 President Obama and Prime Minister Modi agreed to collaborate in the implementation
of India's ambitious Digital India programme and expand commercial cooperation,
including by encouraging investment engagement in the Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) sector.
  In recognition of the importance of their ongoing commercial discussions, the two
sides agreed to hold public-private discussions in early 2015 under the aegis of the
India-U.S. Commercial Dialogue for a period of two years, until March 2016, on
mutually agreed areas of cooperation.
 Under the umbrella of an implementing agreement between the U.S. Department of
Energy and the Department of Atomic Energy of India, the Leaders welcomed
expanded collaboration in basic physics research, and accelerator research and
development.
 The Leaders welcomed further progress in promoting bilateral cooperation on cancer
research, prevention, control, and management and agreed to continue to strengthen the
engagement between the CDC and India’s National Centre for Disease Control.
 The President also welcomed the Prime Minister's initiatives to liberalize the Foreign
Direct Investment Policy regime in the defence sector and the Leaders agreed to
cooperate on India's efforts to establish a defence industrial base in India, including
through initiatives like 'Make in India.'
 Prime Minister Modi and President Obama expressed satisfaction over the efforts made
by both countries to deepen cooperation in the field of maritime security, as reflected in
the 2015 Framework for the U.S.-India Defense Relationship. To this end, they agreed
that the navies of both sides would continue discussions to identify specific areas for
expanding maritime cooperation. They also reiterated their commitment to upgrading
their bilateral naval exercise MALABAR.
  The President and the Prime Minister also noted the positive cooperative engagement
between the Indian and the U.S. authorities with a view to working together to counter
the threat of IEDs and to develop counterterrorism best practices.

CULTURAL COOPERATION:

Cultural cooperation between India and the U.S. is rich and manifest in diverse ways. Apart
from the India-focused educational programs at the Universities and educational institutions,
many private institutions teach Indian cultural arts. In addition to the website
'www.indianembassy.org' and social media channels, the Embassy provides updated information
on various aspects of India that are relevant to the United States, through its various
publications, including "India: Partner in Growth", a weekly newsletter focusing on business
and strategic matters, and "India Live", a monthly newsletter providing information on
initiatives of the Embassy and the Consulates, major developments in India, and culture and
tourism.

MEDIA:

Indian media is present in strength in the U.S., including PTI, IANS, Times of India, The Hindu,
The Hindustan Times, Outlook, Pioneer and other Indian media organizations, which have
correspondents based in Washington D.C. and other major cities. The TV channels represented
in the U.S. include NDTV, Times Now, CNN-IBN and Asia TV.  Reflecting the growing
relevance of Internet based information dissemination, correspondents from websites like
Rediff.com, Firstpost.com based here also cover the India-U.S. relations.

A VISUAL RECAP: PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI’S VISIT IN

SEPTEMBER 2014:

Prime Minister Modi visited the U.S. on 26-30 September 2014. He held meetings with
President Obama, met with members of the U.S. Congress and political leaders, including from
various States and cities in the U.S., and interacted with members of President Obama's Cabinet.
He also reached out to the captains of the U.S. commerce and industry, the American civil
society and think-tanks, and the Indian-American community. A Vision Statement and a Joint
Statement were issued during the visit.

Key outcomes of Prime Minister's visit include new mechanisms to enhance trade and
investment, particularly in infrastructure; new modalities to implement cooperation in energy,
including nuclear and renewable energy, and climate change; new initiatives in knowledge,
education and skill development; new approaches to defence trade, security and counter-
terrorism collaboration; and new areas of cooperation between India and the U.S. in third
countries.

Under the U.S.-India Health Initiative, four working groups have been organized in the areas of
Non-Communicable Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Strengthening Health Systems and Services,
and Maternal and Child Health. In order to build up the disease surveillance and epidemiological
capacity in India, Global Disease Detection-India Centre was established and an Epidemic
Intelligence Service program launched. U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Indian Council of
Medical Research, and India's Department of Biotechnology have developed a robust
relationship in the biomedical and behavioral health sciences, research related to HIV/AIDS,
infectious diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, eye disease, hearing disorders, mental
health, and low-cost medical technologies.

India is learning from the U.S. experience in community colleges in order to meet our demands
for skill-development. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between All India Council
for Technical Education and the American Association of Community Colleges for co-operation
in setting up community colleges in India. It has been agreed to collaborate with U.S.
institutions in the area of Technology Enabled Learning and Massive Open On-line Courses
(MOOCs) to extend the reach of education in India. During Prime Minister Modi's visit in
September 2014, the two countries decided to establish the Global Initiative of Academic
Networks (GIAN) --- under which India will invite and host upto 1000 American academics
each year to teach in Indian universities at their convenience, and to collaborate in establishing
an Indian Institute of Technology in India.

CONCLUSION

The India-U.S. relationship is evolving against the backdrop of growing global disorder. A
recalcitrant Russia, a resurgent China and a fragile and vulnerable Afghanistan pose challenges
to both India and the United States. Additionally a series of ‘black swan’ events – from the
dramatic and brutal rise of Islamic State, to the precipitous fall in oil prices, and the inability to
curtail the Ebola outbreak – revealed how ill prepared nations, including India and the United
States, are to deal with them.

With the upheaval wrought by state and non-state actors to its west and inter-state tensions to its
east, India sits at the epicenter of the unfolding geopolitical uncertainty; New Delhi might have
no choice but to help manage the chaos and restore order regionally and globally for its own
interest. There is growing recognition in the Modi government that the United States is probably
the best partner to address these challenges and help India’s rise—despite the differences that
persist between the two countries and the questions about reliability. The Obama administration,
on its part, has repeatedly stated that even if India and the United States will not always be on
the same page, India’s rise is in U.S. interest—not least because a strong, prosperous, inclusive
India could help manage global and regional disorder.

Even before the second summit, a spate of high-level visits and consultations on trade disputes,
intellectual property rights, defense cooperation, civil nuclear cooperation, clean energy and
climate change, and infrastructure investment indicated the serious efforts that have been
ongoing to clear the backlog of hurdles and pave the way for enhanced cooperation in the future.
However, given the sheer complexity of some of these issues, coupled with the lack of trust
between the two bureaucracies and the entrenched interests on both sides, it is unlikely that all
of them will be resolved by the summit.
Nonetheless, it would be crucial for President Obama and Prime Minister Modi to ensure that
despite this the relationship continues to deepen and widen.This briefing book analyses some
crucial geopolitical and geoeconomic issues that directly affect India and the U.S., as well as
their relationship with each other. Additional memos examine the progress made in
implementing elements in the joint declaration and focus on a range of issues on which India
and the U.S. are or need to be cooperating, including in the foreign, security, economic, energy,
urban and social policy realms.

However, a successful summit is only as good as the ability to deliver on the promises made.
Here, both Prime Minister Modi and President Obama face challenges in their ability to deliver
on potential summit commitments.

There have been many false dawns before in the uncertain evolution of the relationship between
India and the United States. If India and America were estranged democracies during the Cold
War, they certainly became more engaged republics since the 1990s. Yet, repeated attempts at
elevating it into a genuine strategic partnership seemed to end up nowhere.

But India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Barack Obama ended their second
summit meeting in less than four months by proclaiming that a new chapter has begun in
bilateral relations. This time around there is good reason to be a lot less sceptical about the
ambitions of the two leaders to change the nature and direction of India-US relations.

The principal reason for optimism has been the change of Indian attitude towards America under
Modi. While both Obama and his predecessor George W Bush were eager to transform the
partnership with India, the United Progressive Alliance government in Delhi (2004-14) was
ambivalent.

While Modi’s predecessor Manmohan Singh presided over some path-breaking initiatives in the
nuclear and defence domains with the US during 2005, the leadership of his party, Congress,
appeared reluctant to embrace America.

Modi, despite his personal problem with America’s decade-long denial of a visa when he was
the Chief Minister of Gujarat, put the United States at the centre of his domestic and foreign
policy strategies. Obama, too, was quick to see the opportunity to advance the partnership, and
invited Modi to the White House immediately after India’s general election last year. When
Modi surprised him with an invitation to be the Chief Guest at India’s Republic Day
celebrations this year, Obama readily agreed.

If the first summit between the two leaders last September arrested the drift in the bilateral
relationship, the second one has set the stage for building a more expansive partnership in the
coming years.

The new personal rapport with Obama has helped Modi to find a decisive resolution to some of
the outstanding issues with America. Modi also set new strategic goals, including more effective
cooperation with America in securing the balance of power in Asia and defeating terrorism in
the South Asian subcontinent and beyond.

The outlines of a mutual understanding on implementing the civil nuclear initiative emerged in
the last few weeks, as Delhi opened purposeful negotiations with the US on resolving three
issues at hand—American concerns about India’s Nuclear Liability Act, India’s demand for a
quick closure on the terms of international safeguards, and Washington’s support for India’s
membership of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.

Although a nuclear deal that satisfied both sides was on the cards, few observers in Delhi were
prepared for the developments on climate change, which has long been a site of confrontation
between India and the United States. If the virtuousness of India’s international policies has
been measured in the past by their political distance from the United States, Modi promised to
“cooperate closely” with America to conclude an ambitious global climate agreement at the end
of this year in Paris.

In his statement with Obama on the joint vision for Asia-Pacific and the Indian Ocean, Modi
decisively repudiated that ambivalence towards the United States. The two leaders also agreed
to “develop a roadmap that leverages our respective efforts to increase ties among Asian powers,
enabling both our nations to better respond” to the emerging diplomatic, economic and security
challenges in the region.

Unlike the UPA that was reluctant to embark on trilateral and quadrilateral partnerships with the
United States, Modi and and Obama have put the idea of building Asian coalitions at the centre
of their regional strategy.

The UPA government justified its ambivalence towards America by citing Chinese concerns.
Modi, instead, appears a lot more self-assured in navigating the great power rivalries in Asia and
unafraid of building India’s comprehensive national power in collaboration with America.

Modi’s bet on a more intensive strategic partnership with America has been reinforced by a
revised and more ambitious framework for defence cooperation that the two leaders approved.
They also identified a number of weapons projects for co-development and co- production.

Equally important is the determination of the two leaders to expand bilateral cooperation on
counter-terrorism and homeland security. Of particular interest was their emphasis on “joint and
concerted efforts to disrupt entities such as Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, D
Company and the Haqqani Network”. Modi’s India is no longer whining about Pakistan to
America; instead it is seeking to strengthen its internal capacities to counter terrorism in
partnership with the United States.

It is going to take some time and some patience but it is clear from this visit that both the
countries have a new and perhaps, unprecedented opportunity in deepening the ties with each
other will remain our top foreign policy priority for the administration. So, let just say Chale
saath saath.
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