FOR AIOU B.Ed STUDENTS >Thesis (8613) » Practicum Report (8608) (607) >Lesson Plans Mand Written ( Decuiratied))) Available on Demand Masters Academy Rwp. WhatsApp Numbers 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195, 0308-5455195 0312-5455195, 0345-5455195, 051-5680195 ft ConmetGn Wihatsap pi turbe Sep STFASSIGNMENTSOn eZ 7, Ubu ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pal / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0321-5455195 / 0333-5455195 (Whatsapp #) S Code: 8606 Course: Citizenship Education and Community Engagement _ Semester: Autumn, 2019 Level: B. Ed zy SSIGNMENT No. s 2 Q.4 a) Define the concept of social structure. a #3, Social structure: > 3 ; : 3 2 Social structure, in sociology, the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions ‘3! whereby human beings in a society interact and live together. Social structure is often treated)» together with the concept of social change, which deals with the forces that change the social structure and the organization of society. Although it is generally agreed that the term social structure refers to regularities in social life, its application is inconsistent. For example, the term is sometimes wrongly applied when other concepts such as custom, tradition, role, or norm would be more accurate. Studies of social structure attempt to explain such matters as integration and trends in inequality. In the study of these phenomena, sociologists analyze organizations, social categories (such as age groups), or rates (such as of crime or birth). This approach, sometimes called formal sociology, does not refer directly to individual behaviour or interpersonal interaction. Therefore, the study of social structure is not considered a behavioral science; at this level, the analysis is too abstract. It is a step removed from the consideration of concrete human behaviour, even though the phenomena studied in social structure result from humans responding to each other and to UsPapers JL-5-ASSIGNMENTS2 2 SS: their environments. Those who study social structure do, however, follow an empirical (observational) approach to research, methodology, and epistemology. Social structure is sometimes defined simply as patterned social relations—those regular and repetitive aspects of the interactions between the members of a given social entity. Even = or] = a Ss = 2 = o = ao a = = o 2 = = = o o a es = on this descriptive level, the concept is highly abstract: it selects only certain elements from 1443100 usle ba! ongoing social activities. The larger the social entity considered, the more abstract the concept tends to be. For this reason, the social structure of a small group is generally more closely related to the daily activities of its individual members than is the social structure of a larger society. In the study of larger social groups, the problem of selection is acute: much depends on what is included as components of the social structure. Various theories offer different 3 solutions to this problem of determining the primary characteristics of a social group. 3 cde pers LS) Before these different theoretical views can be discussed, however, some remarks must be > made on the general aspects of the social structure of any society. Social fe is structured along “S the dimensions of time and space. Specific social activities take place at specific times, and S3e time is divided into periods that are connected with the rhythms of social life—the routines of ~(*sGuess Pa 1. 0355-54591 g5:. voueannso' clan Net 2 OS . whatsapp STATUS esnas Seen 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also A\ ible. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msas on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number)Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pat / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0921-5455195 / 0339-5455195 (Whatsapp #) 4s the day, the month, and the year. Specific social activities are also organized at specific places; } particular places, for instance, are designated for such activities as working, worshiping, eating, and sleeping. Territorial boundaries delineate these places and are defined by rules of property that Plus UI determine the use and possession of scarce goods. Additionally, in any society there is a more hid or less regular division of labor. Yet another universal structural characteristic of human sey societies is the regulation of violence. All violence is a potentially disruptive force; at the same time, it is a means of coercion and coordination of activities. Human beings have SES formed political units, such as nations, within which the use of violence is strictly regulated and which, at the same time, are organized for the use of violence against outside groups. 2 Ar b) Analyze the cultural elements of Pakistani society. 1. Religious Uniformity Pakistan came into existence to provide its people with a system based on Islam. The people, in spite of some language differences, customs and traditions commonly follow one religion. Islam is practiced by all Pakistanis. 2. Language A number of languages are spoken in Pakistan. Some of them are Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Belukha. But Urdu is spoken and understand in all parts of Pakistan. Being the official language, it is the media of communication between all regions of Pakistan Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| ur WE ALSO PREPARE ONLINE C ASSIGNMENTS REPORTS: THESIS: PROROSATS ard PROJECTS ht eee ORT eT neg rare Marae etch 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msas on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number) COsuleuk = REGISTERS 2 5 MODELS, CHARTS, THISES, REPORTS, fig 3 ey vutdedsUbe Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pat / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0321-5455195 / 0399-5455195 (Whatsapp #) “s_In Pakistani culture the male member of the family enjoys the key position. The family is headed 4} by a male member and in most cases, he is the sole source of income for other members of = the family. = * 7. Arts and Architecture a 1, The iconoclasm of Islam has given a characteristic form and pattern in the use of elegant > 3 “2 designs, based on geometric figures and floral forms borrowed from nature. The Shah Johan \y °S! Mosque, Shalimar Garden, Badshahi Mosque, Shahi Qila and many such graceful buildings are} “4a living proof of the splendid Mughal architecture. Ql 8 2 XS 2 ue 2 Q a a) Discuss the principles of group dynamics. s = principles of group dynamics: Important Principle of Group Dynamics Important principles of group dynamics can be quite repetitive in nature if the establishment of a ~ solid differentiation does not exist. However, here is an in-depth analysis of the important principles of group dynamics. Ne ’ The Principle of Belongingness An essential group dynamic is for the group members to have a strong sense of togetherness Moreover, @ group will not be able to function to its fullest without the coordination and belongingness that the members feel. It is very important for the group members to feel like they belong to the right group. Moreover, this feeling of belongingness is what drives the group to Papers Jt-5 s 3 2 px By co a 3S. Learning mediator Q = F s ; 2 “SJ The educator will meciate learning in a manner which is sensitive to the diverse needs of“), sy leamers, including those with barriers to learning; construct learning environments that are XI <4 appropriately contextualised and inspirational; Communicate effectively showing recognition 2 of and respect for the differences of others. In addition an educator will demonstrate sound = *\ knowledge of subject content and various principles, strategies and resources appropriateto Ss teaching in a country's context. “ 2. ‘Interpreter and designer of learning programmes and materials The educator will understand and interpret provided learning programmed, design original learning programmed, identify the requirements for a specific context of learning and select and prepare suitable textual and visual resources for learning. The educator will also select, sequence and pace the learning in a manner sensitive to the differing needs of the subject learning area and learners 3. Leader, administrator and manager The educator will make decisions appropriate to the level, manage learning in the classroom, carry out classroom administrative duties efficiently and participate in school decision making structures. These competences will be performed in ways which are democratic, which support Papers Jt-5 school, the educator will demonstrate an ability to develop a supportive and empowering pers2 £4, environment for the learner and respond to the educational and other needs of learners and fellow educators. Furthermore, the educator will develop supportive relations with parents => and other key persons and organisations based on a critical understanding of community and xy environmental development issues. One critical dimension of this role is HIV/AIDS education. ~>Guess Pa| ur WE ALSO PREPARE ONLINE C ASSIGNMENTS REPORTS: THESIS: PROROSATS ard PROJECTS ht eee ORT eT neg rare Marae etch 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msas on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number)s Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pd / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0321-5455195 / 0399-5455195 (Whatsapp #) 6. Assessor \|. The educator will understand that assessment is an essential feature of the teaching and Plus UI BSS Suites iJ Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| ur learning process and know how to integrate it into this process. The educator will have an understanding of the purposes, methods and effects of assessment and be able to provide helpful feedback to learners. The educator will design and manage both formative and summative assessment in ways that are appropriate to the level and purpose of the learning and meet the requirements of accrediting bodies. The educator will keep detailed and diagnostic records of assessment. The educator will understand how to interpret and use assessment results to feed into processes for the improvement of learning programmed. 7 Learning area/subject discipline/phase speci The educator will be well grounded in the knowledge, skills, values, principles, methods, and procedures relevant to the discipline, subject, learning area, phase of study, or professional or occupational practice. The educator will know about different approaches to teaching and learning (and, where appropriate, research and management), and how these may be used in ways which are appropriate to the learners and the context. The educator will have a well- developed understanding of the knowledge appropriate to the specialism. Q3 a) society. Role of education in orc nd prombtingithe culture 9 society Influence # 1. Preservation of Culture: Culture is the blood vein of a society, which needs to be conserved. It is an important function of education to help in the preservation of culture or social heritage.Education, through its specialized agencies, tries to inculcate the traditions, customs, values, arts, morals etc. into In addition to preservation of culture, it is @ task of education to maintain the continuity of 3 culture by handing down the existing cultural experiences, values, traditions, customs etc. from “> be stifled. Society reels in utter chaos and confusion. Men will become savages and human relationship will be broken into pieces. Therefore, the COsuleuk = rt REGISTERS 2 bli ht the role of oaueatigg in p®€seBving and promoting the culture of a 5s MODELS, CHARTS, THISES, REPORTS, the tender minds of pupils. T.P. Nunn has emphasized this aspect in his views on education. Our first prime minister, Pt. J.L. Nehru viewed, “Education must help in preserving the vital elements of our heritage”. Influence # 2. Transmission of Culture: one generation to another through its various programmes and practices. Without this “32, transmission, the nation’s survival may be the toughest task and the progress of mankindcan substance of unity in any society is its precious culture. The famous sociologist, Ottaway writes, “The function of education is to transmit the social values and ideals to the young and capable members of society”. 0335-8455195u" Wnaisapp 901 Cass Named 23 she! Whatcapp STATUS = Message Service Gur 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msgs on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number)YLale Ooi BSS Sites J Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| ur Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pat / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0321-5455195 / 0399-5455195 (Whatsapp #) Influence # 3. Promotion of Culture: Besides preservation and transmission, another vital function of education is to modify the existing cultural patterns in the light of changes visible in the needs and demands of the society. These changes are heightened owing to cross-cultural variables. Thus, new cultural patterns are formed by replacing and reorienting the old outmoded cultural forms to suit the changing needs of time and man. Therefore, society makes ostensible progress. This part of education is called progressive function of education. As such, education performs by constantly reorganizing and reconstructing human experiences for the promotion and enrichment of culture. Influence # 4. Equips Man to Adapt to Changing Cultural Patterns: It is an admitted fact that every generation after generation modifies the old and archaic cultural forms and adds new ones to the best advantage of theirs. This is possible through educational means and method. Moreover, education equips the individual to adjust himself or herself to the changing cultural forms and patterns for better and successful living. Influence # 5. Moulding the Personality: It is an universal element of culture that personality is shaped and moulded by education. An individual's personality goes on developing when he or she continues to forge a web of relationship with other members of society. This form of interaction is made possible by education according to the behavioural patterns or culture of the existing society. In simple words, culture is an informal agency of social control which helps in moulding and shaping the behaviour of the individuals in a desirable way. Influence # 6. Restoring Unity of Mankind through Diffusion of Culture: It is a dire necessity of the civilization that unity of mankind is to be restored. It is to be made possible through education which assists in diffusion of culture in an effective manner. Education should treat human culture as a whole like a full-bloosom flower whose different petals represent different groups. ww b) Suggest possible jers may socialize with their students in school and classroom. teachers may soc >. school and classroom: Role Model Consider ways you can be a role model. This doesn't mean you need to already be in great shape or have a rigorous exercise routine. Modelling this behavior could be as simple as finding ways to incorporate regular movement into everyday routines. Perhaps you plan to take breaks in classroom time to encourage students to move a bit or to stretch or walk around yourself. If you have interests that relate to physical activity, share this with your students either in conversation or by bringing these interests into your lesson plans. WE ALSO PREPARE ONLINE C ASSIGNMENTS REPORTS: THESIS: PROROSATS ard PROJECTS ht eee ORT eT neg rare Marae etch 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msas on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number) COsuleuk = REGISTERS 2 o 2 = o = ao = a = 5 o 2 = = = 3S ao a se =s Y Plus UI BSS Sites iJ Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| ur Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pat / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0921-5455195 / 0399-5455195 (Whatsapp #) For example, let's say you're a math teacher, and you're trying to figure out how you could possibly play a role in encouraging physical activity. While developing a math problem, you could decide to replace the language of one of the problems with a story about students riding their bikes. Let's say you like to take after-dinner walks sometimes. You could use yourself as the participant in a math problem discussing how many miles are walked in a week. Any opportunity to bring up the topic in the classroom is a good way to subtly introduce a range of activities to your students. Involve Students It's important to recognize that students have different ways of enjoying physical movement. Not every student will be passionate about team sports, just as not every student will like to dance or jog. Students also start with different levels of fitness. While it may be ideal for a student to enjoy some more rigorous activities, for some students, simply walking more often or not sitting still as long may be a great start. One strategy to try is a physical activity break, a short period of time in the classroom used primarily for (safe and appropriate) physical moment. Obviously, you're not going to be playing a full game of soccer in a classroom, so think of activity breaks that are modified for a small space and a short period of time Q.4 a)Elaborate the prdfess ef socia zat ri Aa Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms and customs. This process helps individuals function well in society, and, in turn, helps society run smoothly. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, and peers all play roles in a person's socialization. This process typically occurs in two stages: Primary socialization takes place from birth through adolescence, and secondary socialization continues throughout one's life. Adult socialization may occur whenever people find themselves in new circumstances, especially those in which they interact with individuals whose norms or customs differ from theirs. The Purpose of Socialization During socialization, a person learns to become a member of a group, community, or society. This process not only accustoms people to social groups but also results in such groups sustaining themselves. For example, a new sorority member gets an insider's look at the customs and traditions of a Greek organization. As the years pass, the member can apply the information she's leaned about the sorority when newcomers join, allowing the group to carry on its traditions. Stages and Forms of Socialization Sociologists recognize two stages of socialization: primary and secondary. Primary socialization occurs from birth through adolescence. Caregivers, teachers, coaches, religious figures, and peers guide this process. WE ALSO PREPARE ONLINE C ASSIGNMENTS REPORTS: THESIS: PROROSATS ard PROJECTS ht eee ORT eT neg rare Marae etch 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msas on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number) Gs pela REGISTERS 2 | CHARTS, THISES, REPORTS, Hs vt MODELS + A St ey Lap butde ss ¢.YLale Upouke BSS Suites iJ Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| ur experience, where many people interact with members of different populations and learn new norms, values, and behaviors. Secondary socialization also takes place in the workplace or while traveling somewhere new. As we learn about unfamiliar places and adapt to them, we experience secondary socialization. Meanwhile, group socialization occurs throughout all stages of life. For example, peer groups influence how one speaks and dresses. During childhood and adolescence, this tends to break down along gender lines. It is common to see groups of children of either gender wearing the same hair and clothing styles. Organizational socialization occurs within an institution or organization to familiarize a person with its norms, values, and practices. This process often unfolds in nonprofits and companies. New employees in a workplace have to learn how to collaborate, meet management's goals, and take breaks in a manner suitable for the company. At a nonprofit, individuals may learn how to speak about social causes in a way that reflects the organization's mission. b) Analyze the role of m the role of media in moni Media manipulation is a series of related techniques in which partisans create an image or argument that favours their particular interests.') Such tactics may include the use of logical fallacies, psychological manipulations, —outright_— deception, —_rhetorical and propaganda techniques, and often involve the suppression of information or points of view by crowding them out, by inducing other people or groups of people to stop listening to certain arguments, or by simply diverting attention elsewhere. In Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes, Jacques Ellul writes that public opinion can only express itself through channels which are provided by the mass media of communication - without which there could be no propaganda. Advertising : Advertising Advertising is the action of attracting public attention to something, especially through paid announcements for products and services.'S) This tends to be done by businesses who wish to sell their product by paying media outlets to show their products or services on television breaks, banners on websites and mobile applications. These advertisements are not only done by businesses but can also be done by certain groups. Non-commercial advertisers are those who spend money on advertising in a hope to raise Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pat / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0321-5455195 / 0399-5455195 (Whatsapp #) Secondary socialization occurs throughout our lives as we encounter groups and situations that were not part of our primary socialization experience. This might include a college COsuleuk = REGISTERS 2 y ww in manipiilating getial opin latigg soci %e | CHARTS, THISES, REPORTS, Hs vt MODELS + Fé St ey Lap butde ss ¢. awareness for a cause or promote specific ideas.'6 These include groups such as interest groups, political parties, government organizations and religious movements. Most of these WE ALSO PREPARE ONLINE E ASSIGNMENTS REPO ORTS, eHESIS. PROPOSALS and PROJECTS 0333-5455195u- AE ONLINE UiClass 7 Nameyi2 22 set Whatsapp STATUS = Message Service il 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msgs on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number)Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pdf / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTs Call or Msg 0321-5455195 / 0233-5455195 (Whatsapp #) 4S organizations intend to spread a message or sway public opinion instead of trying to sell } products or services. Advertising can not only be found on social media, but it is also evident on billboards, newspapers, magazines and even word of mouth. Hoaxing: A hoax is something intended to deceive or defraud. When a newspaper or the news reports 2 hal Pinus Ub fake story, it is known as a hoax. Misleading public stunts, scientific frauds, false bomb sey threats and business scams are examples of hoaxes.'”) A common aspect that hoaxes have is that they are all meant to deceive or lie. For something to become a hoax, the lie must have SES something more to offer. It must be outrageous, dramatic but also has to be believable and 2 a ingenious. Above all, it must be able to attract attention from the public. Once it has done that then a hoax is in full effect. Q.5 Discuss the working of some major institutions of society? Social Institutions are the establishment in a society work as the backbone of a society. Without yc 3t_ makes the society function. They jons a society cannot achieve fulfilment in terms of economy, academy or \pBlaflnships. are morelliely to in@ivige in crime and other harmful activities. ing such activitles. 9 a sO@lety and ple. Th different types of social set of Piles and nor Pe fe pi Gy follow them. The Its in rome GORD The people in poi is one of the most negative hen there are no rules and regulations in a society, peo Social institutions help in tay They contribute in organi institutions which col itt Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| provides good and services in return of other goods and services. 0355-54851 9610 Han sso ones Name 2 OS wed watcapy ar ATU Mesmge Saosin 3; 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msgs on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number) ur COsuleuk = REGISTERS 2 5s MODELS, CHARTS, THISES, REPORTS, fig 3 ey Lap butde ss ¢.Fee Ube BSS Suites iJ Papers Jt-5Guess Pa| Ube Seg STFASSIGNMENTS Once 7) USbu £ ASSIGNMENTS AUS? TO GET Pat / HAND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Call or Msg 0921-5455195 /0399-5455195 (Whatsapp #) with parents. It means uncle and aunt also live together within the nuclear family. Practically it is found today in Pakistani society where father is strongly dominant. Extended Family: It consists of three generations. Grandfather, father and son living within the family are a typical extended family. The three kinds are: a. Extended Family: Husband & wife and their either of the married children living together. b. Patrilineal Extended Family: parents + their sons + son’s wives and their children living together. c. Matrilineal extended family: Parents + their daughters + daughter's husband + their children living together. In Pakistani society they are usually called “ghar jawal WE ALSO PREPARE ONLINE ASSICAWENTS REPORTS,, THESIS: PRQRCSALS ard PROJECTS 0333-5455195u/ Whatsapp «2U' Class aTNameyid 22 eye Whatsapp STATUS - Message Service Gir 0321-5455195 Home Delivery Service is Also Available. To get Assignments through E-mail or ‘Whatsapp just send msas on this num 0321-5455195, 0333-5455195( Whatsapp number) 4s I MODELS, CHARTS, THISES, REPORTS, REGISTERS Bs tesa Oey rs > A Viel ¢.