ar The Consequences of Panelisation on Visual Inconsistency of Curved Glazed Facades ati Neesha Gopal challenges plot suneytainsuetryand forced ar laminated mathods or ot bent using Meimarat Fade Technology des gners wos used ores the sues. A rahalfeancalo ee farm slumped methoss, preliminary sesign roadmap was subsequently These cues pes ate serves ram at glass Keywords sie for nerming design secisions inital Vsuassues arise when ying to Final outline proposas for future ache the panelsaton by using diferent 1 -Panaiston2= Cold bent 3 Het bent = investigations and stuties to improve the bending ypes together. Often the seneliation VawatdstorionS~ Oualiy 6 Optimisation overall specication, production and visual wllalso include areas of at lass assessment a ben glass and curved glass The ype cl cuvatue canbe grouped int Abstract ulidings ae iene. certain arias wticn forth study are defined as single point, 2 pint radialceicat Increasingly designers produce inspirational Introduction and doubyy curved or fee form curved. This building images wit seamless curved Iagades categorsation forms the most appropriate The challenge is providing avsualycons'stent This paper is bases on my sissetation bending type. Figure Tingcates how siering lazedfagade allowing views out and light in submission forthe MSe in Facade Engineering panelisation can wluence aesthetic vith minimal gstrton and interference. atthe University of Bath 2015. The purpose of The starting pont is flat glas. This wil This study aimed ta identiy factors influencing the sty was to ilusrate thal panlisation havea numberof altritutes depending on analisation of curved plata facades, tne of curved glare facades alec vi whether itis nnesied or tempore. Further {subsequent impact onvicual consistency consisteny i identified potential vieusl fenmancements to the and finaly how quality may be improved differences between deren ypes of glass laminating and insulating have furthar traits Ie lustrated that architectural aivsion? and bending methods used andthe particular and then the process of bending will 2d anelsation fr a curved facade can be tributes eading to visual inconsistency further characteristics achieved in diferent ways: Wiangulating flat The understanding and identfiaton of “he attributes for Flat and bent glass identified ‘loments; cold bensing ty forced or laminated visual manifestations was used to assist, areas follows: methods ar hot bending by rasial or slump withthe production ofa preliminary design Visual defects: spots, scratches, formed processes. roadmap which ilustrates how rek el vsual Tempering defects: raller wave ed The study aperaised curren specification inconsistencies might be blter managed anislropy methods and precesces for production of fat thraughanimsroves understanzing ofthe «Coating defects, softhardcesting visual and bent glaze, Ths highlighted emssiene lice of diferent glaseiypes and irregularity due to poor appicaton, and inconsistencies in standards/guideines Laminated detects: bubbles, delamination and inadequate visual assessment ertera, Multi-layer detects: lens efects, Detectsfatiributes for aterent glass and Curvature and Bending Types IU detects piloning, Newtons rings, bending types vary and ths ean lead to visual Brewster’ fringes inconsisteny diferent ypes ate used The bending types gonerally considered for simultaneously. Case stusies illustrate the commercial bulaings are cel ten! using ‘ay ig sy RP RRP oe ree Ree Figure 1: Examples of methods of paneisation. grasshopper 3, 2015) Gg ~ 288 - 3B GPD Glass Performance Days 2017 288Hot bent glass maybe produced by radia ‘forming on ellrsor by slump frming on 2 mould The flowing attributes can be considered Rall formed ht bent: Visual defects, Tempering defects: Coating defects and sizcolouation of the coating: Laminated defects; Mull-Layer delects; GU detects ‘Slurp formed ht bat: Visual cefects; Coating Getects and discolouration ofthe coating Laminated fects; inconsistencies due to mould marks, ISU detects Cold bent glass may be produced by forcing ‘the flat glass inte form or by laminating the lass inte a form. The following atrivutes can be considered Forced ecld ant Vieual defects; Temaering delete: Coating deecte- Laminated defect Multi-Layer defects; IU detects; cshing/ creasing duo to over bending Laminated cold bent: Visual defects Tempering defects: Coating defects Laminated elects; Mul-layor detects; IGU detects; may sulle springhack D reviw af lhe UK and European glass standards/guidance was carried out for flat land curved glace generally relerred tain UK ‘specification for visual/optical requirements and visual assessment This wast identify ifthere were applicable cteria avaiable and whether there were noonsistencies and ‘omissions. The reviow confirmed that thet is no consistent guidance forthe ferent bent \ypes and ollen the lat glass standards are reverts to. ‘The stud of glace attributes fr the at and bent glas types wae summarised The production of lt glass and the enanced processes affect visual characteristics Toachiew the building farm diferent lypes of bending method may be required forthe panlisaton and each dfer in performance and visual atributes. The visual svaraceristice vary between fal old bent and hot bent glass. The consequence of panelist on using several typesis that visual inconsistency is more likely There is very limited writen guidance or industry standards to adsress the production and quality of cured glass or how to measure vieual sessment Visual acceptance erteria is subjective and not measurable, There is no guidance on managing the potential visual incansistencies between aiferent types, Different glas types ae required to meet bulging performance ~ strength thermal acoustic requirements ee. This wlimpact the types possiela to us, ood production metheds and contraling the tolerances ofthe material assit visual aualty ~The reflection properties of glass highlight visual inconsistency issues Examples of poor consistency between panels is show in Figure 2 and 3 Figure 2 Distortion between curved panels Figure 3 Inconsistency in cating colow Panelisation and Visual Consistency ‘The choice of the banding types can be considered against the key drwer for the project ~isualconsstencyfquality, cost ané programme, The plat survey carried out contrmed that preference for optimising visual consistency was to: e-panelise so all the lass is curved by the same method or keep the paneliaton similar tut optimise to resuce number of diferent pes. Figure 4: National Holdings Headquarters Baling, Abu Drab. (Mathematics in industry, 2015) (case studies show haw the panelzstion may be rationalised n oder to reduce the bending types and theretore allow forbeter sual consistency Figure ‘san example ofa project in Abu Ohabi designed by Zaha hadid Architects withthe rendering showing» seamless fase, The project was not bil, hanover sumber of panelisation studies as illustrated in Figure § show how the panelisation might be rationalized Panelisation Categorisation and Development of the Roadmap Hypothetical examples considering panelisaton caegorisaion were develoges, These were uses to inform the dession making process fr a roadmap for improved pactication of curved glas agade. The grams consider the panel geometry aswell 235 the atrbutes due tothe curing methods Figure 6 ilustrates the pros and cons ofthe Ailerent glass types when considering single bending with visual qualtyfconsstency asthe hey driver It shows which ype of glass colt be considered ifvisual qualiy/eansisteny sof low importance or high importance Figure 5 Interpretation examples of varying panelisation National Holoings Headquarters Building, Abu Dhabi (Stanford Graphics, 2016) - 289- GPD lass Performance Days 2017 OR,Design limitation ‘SINGLE BENDING TYPE Low importance + wit wit impacvater impacvater architectural architectural form and form ana visual éesion iment. 9 Good visual consistency@ ey or Figure &panelisaton categorisation: 2% negative trait for visual qualtyleonsstency positive tat for visual qualityiconsstoney Figure 4: Single bending ype with visual quay considered. Gg ~ 290- 3B GPD Glass Performance Days 2017 290If more than one type is o be used, the ypes ‘an be rationalised to have similar attributes as illustrated in Figure 7. Design limitation RATIONALISE BENDING ‘TYPES FOR SIMILAR ATTRIBUTES. key projectdriver VISUAL QUALITY High importance * Limited by radii ll Jimpact/ater architectural tom % Visuat inconsistency Fisk of raller wave. edge lit roller wave direction. $¢ Figure 7. Ratonalse bending (ees (or similar llmbutes wth visual quality considered - 291 Gg 21 SPD Glass Performance Days 2017 SIPThe following preiminary road map for innproved specication n Figure 8 was based ‘on a typical design process flow and identified the hey decision erteria that need to be considered daring the stages. VISUAL QUALITY voewney — |L¢][ srmanoms eco THE SPECIFIC eb PERFORMANCE eousTic CTR IAS ‘SAFETY REVIEW DESIGN AGAINST DESIGN INTENT AND PERFORMANCE. REQUIREMENTS, = = Figure 8: Prelminary road map parameters nOTBENT vada! stumpea As RATIONALISE coupeent |! paycuiaron FOR wderced, || syees int stata iarimguTes DEFINE DESIRED PANELISATION CRITERIA MAXIMISE SINGLE ‘TYPE BENDING ALLOWMULTIPLE TYPE BENDING quauity or cost or PROGRAMME Gg -292- 3B GPD Glass Performance Days 2017 292The map can be applied tothe hey Outcome of the Study and Future performance cieria The felowing example in Developments Figure 91s for mites budget as» key driver, Using the knowledge gained from the stuty and the feedback rom the survey. improvements tothe specification of and visual quality of curved glass buildings were lant ied: These are summarized ¢ follows: standards/quidance. + Ensure sampling and viewing in finishes « Aare tolerances andaceptance erteria caryin the design stage oer \ | aareo carmen \ | senase snoce + Improve praductin methods of hat bent "owen P| Su0oET a rE TPE EBON glass + pre dra ad colar consistency ot temparabl oatngs. “FRET say or + Investigate banding msthods used by ather ate ines gn rama: Cogremect ae ‘oomerpgoner =a esas + Research ew materials such thin een recreect glasses thot re bing desloge Siren Seca celarid= « Consider rathematal approach to vwereert o Tina” cama enquire tmencoe, Teeny LAsaBENOMG \. | sampes: Gin senna canola em Stes ater inonet ar hase we ere eren coe Fostehzageristney Umens Gapped irciays Gone no Terre hee conte nnped snd snd FE perms Sg coeteeeeremaceme Saal eaeeerert ered co epewaissteae | apa rar or “YTH SIMILAR ATTRSDUTES. fe eeereeecenes Sime Figure 8: Lites budget is key oi -293- Gg 293 SPD Glass Performance Days 2017 SIP