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    20 views5 pages

    Shaping Ultra Thin Glass PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dobrescu Gabriel

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Sophie Pennetisr Mark Bowers Suilaume Eoin Arup BIG Architects Keywords 1 = Ultra-thin glaze, 2 Cold bent glass 3 Sculpture Abstract Utra-hingass is nether a new proguet not new othe building envranment. tis yt very tle utilized in translucent facades for silfess, detailing and cost reasons. This taper describes the elaboration ofa cold bent Llira-thin glaze sculpture, frm concept to procurement, sith explorations worth he aye ofthe facade designers, The design tools, FE analysis and testing procedure and fabrication ofthe glass elements are documented ‘Introduction Inthe building environment, transportation, household ar artsticapplicatins, glass is general formed by lumping process, at Geformation ofthe glass, which means that ‘the glass shaped without the use of heat tony by application ofa sustained lading This engages the glass structural not only 25 rigid bady transferring oad like in the audacious Serves dela Vilete by Pater Rice land RER but where the glass comaounds are “subject to permanent internal bending forces Like in ather project RFR projects, such asthe Avignon and Strasbourg railay stations. The present work, ofa much smaller scale. Shaping ultra-thin glass «sculpture made of cla bent 200m glass strips, where the stanly andthe git of the systomis ensu forces ofthe glass, lacked into the strips connected to one anathe: The seulpture sessures 750mm by 750mm on lan and 7OOmm in height. This project demonstrates how a iterative analysis of the geometry and the internal orcs can result into ng ree form system, a process thats scalable ta the built environment ‘The use of thn glass in the ult environment has many advantages. Asif and thin glass facade system allows for the redution of the lass weight supperted by the superstrctur, Impacting ranspottation casts and energy Jemands as resul. The dural of glass ‘or eorresve envionment and ina chemi ta Vien accel, ie ser hermetic, compared to cther thin materials suchas pljcarsonate or ETFE, and ultimately ‘the optical clarity af the glass s unequaled Until ow thin glass products such as ing Goria nd Willow glass are used in the bulding environment within a laminate compound many for interiarlatapplications suchas wall cladding [Caring Inc, 2016) This atcle presents the fundamentals of glass cold bending, the properties ofthe thin glase product use forthe project, the elaboration ot the geometry the structural analysis and t fabrieaton, resistant ana 2Cold bent glass Cold bending 2 glass element consi deforming telactialy without the use of heat Maintaining the pending force i= required to keep the curvature ofthe glass ‘element. The geometry resulting fom the clastic deformation of lat elements i ealed-a developable surtace. Ths requires na distertion othe orignal at alemant, ae siecussed in further aetai in chapter 4 Cold bensing is particulary interesting in the built environment for the eeason that does not requie any heating process. The bending process can secur in actory ar ons, a Virlually at any ambient temperature Te facades of sevaral architectural projact comport old bent glass panels, such as the -hvignon tain station in France a the [AC Headquarters in New Yor respectvly Figure 1 and Figure 21 For these two projects, glass sheets were assembled in insulated Glass Units ICU] and the limiting component wasn't the glas tel but the shear ofthe primary seal othe (GU. This liilaion led lo larger curvature adi than the one the glass sheets lone could sustain, Hare the geometry al to keep exch strip in place and the structure stable only because o tothe connection to the adjacent lass pieces ‘lass warm bending ~ also called two step bending, cols-laination bending, amination bending - consists of ling up sheets of glass and interlayers) bending the stack onto a support jig and then laminating iin atoctve When the intial Bending force is removes and the laminate removed from the jg the shear inthe intriayer prevents the acsermly fom completly fattening. The use af he term warm for this fabrication process derives rom the fact thatthe lamination process reautes to heat up the compound to ensure the adhesion of the interlayer tothe glass. The lamination temperature, which degends onthe interlayer raters and pressure is aparoximately 80 to "40 de. which whichis wal below the otening temperature of glass, which exceeds 600 degC. Given the relative softness of certain interlayers, the glass laminate may pata Figure 12.3 Cold bent glass architectural project precedent lef right): Strasbourg Railway station (2011, AREPrDuileul) AC Headauarters (2007, Gehry archtecsl Strasbourg Railway station (2007, AREP»Dutileul! a GB, cep class performance Days 2017 -T6- spring back (Knippers, Fduth, Baden Pennetier, 2014 time history study 0 warm ben laminates The glass panels of he Stras station have been curved u Figure 3 arg train 9 this process 3.Ultrathin glass hicknesses between 2 and 22 mm. Thing refers to 210 mm thickness and ultrathin is posed or smaller thicknesses, from of 25 d Whereas mast ofthe archi um to 2mm ex al glass facades s soda-lime glass praduced ona feat tex have a ferent chemical composition and ferent fabri ion process Goria glass is composed a Figure 48.6 tis produced in thickness ranging rom 0.2100. 7mm bya proprietary fusion-draw acess Boia is then chemically tempered in potassium ie, which provides a surface compression sess preventing crack rogagaion. Willow glass, used fort roti neten,.s an alae boroalum lass [Corning Inc, 2014). tis fabricated by proprietary arliow process [Corning In, 2016) In thes process, the glass infusion ‘verfiow out of gutter on both sides down and fuses at the bottom point of the gute ee Figure Unlike Gora glass, Willow glass ism chemicaly tempered and present a breakage ne of annealed glass, iets iter sitar Willow gla ie produced in sheets up to by 1200mm or spools of 1300%mm wide, 300 meer ong. The minimum bend rads, deending on handing and suriace weathering, i 80mm forthe 100 um nominal Sickness and TBOmm (ar the 200 um naminak thickness [Corning Inc, 2016) ring the Benaing radi tothe bet charts provi ing [Corning in 4 design value of 0 MPa was extrapoates Fetained forthe design ofthe sculpture. nthe built environment, atrial reduc should be us oncomitantiy with reduction factors associated with lar example but not Limited to] shape size, load shattering in lang thin laces. Willow glace i= nated ater the oh ‘uring the fabria Dt the overtow usee ee BENDING STRESS (MPa) SeaRTTTE UTEP STEEP i aA LiEGaE NDING RADIUS (mim) Figure 7- Bending stress of 7 GPD Glass Performance Days 2017 RR 4 Geometry ‘The deformation of inextensble at sheets results in a developable surface. tis specific case of ruled surface, which does nat only apply to inextensible materials. For example, 2 hyperbolic paraboloid isa ruled surface which can be built rom the translation in space of straight lines itcan be but wth extensible ‘nylon fabri but not rom paper. Developable surfaces comprise of cylinders, cones and tangent surfaces of spaces curves (Cottman and all as shown in Figure 8. Conical shapes are ordinarily described bya planar Curve and apex point. Inthe context ofthis sculpture, we used a variation of conical shapes define by a space curve and apex point for each ofthe elements constituent ofthe ‘geometry. Figure ¥itstrates each step through the ‘generation ofthe geometry for this project. At firs ase of helicodal curves were created and tistorted smoothly to create desired quide ‘cures (Curve Set 1), The resulting curves are free form and da not comply mith any (geometrical rule, apart rom the fact that they ‘eed to not overlap ‘irs set of cones (Cone Set 1} was generated from each curve to an apex point I placed within the elicoidal set of curves (Curved Set ‘LA second set of cones (Cone Set 2) was generated rom each curve to an apex pint P2 located above PI so thal every adjacent ‘surface intersects eachother The Curve set 2s defined bythe intersection ofthe two Sets of cones, Lastly the two cone sets were trimmed bythe Cure Set 2 creating the final <éevelopable surfaces used forthe sculpture, ‘parametric model allowed the ine tuning ‘ofthe oometyin order to control the local ‘agivs of curvature Figure 8 Tis of developable surfaces Figure 9~ Geometvie principles 5 Analysis This project being a sculpture, it was at firstly analyzed to sustain gravitational and bending forces. ‘An trative process involving the round trp between maximum bending stresses ‘assessment and the geometry adjustment was performed ina 3D medeing soltware packages [Rhino and Grasshopper. Since each stip in pure bending, the principal curvature and bending srese can be derived ram Eq 1 and Eq, below, M= EVR Eq. ‘5 Eu2R 1Eq2) With €: Young's modulus of elasticity INmm®) |: Mernent of inertia Irmmél RR: Curature radius (mm) ts Glass thickness mm) Figure 10 shows a mapping ofthe principal ‘curvature along ane strip of glass. When required, the construction points and ‘generative curves ofthe strips geometry were adjusted in order to maintain a maximum ‘stress of 35 MPa, This value, which is smaller than the allowable stress extrapolated in chapter 3, was arbitrarily set forthe rst iterative process, allowing additonal reserve ‘capacity forthe elects gravity loading and potential buckling effects. Utimatey the FE analysis proved that the effect of gravy was negligible for this specific geometry scale and ‘lass thickness, Figure 10 Principal curature mapping only ‘one strip show for clay] ‘Alter the parametric study has been performed, the strips were flattened and imported int finite element analysis oftware [Sirand7l. For the analysis, 2 Young's modulus of elasticity of 75 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.225 were used. Each strip was composed of approx. 200 plate elements ‘of max. 20m with. The thickness ofthe ‘material was 200 um. The model totaled 2560, plate elements. Each stip was intial fat and lid by inks othe nades ots final pesition [see Figure 1A staged non-linear static ‘analysis was then used to deform gradually the ‘trips while the bending stress increase was monitored a GB cep class Performance Days 2017 -78- Figure 11- Links used for imposing displacement on mesh nodes ‘rom fat fbovel ben elon! Figure 12 shows the analysis steps. The glass strips are ported 2s lat geometry inthe FE nalys's enuironment ang =nrink ins pl ‘them inta postion A the last etage, when ‘the glass strips are cold bent into position, asjacentnades a the rags are coupled ‘ogether by sti spring Links andthe loag redistrbtes between the glass elements ‘The maximum stresses under tending case and ater assigning gravly tothe structure ware below the maximum allowable stresses, sath maximum at supports locations. 6 Models For the fabrication, the 30 geometry was ‘attened and laid out on sheets, Two sty models were bul rior to the inal construction othe sculpture desk model and 2 full-scale model Figure 13 shows the fabrication steps of scaled model made af OSmm thick PETS plastic strigs and assembles by hand with tape, The tie plastic Scaled model, an assembly 130 130m plan by 1a0rnm high assembly of 20mm large sti, served as communication fo0l and a first 100" othe fabrication sequence ‘The second fll scale madel was fabricated vith Imm PETG fils. Iwas used ae 3 template forthe agjusment af the supports nd jigs uses for the glaze sculpture. The ‘ul seal fabrication sequence was validated vith this medel, The connection detaing and assembly are not siscussed herein, 7 Glass cutting process ‘The glass elements were provided ang CNC ‘by Coresx nc, based in Virginia [USA ‘The friction pictures show in order: Lnraling he Wilow glass spoo, the GNC cutting operation strips cus for testing and

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