Prelim Exam in Pol Gov

__B___ 1. What is Politics?

a. It is a systematic body of knowledge which for the most part is theoretical, that
deals with the government and regulation, maintenance and development, and defense
and augmentation of the state.
b. It is the way in which we understand and order our social affairs, and acquire
greater control over the situation.
c. It is the science of power and manipulation.
d. It deals with the protection of the rights of its citizens; safeguarding and
enhancement their immorality; and, harmony and peace in their relations.
__B___ 2. What is Governance?
a. It is the manner of stirring a group of people or a state.
b. governance is the complex process whereby some sectors of the society wield power,
and enact and promulgate public policies which directly affect human and
institutional interactions, and economic and social development.
c. It came from the Greek word gubernare which means to stir.
d. All of the above
___D__ 3. What is meant by ideology in its contemporary usage?
a. It refers to the very ideas themselves which are meant to give structure and
meaning to the human world.
b. It refers to the study of ideas, from the Greek words logos (study or science) and
idea (knowledge or idea).
c. Coined by Destutt de Tracy, ideology means “science of ideas.”
d. All of the above
__D___ 4. What is a Constitution?
a. Literally it means the putting in position of things, or simply composition.
b. If understood then with respect to law, it means the fundamental, organic laws that
govern the operation of a group of men or a state.
c. It is that body of rules and principles in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are regularly exercised.
d. All of the above
__A/C___ 5. It is a belief where all citizens have equal rights and privileges.
a. Egalitarianism          b. Conservatism          c. Liberalism                d. Naturalism
__A/C___ 6. Why did Aristotle say that man is a political animal?
a. Because men naturally live in cities.
b. Because men, like other animals, live in herds.
c. Because it is part of men’s instinct to live together.
d. Because it is in cities that men actualize their animality.
__B___ 7. What does Locke mean by a “Limited Government”?
a. The government has the right to impose rules and confer rights to the people.
            b. The power of the government is constricted to its task of securing
and nurturing the rights of the             people.
            c. The judgment of the sovereign limits the action of the government.
            d. None of the above
__A___ 8. What is the purpose of the social contract for Thomas Hobbes?
a. To avoid the State of Nature and endeavor for peace.
b. To preserve the inherent rights of men which are not guaranteed in the state of
nature.
c. To allow the alpha male to acquire legitimate authority over the rest of the human
community.
d. To destroy the absolute freedom of men.
__A___ 9. For him, the intention of the subjects in mutually consenting to form a
compact is the protection of their rights.
a. John Locke              b. Thomas Hobbes                  c. Edmund Burke                   
d. Karl Marx
__B___ 10. He said that the psychological foundations of prudence and civilization are
fear of death and the need for security.
a. Adam Smith            b. Thomas Hobbes                  c. John Stuart Mill                  
d. Karl Marx
__B___ 11. Which of the following expresses the conservative ideology?
a. The reliance on the human ability to adapt and change
b. The reliance on the wisdom of experience
c. The egalitarian principle of human equality
d. The belief on the inevitability of a classless society
__A___ 12. Which of the following expresses the Communist ideology?
a. The belief in the dialectical movement of history towards a classless society
b. The necessity of a peaceful revolution to change the system of exploitation
c. Respect on private ownership
d. All of the above
__B___ 13. Is our today’s notion of politics similar to that of Aristotle’s?
a. Yes, because like Aristotle, we believe that politics is a human endeavor that does
not have anything to do with ethics.
b. No, because while our notion of politics is detached from ethics, Aristotelian politics
is intimately intertwined with ethics.
c. Yes, because like in the classical Aristotelian political theory, our notion of politics
today involves the mutual dependency of laborers or slaves and their masters.
d. No, because unlike Aristotelian politics which supports the value of women, today’s
politics is almost always about men only.
__A___ 14.Which of the following does not speak of Aristotelian political theory?
a. Politics is a theoretical science.
b. Politics deals primarily with the polis or city.
c. Politics should manifest the hierarchy of human life.
d. The end of politics is the same as that of ethics – good life or happiness.
__D___ 15. Why is it that for Aristotle, politics and ethics are intimately intertwined?
a. Because a virtuous life is available only to those immersed in politics.
b. Because ethics and politics have the same end – happiness or the good life.
c. Because to be ethical and virtuous, one must engage in politics, and in being
political, one must engender a virtuous character.
d. All of the above.
__A___ 16. What did John Locke say about human nature?
a. Man is naturally good and reasonable in his dealings with other men.
b. Man by nature is evil.
c. Men become free, equal, and independent through a government.
d. None of the above
__A___ 17. What is possessed by the government if it can successfully assert its claim
to rule?
a. Legitimacy              b. Order                       c. Sovereignty             d. Authority
__C___ 18. It is a distinct group of people who share a common background including
any or all of the following: geographic location, history, racial or ethnic characteristics,
religion, language, culture, and belief in common political ideas.
a. State                                    b. Citizens                   c. Nation                     d.
Population
__B___ 19. It is the complex process whereby some sectors of the society wield power,
and enact and promulgate public policies which directly affect human and
institutional interactions, and economic and social development.
a. Government                        b. Governance             c. Good Governance   d. All of
the above
__B____20. What is social justice?
a. Giving equal opportunity to all, rich and poor alike.
b. Giving preferential attention to the less fortunate.
c. Eradicating poverty through the abolition of private property
d. Getting some from the rich and giving the same to the poor.
21-40. Identify which of the political paradigms and ideologies embody the given
belief.
___B___21. “Natural rights of individuals and a limited government based on consent
must be upheld, and that private ownership of the means of production and
distribution must be patronized.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___B___22. “Social conflict is recognized but the resolution of this malaise is not
through revolution but through compromise and accommodation.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___A___23. “The society and its traditions, customs and authority are sacrosanct and
inviolable.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___B___24. Freedom of expression, religious worship and assembly are advocated so
long as those political acts do not go beyond established laws.
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___C___25. “Equalitarianism in the economic sense, for the elimination of the extremes
of wealth and property.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___B___26. “The state is the supreme authority so that the party that controls it is the
only vehivle through which the fascist program is implemented, oppositions
suppressed, constitutional government dismantled, and dissident cultures and races
eliminated.”
a. Conservatism           b. Authoritarianism                 c. Dictatorship             d.
Liberalism
___C___27. “Significant and rapid social and political change is necessary.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___A___28. “Society is a living organism.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___B___29. “Debates should be encouraged, dissent tolerated, but within the legal
framework.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___A___30. “Repression of contrary ideology is justified, and violence is glorified, so
long as these acts are for the exaltation of the state over the individuals.”
a. Political Right         b. Political Center       c. Political Left           d. Revolutionary
Politics
___A___31. “Citizens must enjoy formal equality before the law.”
a. Liberal Democracy              b. Non-liberal Democracy       c. Nationalist
Democracy        d. All of the above
___C___32. “Economic independence and right of self-determination must be
asserted.”
a. Liberal Democracy              b. Non-liberal Democracy       c. Nationalist
Democracy        d. All of the above
___D___33. “The progress of history is but the progress of the mode of production.
History is economically determined and that progress is leading to the eradication of
private property and social classes.”
a. Socialism                 b. Fascism                   c. Conservatism           d. Communism
___D___34. “An individual by himself is powerless before the state apparatus, but with
a group representing him and espousing his cause, he can stand firm politically,
thereby neutralizing the power of government which tries to ride roughshod over his
rights.”
a. Individualism          b. Socialism                 c. Centrism                  d. Pluralism
___D___35. “Society is an arena of contradiction between the owners and non-owners
of the means of life, the latter being exploited and oppressed by the former.”
a. Democracy              b. Fascism                   c. Conservatism           d. Communism
___B___36. “The government exercises unlimited power over virtually all aspects of
social, economic, political, and cultural life… all power is allocated to an elite group.”
a. Democracy              b. Fascism                   c. Conservatism           d. Communism
___C___37. “Things must be kept the way they are otherwise what some people would
want to perpetuate might be put in jeopardy.. status quo must be defended and
radical change must be frowned upon.”
a. Democracy              b. Fascism                   c. Conservatism           d. Communism
___C___38. “Governance and decision-making should be given to the so-called natural
leaders, that is, to men and women of talent, high birth, and property, for they have
greater stake in the welfare and fortunes of the country rather than to the masses or
propertyless class.”
a. Democracy              b. Fascism                   c. Conservatism           d. Communism
___B___39. “Individualism and pluralism, and other liberal philosophies which granted
so many rights and liberties only divided the nations.”
a. Democracy              b. Fascism                   c. Conservatism           d. Communism
___C___40. “The moral core contains an affirmation of basic values and rights
attributable to the nature of human being – freedom, dignity, and life – subordinating
everything else to their implementation.”
a. Socialism                 b. Conservatism          c. Liberalism                d. Pluralism
41-50. Random questions
___D___41. Which of the following is not a pressing political issue?
a. population explosion                       b. massive poverty and unemployment
c. environmental degradation             d. spiritual salvation
___A___42. Ideology is not predicated on what theoretical and philosophical
assumptions?
a. Political Theology               b. Philosophy of man
c. Theory of Society                d. Philosophy of truth
___B___43. It is that component of ideology that provides the guide to action, or spells
out “what is to be done.”
a. Philosophy                           b. Program                   c.
Propaganda                         d. Politics
___B___44. This is one of the functions of an ideology that refers to how the political
regime and its authority are accepted by the community, to how its laws are complied
with, and to how its policies are carried out.
a. Mobilization                        b. Legitimation                        c. Recognition            
d. Manipulation
___C___45. Another function of ideology that means the conscious and deliberate
formulation of proposition with which to incite people to struggle for ends which are
perceived only by those in power or attempting to get political power.
a. Legitimation                        b. Mobilization                        c. Manipulation          
d. Association
___B___46. According to some authors, mobilization implies three processes. Which of
the following is not included?
a. the recruitment of political militants who will spearhead the activities of a political
party or social movement
b. the invention of myths and superstitions, utopias and other illusions, for the
success in engaging the people
c. the reawakening of some former members or groups that have become dormant
d. the politicization of previously apolitical elements
___B___47. Of the proponents of the social contract theory, who said that the State
was agreed upon to ensure man’s natural rights to life, liberty and property, which are
in constant jeopardy under the state of nature.
a. Thomas Hobbes                   b. John Locke              c. Jean Jacques Rousseau       
d. Edmund Burke
___C___48. This theory holds that the state was formed through individuals who used
cunning and military prowess in consolidating and governing vast domains.
a. Divine Right Theory           b. Social Contract Theory       c. Force Theory           d.
Instinct Theory
___B___49. Who among the following philosophers would contradict the Instinct
Theory?
a. Aristotle                  b. Hobbes                    c. St. Thomas Aquinas            d. None
of the above
___B___50. Who among the following would go against the idea that the state is an
instrument of coercion and repression?
a. Vladimir Lenin        b. Jean Jacques Rousseau        c. Karl Marx                d.
Friedrich Engels
51-60. Tell whether the following statements are true or false. If it is true, then
write A; if false, write B.
A51. The vision of peace entail “waging war” against economic, social and political
structures that cause people to bear arms and which breed the suffering and
oppression and deprivation of people.
A52. Karl Marx said that social justice does not simply consists in implementing
certain social programs such as housing, social services, etc., though by themselves
these are laudable, but more fundamentally in addressing the specifically social aspect
of the problem which has to do with structures and processes.
B53. For purpose of ensuring the development and satisfaction of the people’s material
and cultural needs, nation must establish relationship of dependence and cooperation
with one another on the basis of mutual respect, peace and equality.
B54. All governments are divided into three co-equal branches, each is supreme in
their areas of competence.
B55. The legislative department is the law-implementing agency of the government.
A56. Cabinet members are alter-egos of the Chief Executive.
A57. Some instances of applying the principles of checks and balances are when the
Chief Executive use his veto power to reject legislation measures and when the
Judiciary render a legislation unconstitutional.
B58. The legislative body may be of three kinds: Unicameral, Bicameral or Tricameral.
A59. By virtue of their being the law-makers of the land, the legislators are expected to
be paragons of intellectual acumen, emotional maturity and moral integrity.
A60. The general function of the judiciary is to apply the law with as much certainty
and uniformity to certain specified cases.