OSI MODEL E

Layer Number Layer Name Layer Description N

7 Application DATA HTTP HTTPS FTP TFTP SMTP TELNET SSH DNS NTP SNMP DHCP C
6 Presentation DATA ASCII EBCDIC ENCRYPTION DECRYPTION Delivery & Formatting A
5 Session DATA Starts, Maintains, and Ends communication sessions between P
applications S
4 Transport Segments TCP UDP ACK NACK WINDOWING SEQUENCING (SCTP-Multi- U
Streaming) L
3 Network Packets IP IPX RIP EIGRP OSPF ROUTERS Logical Topology A
2 Data-Link Frames MAC ADDRESSES SWITCHES BRIDGES PPP FRAME-RELAY T
WIRELESS (Sub-layers: MAC & LLC) I
1 Physical BITS VOLTAGE CABLING HUBS AMPLIFIERS REPEATERS WAN WIRELESS O
N
Definitions:

Encapsulation: is a method of designing modular communication protocols in which logically separate functions in the
network are abstracted from their underlying structures by inclusion or information hiding within higher
level objects.

Meaning as information gets processed from layer7 to layer1 each layer adds its information to data
packet being formed

Encapsulation Order: DATA => SEGMENTS => PACKETS => FRAMES => BITS. These are your Protocol Data Units.

In the process of Encapsulation, it is the lower layer that encapsulates the upper layer.

PDU: Information that is delivered as a unit among peer entities of a network and that may contain control
information, such as address information, or user data.