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    Aviacion Aviones de Guerra Entre 1919 39 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Roy Flores

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 84
    Blandford Colour Series Tos twee} rows come by Se sen voles law alterna ot ‘very spec of ary sition The Sear of sgnent had tennfrmed Titi fon the pon of the few ino «seced mioary free wih speatiated deer aT feet eee ae ecg ete pret eeereee eae {to decades aeroplane design under et oo of toe eget toto Sas ai binary Rowry eng eerie le ee eet eal ca Comers, metal gray re Bleed peed tad ee wt pee ee eet eect eng rpc tees ‘monocoque ods, sad the mono. Fa tare tere by Dee {he Ba decide ofthe coor, a at ci gn er likewise creased in proportion Teoty of toe mone creafol—and eloerl~yec Jn te Hierey of Stliacy ait are presente fn Pegelenaby be lguerencceal thing eke, Ty tngs fo teecgerorh roy copied Sabie Uke he Sopeth Sipe to mach sleek peed epee BP op ad the cigheeaned Haw er Hrnane, sn ae presoted in the colours of many ofthe wor at fore both nrgend mal 275 net ‘THE POCKET ENCYCLOPAEDIA (OF WORLD AIRCRAFT IN, COLOUR by Kemeth Manson FHGHTERS ATTACK AND TRAINING Tncg Ac on Tring 2ONDERS DEPWEEN THE WARS 18708 ‘mag Pe ad Tempers Abt [DOMRERS, PATROL AND TRANSPORT oNRERS SERVICE PATROL AND Ul ed by Rom ase) BLANDFORD PRESS LID, Link House, West Set, Poole, Dorce BES ILL. ‘The Pocket Encylopaedia of World Aircraft in Colour FIGHTERS BETWEEN THE WARS 1919-39 Including Attack and Training Aircraft by KENNETH MUNSON Iiktrated by JOHN W. WOOD ek Paling BLANDFORD PRESS POOLE DORSET ist Published in 1970 © 1970 Blandford Pres Led Reprinted 1977 Blandford Press Li, Link House, Wet Sret, Poole, Dorste BES TLL, ISBN 0 7157 0750 coe Nop ft ny tena dnc ahd Heo ei cr any ‘sain wenger (ola int bythe Viel Pen, Deer, Holo "Tet rnd pd tls bo in Eid ‘iced Gy (hc Caceres) Le Baga, Salle PREFACE ‘The socalled ‘years between the wan’ ~ during which the world ‘was never fee om internal or ternational strife in one quartet tr another ~ vere pechape the mot eoloufil year in the short History of aviation, in every see of the word, Progress in actor plane design and performance wat predictably, slower thas it had been tinder the impetus of a tor war yet thee twenty year bridged the gap between the wood-and.abric biplanes of {otg-t8 and the mecalakinned monoplane of 1939-45°A alex tion of eighty fighter alrzattypleal a the period appears inthe ages which lle ‘Once again our thanks goto Tan D. Huntley, whore extensive sazarches into airrat colours and makings continue to be the undation upon whieh the colour plate aze Based. ‘Special thanks are als dc to Herr Roland Eichenberger, who generously allowed us fist use of special material concerning the Hacfelt irerafe gathered for hisforehcoming book Die Mite sage der ‘Sehuwte to s9rg bt het to LU-COL N, Kindberg ofthe Royal Swedish Air Force; io Mr W. B Klepaddl for much valuable advice and practical asstance with several of the French and Eastern European aircrat portayeds and to Mr B. Segawa for Similar kindnenes in connection wth the Japanese entries, CGratefal acknowledgment is alo made’of items published at various times by The deomodil, ir Progr, daation Magazine Invenatinal, Fxg Riso International, the Brtch apd French IPMS Magacnes and Peole Publications Lid. Bally, may thanks are extended to Ms Janet Howell for so Kindly under taking the typing of the mandseipe Unik Inte INTRODUCTION the ony air forces in the world of any stature were, ly enough, thowe that had taken pact inthe war of 1914 TR. Those ofthe defated powers were forbidden to continue to xi by the terms of the Armitce, while the al ore and ar raft industry in Rusia bad inevitably suffered severe setbacks from the 1917 Revolution, fam which it took several years to recover. Without exception, the reaction ofthe ther victorious power once the cone was ended, was to breathe a huge sigh ‘trelet and proceed with almost indeceat haste to reduce their Sefence Fores to small lel more in keping with peacetime budge. ‘Since the Royal Air Force by ie formation on 1 April 1918 tad became the fist filly atoniomous si service inthe would, answerable to neither the Ary nor the Navy its instructive fez ow quickly and by how much this service wa shrank fa the immediate postwar period. fa November 1918 ie had a strength ‘of rome 290,000 offoen and men, nearly 23000 aieraty 675 ther at home and overseas, and embeaced no es than 168 ‘combat aquadrone. Within a matter of months the number of Squadrons had ben reduced by over eighey percent, to a mere 433 of which ar were overeat and eight others were stl a the proces of being formed, Frets April 1920 ancl September 1922 the ene ar defence of Great Briain rested on one aque of Sopwith Snipe fighters and then even that squadron went over rea leaving the U.K. without ae defence of ay kind for the ext seven months “This drastic reduction in the RAF: postavar strength was tbaed upon the so-called “o-year roe for Imperial Defence, Which sumed that no major Hew wae would break out within {hat period now thatthe wart end wary wax over Alas fr the ‘optim = for the next ewenty years the RAF was never free of Etvelvement in socncbody’s wat somevshere in the world THomever, although thi policy was responsible fr the drop in y the quantity of RAF steraf it could note held entrelyaccount- able for the iniferent quality of is immediate pout-yar equ ‘ment, which caused the undue retention of several World Wat intage designs beyond the time when they shoud have been retired, (A nowable exception was the Brel FB a-eat fighter, tn excelent wartime design that gave more than a decade of ‘fil service after the war) The casing years af the war ad seen the sat ofthe clipe of the rotary typeof acro parol monoplane which fist appeared in Toa, the gap meanwhile being bridged quite satisactorly by the exeeiene Nieupore-Delage 29, which abo formed the early equipment of a number of ew oF growing foreign alt frees This fighter was powered by the eighteylinder Hiupano-Suisa Veesype engine, fist rought to prominence ia the wartime Spad VII and S.E-ja fighters. From this temmed a range of 12 cylinder io’ engines hat powered high porportion of French tiltary area inthe interwar period. "The Italian Ais Force alo suffered a quick and drat reduc tion from its November 1918 srength of eary 1,800 aera, but was reereaed as an autonomous service in 1985 after the acceniono power ofBenito Muslin andsubsequently expanded with comparative rapidity to Decome one ofthe angen a frees In Europe ‘nthe United States, a separate Air Service of the USS. Army had boea crested from the former Signal Corps organisation in Apel 1618, but for veeally the whole period of i involvement in World War + America had drawn fr combat aircraft frm European source, its home industry manufacturing mos tain ing arerat By the Armistice plana were well advanced for the exterive licence production in the U.S, ofseveral European types, Including Bristol ¥.2B and Spad fights, but production of thee wat curtailed immediatly the wat ended, a favour af the dever lopment of aieaft of domestic origin, ad the only feign ype ‘be builtin aubstantal number was the D.EL4 day bomber, At the beginning of 1919 i was planned to have a postwar Army ‘Ar Service af some 24000 aces and men and a litle over 9 {5000 aircraft; buta year later Congres cut the proposed military §viation budget by teo-dleds and the funds which it id approve Contained no allowance at all for new aircraft, The sie of the ‘Air Service was cut to 27 squadsons,istead ofthe 8 that had ben planned and only out ofthese were fighter squadrons. By fhe middle 19208 the Air Service had increased to nearly 50 squadron, but of @ total of neaely 1,400 aerate ot rength In fhe summer of r9ag only 78 were prt (Righter) type. “Ameria, ike Bia, pianed many of her post-wae hopes upon a single ype of acrengine, but fortunately her choice wae 8 ‘much happier one. Tis was the 400 hp 12cyinder Veesype Liberty, so named for patriotic reasons wile the war was sil n- had ben very much over-publidse, when it frst appeared a the ‘perfected! aero-engine, ata time when ie vas a vey log ‘way fom being perfect. But once i had undergone & normal tnd thorough development period it became the saple power= plant of many ealy postwar American ateraft wt the arial ff the fst succes rains such asthe Wasp aad the What vind, "Thus it was not unt some four or ive years afer the end of World War that really viable new ype of combat strat begat to make their appearance, and they mcladed designs originating in countrey sll relatively new to the military aviation scene such as Czechoslovakia, Japan, Poland and Switzerland. The mde 1g2os also saw the fs gn ofa new bnearough in he Inaterals of acoplane eonarvetion, even though the aircraft Deing built were stil based largely upon concepts evolved during the recent war. The Dutchman Authoay Fokker was one of the Ast to build aircraft whos astames were made of welded sel tube instead of the more Uaditional wooden constaction, and the seaciy of suitable timber coupled with the extra lightness and greater strength of metal tabes or strips brougt about an increasing we ofthis medhod of construction asthe years wet By. For some time, plywood and fabric castinued to be the main covering material, but as early as to20 the Brith frm of Short Brothers had pointed the way to fiture wens with an ambitious and farseeing design ealed the ‘Siver Steal which had is ‘wings and fselage covered with a srsed skin made of duraloe min, The use of metal for skinning a well a for bac airframe construction did not become general ul the 1gjey, when it yielded such beausflsueamiined monoplane a the Deweitine D 50. ‘Much of the ret for the ultimate acceptance, not only of stem cnc of he cn wig opie Concept of ghter design, mst goto the Schneider Trophy sea. plane race ofthe tga and ect 1930. Aer 1925 every anual ace for this coveted trophy was won by a monoplane, and he Final outright winner, the Supermarine 8.65, was to lead is designer Reginald Michell onto his ast and greatest product, ‘he legendary Spire ‘Meanwhile, other advances in design techniques and aero fcc) Dean Gout). Lithuania and OGMA in Portugal built a farter quantity unde Hence, The deat caunterpart ofthe Arvo 636, fag, and four sierat analy CRibpat Ot eang ie tick feelpt) were npplicd to the RNZAP at about te same ne ‘Rie Foe Tht vas a. Cheetah ‘Sisine sera with roundtpped Swing a'a ein (061 m) gree Span eahaneed ange and general rear copie 1 Avia Bikar ‘The Avia company sbi Bre coat ig deg by ‘quirement ued in 198, to hich Tenders were ao made bythe Aero fd Letov conceras, Bota all he ‘rope the Missy awe [BEL oe of Avs thee biplane ‘oan to the evoltion of an inproved design, the BEE-2i, with The teu was a urd ngewe plane wh ae pevorance, Sat! presi atch HH (he fihter was placed fo prodacton ‘Alitene handed pd oven were Balt by Aa to 135 an hy Sion the" BEErs, "was predaced having camera gun in place of the Feed machine sun armament of he Bult al "powered by 100" bp TegtirSom 8 fa) ais bel ‘under zene by Sins: One B31 ‘was special odie fr prt Tin fr compertive event, Race fs the BELA, i had a apeialy Uprated HS 8 Fb eine deveping ‘wing mpam and area, and won the Ban average spat of 14 mph (Goo. kn), “Another” machine, Segate tas), served poo type foe the later BH Ger When ‘cl with 480 Bp Beal Jupiter VI rail engine. ‘The BE 9 was 8 standard: Cacho ‘BaF! iro eat te {, Poland, Yogolaia’ aad the Usk 9, NiewportDelage neat the mat wide Stee to be employed diag the 2960-99 Dio the Neopet 59 wane fie of Gave Delage’ dss for 4 uatinary caine ited of the set ter tsi re tk ‘war produc, Delage desged his eter around the VecspeHipanae Stn engine whith Nad proved Seon in the wartime” Spd Tater. The Newport 29 ins Cigna rm van expe of «146 tap (235 kai) top oped, bt did ‘tl ate ia 99 ad ath to came a standaed fighee type with the French tie Mie, nd Alas ered in enantial mnbere Seth thea Bem of rte Sthneider Trophy rate. They did safer al, putepate, bat other ieuport featured i vacow her racing evens of heen 192 ted inthe Piglet apeeerg ‘elem in Hares An ec eg ofthe fighter war eased ‘uti 3, fom wach emerged Rai tag areas ard Sid lnereing alee oly. Ths Serio entered serie with French Feber njundron daring the eed aot tga and wasnt withdraw seuligah Det tine me ios ewe tap ese Frenchie NID ag Cs inclodsd venty to Spain, and similar umber f9 Sweden (by whom they ‘were designata J 2). Th adtion, Teence mansfctte was undertake [by SADCA in Deg, Naha a npan, ae Mace ny lof ‘loa bul the French fighter tant their reper a {Ere ‘The total number built in Japan lane ea i handed and ‘ight A hundred or NID ag fghteresines poered by lower fated Hispano cage of ely 180 py wre ay produced in France. ‘rotary-eagined vero, developed fom the Niag6 prwrrpe of 148 va ula he ND 2 fr pox. tin eve aboard irra exes ‘the Mari Nal 24. Mocing PW-9FB-: The PWro (tbe daignation indicat. ing Porm, Watercoled engine) Cine st the Boring Mode! the prototype of whe Hew fr the fa time cr 9 Api 19a, power brags tp Gata Det Veen Sms crated bath by Bocing tnd by the Army Air Seve, the Inter ten plasng a contact to ove this end two other prototype (Suchet wilh the deities XEWg Praiucisn Seder Ine ia September and December fap fr twelve and elites Pits repectnely, and ery of fhe ‘at production aera to USAAS unl fo Havall and the Phippoe bin in Octobe 1925 ‘The Po difered om the pra. ‘ype in having a diideale hing ger, ad ae armed ith (wo fred muckisepure i font of the pilots fring through the pro- Peli are, At sleut the sate tne the PW:9 bean to ete sence, fn adiinal twenties rere erdted ineoportng miner thence dimuon PW-OA. With Sher salt change the sieat eee the PUIG: fry of thee veee compete, inldig een ally ordered ae PWoB ‘Tas et Arey eter wes be the ured; "thaw bad’ whee bray, fncreaned rer agen and eet fialeed the, sindeed engioe rouphout Coraponding tthe US Navy mode ten of which were dived in December 7935 and Inter sete withthe US. Marne (Cac in China. "The desieation ‘va changed Fla hem dec rater sear was fled on 0 ver USS. Long, “The net Droduson version fe Navy wat fhe FB twentysewen of which were completed with 335 bp Pickard 28s1500 engines and Aaivered Se josuary tony. There Sree evra experimen model, own with vara ype of power ple Thee inlaed the NP (a Pip with Goo. hp Caran Vesta), FB-g (wo alte Packard Avan), FBsy (Wight Pat) and. TB (joo bp Rips Nap) The Warp ne hanged in Boeing later XPaB-t ‘kin, it flown on 3 November Toa and abeequenly evaluated by eo (Ge US. Navy. Thi edt tity two. producon Fabs git. Cinder forthe UL Rey, alse cary Sn 1938, and to Sear reat fr frat and Jepan. Further devdaprcat of the The design, th ame powetl engine and tone, wh ger Span wing, led tothe Pst, ee ine the U.S. Navy and vert St areal of the Fg In 1929 1 Cartes Pox and P.6 Hawks Grin te fos ne of Carte "wk ightere go Back othe PW ‘Snlosete, ioe of whieh, on 93 Tune 24, Lt Rall Maughan of the USAAS made a daworedusk leseocontincntl fight ace de USA Twenty.tte profusion PW were tall Ye" the US. Amp, and fom them seme the series ft iter ia he Prat (ctegeyitrodeced in ge. Flee Pity were ordered inal, Ser SPW-00 with apered upp and Inwer wing At the ame te nine Foc were ordered by the U.S. Navy, with foo bp Curtie Dist ngies Gatted of 435 bp in he ‘ey vein) aed pon fear Only minor improves Aftiguie subeequeat Arey and Nnwymodely hiheladed went fiveAn' twenty Sve Pay it tree PC and tity. ve PEC) rom 19a fryonelower powered ‘ening modes were ewenined ‘485 ip enna to bese the 1 and Po: wile the Nay acquire thane FOC wih Rerggo Wasp sel enn Meanwiie, ia 1927 two. mich: odie Hits fod teen refit Wels examples ofthe now Carte Conqueror Ver‘ype engin, and ‘wien thse fo aera Took fe Sd second pats I he Nasal Air Races of af, the winner Fegitring sor mph (35 Lee Sch pefrmance coud nt be igeored The. vo Haee aces id ‘beensgnted XP-O aad XD-6A, and in October 928 the US, Army ordered nine YP Sinaly powered, but wih athe levodynamie rem ~ fo er Nice tlle pur soother ane ar Plbae ll ltean were ted with Sain this form were reasoned POD. Final Fob Hah vara for the US. Army a the PE, fre the of wich wee dlr dora thesog fal year Threprnntad fale ede and as 20 mph (Ga Mnf) fer than the P-. Teollowed fom inprorements os two other proiype, the YP-20 tL Soha, wale tied ced tnd a 700 ip Conqueror engine in Snewstpie tower owing. which ‘limited the deepened ppeae- nce ofthe eater od Bight Guia ES were but oe the Netherlands oda Army Air Seven tn adn to thos forthe US. Ay. The Fat GR4 was the fist standard fighter Hallands to teeny sere ia Haly ace the Armistice of 1918, Tes development ‘eat Bega at the Fiat feo in toa withthe cotriction of 8 protiype GR. biplane, the init [tke anignation ning Cacia Rotel ier is denen. The toy was powered by 0 ip lipase Sun 2 engi, dvig 8 sxblade wooden propa, but in teas ordered in 19a the standard [powerplant chown vs the 320 ip KrotPachig Ao (Acs. A ate rer eae, bandred GRY were Sl, “ted thee Beran to ener service in ony with unto the Sms Css sed in Tay. Tn ‘ue coun fond way nt he tnd ofthe acrobatic space he Rage dot, wi where Forcing thane t be exhibod Im sstequnn yeas ne enero tion of Fat hers The mat Ginnetive faut ofthe CR de igh sual ong biplane fhe frat the serena ef sora Dietce by maing the lover ings nderably greater in pan tha 17 Flat Ran ‘The Kine of Talus fhe biplanes signed by Ing Celene Ronse of Fat began with the CRY of ‘eg. THE war lle bythe Gio prowtype in a2, lading Scare pie atin Ste, te Fat CR, wich nade i maiden igh ia smidagaS and wat the fit of Romie ‘Boker 19 enploy 2 asta eee oe he Trfre the Ro was ended i Iga production, and fur Inada ty thee fiber, in several variant were Balt ding the texto je The CR eral a sas te ab Se ee men ee Campaigns in Libya and ater ring the Taian fensves ta ites, Tt cmntinied to be ue (AR ti cary Ea er iter aod beer per of Baki, ‘dan inceation of i ying ‘aide pried by action Tees the Pale roa he ‘ica erbate ea wc ope feted the aan Ar Force st ‘Sopags in ely and overs En Pek bel ere sainel eter Tor the wining vole, A year te there appeared the C.RaoL a tosesnoat seaplane Apter variant Tint of ciate is ea] Martine Fighter Squadron the Sane dle Vail (igh Specd ‘Trsning Uni) at Dron, shores of Lake Garde, The Cae (Ger To = seaplane) wos flowed CSco bs bea soe 0 ‘vigil landplane version excep Eimprovenent a plot secon Inodon,inerea equipment ad Hing gee All model pt this ulate powered bythe 4oo hp Fat Ao engin, but the desig tion C208 (ais Qua — a tide) fa te bat pda ode indicated the i fi peated version of veloping 425 bp. The final sersce Frases wer tae GIL (Aa Tiled bors ofthe inno of sf that nae. The GR 20 Ao wa ‘anetred by the FatCMASA, ‘Snr at Marna di Pi snd wa freastveurie ofthe Patalie Ploy, bo found i eof a (Bplay petaomancs 18 Armstrong Whitworth Sieuin The Skin petwar Galera its rootin the Sddcey Si, the et prociype of which (CASA), wat Sale fier beed on he SEG an S27 eg prepared a the Royal Ae frat Facory, Powered by 9209 ‘ABC Dragonfly nil egin, was evel San Gad Et So th ffety months of 1619. Two fart Complete, and reports of the r= rats fying" ualies were ‘tremely faveurabl The egal rogpe wir sng a Jaguar, one of the fist seco See ‘ne of which won the 1929 King’ Gap alr race aan average to ep {oie be) Te fet protection Sloat fighter model was the Ske a parce at ‘Silin THT wa own ong Mace to24, and sty were bil nga eat twee emp 2 tghtcanncs with tio Seoipcand dal cots Denes ‘gam fn May tong to No at Senior at Neca nda nth Inert No ser Spiros at Dox: Sed, Thee ee oy too ‘Radeon fy the ME, whch is Flawed yea inter (eg “ceeba tga) ae Sevan she San THER. hie Aired fom Ts pecdersor in ‘rng ardent the upper wing no ene oy fa agerebrged Jaguar IVS fine of 3 hip. Agee, hee Strela “cighopivo “Sat “This Bae inched on Hed thd“ by the pent Sropny, Exe by Bier, SSOP by Winco ab ak Gla sod yee by Vick From midager” they ‘eran t0 Tepe the Seis 1 Sdron {00 the Gres of Nog and we sequently equiped Now, 12 ne, 44 48 and 11 Squad Sout ene ce Slit, abo esngeset, warn dhe courte ed with landing fear and doce Royal Sed Bir Fore in 125, andthe Sain fedicine soled carpeted Siac and to MEY, a Sa So The REAP rected fe Se Il rea resid tox6 adopted. the MDA pete a eel str 19, Gloster Grebe Fotowing hie devdopment of the ‘ieuport Nghthawi/Gioter Mats fighters (92), HF. Foland ened (he Gntcotentire Aiea Co (Gloster, for whom in igs0 Be Aesigued zeal raier, the Gro. Tnigagasopiosent development of (he Geta pared, powered by 35 bp Armatrong Siddeley Jae Ttteagine wich gaveea peed sf over go ph (qt a). This rope (af) had eiinally een andere at Nighthawk but seas completed tend athe Grebe MMe Tard ade is fw puble Sppenrance atthe RAP Paget st Hrdon in Jone gay. Like the Grout, I featured me en tiple oa lit upper wing and teeta lower wag, cad wh (he Jaguar IV ar i andar owerplnt wae ordered it pox ‘ction a he Grebe Il. On hare eed aod. twentpnine production eke were eventual bs hit total lading thre for New Zealand and © proportion con pleted ar seat focal i frat with dal ental. One a the Ite (75e0) wa the snr af the tg29 Riggs Cup sr race.‘The Sint Grebe her to ener server were Akivered to a Might of Non Squadron in October 1923, and Grebes subsequently served with Noe ig, 25,292 50 5 Sqadrooe inthe UK Theve f Ne a5 Squad ron in paral became ote or thee spear seca dips {in the midaape The at Green online weve (with Nov 1g aed 25 Squadron) were epics by Sekine in rat, Atbough a ghly rmagoeuwable lide fighter — at ‘hidenced by seo peri Soca the Grebe wat jet tos egres of wing Mute, whic lel 0 {her addon, on. lteprodaction ‘Stray aa Vstrat nti ae ‘ain iseplane srt to counter Ih teadeney. Prt f the area (tera sobutnea ws proved by foe Grebe, which became he ft Sesh ger to survive (ot a0 ‘ph ~ 380" hayhc) a oral ‘elociy dhe Other Greer were ed or Sis eopeimentl pure Prey, of which perhaps the met Intrening’ was tat th Ccaber toa, when a pa of these alert weerecanfedalutbenethtie wp Figg and vlewed the i The {patee fighter comp! wat ue sted other counts noth the USA ad the USSR ie the 29pm but in Bein was cade ‘wih the ataedonment of sinhip (velopment aller the ‘erah a Roror a 90 22 Gloster Gamecock The “Gamecock deign_fllowed {eqoeny converted ao io ‘tlie coniguation, allow Sag ie perance io the 1005 ‘hte competion twenty Bvevrere trsered forthe French hr Fors Vavious experimental and record: ‘paring vera ofthe bse ND 42 were flown during subsequent ‘eam, but no further ss pce {on wan undertaken, tn 19 how fre, there appested the ND 3, 1 Gevlopal elon with 2 metal. ‘ad sea, Dimes ae ideal tot prederor and wat likewise powered bya” joo hp Hispano Suis HS ra Hb iid: oled cone; but wat sme 15 pb (24 lhe) slower, dpe ly a marginal ieres in grt tele Teva place production by Hapa in Spain, who bait one ‘Bunsen twenty ve Taya ‘when the Ciel War broke ut in ‘ogG, and the capaure of we of these bythe Nasional force led Inerabiy wo. aletosir combat Tewen oppsing plo both wing thetaene type fahter The major typ inthis sequene, however, wa TeNGD 6e af 958 show principal outward difeences frm the ND $2 were brosdercord wings ith Sonar sslrony, an enlarge al plane and an HS 12 MP exec fvng a wen propeller. Tiree Indeed and forte were bat forthe Pench Alt Parcs ae were faliwed by trce eed ted Sha expla &f the ND Gon, wah Bh ts et mpeg ‘isin, metal propels and ler fons eoveing he entre walig-ee ‘Stboard of the cettreweton c= ‘ut Tele icra with Cersine $2" Hoe eagles but otheneie Prine tastes G2 Gedoignated NID 7s) were ‘olf no. 16 Silerentsipercharger tome ‘an and an oe-cpe nding sexe Pity NiD Gags were completed ‘Tae line ended with «sary ND fa, orginally = Lorainengned sacl waguipane with mused ff wingtip Te appeared capt, fear he yea wan converted {Sto a monoplane soda Spain, By the end a 9a the hitter Arete higher squadrons in ato. pultan France paewed between em she hundred and sire ‘Mera OF th, two hundred ood Biyrone were NID Ga oF 6a ompured” with vety Likes fe cg- Gre Witt pos Tee Gite of te Dewtine Dapo Ped only one dra of the se Bead at Lyonsten. Dut many tad beet wamiered wo. Baader isnt, is ar some were sal cpeinal September 505 ‘hing ye wes wed tory tomers he Germany mrecping acrm France, GG Tig and “THs orted to fying 4 number af Ness sy EKW C35 Wests f Thon, Steen, tholved eo etre” dierent a ‘fan deg in 1994 10 eet a Shi goverment fegieren fora SSopeengined, 2oext reuntabe ‘stand cwespporacepine © ferles the velit Feber GV, (One he C96 was a deatontng fetal moteplase, while the ter the C3, wat a Rptane wid 2 Nadim” appeirince aed Seting ie my nape “he ope i wes inna apace Ping pohape tat the oder Shicentypreare to ake the fore moda projec, the. Svs foremment edie the, biplane oy ad ded two prt tetas tor and tos) be come ‘ie Te it tae war Hows ENDO A putin conta stsegecty paced br eghy ie aon 0) ier hich ean to reach ape agua four toware the on of 9p The 5 an peed by 2 Hapa Sola “te "Yon Veouype tar ‘uo egg, bic med 2 ‘Sen cannon betwen the ender Toi te eth he propa Ib ond i wan able © lin 10 Towog 8 (5000 mn 8 mca, In thir ee wo yea of sri nly two C38 were lat, the ruining Coen cai ae a lgetmyesquarone Shen war broke tin September {oop These eae nsec Sta yellow eng pple Seta in 1942 by an tonal ‘Sant aera fogigo) completed Cerca back throgh veer af Seal, seni fighter, bea: ‘ing wid the He 97 valved inthe Tite gooe and conning vin the Hogi He gy and He yp Tear the re jam, detgned by Seta and ‘Wailer Ginter and flown for the fa tne in November 1950, whieh ‘ciel became the peoteype or the He gia, te fourth He 40 ‘entodying mlicint modietions Seagton Thissierah (LEY) year consruction began of nine Preseres He gio for service {easy and delivery of th begun in the summer of 134. Delivery ofthe fst production model, the He See sated ix Ap 1035 f0 J tga, and ine to J 131 and Ey in rego te next prosucton model Bega to enter seve. This teas the He 5if-t preceded by wee preproduction Bo and ‘Giiring fam it predecasor in tevin odie landing gun bse ‘on included a numer bat at twinoat He stb for wave at ‘hal fighter ttn A he end hay 198 se He gt the tof ‘any, were set Spain to sport {he Natiosalat frets in the Ci rently one hundred nd sy five He 51s served either with the Nationalist Ale Fore or Germany's Ligon Cody ithe Ci. War Flown by Spanish pilot, the ist He gis achieved sore Carly see tu be en, 8 ont te, Soviet furs bana to spent inthe Repubeas ania he Cerna fier fund eal com Piety cuted and. rlred Sighting in Spin had bon Foomation of He 5 contined operate wth ome eft sa ground ack rath ole fe wih the He 1G was bal rm the out. Those sped othe Franco foro wore He 310s ile thee Se the df Sanger and. were deigaated He 51a butte dappeining rents Sshenod sr sfchtern Spain Sree reared by the He's ove showing i comparative ls ‘rk wil the Aro Ar 68 ed to. fo wihieewal ect Arve Lefeefe ger uni 10 ee ‘Bev ning ae 138 wal of seven hundred He st production srr were bil This Tnalded seenty-ve Acts by ake, one undied and tent five Gating seventy ve A) Sp Arado, rounded by Eee ane ‘vo nde a et half whic re He gC) by Fee Gp Arado Ar The Ar 68 wae the tecond maior plane dshtr to g0 Into enrvice kh ide’ Laff, 1 ewe for {he at nein gp having een ‘Asigned by Ing Retief Arado se Hinkel He Fie protoyperere enpeted the fist (DREN) and fourth machines each bring powered. tyra 730 hp BMW Vi engine and the" remainder by the 610 Np Jonker Jomo 210A. Depite is Tower power, the latter eagne cuiarel n tach bate peri: nce, and as hoped total Ein in the fet meta pootueton amever development and delivery thle ofthe Jomo cal ia the Th -powere Ar GO bel pro deed ft to brig he gop etl fhe AR GRE bee” vue, Delve othe Ar 6OF begs theta 19g but a compar ‘hea ae, bal pli of Jum sad and sto ‘Sz pring te Se de iste Ar peso be sade in te flowing sping. A abot this tne the nw Bop monoplane okie wan underpin ric ial Ter as did ot neil pel {he recat end the Ar 6's inte career, Iaded, a umber et tl in Lag service a he ateeak ot Word, War een ‘Se were pred inte Cimeracney sight Sher, although ‘i tape at Ar 608 had een Mncered to training re. The |ANOME aod F semaine! the only Sierra, Bt Oo lier ‘Sperneel model were esau ‘Flee mee the Ar 690, rected iat vernon abandoned fo [bet ofa mabe porerplan, and the ar GL The ter was a che Modied deveopeenty wih 20 eld ep our macine- gas {Shad ofthe normal two, and a {aap BMW geal agi. ‘ctor, but by now the Br to had ‘sabe voi as the Lae ‘Sindird Baker pe andthe AP Sih sept ney ‘The Ar tn which appeared Toor, was cried mn the bse AP adage foe ose aon the (German strat arte Gf Ze. {rte deepen ns abaoned siteronly thre prototypes one with Juno ate engiee ard to wih BIW 192) fd ben completed. Jo Fecke Wolf Fo 4 Slestier ‘Soon the St sine in the a Soret f tegen Bo a4 at thet stat lobe dite Dipting, rt Tank afer he pant Teal Dccor Foc Fee Gott Bremen I bene oe a {hem wdc aera Se dedag Gets fence bag bate Corman Fbribe bone et nd cert ‘sony ee ull rnd under eae The Fw ga wa te pet type br the P'gO mar o- ie venoms et mee to fin proton Bg te For ‘Gu Ths poweed bya 10 ‘ipa Act tee og, ba ‘nny mall qu wee bul fete Bag aupencded bythe Ferg Tue change 10 hp Bia iamoisemns Sh A ‘dal engi eed fm cer av cntguatn, reducng the ‘erally ghia et ms eres emt es iy invade al Shoe Toe ail te Spun te endl, "wid deat Serle warenclie standard ‘pps eupayed forte ae rene re psf te chr pap Home prouton tthe Steg war tare by several fe ia "be Geman! aca Idee and minal umes foe tie bale Be eat to 193 atin, Cie, China, Finland, Recmnia snd Turley. The For 44 trae abo lt under ence In tired by the Baguette ocraft Fury. were designated Dae, whe eghyfine were but Sr Seor the Royal Sed Ait Fore by ASJA ad. the RSWAF Workahep, and rey mare by Fabrica Gales fr the Bean ‘Ae Fore, Larget overs pio ‘Guta asin Argetion where ve fnundeed wee bait by the FMA ‘ator at Cordoba, and in Cztcho- Avail, where tc hundred were Completd by the SRD works a Prague, The Sega wat employed ‘och asa tary Uainer and ean Sing cla in ny parte (othe wordy and abana umber continue tobe i eve ‘Stlenentary tenes drig World Ware nop ith HIM oR inverted in fine cage A clemcking Seer Wan mepitac ute es da iidahste mn Indi fear eee pce a er produc fio’ ier i198 and dives began ete the fd ofthe yea Input, dere a tb Stlinbeg bythe ale ‘orton, wh ney wan SES" errmtion te hich ia realty cited pinay ‘paolo centr ea fandemecal De ae Backer Sevelped in 1933 the BL 1398 Jjnencer (Vous Champions & poses fended or afpened Tlnog including arebae, The prope Jonemencr (D-EVEO), ins Tos hp Hirth EM 6 cgi, Nos thecely Geman camps {ohare an lode engin, bough ‘thes were bulk chewbee ht {hs ope of powerplant Two Pit during Word War 1, beare ts pia the Seda Nay in geo and ater became managing Brecon of Svemts Aero. AD ‘Stockhcts. Heretred to Germany in vages and a year ster formed the Bicker Fogeegta Gr Bt Johanna near Beran Ts Geier ice” degre, A J SNnderaoe, began developing the fat ot what was to become a wor famous were aro bt ale Gate Thies war the prototype (D-ase) af te Ba 3¢ A Jnana (aung San), which mde est Fig on April 94 powered by 4sg8, and’ that with n 160 bp BrampSiemene Sh. 144” radial fine being the i 1950. The former war not alr all bale Germany, but cis s94t—q2 CASA Span baits ‘lal et ally Jusgmciten which Sacaded a iby Hintenged Bags the ‘emainder were 84 199C Licence ‘amfscue of the Bi 1930 as ‘ho underaen in Switeland Domiers Alera factory ble fetyeven fr the Suis Al Free, Wich acqued four others diet From Germany, Preuction of the Ba 4950 in Germany was extensive, sod fndaded machines bal for ‘export By the end of 1567, June ‘nana andJengnelten wee iyiog, feel and lary gue, In ‘early ent eouneey Meanie, In oyS Ducker had ineduced 8 nw veron ofthe eat Jungmann, {he Ba gid Powered by 4105 bp “ih HM so edie engine, tb ‘war adopted by the sow oflly ‘etntLafeafe au ty andar Primary tring mira the 130 Seg andar. IP eect al sents ane Be ee Gcthosratiadarng ete Sogou A large numb of Sune ‘heer reel yng the word teday (nanyow ith aierent pomerplant) and cetaue tesly {eh fundamental enelence of 42 Blackiuen Bor He By ued by the RAF as SSetyaide saeat wainer doing ‘ie sagen war developed fom a ‘citer sat Backbuesiplne own ar the Macird. The oral ed war degned to compete Inthe Sepember #4 ua staged St Lyme y he Alt Minty Step towards procuring. a owe Proeredeconoieal taining ry but the prtagpe mackie Sw mat compel in time ‘The Bistied as noe aera the jet of any RAF odes bat 3 Salle were bal fr ein ‘nner Thre bane ves af ie Sonder-consrution Hace pe peared, and hen in 1929 appeared ‘he tard IVs in which he bake peeneeer pre [Feel ad rain wit Covi ere, Te a \eoriel do tae lacuna deg, which bad fealaknoedfaage ea fpesed fhe it ne in abi a Sine rose. "The prose (G- ‘ABU a meted By a de ‘Haviland Gipny HT enti, and took put a month Inte, wt the st production Ba (Cris Hermes IW agi) he Rio's Cop ne ‘ce at eoandh Eater tt year the Paragon goverment placed fonder for st ot and ther Production. siterat began. be Uslvered to chvian-oprted hing Shoal in the UK. Production of ‘Reepae acral were mam ferred fnclaing the prtope fd thee for Portugal. The Fe Snider ecved foe veel youn, mor of tem ther will te Reserve Fag Seal a Broo Yorkie, epee by the Nee Seu Aern and General Transport (Ge, or with No 5 Elementary and [Reeve Fiting Training Sel at Hower Miedees administered ty Fiyng Teaming Lads Thee ‘sat bore cian rehab, tut were ued enemy during Vinee eS the tani of ito the RAF and RAP Re- eve Only the finale Bs bore {Tega which were delivered 10 HRS an A {ogy and continued to ere fot many of the ch) machine) Mer the outbreak of Warkd War 4 Stampe ct Vertogen V4 he Sq eeat bpm tana, paseat by Ste and cotepeny of te a oviland Tiger Moth, Both types ‘see powered bya DI Gipsy Major gine in thet prodecton frm although the orginal SV, fit ‘ow gy had 10 Bp sy MT engine the SV48 an the ‘naj prewar venion of Ue to, ing ‘bait for both ce and lta ornate ed employed San aera eapable of providing ‘sin in bane and. svobaie Tying, bin fying, gunnery, rio ‘operation and aerial howgrapby. Prodtinn of the type ontinaed ser Werld War, whe theformet tnanufuctrig company merged ‘i Acrnsutigues O. Renard 10 firm Stampe ee Renard SA. This ew company cared ot sereng ed repair of prewar SV ad SRB aed ogy roumed pro oct ef the ltt venien © Fait an ore ost veo he fin Pg En te Thee had fllyendoued cockpit ‘st India aing hood for ‘Sek ew: member Ta. Panes, ‘Shen handed amples of ven sown athe SVC were bal, fee govenmentaupperted Ovag flay bythe SNGA du Nord: Thee had open cok and were powered by” hp. Renault 4P ces, but were eee nar {ole Belgian ede, 4 Gloster Gas He Ghumet open cnckatfgter biplane ~ wns Solved fom a Chater deien Enon asthe S318, bul to met fhe reqitements of Air Misty Specenoe Fo(sy and flow for {he Gi tine fo 192 Ts compare ‘iv tls wih the Bete Bulldog Sod Hawker Haney he S818 feria Jpg) tok cn thd place ‘ot by sich a narrow margia hat loner’ ecided to continue Scrcopeet prvmicy. Te bcos the S104 a yea ater, when the ‘gna Mercury TIA engine was fxchanged fora. Jupiter VIF, ‘S368 when th powerplant was {turn replaced by a) Panther ‘caging apd S819 ia 199 with (Vopr “VIIEP "and edierun ‘amament. aly, a he $S.108, Kwan recngined wath « Mereary Vibe te Sor wag gun were Femovedy and inthe frm i ws {eaflown in the spring f Ign ‘Teemyoar reduction alreralt thd onthe Sea were ard in September roy, and delivery of ‘hes began in May ta t9 No 19 Suadion, Thaw wire dosonsted (Gaon I. Tn pl 1995 a snd ‘test wi laced far ne handed Sod for Gauntlet 1, dieing nepali dn the method of thet rerio, and thee” bagan 1 fnterserize fom May 109 IWonzally the Gavatler wat ao replacing the alert hich hd ‘eaten some eg year ear ~ Yh Brat Bldg "amd at ta pak oforvine in the Ine oeing ef "og? equipped a le than fours RAP home dphter squadrons, Over- all the Gaunt served ith Noe 3, 51% 19, a2, 46, Sh 3 OS i, 3 th 86, th 135,15 ath, (i, oa, bs, x5 and Gb Sad ‘ona el vat aig ‘heallnends eabliinent The triginal Mk were ly phased fut during ga, bat he sucraors ‘minoed 10 bere, later en ‘pertins in the Middle Bas, Uh 1040, ands fo emsined in Serice "iil ae iste ar roy. A Secsod ‘batch of one humdied (Garett Ts wan erred in Sep tember 2935, hur bringing over (Gaunt production, oda the prototype, to hundred and fentaibe aera all bal by Gone 45, Gloster Gladiator ‘Nhe time Air Mini Specie: ‘on Figo wat ied calling for 9 four day and night ier wi stopspesdfagomph (408m), GGleter wae already despy ive in developnen of the her teat Wa emerge a the Gaunt. Se Gee BSL etic them foundered on the uauitaiity tf the RolleRoyer Gost engine Sound wich they mere designed Ths in de course, Glatt dele toparse a devdoped version fhe te. Gaunt deg an 4 rel entender. Based pen the 645 hp Mercury VIS engine and desgated SS. st vas completed snd foe In September 9p Inthe lowing {ae way desired bye A Koo and subjected to prolonged ‘alain whe ed fn Je 1935, to the pacing of an inal cone teat fr entre peoiction echins Thew rere beporerd Dy the Go bp Mercury I, fed si four Viees guns (ihe petoe Tape ad ad wo Vikas st Levi}, and they were given the RAP name Glaitor: Boverey, faily with Lewis pune ia the lower” wings, were made in February/March 2957, the fe ee ‘rat being alate to No a7 ‘SeuadranatTangmee Meanwhile in'Septemiervgy9 = sibel stcand contact had called for ‘anal one hundied and eight {Giaiatrs and two years that date cit hone fights squndrons of ‘he RAF —Nov 54 35 65 72 73, 1 and 87 ~ wor iy operational ‘Mathis type of Baer Gade twee a prove the lat biplane Eehterstoserse wih the RAF, thee ‘cmwor being the Harrcae ad Spire monoplanen Toe began 10 join RAP squadrons trom the fd of 1997, bat thee acelin 20 ser malel the edie of te Ghat a a fsbline fitter, At September aa titra of the Slthten flleaperationl fighter sjundons in the UK. were ep pe with Gladire oe Cauley fed “an overall total of fur Indeed and rte Claire eee eventually bul for the RAP bebe prediction erase i e040. Take atin sro Gerd in the Figs toay-45 volume in syst Usk were ay perc Ie ceniderale numbers Stes inched ent to Bela, ‘hits to Chin our to ie, to Grene, Iwentyaie to Latin Buren to Litania, twelve (Nery, Sento Prt, deen te South Abia and pve 48. Feber D2XVI and D.XVIL ‘he rejection by. the Lackner hing (Sedheland ie Pore) of the DAXK and DX, had lt it fay postwar Fokker DAT be Planes which had served it fr Tigot a decade, Another Foe dees, Paice in tga bat never sd rom hr Folder evoled to2g a new Apher, the DVT, teeth enent LA rurement ‘wan light and highly ianacur- rable ipl and lew forthe Bs fine in tesp powered by an tneowled 436 hp Armatong Side ay Sees ean gee Intron measure the LVA ordered fen production DXVTs Geis 75-203) wbich were genrlly Siar cept tha thir engine Ons of te Geet (er) os Int rcited witha Bristol Sercry TicstenantSandber, one af Holland's mont noe acrobat Plott the ne Seer DVT Were abo completed, fr expat 16 (Chin (one), Hungsy ur) and Maly" (one, andthe Chinese (eames tere Ba poco se Gah" cf Maral Chang Hue Tang, the miliary governor af Maschura. Those for Hungary vee poweved by Join engines Ti tagr Foes ban tet-ying of second, D.XVI proce (2), ‘a vtich was teal Cures Conqueror Va1s3eligudscoaled Veetype engine This wacom led vial with the objet af Frordien 5 DLVE fhics ple ‘ment fr the Netelands Indi Amy ‘ir Serie, bute wa fnetered aulable and no orders sree placed: However it underwent Verte moieties fo sgey to emerge atthe prtoype fo the D-XVIL ta thst ea acre set the NIAAS, bat era ‘ld nat find theese) fds © Place preducinn conten. The LVA aid however, caunte the DIXVIL, and mteoquenty ordered ‘Thee were powered by an amt. mento engines, the 595 ip Rol Rojee Kote! prodaninangs eter Powerplant tnd te O30: p HiujereSuis 12 Xbre and’ te ua ipLaraine Peel, Armament, Ben the DXVI, conte ot 75 tm gu ie the upper oat aise pe DNV set = ew Dah satel alte rsa on 8 emey ten dada aniel Ercesa the Tort yng, ‘then Holand was even a ap toe, Far in 1950 Feler prox Jected & DVI sara, with Ta S89. nares ‘capt tha wal earicl estoro f DAT monoplane er The Avia BI her, developed by Tags Pavel Benes and Mvtlay Hijo fom thee eanir BEL, wasn can develope by Aine Adsigner, ng Frensck Novus, Into the B of saghs Ft Sow {nigga with a 839. bp Avi (ipanoSuis) Vieg® ean, he 2B og wa interned in al With ser powerplay, and Eee Tine of devant that sued there emerged the 4. The pote: type was down i Aut £9535 igo hp Hspanosuiza He 12 Ys "Veesyper engine, and a Inproved win of thie enne (ihe HS 23 Ya) vas ehesen 0 power the ase hundred B sq4 Ehter thse were ordered italy any B 594% had’ open cock, btw hiding od war itodced on. later production alert in ‘which too he our gus mont (iealy fa winger Sneed lathe sds ofthe ont foelage.‘Stesmlined wed ‘i fbn were al intaduced oo Ier Protection. "Bsr Fity-four lampler were completed of a erson known at the, Bk 394, Irountng an adaonat 7 Imachineun Grated of the 7 ffnnen tend) between he ‘finer Beka fo Bre ong the ‘ropler hb. Peformance ofthe | tees Sd inthe team sace atthe 1999 Tnvenational Al ecg in Zatch slreaft of this ype came second fly to the Menenchmtt BT 205, thee sterage speed beng otha {mph (i kmh dower than that rhe German fighter Altopesker, Tur hundred and frye Boge (ot incu Bk 34) weve ae, fod thoe elegant fehters were the standard equipment of Caecho- oval fighter squadrons from d time of the ft deliveries i the Second alo 1935. In 103 Tolowing the German eeupain ot the twe constituent Gescoeatinn tater of Baberaa. and Moravi, laege sumbers of Ava sy were stared by the Sovak At Foret ‘ihc Iter aed them i operating esi the advancing Sore free Many ote were ined bythe Laftafe foe econdine dai, fod tec were lined for al Tard the nevercomplted German sirerat caser Gre) itl I {97 farteen were ped othe ‘Yego Air Force and three or Bier to Geme o raoR se ‘The bak ete ofthe Roa dmiged R20 were retina fa Wig next major dein, the C236, wtih was tll obi amy foe home ted eis of Se Raps oma ac et 2° Se ite in Lipa Small quanties vere al bat for Aare Cia hd Paraguay. ‘The C90 wat powered by a Gon bp Fat Aso figs, bad @ organ armament nda top spel of 7 mp 30 Em. Compared wehbe CH, ‘hada moreealv-conld engine, ‘roped poner stead wheal cil to ihe tn fa the Cg wat followed in 1933 by ‘he Se ight ofthe even Irth improved CRg2, show three Inded and ity’ o which were fentaly but with G20 hp Fiat ‘Xo RA cog aod an amet 5 cf two Vices or Bot machine fgea mounted in the top of the Fodlage: The Clg was stone, ee fighter, mh ed by Flt, 0 mini” the acing ety i freon by vote mouse of the Pale debate beobate tama Ta) Ang 2096, Giga fighters mere sent Spa oF the Tending ter ermations tn the sige of Fran's Nalonalit frees Three bundred and ehty Gages were sed by Taian and ‘Sanh reais daring the Gl Wor, beeing Eno fo the ater the Chin. The overall oa of {Gxgevarans reached one thor fad two hundted and tele, the Intl versen beng foloned by the CRs wich had the Ago Sign te nal ow 77 paced ae eee eee frm 110 (5b) bomb, Over three hundred ofthis model wee tail, being supplanted on he Prodtog nesta 196 by the ERgaur of which about one hundred "were completed This ‘Bode wa basically inde 0 the provements in internal esuipnent Eid modifications tothe landing feat, "The lr and most meron ‘econ ofall wat the Caper Both “he GR and gat, reverted to he onal armament af vo guns ey. In perfomance and poke ro epee Else ghee by the ute ‘st World War a, ldough with the ther C4s eee Mr 1959-45) Sait coutnte sre tthe ff the svlale fighter strength af ‘he Raga doom, Due a8 highly" vente aeroplane, and fentiued to be wed uit exter- Sey dnng the easly war eat, fhiely tn Gresce and Bas Alien, fer atch duties ar night Shing ea cow rppore Foreiem pare ase of the CR gah and (pat Uiluded Ausra olvn, hina, ‘Huneuy, Paraguay’ end Venera a Sain, Hapano bul the hundred ofthe CR Sou a8 fhe HSsiga ter orig iy 49. Grumman FE or forty ef alton’ Sst seventy Seat de name of the Grumman Kiera Engineing Corporation fas bec alma smonymaus ih US. sural vision, and inthe Tiny, ‘wth naval ter More PRs, whieh was Gru ‘man fist aia dodge for the US. Navy war's render fn {Sober to aves versa landing sear, The prototype NEF (A070) ‘tar bie cotract placed on 2 ‘Apel 193, sed made tu Best ‘ga voor the end ofthat yen, bby sas ip Writ Gylone adil ‘changed for 2 730 hp Cyclone the APF reached a speed during test 01 mph (ox hme), ate than sty OS, Navy Behe then ‘ervngs production ander ced for wentyscien FR, delivery 196 Which began to Fighter Squsdeon Wregh (USS aiegt) Jone tosg, Ie service the Fix became nay Kowa, alt ner tthe Pil Mesowile Grammas bad compleed = second prope (tng) to saen out condi tian se the XSF, fom hich ‘Byethree production SF were ‘tecgueny ordered They dered fiom the FP priniely in having revised Internal equipmeat and in Tring powered by Rbaodg Golene intend ofthe Reibaoyb del inwtalled ia the Sper March 194, and they served (0 hoard ‘he Leung) wth Seout ‘Squadron VSB. One XSP- wat fb complied, shaving a rat ‘& Whitey Wasp engine lace af the Cyeone, Both the es and SF wes witheawn fom Sette US. Nevy sgundrone by the ead of top and reallocated to reserve ‘Site he Fr ill bang Insevioe late in 1g. Later, hen Sie with dual ctrl the FE ‘wan redesignated. #Fa" and wat Meet fr irutional dues The Gatadisn Gar Toumtny Co {ithe FP, of which i compeed 2a of flgeteven some of them Sembled fom” US-ait. con mente Fiecn entered wih Nov 118 Squadron of the Royal Ginadan Ale Frc im #04 a the mane Goblin Pr ttn he ramp was dave 10 ‘Neareges, ord leer) one © Heed) Si roy ty wee vermont, but eee It fact sesh he oak Repu 50. Grumman Fak The High pevormance of the Granta FF sect gh, leh exceeded that of any ear Iype of US. Navy fighter, made it ioe inoras tant a tngloeat development shoud be eae. ‘Ti wok the form of an XPaP1 prototype (eri mumber 95), freed in November 1998 aed flown the fate on 8 October tga. Inthe toby shape of ie Tide prottype cam be seat the fist rea slg of he outline ter to be ctme fctor on nach well Town ert Gre pes the Widest, Helles and Avenger, ‘The XPAFt showed, daring ay Aires age fe eae fester tha the areadinpeesive SEP ad doce, aod this peor ance wat very quid rewarded with an ender tn the US. Navy J May 1954 foe Miyieur poe ction Fafot, dtiry of which ‘were Squadrons VE-aB (USS Eat) and VE-gb (USS Rng), ‘which coutinued to operate thee Fhe unt ogo se tg epee teye Falowing tee sequent Widraval fom tine service eee ae ‘dona ater war oder and {hie irae wat devered. to ‘month ster. Tad crested wing ‘pan and a longer isle, and wat Intended to serve a prototype lar the nxt Grama Hehe develope 197 ‘met, the FyP1 Tit ew 20 Sisco, bt was deteoyd {ath nlp to dase nd et Ssh was ordered 0 teplace fe 3 Ceumma FoF seaplane atone, the Sst aera Intended to serve i petty for Grumman's Taf fighter design (rhe before competing eer ae CRUTA cope Was theretee ble, but is 0 was Sowetvds it made is fat fight fo 9 May 193 and cred on 17 Slo. Some undamaged eomponenis fenstrucion of 8 third XPSEs Geral number 9727) and his competed te fnlning Navy ‘ae atlactry To August 1085 Se ender was placed fer itor Production Fgfst the Seat The Bega be dered 098 to Squndrns VE-SH (USS fimge) fod VE-SB (USS Suge, with ‘thom hey coined to eve uni Tove. The Fafet was powered by a Pratt Whicey. Twin Wap {ele radia in the next produce fer inrone inthe diem of the er coving, One XF9Pea prot ‘ope loyal ea flowed by ht fe prodactn siren the et of ab par eeeeelin peas 1 Desens sony. Oi eh fi roaster sage Ager developed forthe Navy 10 hte and shit mode! served ith Neo (USS faspris) and with Marine Corps Squadrons VMIP-1 sod VME, Ti took place in 08 wih the XFQP-s proteype Gosia converted Fake ited aE soo, diffrent propeller Split ndings, medied com Improve overal peroranee They ened in what was tote the nl reduction "order for Craman Fehier biplane, for mentyscen ofajs which were dalvered Is 9699 and. which browsht the vera! producton of FaF series ‘hte fo one hundred ana sey fue trerafte Mest o te FSF eae eter to VES) (USS or tun) ee VE-7 (USS Wa). By Spence 109 all US. Navy ad Mivine"Carpefahter squadrons ‘were cqupped with ether FaF or oP sccsiglesatrs, which were ot aly ithe om sine Secu ays when they were Tallcatedi aing dais sa. Wibaule 7 series ‘The fine gic preoiype devine sed “bale by "Miche Wibal WSS a hiplane, whieh apeseed Ia toy Ater Word War Te bea {9 four monoplane dens and setae easiness {he adeanages of alhnetal roe lle trctre Hs 323 Wits teas a setleamed hte With Eiccoerl sutacoy but year later he produced the prota of the Witt in which thesia ‘veting ven abe meta. "This nee weed bya Gore Rb upiet P Al coped satel engi Ted feonnd aed thi prooryper, {he Jupiter 9 Ag daplayed” an 198 alent ete of lib for their {bay ~ they could reach 19.129 (goo my fn st unde 1 tes nd the general prance ‘he Witty in th oli ter ‘competion ¢ tag wa revarded ‘yan order fe 8 bach of pro- ‘ere aera for evalnon Up the French Ale Fore. The ale ert Ctluded. mccoy, and te ‘Sra sabeqonty entered soce {tab for higheltte isecetor utes with the gand gmat ‘anasin at Dien. "The standard ‘Production version a he Witt 1 whic had suru armament {ro Vikersia the ape ano Dame une inthe wings, leo: ee eS nd a srengthened siame: (The Wibaut 71 was prototype only, powered by an HIS ay Mb Vee: tipo ome. Te at ler sede ied Wibault 9) Sixty Wau were complied, ad the Bt 2 thee began to ener service Dies tel Fete eee al {i fineline svi atthe end of gg, serving with the ae Buse EGC" siy andthe ge Beedle of ‘GCI fon st Dijon ands dozen Were ele he ete ace of the Preach Ale Forest te bg ing of t96. A numberof Freeh ‘oa anda and ia England. Vickers bale tweny-ve ‘ibaa arte Vekes Type rar, which they sold to Chile in 02 Te Pound) FZ a ity exp he Wibaale 73 fem gah enon witha 430 hp. Leraine 13 Bb W" type cosine whic had iginally ben dag or South 9 Amerie. The Wibasle 74 and 75, ‘mere aval veniona ofthe 7, hich were Gt wth deck rete (far snd served aboard the sires ‘cer Bir ant roy. Eterna feh venion were completed, te See ‘bang ogipped ih aerial cameras for Us dal role of fae ‘ecmnnaiaance ies $3. Loire GeundowLewcurre ‘en the GomrdorLesre com pany joined fren s0a5 with ae [Ermer Aisi ot Chase de {ie one ofthe Se ke under. {ake int new action wa the ‘evelopment of new snglevest fighter for the Annie ie, ‘The proype of this dein, te LL goon pres monoplane Inter the year, and bythe tie of ‘Sion de Pavone ie had ‘neceily completed ofc it feting and araament als and atch of five prover sera od been tlt Tne of ine were ee fo denims tres Tn So ‘embers the French government So een Used Sore bata of seen LOL 320% the fat efseveral cents ied fhe eventual tual ull fr te vse Mile to tee base rod and iy. The ft prosution {he Llosa, together with the iewportinlage ts andthe ibaa ya, formed he ene. tlie Fetter srength_ in metropolitan, France. "Dusing that period LGL92' equipped one sadam of the and Rigo atin de hase at Dio, four squndrons of the gel. Ragin at Chleasrooe, Ure squadrons of the 3h Rainn? a Lyons four squadrons of the Sh Rin ot Tonle ad he Gel de Chavet Paris wel 38 the it ad and Gaps &Aeation ie de Dios nei Been Slr ea with winoat [Ending gear ete bul To the ‘ition Marion and served. with Beads sx and 302, By December type the amber in fitlise fighter service wih the ‘mnt Alii had Swindle ‘seventy, and by the begining ot 90 mot ofthe one handed ad trystve LOL-92 on the overall ‘rengih bad en elated toa (iningole. En ge iy LOLs sere purchased by she Romanian Ai voree, and all of thee were Avec before the ed ofthe yar “Tele others wee deere 1 te ‘het Air Bocs fa se Tn 507, ty wich time the Seo pare companied parted agin, Gourdowseseurre bt fate: ‘reve arr at Glog Eight of these were sold to the Span Republican Air Fore by whom they were ed af Sahterbembers drag the Gril War. One oer sear contre in 198 ave Ydetrack main landing fey for Wee ara dvebember inthe fenfguraton ie vas reeignted GL-Gs, bat smn! a prope ony 54. Nalajisen Army Type 91 Soc ofthe ft maton dened Fgh to enter sence wih he Japanese Army Air Fore, the ‘Natajima Type o1 wat evled to see JAAP reroment ed gay. Mitt and" Nalajing otk submited Propo for Fetes bat the former ety, he Hisyabuae unfortunately ced od further wok on it at Shandoned. The Nakajima dan, 8 sngleseat monoplane with parse tol way cantre tape ood Inge rial engine, thn had the feld to sec but a fist i wae "ejected bythe JAAF, who cand Bat fe wae we stuturally ed ceutted "he Ameen Cotas PAC! a potential sobs Howere, the U5, ghee dd not spect he. JAAP pevformance quirement (lds perley Stitictry otherwise aad the TRAP teri decided to acept 3 Shoded yerioa of the Negi, fer after erahning second rote. Five prepreeton air raft were conpleed for further tin, ate which the Sphere rdered inte producson ia #938: Fit delvere to squadrons were ‘made’ Deooaberof the te ‘ear eplacng the Frenledelned ‘Niesor-Delage NID ats ult Dy Naja a the Keni Type 4 oF Kon. Proucton af the Type ot ‘tiousd ntl March gga, by Sieh ne thace hundred” and Seyfert ype hed Been brit and they Beeame one of the andar types in online service With the JAAR. A moda. Cat, wil sorerapan wings sod ‘danse ia ‘beth. powerplant sod fare, wae sulted fr the Japanese Ray's 7S (192) come Pelton fora cxtorbaaed gh ue 55 Morane-Saulnier 225 ‘The French Morane Sauter ome pny lst esr Enow fr Partlivaged monoplane during {he ealy year of Worst War ace [pts 19ry 19). Daring te re nd ily tgyes ie coined to Dall several ne designs of snr fenfiguraen, rt taiety of Ales "Typical ef hee wat the MorspeSauiier 235 singleset fshter, the pr‘ehpe of which few for the fit tine ia 092 Developed fom he ele MS 150 snd MS 24 dais, ita eas, Strongly ie hier, poneed Dy a seo bp Goome bine dial isin connected duran exe itive MS. 2ag¥ ers NegosNasq) were complete, and Getvered daring the Bt all of tg equipping the ye Bude of the ‘neigeeated die de Pair St Dijon. Ia September sony seen (MS zag were ported fo Chinn, whl in Frances futher ese of the Behter Nsa5-N396) ‘ie forthe tin ‘auping Beale $0 at Hye, ‘The cellent massevelty of opto, alter withdrawal’ fom feline ghee suadtony by the tlhe Pate dr Don roe {nice ad alo bythe Pate Seal de Pai, In June 1934 a 1S 235 wa by Ditryat suned seca place in the Woeld Aeror The Clepiorbips Deveepnent the design appenred in fv other forms. The tase MS an bait were compte ar catieebaned Saher amar nde! with ode ing wings was deigaated MS Zin The remainder were the MS aay, MS 275 and MS 078 all of whe remained prototype en On 17 June 195 the BIS 275 v2 flows’ by woman pilot Many Hie 20" a"new onright wold slide record of $393 (9t fm). The standard RIS) 225 "wae fapable of lining to 29,08 1 {oto mia aff mats, 28, aie Hoagie Se pees of achat ‘wal he Gomer ‘Stare tanger the Aion (ites doh Wie ed oes ine pea roteercbaes ieee iter yet cate td podcatcher eu te teiven ener sepunenet id bat ae Se eee eT proces made ae cto fr ovbber get eat (Grong n he oan Sh dag = fit on ng Janay 155 Sto Ferry ee eee bay foe Srila dec Sinclakesn ots Com Riera cag ee Eyes verges tienes ok coum howe Rad one se et {eninge “pteing” ipoe Severe nied i ps iw fen ecieh exec trie cared oe lon Soa'h te tan ge sac dion to having meeptsorvard ‘rags to improve the felt of ven, 1" Eatored x modied fscage Sed al and war powered Oy 8 diferent verson of the Gaon: ‘Rhine engine: The Lae 48 prio: type few fo the fst time on Sipeember 1054 with an 600 bp ge at fest Sada gy0 Bp oo Inter ane sey prodtion Lite {8G were dered der Pan 1, ‘Thee tad an armament of foe wingmouned. machines Go: ead ofthe canon ‘ergy Sted), and improved propellers nd engine coving Hines. They were Sule by the SNCA de. TOuee ‘Storie and teed eve ces November 1996, withthe four squadrons a the "Se Estee hive at Charis, replacing iD fags Ta seriee, however the Loire 48 war prone to. engine carbaration problems, and a nue ber oflanding seen were cased 2p weaker ofthe cin udere faurlages A few Laie 48 were ‘pple, by surepiions mean, {othe Spanish ‘Republican Ale Forer in to, but tho este Hine French sie were replaced fiom Decanter 1938 A fo were located tothe ole Tr (Gane ery Scola Caen they were SU serving St she oral of ond War 2; when tary of te ther Late ais weve tae out of Sorage and allocated to varoue fining ‘tein France and ber ‘sai. When France was over Fmt May 190) twenties twere in service fer isrational ‘Sue and item eters wee In gy PaLPy ‘The Poy, ont ofthe lending fiber sirra of the inorvar yey wa the craton of Ing. Zyamnant Palavals 1t steasned. fom his trina Bt fighter whieh wat coe (ofthe fiat designs undertaken by ‘he Passwowe:Zandy Loic (Navona Aviation Exabianen) ‘pon their fndation in Ware a "al. The Pt had a igh-mnanted fl wing, an albmetal structure ‘ih met covering lenpaeumie tain landing gear and 600 hp Hips *Veetne ete pleted he rt tang i den Fight on September and he ‘eeond yng tc in sg90. From the Po were developed vo radia fined venions, the 6 and Py, ‘he omer wasted with» el Jopter VI engine the fis of wo 6 prototypes fying in Aug togo.The wo Pz prototypes which Ind ihe Jupter VIF ftalee evan Hight eating in (erate 939 and easy rine 195%. Bath typer reine bask he se wg, nl unit and landing searas the Ba, bat with redesigned Silnetal hecige of evel scion sieve tein nd pay bot tsi ed list aceon of the Po, the predation vnron of ‘ich flowed the Poy soma Prottype in having anasto ‘Townend ring around the engine ‘oder instead othe loa ‘etme evnder faigy of the Pol Following an inital small de for pradtion Dey ance fenive contract bought he ol umber but fo ne Hundred and ue Sty. The introduced a numberof eee Hei efron ‘et fairing, and their Shoda-built “Footer engines mere fied wih an Improved Tom of Townend tng developed by PZL. Dave. of Pop's began kn the ater al of toga, the famous Eade Kai ln becoming the st aqua {be equipped with the new Feats Bye cede xy al ‘As Fores st, andy 9rd and th ‘At Regents were equipped with ‘the Fey, making the BAF he ft the ct in the ror whine etre Faber force comined of allt Spee Inter desig, ul the oor af ‘were ail hty in operational use with thee fighter squadons ated rer scveny more on theaters of (rou taining stablchments fhe ‘bat forthe development, Bey which i devribed inthe Figs 1g30-45. volume inthis 8 Devoitine D 27 and D 57 monoplane fgher the French fori ubwequne cen, we int liquidation early ia g2y, aod Ele Dewoltie ook up raidence in Sieland, ‘Here’ Mt nett ‘roduc was the D2, sho parse Ioneplane, whic wa ‘apted (or sevice wih te Sin Flr us {atte Tae D 27 was powered by 2 (on hp HispanoSuie HS 1 Me ‘Veetype engin, and ha dural: covered cvulesetion Raat ‘Sty eri a0-a) went ino service el the Fieger whieh twee bal in Swicelat! by the EKW (Swir Federal Workshops) HpanoSsi war” bale onder Teepe in Ruoaia, and radial fined veson (0p Wright) teat a prodcel in Switeriand In aps, ther eturing to France, Dewotineevlved a new venion of GeD 27 own asthe D 5, wi Scerginoed.wingt and) 2 more Etprovesfieny upon the pre formance of the Dia, 10. he fngincen of the Lor tt Olivier fermpany at Argateul undertook {o develop sod reign I nto & emmpleely ae aeroplane Tar nt cae peaaites metal Sit Aone Foyt and the ew ihter was deat D' gp. The protrype fw for the fit ‘ime i Angst 1952, being Flwed ia Septnber oe by sther, the D yi, mh moe fs taptiet Ok eae Eighteen producuon D 71s were baat ons and were delivred to machine, plus aout half « down fiom a batch of tweoty bull (but never delivered to) Lithuania, vere modi, given he. new “isiguation D and spptied to (he Spans Repub Ale Force during the Gist War. Twenty ‘ramples were tlt of the D 3p, ‘emion of the D3pt with decks Tunding ger and fog Bap aod thee were diiverad fom March 1996 to Badr Cand 7 Pb icin Maine at Bytes Brice Wal fading, but was otherwise genealy sola othe D 373; ene provoype (a' converted D 97a) and treat lke production D 396s mere bale ‘The broad yerston oad in service, Ite wid Beals ‘AC and AC-2 aboard the aieralt ‘aie Bir nl Janay 14. 1 Fecke Walt Fv 56 Sttecer ‘aleon Hawk) Sie ‘monoplane wat among te, fet Sireat to be daigned toe the FookeWalt Flageugban by the ewes Dev Kat ‘Teok tt Fst appeared i sea, and ae at itreny ceed exert, of ‘Bisel wood spd metal entraton ‘ste fis oveing The primary Purpose ofthe Fw So was at of a ‘vanced wane, but ove of the ‘ly machines pane the iin tin offen dering re Iter eaocept to the German High Command. Tae flowed a vitae USA by the edebatal ‘German Ser mt User, wha at 22 imped by the plas be ad by American dvetombers at heated FockeWall ot amb aca and an chnentary ‘eene gear toaa Fy fr demon ‘ration to Laftefe ate, The Pe g8 was cll too model: powered and not sructoraly song ‘rough to Salil 2 serious ive omer ree, bt thi aplitin of ell ware material In doe ‘urs in Germanys fist Sar St we ayes Cte a frer of Activa, Due, Mola and Hungaey, in tary ‘es engin verve unl he fd of World War a Hews highly Popular with plot was ally ‘ebay and inthe Sghertaont {ele caul bearmedvith ae oreo o.am MG #y machine-guns, 6 PWS ‘The PWSH0 fihter was the Sint reduction scr to be ordered From the Podlaskie) Wyeret Sercliow (Podason Atlan ‘Marufcaring Co), and followed the eater bot unaerl PWS, 3 pomat ghlersecnnaimance Prtoiype developed in 10-27 Design ofthe PWS0 wa init in tgay, bot ltr that yest work ‘pom i derdapment as appended pending the rele toting the Bat Pe her, Ie wat rumah tein tah when ba exenave Foden as putin ae nly Cencering te falage tod tl Seat ordered in tg, a0 9 pe ution apnea any fle the to meet pecans and ths few othe fe time My 1930. ‘Accel als programme ae ‘erie ring the ender of 8 a yen, dn ew ofthe rather protracted deeapment of the Py, Caeire PWS ch wer ordered os Sn iatrim‘meaire ‘The ft ‘siverirftbeeveremadeesryin ‘aga, inal wo aqudeas of the rd and qh Ale Regiment ofthe Lest Weje (itary Avie tn), However, the werice in Sle fpher squadene wat esapertnd pow tal cy bag to be replaced by Pe during "a, ign eve a wk vanced fighter ning uni feet oth the Angie Teco Cente at Debs. Hiteen were oh tothe Spanish Natalia alr am in gg, bt many of the remainder footed to ere in an into Wnad"eapcty unt the Nasi ecpaton of Poland, when thse ‘Sse were aegued bythe tafe r_ Mitsubisht Ko and Kis Extensive new operational ete ‘een were toed bythe Japanese Ary Air Fore in #935 tee ‘ontlne squadron with more ‘meng the new ph tack Bomb to emerge a6 rol of the move were the Miwubiti Kip Std the Kawasld Kéa- Unie the ‘Kal den the Kg adberod wore generally fvaured by Tapanecdsgners the unit eeted ‘va the gop Has Zale woo ‘icine, diving a blade variable ‘leh propeller Feature af ie sign which were, on Jopanse iterate lent, gute advanced er thr enced wing ape std fulyendored_ bombay. within {he lage Fin ihe ofthe Ki-gs retry was made February Tagrs production being is te flowing years the Arey Type By og! ttl fseven hundred and fur had been coped Deed and thie at” Mie subi Nagoya fcory and the Femaiaingvamy-ight” bythe “Tachikawa Army Ale Anena. The Rigo made it operational debut in 99h; “duviag the SinoJpanse ‘Soc, and somained on ening Service unl he ner half of tgs 1 as experince guoed daring perton of the Kio in Chine {Ee prompend Capen Yano Fain ff te JAAP to migget tha the Svea miht stably be adapted to predce a seong yet mato sable pt (ata ecoaiance nd found suppor) aeroplane 7s eapgrion wa seeped, and ‘ely in Fon9 werk began oly the Kigo acoingy. The sent was a ighiy amaller aia, With loetounted wing. wane: jrenhowe'enelonse fee ams eter tated Kir Manfterare began Sn Jane 939, in eo bare verte he ‘isa for reconaisance se the Kisib fe groundattack das Flot operatic sre were wn by the Kia, over China ealy futmanoewting een hte Te remained to prion ‘tt fous by which "ie Abt ot the Taetawa” Army Ae 45 Ars bad between them sat ‘Scere one heuer hooded Sha seventyvo Kiss Many of the were wed forme aac Iino chef yearsfthe war “Three prottypes were completed in og! of tie Kept, a prope Aeslopenet wath eractble and ing pear snd oer male improve tents bat no production his ‘ron a uran, Gx Bocing Pas Koon afecsonatly ar the ‘pet ‘oot, the Boing Pa sgleseat Seite ware ofthe mare ine the manapane dees ofthe a0, ening several wadding ‘Extre with les that feet specs sr otmoded by m= pale ae ies Aragerenting feed Taning wear, Yecauthe tine ofits dg 998) Bene was intaling erate pear eB bember AU he same {ins lwatng menoplane yout find slmea! contraction were tly moderates even nash the wings were omewbat exten: thety braced. The Po originated rh dre, platesentreprooe Types known the Boing Model 2 designed and egipped ith Sdiance bam the UEANG: These three aera were in dae coure stele lettre oe a $anuary 1999 ordered ose hundred fa eleven xapesaf an eproved ferson under the “devgraon Pra6h, Al gall bly leone tree the Pao wg contd Serhan, bat all aera i Server Iter ad Maps Sted. The st Pas began to be delivered at the fd of the sear, and they S000 ‘eeame standard para giaron ‘quipment in Havaid and. the Panama Casal area A sulveqoent Twente fighter two of these {Gagated P26) ‘having fel Injection engine, The render tree dlveed ily an PS Iaving the same powerplant asthe ‘A model aed iso ental natn ‘Shanges but later were eanvertad {ol sandard. Doing ako exported 2 seal! quay, ceven gang (© fhe" Chinese Ale Force (wich ‘wed, them in operations aguot tacking Japanese rier ia 195) nd one Spain. A number of USAAG Peake wore traced In 1p the Piping Ary 5 Cartis Shrike series ines tetoay Cars began 1 dees the US, Ary Alt Corps the tf oe handed ad ser empl ofthe A and ‘5-0, armed version ofthe Cari Falken aseat clceation Biplane poled w sve Ha pound: Stack tole. By the end of the (dee the USAAG had indeed, {need fra more moder warplane {off theta, to which end ‘ordered potty array he Fokker XA and the Curtis XA, fac powered by 8 60 hip Cats CCongteer Vectypeenine. Fight Sale of the ro prtctype tok piace dering "he summer snd fituma of gat, fom. which a ontiact flowed, in Septerber ‘9p! fo thirteen YA and YAS prepreducion Shrike for serie 8 ‘ial Most of the were operated fom 1933-34 by the Ale Corp gd Attack Group. The fis ofthe Bie Vac wae modified in t9ge fer the installation of = 630 Bp Prat Whitney Rer6gaD Hornet ‘leap in whic em ae edeignated VAt0 and ain, er service tring, 0 the 13 ‘Atack Sqeadon, Wilh, thi ond ther wit i had completed rer {vw heme hors fying bale Sty be sapped in Febracy {gga A prosoype sar to ‘Yheto man the Whitin eninad XGuC21) Te was evaluated by the US. Navy in 1993, But no prodo- Ye order was ptced: The Ary [ir Care however, ved. the fadiacengned ede ih. more Fivour than the version seit the Conqueror engine, onthe grounds ‘hati vulserble well ‘more ccasomial to operate Thi fie he beer lewd pecan Shee of the Horsevenised VAs, fed w order, in 19, frst ‘Samples of generaly sie ‘de yt heat more power A Wight Cyclone radial "The Suigntion ASD gen originally ‘ohne Ses wat altered to Att eles the tat of dlvre, All but thes ofthe produrtion Aras were Averett ged Atak oop etreen | Desewber 199 and Fetreay 1994, and fom February to May 1994 thee primary fncton Searthecariage ote mal pending {heimc of ory contac tocllan toil crn The Shs began 0 Ee replaced in ietine service y ethno 17 996 afer whi Shoal eered sab the AAG ‘Tactical Schl at Maxwell Fe ‘Alabama; othe were acted 10 Uti Hara where bere were ‘pine in aries when Pea Hach tas tacked on 7 Deen ter 194. They survived the tac, let of them being etured t ie USE fogs tend thet dae ar innructiol aiamen ‘Twenty Stren generally simi othe ders etept fram rated Gylone ‘engine, were supled to China fn Sones, bat mat of these were exroye daring thei yar of he Pace wr Mucus ght ‘The Mss AGM was dese to meet an HIN requirements ued in toh fr 8 lanes ihr to replace the olsen Type od ‘Type of biplane fhe then in tere The cnfgrtien chown By (Jo. Herik (ter to achieve foe as desener of the hous Zero Sen fighter ws hao ve ‘ning monoplane of alent coo ruc ad ang, te ine fra Japancae eroplane, = Be ‘ete akin. Hoving dei to Minding. ger, ‘erharealed thatthe wing syout would [Eve the plo a rather poor down Sead vio and wo ina tet to Riprove the fld. of saw an invete-gll wing wat Sed ote fat prottype, Ts ara made ts frat fight fom Raganigthars ie fed on 4 Febraey 19, ding sent i Bey at ove 2p (yas Be Witkin a mar of E58 itd reacted a peed of a0 moh tage imi cxceding the oo requirements ofthe Navy peice tion by 6 sph G8 ie) Te proekpeveas powered bya 30 bp Kotobald prada deep 8p [Nakai fom the Brisa Joie ce whieh he Japanese company Id been building ueder ence ‘The reduction gear othe Japanese engine gave some Caube, apd the ful-vingatangement ‘vas lew ted; asa rol th seord pot. ‘ype inte he hip Kos Duk gs poerpant snd wast with Weaightpered wings (these the Gt machine bad be of enieliptial planorm) with ‘Ghar fom the rots The JAAP Sth age elated an fetes] Machine “under the. deigeation Kei6, bu dd not pees rode: tn order The Ashe poerplart olen nr lnc sity ‘tvs were tre before te be Fal et upon the hp Kotor ‘uki aKa. This was adopted ee The inital produce mol the ‘ASMiy which bad by now beet rela by theJNAFasacartoe Ihe ier the Type gf Model ‘hire ofthese were tly poe Gicton then cotenag wi the ‘ASMaa (Model a, eerng wings Ketbold engine Boh. ef thee ‘eon aw operational sevice in the Sin Japanese ent, emberk Ing fe Shanghal ia September 1907 at part of tbe and Carina Ae lila. They fon thr et cart December tgg7 Japmace ASAC Asseoped ten Soir Tbe in a farce cogagement over Nenking The Aste ewes wt

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