The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 5th Edition by Laura King - Test Bank

The Science of Psychology An Appreciative
View 5th Edition by Laura King – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter03
TestBank

1.Thebody’selectrochemicalcommunicationcircuitryisknownas
the________system.
A.endocrine
B.nervous
C.circulatory
D.respiratory
APA Outcome:2.2Demonstratepsychologyinformationliteracy
Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
LearningObjective:Explainthefunctionsofthenervoussystem’sm
aindivisions.
Page:60
Topic:NervousSystem
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofnervecells?
A.Theyareunchangingstructures.
B.Theyhaveahereditary,biologicalfoundation.
C.Theyprovidestructuralsupporttoglialcells.
D.Theymyelinateastrocytes.
Bloom’s:Understand
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:61
Topic:Neurons
3.Meganlosthereyesightaftershesufferedastroke.However,grad
ually,overaspanoffewyears,hervisionwaspartiallyrestored,ands
hecouldseeblurryimages.Herneurologistexplainedtoherthatthis
wasbecauseherbrainhadrewireditselftocompensateforthelosso
fpartofheroccipitallobe.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofth
enervoussystemdoesMegan’srestoredvisionexemplify?
A.plasticity
B.integration
C.myelination
D.complexity
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
LearningObjective:Describeplasticityandthebrain’scapacityforr
ecoveryandrepair.
Page:61
Topic:Plasticity
4.Roy,theconductorofanorchestra,guidesandcoordinatesother
musiciansduringstageperformances.Whileconducting,healsolis
tenscarefullytothesoundsandcoordinateshisownbodymovement
stohelpmusicianspacethemusic.Hisbrainreceivesmultipleinput
sandputstheinformationtogetherinawaythatmakessenseandhel
pshimconducttheorchestrasuccessfully.Whichcharacteristicoft
henervoussystemdoesthisscenarioexemplify?
A.permeability
B.integration
C.neuronalpolarity
D.corticalmagnification
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:60
Topic:NervousSystem
5.Lolita,anine-year-
oldgirl,metwithanaccidentthatcausedaheadinjury.Partofhercer
ebellumwasdamaged,andshehaddifficultyinmovingherarmsandl
egs.However,inafewmonths,hermovementsstartedimproving.H
erdoctortoldherparentsthatshewaslikelytomakecompleterecov
eryasherbrainwasformingnewneuralnetworkstofacilitatemove
ment.Inthecontextofthecharacteristicsofthenervoussystem,the
doctorwasreferringtothebrain’s
A.polarity.
B.autoimmunity.
C.plasticity.
D.permeability.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ecoveryandrepair.
Page:61
Topic:Plasticity
6.Inthecontextofthecharacteristicsofthenervoussystem,adapta
bilityspecificallyreferstothebrain’sabilityto
A.regulatecomplexsystems.
B.combinedatafrommultiplesources.
C.helpadjusttochangesinone’senvironment.
D.conductelectricalimpulses.
Difficulty:Medium
ecoveryandrepair.
Page:61
Topic:Plasticity
7.Ashley,asecretaryatPlatoInc.,istypingonhercomputer,talkingo
nthephone,andhandingsomepaperstohercolleaguesimultaneous
ly.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofthenervoussystemisbe
stillustratedinthisscenario?
A.complexity
B.polarization
C.plasticity
D.adaptability
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ecoveryandrepair.
Page:60
Topic:Plasticity
8.Liamisabletosing,playtheguitar,andplaytheharmonicasimulta
neously.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofthenervoussyste
mmostlikelyisrepresentedbyLiam’sabilitytocarryoutthemultitud
eoftasks?
A.complexity
B.adaptability
C.polarization
D.plasticity
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
ecoveryandrepair.
Page:60
Topic:Plasticity
9.Martinisridinghismotorcycletohisoffice.Whenhehearsthehonki
ngofatrucktryingtoovertakehim,hegiveswaytothetruck.Intheco
ntextofthepathwaysinthenervoussystem,whichtypeofnervesco
mmunicatedinformationfromMartin’sbraintohismusclesandmad
ehimmovehismotorcycle?
A.efferentnerves
B.pyramidalnerves
C.afferentnerves
D.olfactorynerves
APA
Outcome:1.1Describekeyconcepts,principles,andoverarchingth
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
LearningObjective:Describehownervecellscommunicatewithot
hernervecells.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
10.Inthecontextofthepathwaysinthenervoussystem,afferentner
vescarryinformation
A.outofthebrainandspinalcordtootherareasofthebody.
B.tothebrainandspinalcordviasensoryreceptors.
C.outoftheendocrinesystemtomusclesandglandsinthebody.
D.totheheartandlungsfromthemusclesandglands.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthepathwaysinthene
rvoussystem?
A.Motornervescarryinformationtothebrainandspinalcord.
B.Eachneuronisaone-waystreetinthenervoussystem.
C.Sensorynervescarryinformationoutofthebrainandspinalcord.
D.Whenanimpulsetravelsthroughaneuron,itdoessochemically.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
hernervecells.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
12.Inthecontextofthepathwaysinthenervoussystem,efferentner
vescarryinformation
A.outoftheendocrinesystemtootherareasofthebody.
B.totheheartandlungsfromthemusclesandglands.
C.outofthebrainandspinalcordtootherareasofthebody.
D.tothebrainandspinalcordviasensoryreceptors.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
13.Manuelislisteningtoalecture.Thenthebellringsinthehallway.I
nordertohearthisstimulus,Manuel’s________nervesmustcarryelec
trochemicalmessagesfromhisearstohisbrain.
A.afferent
B.olfactory
C.efferent
D.pyramidal
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
14.ThelectureRamonawaslisteningtoisover.Assoonasthebellsig
nalstheendoftheclass,shegetsup,pickupherthings,andwalksout
oftheclassroom.WhichkindofnervessentthesignalsfromRamona’
sbraintohermusclestoinitiateherphysicalmovements?
A.afferentnerves
B.pyramidalnerves
C.efferentnerves
D.olfactorynerves
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
15.Inthecontextofthedivisionsofthenervoussystem,thebrainand
spinalcordconstitutethe
A.centralnervoussystem.
B.somaticnervoussystem.
C.autonomicnervoussystem.
D.sympatheticnervoussystem.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:CentralNervousSystem
Topic:NervousSystem
16.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthecentralnervoussy
stem(CNS)?
A.Morethan99percentofallnervecellsarelocatedintheCNS.
B.Theneocortexmakesup40percentofthecortexintheCNSofhum
anbeings.
C.ThefunctionoftheCNSistobringinformationtoandfromthebrain
andspinalcord.
D.TheCNShastwomajordivisions:thesomaticnervoussystemandt
heautonomicnervoussystem.
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
17.Whilestaplingsomepapers,Nikitaaccidentlyprickedherfinger.
Sheimmediatelyjerkedherhandaway.Whichofthefollowingdivisio
nsofthenervoussysteminformedhermusclestoremoveherhandint
hegivenscenario?
A.thesomaticnervoussystem
B.theautonomicnervoussystem
C.thesympatheticnervoussystem
D.theparasympatheticnervoussystem
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
18.Thesomaticnervoussystemconsistsofmotornerves,whosefun
ctionisto
A.mobilizethebodyforactioninadangeroussituation.
B.tellmuscleswhattodo.
C.reducethestresslevelsofthebody.
D.conveyinformationfromtheskinandmusclestothecentralnervo
ussystem.
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
Topic:PeripheralNervousSystem
19.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionoftheperipheralnervoussyste
m?
A.optimizingthefunctioningofthecentralnervoussystem
B.carryingoutthecommandsofthecentralnervoussystem
C.changingthestructureofthebraininresponsetoexperiences
D.conductinginformationtothebrainviamotornerves
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
20.Emilyisabouttocrossaroadwhensheseesacarspeedingtoward
her.Sheimmediatelyjumpsoutofthewayandisabletoavoidmajorin
juries.Whichofthefollowingisapartoftheperipheralnervoussyste
mtowhichEmily’sreactioncanbeattributed?
A.thebiofeedbackdivision
B.theautonomicdivision
C.thespinalcord
D.thebrain
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
21.Inanemergency,thesympatheticnervoussystemhelpsthebody
by
A.unmyelinatingneuronstofacilitatefasterinformationtransmissi
on.
B.stimulatingtheproductionofglialcellstohelptransmitchemical
messages.
C.reducingtherateofinformationexchangebetweentheautonomi
cnervoussystemandthemotornerves.
D.triggeringthereleaseofstresshormones.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
22.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostlikelytoinvolvetheactio
noftheparasympatheticnervoussystem?
A.Brooke’sfingeraccidentallygrazesthehotiron;sheimmediatelyj
erksherhandaway.
B.Aftermistakingherroommateforathief,Callumrelaxesafterhavi
ngaglassofwater.
C.Walkingtowardhercarinadesertedparkinglotonenight,Danicai
ssurprisedbyastrangemanappearingfromnowhere.
D.Peytonispreparingtogotobedandisalarmedtoseeastrangerath
erwindow.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
23.Whilepreparingdinner,Mayaaccidentallytouchesahotdish.Wh
ichofthefollowingdivisionsofthenervoussystemwillberesponsibl
eforconveyinginformationtothebrainthatshehastouchedsomethi
nghot?
A.thesympatheticnervoussystem
B.theautonomicnervoussystem
C.thesomaticnervoussystem
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
24.Nancyisinherbuildingelevatorgoingdowntothelobbywhenthe
elevatorstopssuddenlybetweenfloors,andthedoorsdon’topen.Na
ncy’sheartstartspounding,andherpalmsstartsweating.Inthissce
nario,Nancy’sphysiologicalresponsescanbebestattributedtoher
________nervoussystem.
A.central
B.somatic
C.parasympathetic
D.sympathetic
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
25.Lionelispreparingforhisfirstjobinterview.Thenightbeforethei
nterview,heisrestlessandanxious,hispalmsaresweating,andhish
eartisbeatingfasterthanusual.Inthisscenario,Lionel’sphysiologi
calresponsescanbebestattributedtohis________nervoussystem.
A.central
B.somatic
C.parasympathetic
D.sympathetic
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
26.Izzyseesaleopardinherbackyard.Herpupilsaredilated,herhear
tispounding,andherbreathingisshallowandrapid.Her________nerv
oussystemisactive.
A.parasympathetic
B.sympathetic
C.apathetic
D.somatic
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
27.Inthecontextofthedivisionsofthenervoussystem,thesomaticn
ervoussystemconsistsofsensorynerves,whosefunctionisto
A.mobilizethebodyforactioninadangeroussituation.
B.calmthebodytoinhibitaparticularaction.
C.takemessagestothebody’sinternalorgansfromthebrain.
D.conveyinformationfromtheskinandmusclestothecentralnervo
ussystem.
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
28.Whichofthefollowingessentialbodyfunctionsaremonitoredbyt
heautonomicnervoussystem?
A.thefunctionsofthereproductivesystem
B.thefunctionsofheartrate,breathing,anddigestion
C.excretoryfunctions
D.sensoryfunctionssuchasvisionandhearing
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
29.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheautonomicnervoussyste
m?
A.Itismadeupofthebrainandspinalcord.
B.Ittakesmessagesfromthebody’sinternalorganstothecentralne
rvoussystem.
C.Itconveysinformationfromthecentralnervoussystemtotheskin
andmuscles.
D.Itplaystheprimaryroleinsensoryperception.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
30.Harryisdrivingontheinterstatehighwayforthefirsttimesincehe
obtainedhislicense.Heisnervousandwantstogetoffthehighwayb
utcannotdoso;hisheartandpulseareracing.Inthisscenario,Harry’
sphysiologicalresponsescanbebestattributedtohis________nervo
ussystem.
A.sympathetic
B.parasympathetic
C.somatic
D.central
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
31.Inwhichofthefollowingscenariosisthesympatheticnervoussy
stemmostlikelytobeactivated?
A.Lindacalmsdownafteraheatedargumentwithherfriend.
B.Mikefinisheshismorningrun.
C.Cathygetspromoted.
D.Bennyseesasnake.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
32.Juliehearsthenewsaboutabusaccidentontelevision.Shebelie
veshersonwasonthesamebusandisovercomebyanxiety,whichis
primarilycausedbyher________nervoussystem.Whenhersonphone
sandinformsherthathewasnotonthebus,Julieisrelievedandbegin
storelax.Thisresponseisprimarilycausedbyher________nervoussy
stem.
A.somatic;autonomic
B.central;somatic
C.sympathetic;parasympathetic
D.parasympathetic;central
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
33.Tommyiswalkingtoschoolwhenheencountersabarkingdog.He
startssweatingandcontemplateswhetherheshouldkeepwalking
orrunaway.Whichdivisionofthenervoussystemisprimarilyrespon
sibleforthis”fightorflight”reaction?
B.thesympatheticnervoussystem
C.theparasympatheticnervoussystem
D.thecentralnervoussystem
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
34.WhichpartofthenervoussystemwillbemostactivewhenMartin,
abackpacker,actsquicklyinresponsetoawildanimalapproaching
him?
A.thesympatheticnervoussystem
B.thecentralnervoussystem
C.thesomaticnervoussystem
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
35.Inwhichofthefollowingscenariosistheparasympatheticnervo
ussystemmostlikelytobeactivated?
A.Nivengetsintoanargumentwithhisneighbor.
B.Maggiestartshermarathon.
C.Davidfindshislostwallet.
D.Sheiladropsherphone.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
36.Elizabethfeelsherheartracingwhileshewaitsforherturnatajobi
nterview.Thesephysiologicalsymptomsaremostlikelyproducedb
yher________nervoussystem.
A.central
B.somatic
C.parasympathetic
D.sympathetic
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
37.Ninawasdrivinghercarwhenshesuddenlynoticedacatrunning
acrosstheroad.Sheimmediatelybrakedthecarandnarrowlymisse
dhittingthecat.Shecouldfeelherheartpounding,andherhandsstar
tedsweating.Inthegivenscenario,whichofthefollowingdivisionso
fNina’snervoussystemwasactive?
B.theparasympatheticnervoussystem
D.thecentralnervoussystem
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
38.Afteragameoffootball,Davidtriestocalmdownbyrelaxinginthe
swimmingpool.Hetriestogethisbreathbackandrelaxtoavoidmus
clecramps.Inthisscenario,whichpartoftheautonomicnervoussys
temismostlikelyinvolvedincalmingDavid’sbody?
B.thecentralnervoussystem
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
aindivisions.
Page:62
Topic:NervousSystem
39.Inwhichofthefollowingscenariosaremirrorneuronslikelytofire
?
A.Natalieperformsacomplexdancestepandthenwatchesherstud
entperformthesame.
B.Liamperformsacomplexmartialartmovetodefeathisopponent.
C.Allieputsherdaughtertobedandthengoestobed.
D.Sullivanwatcheshissonbeingscoldedbythecoachonthefootball
field.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
LearningObjective:Explainhowneuronstransmitinformation.
Page:63
Topic:MirrorNeurons
40.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofmirrorneurons?
A.Theyproduceglialcellsandafferentneurons.
B.Theyareresponsibleforthemyelinationofdendrites.
C.Theyappeartorespondtobothmotorandsensoryinformation.
D.Theyreceiveinformationthroughtheiraxonsandtransmitinform
ationthroughtheirdendrites.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:63
Topic:MirrorNeurons
41.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofglialcells?
A.Theyserveasthebrain’simmunesystem.
B.Theydepolarizeneuronstoinitiatenerveimpulses.
C.Theyreceiveandorientinformationtowardtheneuron’scellbody.
D.Theyserveasthestorageforneurotransmitters.
Difficulty:Medium
LearningObjective:Identifythepartsofaneuron.
Page:64
Topic:Neurons
42.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueofmotorneurons?
A.Theyproducemirrorneurons.
B.Theyprovidestructuralsupporttoglialcells.
C.Theydonotrespondtosensoryinformation.
D.Theyarenotactivatedwhenahumanperformsanaction.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:63
Topic:Neurons
43.Inthenervoussystem,glialcells
A.providesupportandnutritionalbenefitstoneurons.
B.handlemajorityoftheinformationprocessinginthebrain.
C.serveasasubstituteforafferentneurons.
D.producenewneuronsandreplaceoldneurons.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:64
Topic:Neurons
44.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofglialcells?
A.Theyareresponsibleforthemajorityofinformationprocessingint
hebrain.
B.Theykeepneuronsrunningsmoothly.
C.Theytransformmotornervesintoafferentnerves.
D.Theyconstantlychangethedirectionofinformationflowinneuron
s.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:64
Topic:Neurons
45.Dendritesdifferfromaxonsinthatdendrites
A.aremyelinated,whereasaxonsarenotmyelinated.
B.receiveinformation,whereasaxonssendinformation.
C.arebranched,whereasaxonsaresingular.
D.areefferent,whereasaxonsareafferent.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
46.Whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutdendrites?
A.Theyencaseandinsulatemostaxons.
B.Theyaretreelikefibersprojectingfromaneuron.
C.Theycontainthenucleusofaneuron.
D.Theydirectthemanufactureofsubstancesrequiredforgrowthofn
eurons.
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
47.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofthenucleusinthecellbodyof
aneuron?
A.Itreceivesinformationfromothercellsandorientsittowardthene
uron’scellbody.
B.Itmaintainswaterratiosandbalanceinthechemicalaspectsofth
eneuron.
C.Itreversesthedirectionofflowofinformationinaneuron.
D.Itdirectsthemanufactureofsubstancesrequiredforgrowthand
maintenanceofneurons.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:64-65
Topic:Neurons
48.Compareaperson’sforearm,palm,knuckles,andfingerstoaneu
ron.Insuchananalogy,theaxonwouldbetheperson’s
A.forearm.
B.fingers.
C.palm.
D.knuckles.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
Page:64
Topic:Neurons
49.Compareaperson’sforearm,palm,wrist,andfingerstoaneuron.I
nsuchananalogy,thedendriteswouldbetheperson’s
A.forearm.
B.fingers.
C.wrist.
D.palm.
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
50.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionoftheaxoninanervecellinthec
ontextofspecializedcellstructure?
A.Itmanufacturessubstancesrequiredforgrowthandmaintenanc
e.
B.Itisresponsibleforconvertingactingpotentialtorestingpotentia
l.
C.Itcarriesinformationawayfromthecellbodytowardothercells.
D.Itreceivesinformationandorientsittowardtheneuron’scellbody
.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
51.Whichofthefollowingisthebestrepresentationoftheflowofinfo
rmationwithinaneuron?
A.cellbodytodendritetoaxon
B.dendritetocellbodytoaxon
C.axontonucleustodendrite
D.nucleustodendritetoaxon
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
52.Inthecontextofspecializedcellstructure,whichofthefollowing
istheclosestanalogytothefunctionofthemyelinsheathinthebrain
?
A.protectivecoversonparkedvehicles
B.greensignalatcrossroads
C.guardrailsonthesidesofahighway
D.stormdoorsaroundahouse
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
53.Inthecontextofspecializedcellstructure,themyelinsheathisal
ayerofcellscontaining
A.fat.
B.scartissue.
C.glia.
D.treelikefibers.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
54.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemyelinsheaththatcoverth
eaxonsofnervecells?
A.Itisresponsibleformakingaxonspoorconductorsofelectricity.
B.Itfacilitatesthetransmissionofelectricalimpulses.
C.Itproducesglia.
D.Itdirectsthemanufactureofsubstancesthattheneuronneedsfor
growthandmaintenance.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
55.Aneurobiologistexplainstohisstudentsthatthehumannervous
systemisanalogoustoelectricalcircuitsinhomes.Ifthecircuitwire
sarenotinsulated,theyarelikelytocauseashortcircuit.Inthisscen
ario,theinsulationonthewirescanbelikenedtothe________inthene
uralsystem.
A.terminalbutton
B.dendrites
C.cellbody
D.myelinsheath
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
56.Walterhasadegenerativeconditionknownasmultiplesclerosis
(MS).Inthecontextofspecializedcellstructure,whichofthefollowi
ngstatementsistrueofthisdisease?
A.Themyelinsheathgetsreplacedbyscartissue.
B.Themyelinsheathissoftened.
C.Theglialcellsundergodegeneration.
D.Dendritesandaxonsexperienceuncontrolledgrowth.
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
Topic:Neurons
57.Themembraneofarestingneuronissaidtobe
A.deconcentrated.
B.depolarized.
C.concentrated.
D.polarized.
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
Topic:HowNeuronsFire
58.Themembranesurroundinganaxonpreventsnegativeandpositi
veionsfromrandomlyflowingintooroutofthecellbecauseitis
A.pliable.
B.semipermeable.
C.malleable.
D.fragile.
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
Page:65
59.Whichofthefollowingoccurswhenaneuronisresting?
A.Itsmembrane’sionchannelsareclosed.
B.Thefluidoutsidethemembranehasnoelectricalcharge.
C.Fluidsandionscansometimesflowintoandoutofit.
D.Ittransmitsinformation.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
60.Inthecontextoftheneuralimpulse,whichofthefollowingcauses
thedepolarizationofneuronmembranes?
A.Theinsideoftheneuronbecomesnegativelychargedbecauseoft
heexcessofcalciumions.
B.Sodiumgatesopen,andsodiumionsflowintotheneuron.
C.Theoutsideoftheneuronbecomespositivelychargedbecauseoft
heexcessofchlorineions.
D.Potassiumchannelsopen,andpotassiumionsflowoutoftheneur
on.
Difficulty:Medium
Page:66
61.Inthecontextoftheneuralimpulse,whichofthefollowingisthest
atusofthechargesoneachsideofthecellmembraneduringthestag
eofrestingpotential?
A.anegativechargeontheoutsideofthecellmembraneandapositiv
echargeontheinside
B.anegativechargeontheinsideofthecellmembraneandapositive
chargeontheoutside
C.anegativechargeonboththeoutsideandtheinsideofthecellmem
brane
D.apositivechargeonboththeoutsideandtheinsideofthecellmem
brane
Difficulty:Medium
Page:65
62.Theterm________referstothestable,negativechargeofaninacti
veneuron.
A.depolarizedpotential
B.restingpotential
C.actionpotential
D.dischargepotential
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
Page:65
63.Theterm________describesthebriefwaveofpositiveelectricalc
hargethatsweepsdowntheaxonofaneuron.
A.restingpotential
B.polarizedpotential
C.gradedpotential
D.actionpotential
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
Page:66
64.The________statesthatonceanelectricalimpulsereachesacert
ainlevelofintensityinaneuron,itfiresandmovesallthewaydownth
eaxonwithoutlosinganyintensity.
A.depolarizingprinciple
B.nature-nurtureprinciple
C.permeabilityprinciple
D.all-or-nothingprinciple
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
Page:67
Topic:SpeedofTransmission
65.Accordingtotheall-or-
nothingprinciple,whichofthefollowingwouldhappenifthesizeofth
eelectricalchargeinaneuralimpulsewastwicethesizeneededfort
heelectricalimpulse?
A.Theneuronwouldgobacktoitsrestingpotentialwithouttransmitt
inganyinformation.
B.Theintensityoftheimpulsewouldnotbeaffected.
C.Theintensityoftheimpulsewouldbetwiceasstrong.
D.Theaxonoftheneuronwilldevelopanewbranch.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
Page:67
66.JenandJackareseatedinthesamerowinanairplanebutacrosst
heaislefromeachother.Iftheinformationtheyexchangeacrossthe
aislerepresentstheneuralimpulsebetweenneurons,andJenandJ
ackrepresenttheneurons,theaislemostlikelyrepresentsthe
A.nodesofRanvier.
B.axonhillock.
C.synapse.
D.interneurons.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
hernervecells.
Page:67
Topic:Synapse
67.Inthecontextoftheneuronstructure,thetinyspacebetweentwo
neuronsiscalledthe
A.nodeofRanvier.
B.cellbody.
C.synapse.
D.interneuron.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:67
Topic:Synapse
68.Beforeanimpulsecancrossthesynapticgapbetweenneurons,t
heimpulsemustbe
A.convertedintoanelectricalsignal.
B.processedbyaglialcell.
C.convertedintoachemicalsignal.
D.myelinatedwithintheterminalbuttons.
APA
Outcome:1.2Developaworkingknowledgeofpsychology’sconten
tdomains
Difficulty:Medium
hernervecells.
Page:67
Topic:Synapse
69.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofneurotransmitters?
A.Theyarestoredindendrites.
B.Theyareelectricalsignals.
C.Theymoveinarandommanner.
D.Theyarethesourceofnutritionformostneurons.
APA
Outcome:1.2Developaworkingknowledgeofpsychology’sconten
tdomains
Difficulty:Medium
hernervecells.
Page:69
Topic:Synapse
70.Chemicalsubstancesthatarestoredinverytinysacswithinthet
erminalbuttonsandareinvolvedintransmittinginformationacross
asynapticgaptothenextneuronareknownas
A.synapticvesicles.
B.glialcells.
C.neurotransmitters.
D.ions.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:67
Topic:Neurotransmitters
Topic:Synapse
71.Afteraneurotransmitterdeliversitsmessage,someofitisusedu
pintheproductionofenergy,andsomeofitisreabsorbedbytheaxont
hatreleasedittoawaitthenextneuralimpulse.Inthecontextofsyna
ptictransmission,thisreabsorptioniscalled
A.reuptake.
B.revision.
C.inhibition.
D.depolarization.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
hernervecells.
Page:68
Topic:Synapse
72.Inthenervoussystem,whichofthefollowingistrueofneuronsan
dtheneurotransmitterstheysecrete?
A.Mostneuronssecretemanyneurotransmittersatthesametime.
B.Atanygiventime,aneuronisreceivingamixtureofmessagesfrom
theneurotransmitters.
C.Neurotransmittersinneuronscannotbebothexcitatoryandinhib
itory.
D.Neurotransmittersarelocatedinthenucleioftheneurons.
Difficulty:High
hernervecells.
Page:68-69
73.Filip,aged64,wasrecentlydiagnosedwithAlzheimer’s.Hismedi
calreportswillmostlikelyrevealadiminishedproductionof
A.dopamine.
B.serotonin.
C.acetylcholine.
D.gammaaminobutyricacid.
APA
emesinpsychology
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
LearningObjective:Identifythekeyneurotransmittersandtheirfun
ctions.
Page:69
74.Martin’sfatherisexperiencingmemorylossrelatedtoAlzheimer
disease.Inthecontextofneurotransmitters,thisismostlikelydueto
theinsufficientproductionof________inhisbrain.
A.pepsin
B.gastrin
C.acetylcholine
D.adenosine
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
ctions.
Page:69
75.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheneurotransmitteracetylcholi
ne?
A.ItisproducedinexcessinAlzheimerdisease.
B.Itisresponsibleforthedegenerativedisordercalledmultiplescler
osis(MS).
C.Itisfoundonlyintheperipheralnervoussystem.
D.Itisinvolvedinmuscleaction,learning,andmemory.
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
76.Whichofthefollowingisasimilaritybetweentheneurotransmitt
ersacetylcholineandglutamate?
A.BothareassociatedwithAlzheimerdisease.
B.Bothplayakeyfunctioninthebrainbyinhibitingneuronsfromfirin
g.
C.Bothareresponsibleforthemyelinationofdendrites.
D.Bothplayakeyroleinreducingtheproductionofglialcells.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
77.Thedifferencebetweenglutamateandgammaaminobutyricaci
d(GABA)isthatglutamate
A.excitesneuronstofire,whereasGABAinhibitsneuronsfromfiring
.
B.stimulatesthereleaseofglialcells,whereasGABAinhibitstherel
easeofglialcells.
C.producesneurotransmitters,whereasGABAbreaksdownneurot
ransmitters.
D.causesneuronstochangestructurally,whereasGABAcausesne
uronstochangechemically.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
78.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofgammaaminobutyricacid?
A.tocontroltheprecisionofthesignalbeingcarriedfromoneneuront
othenext
B.toplayaroleinexcitingneuronstofire
C.toserveasthebrain’saccelerator
D.toexciteheartmuscleandintestines
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
79.Samissufferingfromanxiety.Hispsychiatristhasprescribedhi
mValium,whichismostlikelytoreducehisanxietyby
A.interferingwiththeactivityofendorphins.
B.releasingstresshormonesinhisbloodstream.
C.increasingtheinhibitingeffectsofgammaaminobutyricacid.
D.compensatingforthelossofthebrain’ssupplyofacetylcholine.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ctions.
Page:69
80.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheneurotransmittergammaami
nobutyricacid(GABA)?
A.Itisaninhibitoryneurotransmitter.
B.Itisprimarilyresponsibleformuscleaction,learning,andmemory
.
C.Itisprimarilyresponsibleforcontrollingvoluntarymovement.
D.Itisanexcitatoryneurotransmitter.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
81.Melindasuffersfrommigraineheadachesandseizures.Inthecon
textofneurotransmitterfunctioning,whichofthefollowingmostlik
elyplaysasignificantroleinhersymptoms?
A.toolittlenorepinephrine
B.toomuchglutamate
C.toomuchacetylcholine
D.toolittledopamine
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
82.Identifyatruestatementaboutgammaaminobutyricacid.
A.Itisinvolvedinmuscleaction,learning,andmemory.
B.Itplaysakeyroleinexcitingmanyneuronstofire.
C.Ithelpscontroltheprecisionofthesignalbeingcarriedfromonene
urontothenext.
D.Itcontrolsaperson’sabilitytorecognizeopportunitiesforrewardi
ngexperiencesintheenvironment.
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
83.Depressionisassociatedwithlowlevelsoftheneurotransmitter
A.acetylcholine.
B.gammaaminobutyricacid(GABA).
C.dopamine.
D.norepinephrine.
Bloom’s:Remember
Difficulty:Low
ctions.
Page:69
84.Whichofthefollowingistheroleoftheneurotransmitternorepine
phrine?
A.Itexcitesneuronsintofiringduringstressfultimes.
B.Itblocksglutamatereceptorsfromreceivingglutamate.
C.Itinhibitstheheartmuscle,intestines,andurogenitaltract.
D.Ithelpstocontrolthelevelofalertness.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69
85.Whichofthefollowingisasimilaritybetweentheneurotransmitt
ersdopamineandacetylcholine?
A.Bothareresponsibleforinhibitingneuronsfromfiring.
B.Bothareinvolvedinthelearningprocess.
C.BothareassociatedwithParkinsondisease.
D.Botharereleasedinresponsetostress.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:69-70
86.KennyhasbeendiagnosedwithParkinsondiseaseandhasbeenp
rescribedmedicationtomanagesomeofhissymptoms.Themedica
tionelevatesthelevelsofdopamineinhissystem.Ifthelevelsofdopa
mineinhissystembecomeexcessive,Kennymightstarttoexhibitsy
mptomsassociatedwith
A.depression.
B.multiplesclerosis.
C.Alzheimerdisease.
D.schizophrenia.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ctions.
Page:71
87.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheneurotransmitterdopamine?
A.Itisresponsiblefortheproductionofbotulininthehumanbody.
B.Itplaysakeyroleininhibitingmanyneuronsfromfiring.
C.ItisinexcessinpatientswithParkinsondisease.
D.Ithelpstocontrolvoluntarymovementandaffectssleep.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:70
88.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheneurotransmitterserotonin?
A.Itisanaturalopiate.
B.Itcausesneuronstostopfiring.
C.Itisinvolvedintheregulationofmoodandattention.
D.Itshieldsthebodyfrompain.
APA
emesinpsychology
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:70
89.Dominicisamarathonrunner.Hesaysthatwheneverheruns,hef
eelseuphoric.Hecannotbeginhisdaywithoutrunningforanhour.Int
hecontextofneurotransmitters,whichofthefollowingismostlikely
responsibleforhisfeelingsofpleasurefromrunning?
A.Theactionofserotonindepletionduringphysicalexertion
B.Theextended”high”fromGABAreuptake
C.Thecompensatoryeffectsofacetylcholine
D.Thereleaseofendorphins
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ctions.
Page:70
90.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofendorphins?
A.Theyregulatesleep,wakefulness,mood,attention,andtheproce
ssoflearning.
B.Theycontrolalertness.
C.Theycontrolagitation.
D.Theyshieldthebodyfrompainandelevatefeelingsofpleasure.
Difficulty:Medium
ctions.
Page:70
91.Whoamongthefollowingismostlikelytohaveelevatedlevelsofe
ndorphins?
A.Amy,a30-year-oldteacher,whoisinshockafteracarwreck
B.Jamie,a40-year-olddiplomat,whoisrelaxingonacruise
C.Martha,a32-year-
oldhomemaker,whoisshowingsymptomsofschizophrenia
D.Joshua,a17-year-
oldstudent,whoisdepressedafterseeinghislowSATscores
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ctions.
Page:70
92.Basedonprovocativeresearchthathaslinkedoxytocintostress
,ifJuliafindsherselfinastressfulsituation,sheismostlikelyto
A.runawayfromthesituation.
B.stayandconfrontthestressor.
C.seeksupportfromafriend.
D.reactasifnothingiswrong.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
LearningObjective:Explainhowneurotransmittersinfluencebeha
vior.
Page:70
93.Whichofthefollowingisasignificanceofthebrainlesioningproc
ess?
A.Itassessestheamountofglucoseinthevariousbrainregions.
B.Itgivesathree-dimensionalviewofvariousbrainregions.
C.Itgivesasenseofthefunctionsofthedamagedbrainregions.
D.Itassessestheamountofradioactivityinseveralbrainregions.
Difficulty:Medium
LearningObjective:Explainthetechniquesusedtomapandstudyth
ebrain.
Page:72
Topic:BrainFunction
Topic:BrainStructure
94.Gabrielsuffersfromseizures.Hisdoctortellshimthatheneedsto
getabrainscan.Whichofthefollowingtechniquesisthedoctormost
likelytosuggest?
A.electroencephalography(EEG)
B.electromyography(EMG)
C.theadrenocorticotropichormone(ACTH)test
D.thereticulocyteindex(RI)test
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ebrain.
Page:72
Topic:BrainImaging
95.Sasha,aresearcher,isworkingonaprojectonthehumanbrain.P
artofherresearchrequireshertoplaceelectrodesonthescalpsofhe
rsubjectstostudytheirbrain-
waveactivity.Inthisscenario,Sashaismostlikelyusing
A.anelectroencephalograph(EEG).
B.positron-emissiontomography(PETscan).
C.functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).
D.anechocardiogram(ECG).
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ebrain.
Page:72
Topic:BrainImaging
96.Judithhasbeenaskedtovisitawell-
knownneurologistinhertown,whowillexaminethelevelsofglucos
einJudith’sbrain.Whichofthefollowingtechniqueswilltheneurolo
gistmostlikelyusetoconducttheexamination?
A.positron-emissiontomography(PETscan)
B.computerizedaxialtomography(CATscan)
C.transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)
D.magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Medium
ebrain.
Page:73
Topic:BrainImaging
97.Meredithsuspectsthathermotherissufferingfromdementia.Ho
wever,Joy,apsychiatrist,askshertovisitaneurologisttogetanX-
rayofhermother’sbraintoconfirmthis.Whichofthefollowingbrain-
imagingtechniqueswilltheneurologistmostlikelyusetogettheX-
ray?
A.transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)
B.positron-emissiontomography(PETscan)
C.magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)
D.computerizedaxialtomography(CATscan)
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ebrain.
Page:73
Topic:BrainImaging
98.Inwhichofthefollowingwaysdoesfunctionalmagneticresonan
ceimaging(fMRI)detectthefunctioningofthebrain?
A.Itexploitschangesinbloodoxygenthatoccurinassociationwithb
rainactivity.
B.Itmeasurestheamountofglucoseinvariousareasofthebrain.
C.Itstudiesthebrainonlywhenthebrainisactive.
D.Itestablishesacause–
effectrelationshipbetweenvariablesassociatedwithbrainactivit
y.
Difficulty:High
ebrain.
Page:74
Topic:BrainImaging
99.Adrian,aneurologist,isexaminingthebrainactivityofchildrenw
ithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.Heobservesimagesofth
eirbrainswhiletheyareperformingareadingtaskandthenagainwh
entheyarenotengagedintheactivity.Hecomparesthesereadings.
Althoughheestablishesarelationshipbetweenthetwovariables,h
eisnotabletoestablishthatonevariablecausestheother.Whichoft
hefollowingbrainimagingtechniquesishemostlikelytohaveusedf
orhisstudy?
A.functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)
B.positron-emissiontomography(PETscan)
C.computerizedaxialtomography(CATscan)
D.transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ebrain.
Page:74
Topic:BrainImaging
100.Michael,aresearcherinthefieldofneuroscience,hasatheorya
boutaspecificareaofthebraincausingdifficultiesinfacerecognitio
n.Todrawcausalinference,heintendstotesthishypothesisondogs
bydisruptingregionsoftheirbrainsandexaminingtheeffectsofthis
disruptiononthedogs’face-
recognitioncapacity.Whichofthefollowingtechniquesshouldbeu
sedbyMichaeltoachievehispurpose?
A.computerizedaxialtomography(CATscan)
B.magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)
C.transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)
D.functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
ebrain.
Page:72
Topic:BrainImaging
101.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthebrain-
imagingtechniqueknownastranscranialmagneticstimulation(TM
S)?
A.Itcannotbeusedtoestablishcasuallinksbetweenbrainactivitya
ndbehavior.
B.Ithelpscreatevirtuallesioninginthetargetedbrainarea.
C.Itisnotusedtotreatanyneurologicalorpsychologicaldisorders.
D.Itisusedtoexaminethebrainactivityinrestandactionstates.
Difficulty:Medium
ebrain.
Page:72
Topic:BrainImaging
102.ArnoldBecker,adoctorinSeattle,needsinformationaboutthel
ocationandextentofdamageinvolvingstrokeandlossofmemoryof
hispatientNicole.Whichofthefollowingtechniqueswillhemostlike
lyusetodiagnoseNicole’scondition?
A.computerizedaxialtomography(CATscan)
B.brainlesioning
C.positron-emissiontomography(PET)
D.electroencephalogram(EEG)
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Low
ebrain.
Page:73
Topic:BrainImaging
103.Damienhasbeenunabletosleepforthepastfewweeks.Hewak
esupinthemiddleofthenightandcannotgobacktosleep.Sometime
s,hecannotfallasleepatall,while,atothertimes,heisunabletowak
eupfromsleep.Inthecontextoftheorganizationofthebrain,Damien
’sproblemwithsleepandarousalismostlikelycausedbythepoorfun
ctioningofthe
A.pons.
B.amygdala.
C.medulla.
D.cerebellum.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
LearningObjective:Identifythebrain’sstructures.
Page:74-75
Topic:BrainStructure
104.Donnysufferedastrokeafewyearsago.Formanymonths,hewa
sunabletocoordinatehismovements,makingitimpossibleforhimt
oevenstandup.Sincethen,hehasbeenwalkinginajerky,uncoordin
atedmanner.Inthisscenario,Donny’ssymptomsafterthestrokeare
mostlikelyduetothedamagetohis
A.forebrain.
B.cerebellum.
C.medulla.
D.midbrain.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
LearningObjective:Identifyneurocognitivedisordersduetotraum
aticbraininjury(TBI).
Page:76
Topic:TBI
105.Derekmetwithanaccidentthatcausedseveredamagetohisce
rebellum.Inthecontextoftheorganizationofthebrain,Derekismost
likelytoexperienceproblemsin________asaresultofthedamage.
A.breathingandheartrate
B.hearingandvision
C.speechandcomprehension
D.balanceandmusclecoordination
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:Medium
Page:75-76
Topic:TBI
106.Triciasuffersastrokeattheageof35.Asaresult,hermotorfunct
ioningisseverelyimpaired.Hermovementsbecomeawkward,jerky
,anduncoordinated.Inthisscenario,hersymptomsaremostlikelyc
ausedbydamagetothe
A.amygdala.
B.medulla.
C.cerebellum.
D.hippocampus.
Bloom’s:Apply
Difficulty:High
Page:75-76
Topic:TBI

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