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Equilibrium I
H2O(g) + C(s) Ý H2(g) + CO(g); H = +131 kJ mol−1
Equilibrium II
2CrO42−(aq) + 2H+(aq) Ý Cr2O72−(aq) + H2O(l)
(a) In Equilibrium I, there is 1 mol gaseous reactant and 2 mol gaseous products.
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, an increase in pressure shifts
equilibrium position left to favour the side of the reaction with fewer moles
of gas molecules, so as to reduce the increase in pressure.
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 1
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
2 Equilibrium Constant, Kc
When equilibrium is established at 764 K, the mixture was found to contain 2.484
10−3 mol dm−3 hydrogen, 2.514 10−3 mol dm−3 iodine and 1.695 10−3 mol dm−3
hydrogen iodide. Calculate a value for Kc at this temperature.
Note:
Although 1 mol H2 reacts with exactly 1 mol I2, it does not
necessary mean that [H2] is equal to [I2] at equilibrium.
[H2] would only be equal to [I2] at equilibrium if
they are mixed initially in exactly the right proportions, i.e.
1 H2 : 1 I2.
only HI is present initially.
[HI] 2
KC
[H2 ][I2 ]
(1.695 10- 3 )2
(2.484 10- 3 )(2.514 10 3 )
46.0
Exactly 1 mol CH3COOC2H5 was mixed with exactly 1 mol H2O in the presence of an
acid catalyst and allowed to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium mixture was analysed
and found to contain 0.300 mol ethanoic acid. Calculate a value for Kc at the
temperature of the reaction.
[CH3COOH][C 2H5OH]
KC
[CH3COOC2H5 ][H 2O]
0.300 0.300
V V
0.700 0.700
V V
0.184
Note:
−3
Concentrations (in mol dm ) must be used in the equilibrium
constant expression, not numbers of moles.
Since volume of the mixture is not given, let V be the
volume. Conveniently, all “V” terms cancel out in this
example.
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 2
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
3.1
3.2
3.3
[0.643]
3.4
[0.0218]
3.5
[4.01]
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 3
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
3.6
[0.249]
3.7
[0.050 mol]
3.8
[96 %]
3.9
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 4
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
4 Equilibrium Constant, Kp
4.1 For reactions involving gases, it is much easier to measure gas pressures than gas
concentrations.
4.2 For a gas, concentration and pressure are proportional to each other at constant
temperature:
n
P RT
V
n
At constant temperature, P = concentration
V
4.3 For gaseous equilibria, it makes more sense to quote an equilibrium constant in
terms of pressures rather than concentrations.
Total pressure PT = PA + PB + PC + …
PA = xA PT
PB2 PC
Kp
PA
where PA, PB and PC are partial pressures of A, B and C respectively
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 5
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
A vessel containing only dinitrogen tetroxide was held at a temperature of 350 K until
equilibrium was established. The equilibrium pressure was 123 kPa and the mole
fraction of nitrogen dioxide was found to be 0.800. Calculate the value of Kp at this
temperature.
N2O4(g) Ý 2NO2(g)
Mole fractions at eqm 1 – 0.800 = 0.200 0.800
Partial pressures / kPa 0.200 123 = 24.6 0.800 123 = 98.4
2
PNO
Kp 2
PN2O4
(98.4)2
24.6
394 kPa
5.1
[160 kPa]
5.2
[11.7 kPa]
5.3
[0.0185]
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 6
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
5.4
[8.10]
5.5
5.6
[1.68 atm]
5.7
[(a) Moles of PSO2 = 1.00 mol, Moles of PO2 = 0.50 mol, Moles of PSO3 = 1.00 mol;
(b) PSO2 = 0.400 P, PO2 = 0.200 P, PSO3 = 0.400 P; (c) P = 38.5]
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 7
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
5.8
5.9
6.2 When writing an expression for the equilibrium constant for a heterogeneous
equilibrium, terms for pure solids or pure liquids are left out of the expression.
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 8
H2 Chemistry Remedial Practice Chemical Equilibria
7.1
[14.1 atm]
7.2
[f = 0.69]
7.3
[30 atm]
2012-03-20_REMEDIAL_ChemicalEquilibria-Questions 9