hth AADT (Average Annual Datly Traffte) Tho total. yosrly trafftc volume ‘ivided by the nomber of days in the year. AASHTO — Abbreviation for Ametean Aesoctation of State Wighvay and ‘Transportation offictals. Auney Level ~ A nand-neld surveying Enstranent of elinonater, having a adjustable Inclined Tine’ of stghts Annoy Level Line or Flag Line = As Snelined Tine run in the field vith fan Abney Level to explore the po Hivie grades available. for a high= ay Location. Usually, the Line ts hed temporarily by’ tying plas~ fe ribbons to. stakes, tress, and bushes, hence," the term “flag Tine. Abscissa - The distance measure fo the cn" oF horizontal direction on Acceleration Lane = A apced change Lane to enable a whtele entering a rosduay “to increase 1ts spool €> werge with through traffic. Access Control - the regulated 1a~ Station of access that {3 achLeved Through the regulation of public fccess rights to and fzoa proper= fen abutting the highway Factlt- Access Openings - Openings in the Fight-ofway Ling ehae serve abut Hing land” omershtps whose Te— balning. access eights have bean equived by the MOC. tetween @ meat value. Active Presgure on Walls - Tho horizontal pressure exerted on the Back of a retaining wall by earth Losda ‘and water, {f prosont. ASS gy beget) AMDT Sa AR pa Gilead (Reape Poy ne Stil ed gtesst = AASHTO ip asne Ge ems aT creer SO elt gi dans ce al = ga Be Se rai waste des come = BN et pleat thy SS eS gs BO Weak gia Lapaye dana, Steal Tse Rigel sgt seg Sat. GR BeOS on wl tall SiN het Ghee PL keke gett gat as lan Reet peed) Ube = lel ye oak pl tO Go gs SAP he oe OS, Tek ob Gye phat at = yea bes Gaur {gh pee GN yar ey See Sn fet eat Sit pe dS ole ok — Usa cu Guin lca Yor goes Sw Tig, Sr" ey se Jaan Ge a oe heed owe wig Arye = salt BAY = otyntt gle glean ast Thole gett hae eT PSAdmixture (Additive) ~ A cubstance ‘added toe aixture to inpart a spe cific characteristic, such an pos Solith in concrete,” aneistrippieg Meente in Meuminous wince, caletan Ehoride” or sodiua” chloride to lay, ete. ADT Gx) (Average Datly Traffic) ~ The current or projected average two-way daily traffic for the year Tixx uted to define the traffic for thet year in the Hegira Calendar. Adverse Grade - on « long, desce Ingeavadey a short section of ending road and vice versa. Aavertisenent The public an- Rouncenent, inviting Tenders for tthe ork Aeolian Deposits ~ wind deposited fmeterial such as dune sande and Aerial Photography - The _pho= tographing of che earth's surface fron the att, usually, vith spectal Aesthetics - A branch of phiosopty dealing vith beauty and the boauti~ Tul and” Judgnencs of taste con cerning thems in highay | engi~ neering, aesthetic Judgments ave to do primarily with the highway as 4 hole and the roadsides, includ = an aggregation of Send, gravel, crushed stone, oF othe: aaterial of aioeral compo= coubinatéon with a binding medium fo. form bituainos and portland cement conerete, mortar, plaster, Aggrogrates (Coarse) ~ Aggregates Predominantly retained on the t.75 fn (be 4) shaves Aggrogrates (Pine) — Aggregates passing the 9,5 mm (3/8 iss) sieve fand. almost entirely passing the 1095 ee (i. 4) steve, and predon Anantly"retstned on the 0075 mm (Gio, 200) steven eb oot Sue Bale = (aa) pe Seat ee ee Ned et pai N cont it Gt Bo Sag eS poe ais “tay ats Dh pgeasel opt ie tee oa a pueda > tage Be Sy Gh eas Se we ae (im ot Noel patil fll aS gael ee seed te Sell stall Teall LUTE oe eel ya pe et het woe bE Sue SSE Lelias cheat ghyell hangs Ca con OE eens) Mt CAE I he oases = gael psa Soe ot RE SO 2 LU gah oe Ee = lawl ple Beh Ee Ua ole C3 SL a to res” oh Soe Sob Je, ee Ree Pw GS ae es Ds cr TS Sy Duh oe eben = elas! Bgl Gh EEN Huy gol Sigh hy pe eae oI SS was thay Diger gece clang = (LE) ost e BY Packie te as oh Nk or oe clans = (hee) olast ye Ses (ee TA) satel tue JE Fen Gre JL oe es Tove Jt GB seas “te a) 1 py aahAte-Dry Material - Natertals deted by tatural method such a5 expo~ ure under anbieat atmospheric con Gelose or by an areifictal wothod hat. staulates ‘exposure to the at~ rposphere. Abr Botraining Agent = An adntxtuce lused tn portland conont concrete to Ate-Volds ~The space ta @ com pected atxture not filled with e01- {as or Liquids. Alkalinity ~ The dogres of strength fof an alkali, A Tiqetd ts ald to fe alkaline if it has a pil factor sreater then seven. Ati-Terrain Yehtele (ATV) - A ehicle with flotation tires, four thee! drive, ond someténes “artle= lared. Alluvium ~ Sof, the constituent Of which have bon transported in Suspension by floving water and Subsequently deposited by sedinen~ tation. Angle of Internal Friction ~ Te angie shose tangent isthe ratio between the resistance offered to siding along any plane in the soil find. the “component of the applied Force acting noreal to that plane. Values are given 1a dozreos. Angle of Repote ~ The angle between the horizontal and the maxims Slope that a soll assumes through fpatural processes. for dry granu~ Tar soils che effect of the height of slope 42 negligible; for cohe- Stve sofls, the offect of hotght of Slope {sso great that the angle of repose a meaningless. Anhydrous - Pros from waters Approach - ALI lanes by whieh vem icles my Invéully proceed covard fan intersection. Approach Delay ~ That delay expor- {enced on the approach to an intee= section. Approach Lights - low bean he: Hehe Sie Mast tT ot gat eat de, Tk PG, en SS aa oe gppesll Sloe Mal eh pay bel = Mell wae ee Rect ied pines!” SS eat tar oh oo BL = eget cu Das WT, Ton Baeeareris ngplb plea igh tags — tpl PG Br Shee Caste! phall pi a sa Stes = any Fe Sa cat tee gh el Cs Wok Ea sura oS lal weil ged Glo ot ans hye Allain tut Bas St gh Glas Las holy = gilt tsa Rly oe Ne ee ee Fe ep a Seer ON Gey yatta Tat ete ea a rots JES pe aE vagal! oe Reloll = wel thy Sh BP oa ee Soe” oe Gen ast Teh ge SS Sen 6h St in on” ge en cab gt eto AueLs gal = tenthAoprosch Hote = in end of an ts Bihee gl Loe bbe eta pak ‘oF neutral ares between roa PU gy ae gb oe whteh faces approaching trae Bea, SS He ‘that passes. elther on one oF Tet Acbitrary Goordinater ~ A systen of pee chat Coordinates based. upon an aebi~ Se. fe TOE SC Erarily chosen origin and not bas aie esa ricerca ‘upon a cartographic projection. fasten a a Sy) A (See Plane Coordinate System.) Acchitectural Features ~ As used tn wh ee ot OS = Ayla ott Tosdside enhancement, these may SOS Ets Include stepped retaining walls to TSP Ulead ayaa Rniaize the viaual iapact of aaa Sears Sar SS sive walls, rock seulpturing to SER" tr Sy Sees Blend distorbed arear ato the aat= BM pe tga os gan teal terrain, and special erestaent PS eet of bridge abutments. and. culvert we aaa Sochs cs Heat” eo blend them sat Ee Testu oka ‘Arrestor Bed scape Ramp ~ A road tee Sob — taste et 92 east sae Chat Fung edther uphill or dovabsll Sapper sce nel from the “main traveled way. and Lato te ols Sete desk Whose ‘surface te a deep bed of Se See went gh eg ge Lae ose sand or gravel, in which the St a vehicle hecomet mired and slowed t0 Teese yous 2 VSL) oe 2 stop. (See also Gravity “Escape Rasp). Arterial Highway or Street ~ 4 oe cee highway primarily for the novenent eS I Ar ae of ebrough traffic. Te may nave fhe ee Cr got Ta Gither grade intersections with Cyr cu gt aah Re Sh other higheays or grade separated COM ae pee ae gay Entersectlons. A desiga clasatti~ Sak on of roads. ArSeale Sound Lavell ~ Sound wetght- Sg ed — Sanh get (N) otek fed eccording co the Anoricen “Ke~ a Sei Sy oe Oy Tonal Standards Institute. (ANSI) el eNom) Standard S1-4-1971, and. designated (ye ecoa, “Tas, Aercale. Acgeale sound levels om DB Seat cate egad gee (1 Phasize che high frequencey sound Sol oe BE IE Kut wat by eliminating ome of the low fre~ ak gs swency sound. Asphalt ~ A dark brow to black Be Reet ae ale = unt Cementitious material; solid, semi~ Sy a the solid, oF Liquid in consistency; in TE se BO Which’ the predominating conseitun Va ce en Pea Ss oe feats are Bitumens that occur ia st Dye, War stare at such of witch are ob” saa pode Rel Ge SU Teined a2 reaidue in refining pe trolewn.Asphalt Cement - A Fluxed or un~ floxed aaphelt espectally prepared Ae to quality anf consistency for Ateece use tn Meumtaous pavencats, Sand. having penetration at 25°C Of between 5 snd 300 under @ Lond 9f 100 g applied for 5 se Asphalt Concrete - See Mtvninous Asphalt Tmulelon - See tauloitied Asphalt Overlay — A. pétuataous Paving. course placed ‘over ah ex Ssting surface ‘to provide saooth= nese and increas strengths Aephalt Material - See Dituninous Material. AsTH — Abbeeviation for Amertoan Society for Testing and Matertal Ary (ALL Terrata vehtele) ~ & vo- fete wich flotation tires, four Ghee detve, and sonetines artic ated. Auxiliary Lane - The portion of the Foadway adjoining the traveled vay for aeavtag, truck climbing, speed changey of for other parposes. p= traffic move Available Head ~The highest hend~ water caused by a channel constric= ion that can be tolerated without damage to roadeay structure or adjacent property. Average Annual Datty Teaftte (AADT) he total yearly. traffic voluae Aivided by the amber of days a Average Daily Teaftte (xx) (ADT) The. curtent” or projected average two-way datly ‘teattie for che sere Mine uted to define the teafetc for that Year in tho Hegirs calendar. Average Highway Speed = The wetght~ ed, average of the. design speods ichin # Mighvay section when each Gubsection withia the section 1t Conaidered to have en individual oe aN gees Stet = gat coe Gipidhs iad 389 Led oe eee Ce een Peto BE Sot Se Se OE aS oe be sae Ton go fgets en Rete kas Mogety = heat oun At JUL ates et oe est ga aoe pee ee Senet" pe gles = ASM gaat Soy a EE me le ed) sat) — Sse AM ES gem gt S13 COG tapas coed Tae er Be CI AE, Sore Ta we A BL Be aE ye se at Gal ao of cage petty dial Bea ies eee eee cal ight ee ke th = tea ge Cae ele oS et gs oF te Soe OO a Gaya ASS geal goal (AAD So SO a PO ae oe Uk yaya ad SMe saat Se esse (AIT) Tse eae ol GT age ree eee sates ea PE ee a GES, Lor ora, A pl gh gle ett degen BR CT Cer goth See US gt al Gohl on be BP OS Ge IS aAverage Totetal Horizontal Tian inance ~ The average level of hort— zontal {1luninance on the pavensat tea of a traveled way at the tine the Lighting systen 1a installed, fare clean; expressed 10 Lux (lunens per square moter or horizontal frtace) Average Overall Travel. Speed - The Gunnation of distances traveled by AIL wehtcles, or a specified el Se vehicles,” over’ a given section of “Mighvay’ during a. spect#ied ‘Ration of overall travel times. Average Spot Speed ~ The ariehnetic ‘eean of the speeds of all traffic, for a component thereof, at 4 spec” ttea potae. Axle Load = the total Load trans mitted sy all wheels on a single Bele extending across eho full width of the vehicle, Tandem axles Tm of 1ea5_apart shall be consid ered a3 @ single szle. Antmuth ~The angle clockwise tn rads frog true North to a given mackEi1 = watertal used to re- place, or the act of replacing, Tien; alae denotes material placed, for the act of placing, material Jakalope = tn cuts, the stope trom the botton of the ditch to the top Backwater - Tenporary ponding or Storage of Flood flow upstream From Betance = (1) An inetrument used for welghing. (2) 1 deaign a ee on of higheay such that the vol tune of earth necessary for enbank= rent equals the voluse of excava ton. erent Ce ren Tat up kee ys se buh oe ug A, Gute Tens ah gas ead Ca ey ule ear ciey SOE TA A Sa Bie aries) anges (oun Zor Sap ge Fry a Sr See te a ee et Tey pt Be pall Geb Aish CO Se a Sou a penn Fn EE A GS Riedl gllanl = gga yee Se ee ce Ute Reipeaae tee area Eee cas een ac aT Soe ys wT I wots seth Rash eet tel Cr gaan Suelo. aes Be cee pONaeed Rea Fake = pay Gabe Sig te oie oat ot att Nas paca ae pod eI Fan SG Ve ae tn Gy She oleh! gs — gk stat cig em ome el vb gee fo best oe we ses) gb pues HSI 11] = olde SF AE ak oe te ene 1) Sot Sy 3h i SO BS1 - (1) Gravel, broken stone tutes at) = Gu dept ga far materfals, "ates, used to Boe te? bitteye C2) A at) gon ee Sat mn elucerte dts ques gels chee ge pases charge lanp to obtatn the neces Ca ss Sew Gos sary cfreult conditions (voltae, Sea Eng aang 2h) current, and wavefora) for starting net cles iad fand operating the laep. Balled - Plant transplanted with Sly atk dpi ots — Lea roots in @ ball of earth. Os as Pe Rareroot Plant transplanted with got gues SL = gsealt ayant fo sof] on the rootes ot ee Iarrier curb - A corp enae 18 a= ely chy gene ees = Sete tent Signed with = near vertical face SP SS to prevent or discourage vehicles eS Fron leaving the Ceaveled way. ‘base Course ~The layer, or layers ake ge oleh gf Lich — etal Mab OF specified or aclected material aiee” LSS Sty sek gt ee SE designed thickness placed on 3 Ay CDs ee Subbase or a subgrade to mupport (hot th eal sear surface course, asic Capactty ~ The maxiun ounber tgel coat saat = 2 au of passenger cara thet cao. pass a Ma ge pa Ngee gt gS fiven potatos a Lane or” roadway Bee Ba Se a Ou ae uring 1 hour under the most nearly Cora usec ad Ja age tas deat roadway and traffic. condi” a a aoe ‘lone that ean be attained. Beacon - A type of traffic control Cel oe Ge tiie Gee Lu signal, generatly used with an ap~ Tae, OU eu hee ett propetate sign, ia which the red oF Foy CO a, Yellow Lens of lenses are: alter= Ja pee Clay al ately f{lluninated and darkened at Let Srate of about once per second. Redrock ~ Rock of relatively great Bhs ts ke ee Cnlekness and extent tn {ts native ied Cte gb eae ahaa aes locations Bench Mark - A permanent or somi~ ae I tats ke = ee Permaneat natker of known clevat fon Gas? Gat cigar GLENS asl Shove the datum plane, nt Bera - (1) A raised and clongated wun abl on fete (1) = tt fitea of earth Intended to direct Rosas! bas cane Langnsy Uebel the flow of water, screen headlight BPG Sar aso Hines or celtvece oot of conteot Bee ae en ee SY wehicies. (2) tabanknent widening Sou SS fo provide lateral support for the a he roadway. Bteycle ~ Any vehicle that hae exo Spay gettne ty eS gl = tata thesis snd i propelled solely by Guay sau ween “soot a the muscular’ energy of the perm bogie bauel gh Jia plant fon(a) om that vehicle by moans of pedals or hand cranka.Bd = see Tender. Bidder (Tenderer) ~ aa tndtviduat, Fira, oF corporation adbatttiag & Tender for the Work. BILL of quantities ~ A 11st shoving prices and/or Lup suns for specif fe dteas of the Work. Bader ~ Yatorial used to stabilize oF bind “together loose “soil” or graded “gyregate “and. bleaminoas fatortal placed between the bese course anda bituainous aurface Bieuntnous Gonerete ~ A combination of mineral aggregates and asphalt cement ixed ina, central plants Btuninoue concrete te urually saixed, laid, and compacted while Bituminous Material (1) marertat containing bitumen, (2) A general eutbacka, and enuletfied sephalt Attuatnows Pavement — A pavenant conposed of crushed rock or other aggregate cemented together “with Mitunen. Bituainous Surface Treatment — The application of liqutfied Bituminous bpetertal and agazegate to an ex Teting road sertaces Bond (Tack Goat) = The application ofa Liquid Bitumen to cause a nev Surface to adhere to” an existing Borrow - The material necessary to fot avallable from the design exca~ Boulder ~ A rock fragnont, usually rounded by weathering er abrasion, with an average diameter of 75 tm oe ee tna Bebe TN ee ett pas Toei ke Fa ie eas ee ras) ices a eh Nha ee Se ey eee oie ae ns aude ye ee rae ene pee ge Sse me ere SS ee FR yay Wasp yey BS ot gee Hobe [Je LL aL eet wee Shkiany paler woke oe bBo hey = GLI sett ee CAs tas we gy = ue eo ae OP 2 US vie een ee eet ee en woe CEL Tigegol wad Mase yg) tate = tant ete SE me ee eal ret] Sous hss tke ge Lake — aged Aout dala Jake tate Tt We CT‘brake Reaction Distance ~ The dis~ ance traversed wy che vehicle foe the instant the driver sights am Obloct necerattating a stop to. the Braking Dt Guteed to stop the vehicle from the ance ~ The distance nstane brake pplication begins. Branch Connection - A aulttlane connection between Eo expressways (aotoreays). Deeshaway (Htelding) Supports A Support for a roadside device chat yields or collapses readLly shen Iteuck by a vehicles Brlage - A structure excending 6 Cleat span measired along the cen erline of the rondway, wefch cat Ties. traffic over # watercourse OF opening. Broken Back Curve - An arrangement of curves in whieh « short cangent Separates two curves in the fame dteection. Butter Zone (Buffer Strip) ~ Lands fdjacent to a lghway acquired by the highway auchoricy for’ the pur~ pore of preventing developnent that would "be adversely affected by traffic noise, or for erecting Bullet-Hoaed Median - On @ divided Iigheay intersection ats grade, a Tong-radius configuration “of the raedian end to porate flatter turns Fron the crossroad. ‘bor - A self-propeliod vehicle used for the teanspartation of paasen~ ers ‘with a sheet dave of |S mor fore including articulated vehi~ cles. Entersecetone or aidblock with Gem peted entrance and exit for ulm Loading and loading passengers. bus Lane — A teaffte lane res ved Bypass - A highway that _perates traffic co avoid part or all of an ‘orban areas BL ge = dak a ay pee tear eas or Unt ga aig) Gpaane ty) gett eta le at By! Sie yk Ue wey SSS Sehr St Sha oe State tans Ley = keeyd bey Sone Sekesh ome pees eee Sanat eye pea ae eae woo ke oe te = esl Ley R I OS FETS Dee oe Sat rhe te ote ahs = ght nce Pes Oe gh pee date = (pt aye) WL ake POOP aR ato gst Co apie aN Tat teh SYN aS grat wt gas Sete hs = ghgsall dba 99 Let Spall QSL Ea Sh Be Cg ae Son “Ge ae Tpratety gle! (win Bets spe = LN) erage Ta, Tear Pe Be Jer Soja + unbalt Stes ws vee tethat gle = egal, tte RONSON ah tT ce eee bE Sa et ei apy apaed Ce sad Meee WE reel Ub peer Gazal Aad came ple Gag = bees Lane tae gh Meee ke Jp“ Cateareour - Material containing oF Sinilae to ealeium carhonate’ oF Hine. Calendar Dey - Beory day shown on the legira calendars Celifornta Bearing Ratio (CBR) — The ratio of the Force cequired to penatrate soil mass with a chr= the force eecutred tp penetrate a tngss of hish quality crushed. aeone ‘ith the sane piston. Ive rate of enocratton in’ both cages. ta. 1-27 Camber ~ A alight arch designed o Bulle’ sate a structure ‘to. compen sate for the natural deflection after loadings Candela (ed) - The unt of lunt~ nous tntenetty, Cendlepower (ep) ~ inmtnous inten sity expressed in candelas. Te te no indication of the total Light Capactty ~The naximin number of vehicles that Nave. a” reasonable yxpectation of passing over given fection of a lane ora. ronduay uring a given time period under Prevatling rosdvay end (traffte con Anetons. Captttary Yotsture - Yotsture that lings to soll pareictes by surface tension and renches the particles by surface tension efther when Free ater pasaes through the soil oF by capillary attraction from a vetter Stratune “Within. Lifes, At ean fmove in any direction. Carrtageway ~ See Traveled Wey. Cationte Emulsion - an asphale emulsion that contains positively charged particles that" are at Eracted fo» nopative electrode (cathode). ‘on (Central Business District) - That portion of a mntetpality whore the dominant Land ute fa for Intense business activity. 0 a eee Ue = es sok a sh cuss At Po oe JE = gett pall oe Bes — de Leste ine ee, a Ba Ta SS pe oaks get ee eT A Ue ey So on ne A BES Ve tor een Hs SIS pane bene yet — certs! Net a Geen Fn pes FAaH ULES ged bang = ate Way dat ke, Noes Wy Staats Ce SiSit tgal Poe ere SOLS BO Soa el Rak = ttt Ltt Shen SL Cai thse pee pean Tae “Sls i Coon Be Ce Seal at be get eae Gl Beet Gh gs Gao Stes hash ease Shan ES spell Sahl gels eka pas = A gt gael be SU ole pane Tl Ser OF aS St pare TaneT eee leap e roiorcetBR (California Bearing atto) ~ H (eee) etyptelts Jaen) CBR The ratte of the fores required to Bo Seeesiiaayesanl aan) ee penetrate a aotl aes with a clr= Te Gallon gk ole falar platon of 5 cw dianotor to ee ya al ae Ey the force required 9 penetrate Sea Cn Be ase of high quality crushed stone Td gh peat gr ol With the sano piston. The rate of penetration in toth cases a 1.27 fm per minute. Centerline - (1) for a two-lane petted Lee (1) — deg bs IMigheay the centerline 12 the atd~ Se re on dle of the traveled way, and for SS Sa os eta oat divided. highway the centerline ee ieee ey! be the ‘canter ofthe. wodtane eee egeicci nee art For » divided highway with Gedepen= Soke Thy oe) aot ene eoadvays, each roadvay has tts GOS stan oi gS peek goat own centertice, (2) Tho defined iy SS find turveyed Line shown on the Cute gb we ny sae Plans from which the highvay con” Sar Ce SP a seruction te controlted. fost Centerline Projection - A Line Wht ol pow BE dept he ie Arava on 8 topogeaphic map co ex oes Ce aS St Plore ies posstbitictes aaa high= nets Bond ey routes Central Business District (CBD) = ws gst ote tah That portion of 3 nustetparicy Pee ake OT eel ye at where the dominant land use {5 for SOU ST aT ot Intense busters activity. Channelization ~ The separation of oe ret eee traffic flow into deftaite paths, Be Se ga by neane of Eraffic. markings oF Coats SOS falande. Channeltzed Intersection ~ A grade = toma ota go htt Intersection where trafelc is dt Sanat ed AS pe pee ah rected into definite paths by is- Ben Ea Tanah Channel Stabitizatton ~ Protection Sty te = ee ete fof open channels from exconsive DSS ea lige oe gk erosion and. scour by channel lin Srear eh EN, ng. “Linings may be flexible, such De doe SS fs rock riprap and. vegetation, oF ett Se es Check-Dan = A structure usually peel gk a oe Tava watercourse’ to retard water Soe ty on Sn flow, thereby reducing erosions fe eee eal City or Village - A subdivision oe age tht = ted gt ede comprized of 4 collection of houses Bot “he ot bt ups nd/or fara, used to designate. ot aes at SDs [entity the’ Location of the pro- posed Work.Classification = Te grouping of Mahways, materials, soils, ster, fccording to sinitar tratfie of physical characteristics. Clay ~ A fine-textured sotl, usu SUy plastic and sticky when wey Sieien” eualty beaks Lato hard Tunps when dry. When the moist soll ts plached between the thuab nd finger, it will fora a long, flexible ribbon. Glay Sized ~ That portion of che CLinbing Lane ~ An additonal teat Fie Lane provided for slow movlog vehicles on the up-arade side of a Maney Cloverleaf Interchange ~ A for-eg fnterchange "with leopa for” Left turns, and other comnections for Fight turns. A full cloverleal as each quadrant Goefttctont of Uesttzation (aI) The tatho. of the luniaous flux (nena) from a Loniaatre recetved onthe surface of the roadway to the lumens eaitted by ‘the luni naires” lanp(s) alone. Goneston ~ That property of mater Tal that tends ‘to make tts par Gohestontess Soll - A soft thet, when unconfined, has little or 00 Strength vhen at dried, and 1ieele of 0. cohesion ‘hon’ submorzeds Sand is sn example of cohestonless Cohesive Soil - A soil that when unconfined has considerable Strength hea eit dried and chat merorde Cottector wishway or Street = A highway thae™ provides "a. combina tion of Land aceses and movenent. of Chrough traffic, A deaiga clasel~ fication for these type roads. Lt yt gees = ett SoS LSE Taeaccet SLE ta Boe us gente to ys = Stade 26 Sr Tea Sen SSS Wns eho gt pay ger Mes ng ok Tat ace Sho: Sey lar Beat oe nt ot ao gta een ee geal Cork oe Lag) O= peye By JE le bts we su iS Sear Ta ED A SIs oe Ss et, TT eel ods Gaet SH ger het = tat dale CLS Ga A oe rT i aeglt et od govt WPL ot oe a Vepaaer goss Cantal die Ag ae ye = Ile aed ys ts se ag te oo a SOS geet gt Sa eT als,” or Da Sa tor ak Pot A St ok te gat Ryall en ite te CL eS etal ead nat aay Mtl faut in. Tab CBStn an 2 nib oe gyal SGU besa gayCollotds - That portion of the sott finer than 1.001 te Compaction ~ The artiftetal denst~ fication of sass. by. rolling, camping, vibeatieg, oF other mean. Compresssbtlity - The property of " that enables ie to. remain Comprensed after compaction. Compressive Stress - Te strese produced In a nenber uhen' the fore~ 26 actiog on It tend eo push the particles tossther. Concrete (Bituminous) - Soo Bit~ iminous Concrete Concrete (Portland Cement) ~ A nte~ tare of portland cement, water, fine aggregate, and coarse. ogsre gate with or without an adatxture. Consistency - The dogree of cohe~ siveneas of resistance to movenent oF constituent particles in a mass Sf meorisl- ‘Sone of the terme figed to. express contiatency are! firm, hard, fctable (easily crow bled}, sticky, of nofts Consolidate - To density by conpace Hon or aatural mans. Continuous Lighting - The Iiehting fof rosduays botvenn {nterchangesy Cunneta, and underpasses, Contour Grading Plan - A éraving shoving aa arrangement of concours Intended to Integrate construction Feduee erosion, and improve drain” ae. Contour Line ~ A Line (a9 01 a map) that connects potnts of equal ele~ vation ons land surface. Contract Tten (Pay Teen) ~ A spect~ Heatly described unit of otk for Witch a uate peice ts provided tn the tender Beal On Le w= oat we ey ge al Belge AS) pleat acest — ut at fsa Soy Sco BI he ek tT wt ae ~ any GU) tye = ha atest Tt a Le “tae ioe steer ge test ble Qi) cle BOA = utr) Beat Bak = (Ayal euett) LL Su Baty tatty a Gade oi Regia gl Leon ays = pt gbit BEST ae Sgt Slyere Gane on CN eae ore (BAM ote) GEE Me = ate coon Ss) ken 2 I sot cae eh ht ee tary = (qi a) te ay pessoaGontesct Tine - The number of working. daye or calendar days al~ Towed for completion of the con tract, neluding authorized tine Gxtensions, When a calendar date St completion 1s shown in the ten~ dee, in Iter of the mmber of work ng’ or calendar days, the work con templated shall. be’ completed. by contractor ~ The individual, fra, or corporation contracting with the NOC. for performance of the prem Seribed Work. Coordinates = A set of aunbers sed Snvvdesertbing the ocation of a potat on a surface of in apacer Corridor ~ A strip of Land between tao tormint within which taltte, toportaghy, environment, and other characteristics are evalusted for transportation purposes. Corrugated Metal ~ A shoot of metal that has been formed into s series of small regelar parallel wadela~ thon ost ~ A Saudi Riyal value that can bevlateribted tos specific ser vice, product, of activity. ourse - (1) A layer of road a~ terial separately compacted, used ae a wonring surface of asa base for a wearlag surface, (2) One el~ fenent of the pavonont structure of Hinite depth, fg. bituminous wear (rash Gushion (Impact Attenuator) = RVfovice placed” before a fixed Foadaide object to absorb and dis Eipate collteion energy, thos. Te ducing the severity of Lagurtes and property damage. creep ~ The slow movement of = ma- fertar under etvees unually: tapers ceptible except to observations of Tong durations crest Vertical Gurve ~ 4 vertical ‘curve having & convex shape tm Pro= files QM deat put oa = aka tae JUS eh LN aT Tenagt onan ey ony SEL POT gt ake Lesa see yal gee GES gest 25 Leah peat fe ST ae Te US ohana = yt Last Udy eo este LS Se fee es eee ccarl eee etd ee all ge at = pal Sat pec ako BR seth, LI Cs a se os A158 pe gdaall on gy) pide guar oe nce hem cccerer ere ep J eu = CO or OE GUN ey ole oe Ahh (4) = hb ul) ete aa, a (5k Se Sa tet a ee eh Sa Te ae yet Fare vapeur ona Shee = (oleae bite) label Ree So es oe SUT gas Su SSO as enLat is ces TL UL ast — sy Seas ie helene ae og Esk vols ee = dea gly eee wes SO SSGrieseal Density ~ the density of Eraffic whoa che volume d= at caps city on a given roadway or lanes Ae a density etther greater oF Gealler than the critical density the volume of traffic will ‘be de~ creared. Critical density occurs then all vehicles are moving at OF bout ‘the sane speed. Critical Depth ~ The depth of water Flowing in’ an open ‘channel or a conduit partially filled, for which the velocity ‘ead equals one-half the tydeaulie meas depthe Gritteal Flow - A condteion chat exists at the critical dopth; under this condition, the sum of the ver nininin Critical Length of Grade ~ That combination of gradient and length of grade that will causes destg= fated truck £0 operate at sone. pre— deterained mintan speed. A lower speed. than this is unacceptable sd Ssually requires ‘that an auxiliary cLinbing lane be provided for slow noving vehicles. Critical Slope ~ Tho gradient of a chanel thet” sustains a given Gtecharge at a uniform and critical depth. A grade esa than eritical is called “said. grade or slope vhoreas a steopor than critical ‘lope is called a steep slope. Critical Velocity - The velocity in fan open channel or a conduit par~ Cally filled vhere’ the. velocity hhead equals one-half che hydraulic mean depth. Grossing Sight Distance = A dis~ tance along an intersection ap proach le such that vehicle oper Mtore can sce. other vehicles on (rose Section ~ The transverse prom File ofa road shoving, horizontel and vertical dimensions. cael ip UES et UES BS Oo RO ae ies een cet igiee Nae oka Sh at esa Be oe pe Ake tet UG BS oh a Ben, BON ee Sen roe eS we gust ML ge = gt gett te tote eee gt AGS SEL Ba Soe Spc! Sa Gel ae ange UL = gett gist Set Muar SS ae Sask Oty ut a Coane Traybe) tata mee = panel Sell pelt hil a eS sar Bo" ir ier eer paatn reece ave} pivarerelstar rs: Specs rr ipa Ss a ee bce gb HS gy gyal patalt Se SS SE Th cake goal gis igs phe Toe ae OS a Ph Fast ae Ge Aho) OF pee) So) ae ee Tae ate gee ol gee Fo LSE aS telat! Ub gb Ue = spent Gy Seah bls Se tee Sy eo Bhatt sts ga eta Soe a gs fe ee eee gs Ti AT eee oR acl across Slope - TWo-lane and urban Sorbed arterial highways on tan Gente or flat curves having a crow fr Mgh point in the center of the Pevenent and sloptng. downward fovard the edges. These pavements imey be superelevated tosard the Tighe. of Left shoulder on appre= ‘ciable curves. ‘on divided ‘highways on tangent or Flat cerver, each one-way pavement imay havea unidirectional slope fReross the entire width of pave= ent, usually dovavard toward the Ccrosa Walk Any portion of a road~ say at an {ateraeceion or elsewhere ‘atinotly indicated for pedescetan crossing by elgns and by Lines oF other markings on the surface, Crom ~ The highest point of the surface of a tangent traveled way Sn cross ‘section. rushed Gravel - The product ee~ Sulting from the crushing of ordi— fary gravel with. substantially S11 feagmnte having one or more facos resulting fron fracture. Crushed Stone - The product ce~ Suleing from the crushing of €ray— frente of bedrock or large stones Sith all fragments having ell faces Fegultiag from fracture. cul-De-Sac Street ~ A local stroot open atone vend ony, and vith Special provisions for” turning ‘round. Gulvert - A closed eondutt, other than a befdge, which conveys water Careued in a” natural channel oF watervey from one side of a highway to the other stde, Calverte may be prefabricated pipes of concrete, Stecl, of vitrified clay, or ehey tty be cat-in-place structures of Felaforced concrete, “such a8 box Culverts and arch culverts, curb ~ A structure with a vertical OF sloping face placed along. the edge of @ pavonont or shoulder Forming part of a gutter, and strengthening oF protecting the edge 6 C13 Kenstyl dbl = gate pine Shea C13 Gan gy ou BOS oy ayer cttes NGhe ocean Bila arta [ey ate ere est Ee joes tons eae ag any So bt Ste ds Ge Sey oe we! aks ey dest beet se Get ot toe gt = wine Bopp tes toes eh OD STL aS Gob he gh whe ht = us Toes gis J gs Cl ott Ce eee cok ates ae Tiga pid cae eee at wae! Ss SN, vers oe Mont oe ot sage oe ce wal Sor Bar een Sn? Se sti gis Ot > ae ett we) dle ome = Le) ae Ts Pech la so ST oF gee git wee ot LE eH Sey sk le Ss a Se BT 2S EN aS Tae! Pe Geum ocr er ict ei SIG tte es SN wt esuring Material - A material, such fas saturated burlap, polyethylene That prevents the evaporation of tabelag water from portland conent Qurve Widening — The widening of the highway traveled way on. sharp Curves to compensate for the fact thatthe rear wheels of a vehicle 4p not folloy exactly in the track Of the front wheele. lignent in ‘whgch the majority of es longen 1s" composed of etreular utoff ~ (1) (18S/ANSL) A Lumtaatee Lighe diseribution 18 designated cutofe shen the candlepower S00 Lamp Lumens does noe numeri edtly exceed 25 (2-1/2 percent) ae fap angle to 90" above adie (hori Zoatal) and 100 (10 percent) at a werteal angle of 80" above nadie. This applios ‘to aay Lateral angle around the luminaire, (2) The ex Sess length of piling after re- ‘quired bearing 1s ‘achteved. out Section = Thae part of the roadway. that, shen constructed, 13 ower in elevation than the origi- nal ground. > Datly Mlat Rate ~ An anount charged Gquipnant te broken down, sometines referred to aa an omnerahip rater Date - Te day, sonth, and year are reckoned according tothe Hogira Calendar and the applicable date corresponding to the Gregorian cal= Datun Plane - A reference plane to Glevations are refereed. Gener= lly, the datum plane (elevation -003 is mean soa Tovel. Deadaan - 4 buried fan anchor, such ibject serving tcablenguard= sot ek ope Go) octets colt of” eta vey ee Ee Naa “ ar A tS AD glest = kasalt Lege Se a a Be en Sn pea cree tose pest fe es top thy gies ye ee Coes eS ye Se ae dary oe goat et, OZ ht Fe aE OVO TI PORE OY Yor lunar opiate f agaga gall Gr Se lS Sled) Sal gs st Qa ee (eS BP ge a uae Le Tats gh ob a gk anil EG (o) Seat say Ue tte sn eau? Sar SR Sa pee Sekt ge yal a ght gh ON gee ye le os, gu Sn Fee SS (eee eed gic concen! Aizen) estes in aan feet sets By tly al = gyal os eed Siu Gee fee Maan Sa Stet age = OL gee Seine ce eet ee SO Ca ge, Be Se che gar ge ae (phe poeta pane ype poo = Deadnan frerprclevnenl yey osDeceleration Lane ~ A apeed-change ane that snables a vehicle. to slow to a safe exit speed when Dectbel (dB) - The unit for meas Acieighting 12 used, chis untt 1s Sibreviated at dBh. Deciduous ~ Maving Leaves that are thed at the end. of the growing ‘Season; opposite of evergreen. Grate and reinforcing steel ona bridee. Delay ~ The tine lost while craffic 48 “tapeded by sone element over which the driver has a9 control Delay Rate ~ The difference between, the observed ‘rate or sotion and preselected standard rate of m0" Deleterious ~ Harntul Delineator - A visual device for defining the alignnont of 3 road= ey. Dense Graded ~ A vel! graded aggre gate wich suffictent fine material fo nearly £111 all voids. Density ~ (1) The nas por_unit pressed in kilograms per cubic eter, (2) The aunber of vehleles per kiloneter onthe traveled way St a given instant. Depressed Righway ~ A highway vhoso roadway a Below the adjacent round Lever. Design Capacity - the practical capacity or lester value determined For uso” tn destgaing the Mighvay to accomodate the design volume. Seed yl = taal as Te ated Gas sar oe ye OS Sie sega) ¥at gtd Bang = (AB) des Bes SAT OR, ae OE van pa te Les Ghyll gab ote Sn ge gett ne Boh sh Bnew oe ee at ae oth ot cts Say pare ioe gt dam) ger gi = petted Jane tee Tae ery tape SOL OCR Os apne Sk ome Shee = sgt up Unegit yas MU = tS gegss we US Gis Ceo SUN a ee tay J A (1) = use Ge SS cae SEE pl See LSS ena BS SGN SS ty Sl Me cI Dal oe Sap OS ety Seah gals gat ab Sr SS aS ae seth a regan he) at ane Te a Ps pee teh pees lat Salon eteDesign Class - A grouping of ‘high- saya for geometric design purposes fccording ‘to the level ‘of eraffte Service they provide “for road Sserss Four design classes that Conditions, respectively, are: expressways, arterial Nishveys, collector "highways, and local Design Discharge the discharge a culvert 1s designed to pass.” This ‘scharge depends on the recurrence of the cond, and. the characteris Thea of the watershed. Design Headvater ~ Tho elevation of culvert inlet ponding above the fulvert tavert, "for a given store discharge. ov Design Hour Volume (HY) ~The Futuce tvovsay hourly trattic vol tune for use tn design, usually the 30th Nighese hourly” volume of the eaten year (30 HV) Design Lane ~ The Lane on wisch the greatest number of equivalent Brton, stngle-axle loads ta ex pected. “Normally, this will be Sither Iane of a tworlane ‘hghvay or the outside Iane of a multtlane Nigheay. Design Load ~ The loads chat mot bbe supported by a seructure. Design Wotse Levels - The notse evels that represent the upper Amie’ of eccoptable traffic notse fostablished for various activities or land uses. “These levels are {ised to determine the dogree of pact of teatfie notse on human Design Period - The munber of years cildty before the first wajor eha= bitteaeton. ot 28) qeans = Reneaesl teyanal! pest Be “Tn Ah pre eae ell Sess ica ertiaiad | Mae eat So our uid fos oS) wT allt ok gas a Ta a i) Teebnall Goats kennel) api cepa eS geen! (ort) ate pane eat Seen aia oat an an ses ue, Sour Sa Ua aibaierend poe (DI) I, gerne pt Ce ee a tesa ge tase ae Ba a Oa TW) penal hae Me ete ene yell Y= eee aytat TRLEN cyan Ge Gar est toS2y sth Kee Lg Tye Uo By Ee oe “Gat Bebe LNT ote ON ye — penal pet COST GI et cts = Renna pent elypine coe ena a dS ey or Se aS Sy pis a Sue ot eZ eG is Sa eta ae Reet cba Gl geal gone hast cl pie ae = Remand yobs BIS o ST BES eae AeDesign Speed - A speed selected for purpores of design and correls~ tion of the geonctrie features of a higuay and measure of the qual= Ley of service offered by the Bgh— way. Te ds the highest continuous speed stare sndividual vehicles ean Travel with safety spon. = highway thon weather ‘condieions are favor” fle, traffic density is low and the "geometric design features of the nighwry are. the. governing con ditions foe safe spect, Iesign Suhgrede Valve — The euh- grade eteenges value that te equal fo or less" chan approxinacely 90 percent of all. test values ta) the Design Ttekness ~ Tho total ehick~ ness of the. pavenent structure determined fron the ‘chickness de= ‘ign charts ae adequate for a given otal Beton equivalent s{agle-axle bade soit atrengch value. Design Traffie Humber ~ the average Anily sumer of equivalent 80 ‘single-avle loads estimated for the Gerten "iene during the deatan Destga Vehicles - Selected motor Yehicles with the weight, dinen= Sons, and. operating" character istics used to establish hisheey design controls for accommodating vehicles of designated classes. Design Vehicle Turaing Radius ~The Corning tadiae of a Geeige Vehicle ised primarily to. detorsine th iviman tadiue used fn the design OF turning and intersecting rot Design Year - The future year used to. estimate the probable traffic volume for which a hghvay | ts derimed. A"tine 10. to 20 years Fron the! start of construction ta tsuaity used. a teip ends Detector = A device by which vem hleles and pedestrians are enabled fo register their presence or pae~ sages 20 OS eens ll oh Bu ET aoe Ta? Ch pete siete ech SRL Or ee See oka ete Sob Ob gel et clot A hers ae Take Tess soe oO et an So Te Sas SD a WO SOR oe JE aN gg yell yet ao BSS let att = ganna dat ES oe he tN tat Rens as ts an Joe) ET ee SS at big = greens sae dy Sh ae TS BOE ge ga A Teese Cath eT aaa 21S Gk tote = pemtit elute qe teks yt, Sealy atgl pee ere thon PE, Pe BLN lyst gee Oh pea gt etn gett AOS Sag otis Sis et deta ke peat a Sipe) dacoat peat ORD pats SET eT pee ts WT ee Str SS tase geste gt GLE = Ryppll ar Ste gay ote = ay ote Geta oP plasty onc oo tADetention ~ Storage of surface run~ off from drainage area in natural oF minmade depressions. Detour = (1) A conporary rerouting OF traffic. (2) he route of the Cenporary rerouting. DIV (Design Hour Yolune) - The Future twomvay hourly traffic vol= fine for tse {n design, usually the 30tn highest hourly volume. of the design year (30 HY). Interchange. witha single one-way Fanp in each quadrants, ALI. Left fama are gage directly on the since roadway. Dip (Low Water Crossing) ~ A road stream crossing designed to allov Sccastonal flooding. The “road grade is lowered co stream bod {evel from bane to bank. Direct Connection ~ A form of ramp that does not deviate apprectably Fron the intended directton of tr els The inner Toop for Left— Turing movement te avoided by che tise of oparate structures. AN ‘outer connection fs a divect con ection for right-turning mve- Direct Cost = A monetary value that Le the sum oF expendieures that can bbe related to # specific service, product, of activity without prove” Hone birectional Distribution = The ono- ‘olune ia" the predominant ai- Fection of travel, ‘expressed as a percentage of the two-way Destan Hour Volume. Directional Interchange ~ An tntee~ Changey. generally having ore chad fone highway separation, with atrect Connections for the "major Lefe= turning novenents. Directional Ielend - A trianutar Poland used to direct turning move nents along turning roadways eee ble tte kat BAC. Por Deeg Tagekl pea nal eos EP Se ee Sas St Gane dee gt at Delo a ge Bua ae Toe gt ets ge tte elt She gel Glew epee estat he as i Gheall “ted gales ass one pen slat ee Quit Ae sarees gi asta pe oe Ses kets ae te it Ee Saas pe St fo ee Set phe = gale hts re: son Sta eT ee tale oe ge — otal ye tpt SO a Rs SET Speak dab ole aDirect Shear Test - A shear teat tn whieh sot under an applied normal Toad {a stressed to” fallure by roving one. section of the soil con Eatner relative co. the other see~ thon: Discharge Frequency ~ The runoff that can be expected "to occu during the Lite of a highways Design may be on a 10>, 25, or So-yaar foods Diteh - A trench dug ta the carth For drainage purpones. Diverging - The dividing of « ain~ flo steeaa of teaffic into separate Divided Mighvay - A Mighway with Separated rosduays for traffic in opposite directions. Divistonal Ieland ~ A longitudinal Island. t0 separate opposing erat fic, to provide protectton for Lefe cura bays, and to channel teatfie nto the proper approach paths at skeved Intersect on Dormant Stage - The period in plant Tie hen seasonal growth ceasces Drainage ~ (1) Provision for the Aisposal of water. (2) The mode in whieh surtace water (a carried off. Drawings ~ See Plans. Driver ~ Any person who drives a motor vehicle or other» vehicle Gactuding a cycle), or who guides animals "singly. or” ta heeds or flocks, or deat, pack, or saddle animals on a road: Drtvevays - Minor rosdvay connec ttlons that fall ato. three cat— egories: private, comerctal, and posites Detving Lights ~ igh bean head Mghese Dry Magonry - Stone latd utthout Ductility (Steel) - The ability of av'aaterial to deforn plastically Under ‘censite forces before race caries. 2 ee = he ke at gat Sect Sa eae ya wal Jost wh gs Je aes MH pal Tate "a San A ee See Ga LD Ras pa ane een aa) a BE aT ob penal ne 9 ach Bae a staat ST AE take poe GA ot Whe pty — peal Tn sett " ot = att ee Seah ge = Gk et gest iene ce ere ait a Stace Gentil hE Aro gay — estes dab ye SS Ss aT Cet pisey geste Gate Beasts a SS Reed) ARH aig oe el Tepes Cube ae WEN Resell yay = Stall nye A genset jal Cas Sead ge ASG! bey (1) — yeu wer JE OS ae gt LT Tone PUA he bl = kel Vas LS ete yt = gt a tay eee ake ot ay SES Gee ga Teta Soe of gobs Ue i of hye wie Ce SF OA ST TE souk Cee ee eee fest ia Ti aL Ret SM ge = tate hgh Paste uate wa gy = st Chole) Se cs poe ALG = felt gs) see ee Sas GaSe oseDurability = That property chat enables 2 material co rostst di Tupeive forces of nature and chose period of tine. EAL (Equivalent Single-Axle Load) = fect on pavonant ‘Combination of axle loads of ‘equated to. the funder of refereace slaglenale Toads required to produce an equiv= alent number of repetitions of an Sito single ste. Ecology - The branch of sctence eoneeened with the relattoaship of Seganians and their envirommest: Economie Analysis - A justification of the expendiere requized ver he comparative worth cost. projec Hon of a proposed. Laprovonent and fis compared to. other alternate plans. Ecosystem ~ An ecologies! conmn= Atyy, coneidered together’ with. the nonitving factors of the ‘environ fpent as a unit. ighty-Fifth Percentile Speed ~ The lapsed at of below which 85 percent OF the wehteles are being operated. Hiastictty - Tat property of = atertal thet permics It co. return Spproximately eo its ortgiaal ai~ tone pos the veaoval of an foplied Load. Hagete Lint ~ The grostest stross thet. aatertal {5 capable of eu Eaining without any permnent de Formation ronaining upon complete Hlevated Righvay - A highway whose rosdvay ison fill or. structure Shove the” Lave of the “adjacent ground. Elevation — Hetght above sea level or other datum. Elongation ~The increase ta gauge engeh of a tension cest specimen, usually expressed as a porcentay Of the original gauge Length. wet eta = dana gs Co ae yt “Gh eS ai Ts Te eee Ge a oe = (BAY ak gett dae ate te he ann ota Tass Sn SZ Gt Fy aeAtN sastl ele sonal Citar ss Ly ee Se Guay ta gu aa PE Se pet ae oF ay poll oe got = te te SER au ae a glee se = goles) Jobst agit “ea Sh So, ss ot ae yt es Sor Ln a, oo - ar bhs gh gd ght eons ste te le Rept — LN gh fo SP tee ama eae ected aa mig oe ad) Lope San Bote de gal tel = tegyall ST roe dan Ut gy toda aa gail ant gay = agate hago ce ste ate gf kay yal SMe ae et ek Oe ke RS sy Suttle eet dot Ty oP a Oe ar TE Siee OF gta ae ST te TST BR ee oe ete ke gua dae Se a Nr che eae eke Jab gt aL os = saat Galt Tee en Re tat ons te gt ent I ge We a htt BEnbankwent ~ A raised oarth struc~ ture on which the roadvay pavement structure 4a placed. Tiabanknent Foundation ~ The miter {a1 below the original ground sut= face, the phystoal characteristics of whch affect the mupport of the fnbanienent Bnergency Escape Rasp A shore Section of road adjacent co. ateep downgrade for slowing dow. ant Stopping out-of-control. vehicles acrgency Vehicle ~ A vehicle be- Longing 9 the atwed forces, ctyt1 defense, police, or any anbulance rescue unit vehicle, of other de ignated vehicle used for asevering energency calls for assistance: Bapirical ~ developed from exper- ence of observations without. t= gard to sctonce and theory. Mmulatfied Arphalt - A wtxture of phelt cement and water mixed with fn enulettytag agent Roulsified Asphelt Treated Bese - A bbaso consisting of a mixture of sineral aggregate and “emitaifted jahalt spread on a prepared sur= face to support @ surface course. Bacroachaent ~ Unauthorized use of the right-of-way or oasemedts For signs, fences, bulldtage, etee Bnorgy Dissipstor ~ A cipesp basin or concrate seructure placed at the outlet end of a culvert to dissi~ Date the stream energy and reduce eour and erosions Engineer = The duly authorized Feprerentative of the Mintaery at the project atte, acting directly or through “hie” duly "authorised Fepresentatives, who t8 responsible for engineering’ supervision Of the Work: atrance Loss - Te loss of enecgy ate culvert entrance ave t0. the Shape of the astrance: Envlronent ~ The totality of aaa‘e sureoundinge — soctal, physical, hataral, aed manmade. a toe eae ela Me a eh Tsk wali Se fe CE se OE AN BL aM phe es ob oes ok us oe ey = Rtg sae pe oe a" or oe Sas I week heat Saas gal ee FS Neen Sn 3h Sh ately Siac seen conc sametccuross Pree erepareery Rell Sek of totlt — yeaa pe Soa” ok aT tes Stk ge beth hee tat ee ke Set Stator Su Li ae pees yee che le we woke tb fe gene ek hace = gasal SSO UP un BP gels Soc ot 10 255 oe cote ll = Uk ate Se Geet oe aie ot Ble Sea et Stn as Sots Sa ab oe SL aay we GEN ag dee = eet Sof Se gn pet cae Wi Jane Tonle ne, Soe ed aS SH kes = kan ae ast Sue SOG ss als JS pete ee ost ae (aly Cay Calg LEBavironmentsl Design ~ The location posed = penal gh eel ttt ye anf design of = highway chat tn Seep cote ae os Cludes ‘consideration of the tmpact BL ide TA Gh Gf the factlity on the community Foe SS OF regina based on esthetic, eco” setty Mun paca Yogteal, cultural, soctologteat, datas tattaniy Seay ‘Seonomte, Nistorteat, conservation, OC ead, a Gnd other factors: Soe Se Bquivalent Single-Aete Load (EAL) = = (FA yeast Spee Je dota ‘The effect on pavenest performance Of aay combination of axle. loads of Megane gh oe alg! pata pach py Sy arylag magettade, equated. to the ig ae gate gta umer’ Of reference single-aste ear jus Ge Toads required tn proce eaaiys oo Ta gs yall a lone umber of’ rapetitions “of aa Fag getter, game gr ear atfon ctngle axles eonton A slow wearing avay of A the ISS = (yall) Ryat the surface ty natural action of Bp Tae tasks SS awe Zt wna or waver. any roston control ~The prevention or Sage des goa = Aepanth Saace fesuetton of etorlons vet Ratinate ~The expected total cost Stkeet ALE = peat gets of the project oD LS scavation ~ (1) The act of taking het tebes (0) ~ eeteal) git fue mterLala(@). he materials By Cater outs | (3) the cavity rem Sect De ozo Sntntag after gatertala have been angus gion tenoved xisting Wise Lavels ~ The noise, teas = Ad gentile de up of all the natural and ma Inada noises, considered to be us han ee Gen eat Sages stadt gt Sell Sily ‘present within a particular RS ye sues Greats acoustical enviroanent. BT ances Gh “Giiney AS Gah Tnique notae events may be ex Tash ohted ye ees GN Gel cluded. Beit = The point where traffic Spe Lee gate goth th = gps Teaves an expressway to travel. to aes ae eee earl fan intersecting toads ath epansion = The increase tn volume ee HL pee gh Hot — sane Ofra material die eo increase 19 Sho ee oa Expansion Joint — A narrow space eA ete teat = sana ay Tore" between two pacts of acon a ote crete structure to allow for ex Fonnaer oer errors ates pension and contraction of the con Ta Sot Dro So Chore with changes in) temperature Ce Si fant Toading. 2sBxprecavay - A multtlane, divided hiimway designed to nove Large volumes of trafeie at high speeds nder free-flow conditions. Exe Presavays have fall control of Secoss with grade-separated. tater= chanses. Expropriction = Acquisition of property Eor highway purposes Pabrieating Plant - A plant vhere component pares are formed, oe bolted Together to fork bled units, such a5 eaas, trusses, or other parts of metal structures, Factor of Safety (Safety Factor, Gut and FLAI Slopes) ~ Thac factor by which the sheer scrength may be enduced in order to bring the slope into a atate of Limiting equilib: lus along @ given slip surface Yeasts and Holidays — 411 nized feasts, holidays, days Test, and other religious custome Feeogatzed in the Elagion. Feeder Road ~ A tyne of road serv~ ng two disctact fonettona. Te provides a traffic service tween ‘arterlal-collectors, peal roads, 4 tom, village, Industrial or comercial” develop” went, oF a rectentional te 0” provides direct. vehicular Seceas "to privately-owned propor Ges. Land service ia the first consideration, but traffic service fay have more than incidental Stantfteances LIL Sectton ~ Seo Enhanknent. FULL Slope - In Fills, the slope from the top of he subgrade 0 the toe of the fll. Pines ~ (1) Aggregates = Portion Hiner than the te75— un (Now!) sieve, (2) Soils — Portion of soll finer than a .O75 ma (No. 200) sieve, 26 eo petal Geahll = gett Gata fe Tr, Be 3 es Poon gi TS gh ORS Shu eh ee pln ee act 25 SS ea age ee Spee (LN ale a dae eon LCS yo") (any bt es ory Da Sw wh Soe ie Ul Jalan SLA pean gy = tGtety shel pee Si ny caked pe Sa Te SO? Pasi ye eS WEE Set) Oke gah Coa ee pe Solan phe ich Ba CET Sa Gee a adh Sut, ao ST ses Ny panty wall Be Ey? OO Joel UE ie OS pea Tae ey” AG EEE ewe EE ae gO gt Ye eet ot oe Jott eon se Fst Sagat eR = (ook et ps ate ooh pm hee gi Leet ee ho taett = S11) = Ate ated (toes tate ete Jue om yer gal EOE GR ath at Pe py peueve keFixed or Permanent Counters ~ a Gee = estat! att ot ota tied op rms emt = axe 7 ta tae fede ering Pathe ns gen Ee eats Bree te tree ore eat A SS Pees | cee Pate, terrors ON a ee a oie bie Gece aeiat Sake gE Rg feels ithe ta a Sr eee ele eee eee Secor ne ng mer Ait SS Poon = ee ee es Tate tne future uch ee aan Bl aay Peer ees rence, A Rarrreneec, Mine chere Se ot oe Tantah aise aye cov saiene as ga ae et Se Sr ned ee eg eae Pe eee ees Mette, termes cf, tmnt ga gt a ot at ee eres | ean sores ines ects foie Sea ga ote vist rsueney —yagtee oe phe gh ue Pind epmmer aewemge fez a5 glk spe ie fee ede et ec af ert eer mares a a caenerae smectite emi ee sero a nee Fit rite eno jens Go pest bat ge = gua ae ee eg ee ce eee area eo dering lio a Hememcine th SE Sac fen, Meee See ie aS oe a Sore Ee ee eee ee ee See ee ee eres eer eee ee ee ee Atzectly to the soll. Foreslope - The slope from the ozo Be a et tae of the surfaced shoulder €o the Cop Sent Gas, Tae we stat SE the aubgeade, or the Bottom of Ten eee aed the ditch tn cut. Bape EG St edge aoe regen cyFoundation ~ Lovor part of a tothe ott Four-Leg Intersection - A roadeay lege. TE two of the intersection Tege’ are. approximate, prclongations oft the other two Togs, and the langle of intersection of these pro— Longattoge ts 836 or more, but Lees than 117°, © fe classed asa four vey, elght-angled intersection. To" of "the Intersection Ie fapproxinate prolongation af the Atrect tons of approsch ot the other toy andthe angle of intersectt OF there two prolongations. 1a, Lea than 330 of more than 1175, tt 43 flassed a5 a” four-way oblique. ta Freeboard ~ the verttes! dtatance between the level of the water sure face of an open channel at design flow and the tap of the channels Pree Water ~ Vater that can nove Through the ofl by force oF gray Prtable Soil - A soll that can be easily. broken and crushed by. aod= Frontage Road - A road cont guous to a controlled accers Mghway 80 designed aa to Satercept, eatlecty find distetbute traffic desiring to Erolied access Nighvay and to fur~ nish access £9 adjacent property. Froude Number - A nunber derived from the voloctty and depeh of flow and accelaration of gravity, which Atseingwishes between sudoriticsl, critical, and supercritical flow 4 open channels. Punetionsl Clagetftcatton ~The grouping of Individual bupnways 19 a highway system, according 9 thete purpose or function, the type of traffic they serve, and chete Ietatenance ‘requtrenestse There fare three functional classes: | Pri- Secondary, and. Feeder high- 28 say te @ death ast = gut yer et ete JOT ae 28 dob abs ge = tt gota Ca Es Le See ets Gh bana Khe gly sy mst Vy ee aged Seer st gh ays te Pe ES Te os Be Sec ET ea ey he we Ss cmos quant dyes euateey Copa Goiakal coe Su aly mis Tye WW ge oes gh teat at gee sh So TE aa So Taha Soe grt, Bel at Smear gerscapee Sao gee aha ae SS gad) ett = yell st Teoma, OS fee gt yal — Aig yall TaEt MAIS Aygo ings es on get Jods! auottt oa = geste Sesh te Usa pool Qa ga TSR ety etensy AG eae omy Se Soe GN tata aot yh Fn Bo eT ed SiS. Soo ct cathe) pl ge = tad (By Tasos ety ga gang a BSP ST Po Uke Shea sk Dan, Da Ba a MGT a as Sob hese sty Shai pent ee Gs BA a pers ooh US thay Tae et Ca et rh eb adh, COE Soy oy Va eer gas GN Ge Slee HE Sh ctype (oT el GsGalvanizing - Application of coating of ehne. Geometric Design - The arrangement of the visible elements of a road, Such “ac. alignment, grades, sight stances, widths, slopes, ster Geotechnteal Hngineering - The 2p~ plication of scientific methods fnd engineering principles ‘to the Acquisition, —iaterpretation, and predict the behavior of the Eerials of the earth's crusts TE ‘encompasses the Flelde of soft ae~ chantes, rock mechanics, geologi~ eal enginearing, geophystes, and elated fields, such a6. pavonent design. growing from a seca Glare - The sensation produced by luninonce within the viaval fold that 1a ouffictently greater than the Luminance to which the eyes are adapted thereby causing disconfort, or loss of visibility. ore ~ the area between the bLfur= ation of two roadways, bounded by the edges of howe rondways. (rad ~ an angular aeasurenent equal to'l/i00th of a right angie. There ate 400 grads (000) sn a circles Gradation - 4 general. term used to eseribe che “composition of an segregate, soil, of other granular material,” Gradstion ts uoually ex Pressed "ae the proportions (per sents) of the aggregate that will pase each of several sieves of ate Fereat slzes. Grade - (1) The profile of the center of the roadway, or tes sate fof ascent or descent. (2) To shape for reshape an earth oad by ean Of cutting or fillings (2) 70 Range according to size. (4) Bl vation. ect ea MI = ao at pet = get ot tui SD yee Ens ep Be oe ta Sire ea Rasesigeeseeaies ee ede oye cae] Lavi tna — Qt gf anes Sonat cap earee aS oF Noe alae Gi aW hed — ote oy TO Ay gs Ue talgetee wh hyshal fo see oe uae kee tea GE ey) pac Pere att age gt oN ae a a eet Ge 0 Maas pe he ES Sa a Poet eld del bas oe Dlagt OS gt Best gate! bed ()) = taut Hegel gt age dane gh gob HOS agh eS Hoel le} year SL I A ase on) ek en Tecan) »Grade Conpentation - The practice, fon sharp curves, of reducing che percentage of gradient to. conpon- Bate for lose of vehicle momento find increased tractive reetatance. Grade Contour ~ The trace of © pro determined grade Live plotted Ona topographic map or traced on the ground by a0 Abney Lovel Line. For example, Af the contour Interval 13 Sin innd the gradient 5 percent, che fende” contour intersections with fucesssive contours would be 100 m Grade-Controlied Location ~ 4 coc~ ton of Mghvay where the highway Toute 1s controlled by the maxima allowable gradient and the dif ference In elevation between Eee mints Grade Crossing (Ratlroad) ~The Intersection af a Mghway anda allroad at the sane elevation. Grade Intersection — in intersee~ thon where. all. roadways jofe oF fetoas atthe sone Level Grade Line, Grade Profile - See Profite Grade. Grade Separation ~ A structure that provides for highway traffic. eo pass over or under another highway of the tracks of a ratlrond. Gradient ~The rate of rise or fall pect to the horizontal dis Grading ~ (1) Construction of the feartiwork portion of the tighway. (2). Plantag or amooehing the sur face of varfous parts of the road by means of @ aotor-driven adjust= able steel blade. Gravel ~ Acgregate composed of Inari, durable stones ar" pebble crushed or unerushed, often incor~ ‘sixed with sand. Gravity Escape Ramp — A rosd chat rune uphill from the main teaveled way, to slow out-of-control ver ticles. thet gh tet ait Ea Sr ote SS as DT So LT Taney Doo ge ean ey Fae ea Sr Tae Bes, SE le Gk Kat thet Dehee oee om ee et eee oe tN GEO aR et geal Foal oth aedly Cisse pele Saab Gor GN aly ~ se BS aet oul h sce ey Se Al bus ay gates eb Se Sar eS WA Ga Ste Se DRI = gle) bie = gga de an ke Spd cote galt HLA — apie Ud STEN ak sal eh erin wit Boe gh dase ge = tat oJ nat aye Be LEC a gt uaa sont Pigg Shah () — (aeeasit) ages SA oe (asi) gala tall ae TT gett Fac gem) ae gaat CGS eS as ath ge ga cnet set) ce tlhe Lats, Stee = gat SSI Was 29855 posh et ah kat Teh pee bik gull De Shy thgle ee tec eo MA GLI qed gk ve Sie Se rer re et 00)survey of targets, oF other’ fea tures visible in aerial’ photo- ‘frapho, to insure che accuracy of Photogeannetete mppiag Ground Cover — Hardsceous vegeta Hon” and low-growing woody plants Phat form an eareh cover: Ground Water - Free water contained fa the fone below the water table, worked. Growth Factor - A factor uted to predict increased traffic based Spon en average anquel perceat a= Guarantor ~ A bank approved by the Government of Saudi Arabia, that provides the guarantees called for In the contract. documents Guardrail - A protective cable oF Fail device placed along the road= ay edge forthe purpose of edi~ Fecting vehicles thet have left the ondway at a point of hazard Gunite (Shoterete) - A type of portisnd coment mortar blova into Place by compressed alr. The m= ferials are, mixed while betng Forced through @ nozsle. Gutter - A paved and gonorally. Fying surface deatnages GOW - Abbreviation for gross ve~ hniele weight. Hardpan ~ Layer of extrenely dense Weadvall ~ A vertical wall, at the end of a culvert to prevent earth from eptiling 1nto the chanel Seeger eaae aap ante en eae rags eae tae = gh mr Treen Tey aay se ee at wen a aed = Ratt a fe oes tay ee peer oe oe be = tat ay ae Cee ely bet dao er SA Bese) pany datas = gest dates oe ot Te ae Ee OO CST a a = ash gata Teepe tte See a Sate SR SoS Pan La wah gees GE, at dels oe he — GUS ete Bo ee BS GS Sgt tye tay aR, So Te a en Son Sey het ke ow gg = be a Es SON SRE poy tele Mage Cot aoe ke Le ae te ge att heb set Roast aed ae PU coat ena) Glatt = on oe Ba Lo oe A To ete gs els ol = aan ba BAR BO OST Manel Gigs So ooh aeadwater Depth - culverts con~ Eerice the natural stream flow and Snuae a. tae in the water. ourface St the culvert entrance. Headvatee depth tr the covalflov depth fron the inlet invert of the culvert to the water aueface at the inlets Herbaceous Vegetation that ts onvoody. igh Mast Lighting - Tiyninatton ofa Iarge area by means of 8 S¢0uD Of lumincicen desigeed to be Top of a hgh mast (generally 25m or higher) igh Presaure Sodium Lamp - A s0- ‘tun vapor. lamp where the partial pressure of the vapor during opera~ Hon ts of the order of 10 kPa (Onl atmosphere). Meghway Planting ~ The installation of plant materials od irrigation Systens on the highway right-of-way for aesthetic and funcetonal per Mighway, Street, or Road ~ Those re geueral terms donating @ public Say ‘for purposes of vehicular tea vel, incluting the entire are Vichia the right-of-way. Horizon (Sots) ~ One of the layers of the soil profile, distinguished petneipally wy its texture, color, Horizontal Alignment ~ Nortzontat Heonetricn of the roadway. Morizontal Curve = A etreular curve or eranaittonal by woans of which = Iigheay can change direction to the right or left. ot Mix - A general tera used for find shece aaphale aiatures manuf tured and. latd “at tenporature Fanging from 120° co 190" Celsius. Hourly Yolune - The munber of ve= Ihieles passing over a given secu Clon of e lane or roadway during 1 how. 2 oh Gye = gta gana a Be a SP Se Dae wean eR a at got Maat aa hy Ey et tpt ot eet gh ge = tae a ere Soe ES BU OS Te Sees we = get RE go ppt chee See pe el a Se Yor Tal UES we st (aot Ra Say oe ot) Belay = gett aah ee heer SE Rasy Sess sonst Get Gehso ee GOL pus Ales Trae ie aN Se Al oS eo tot at pt ot ety aot Joa 8 APES OSES fe bee Ge els SSC Stik a = (at gtd) ga Wye Kay LD gull ethan JEG at ke Thess go) gee ately peas alt = a gta oy = gb Pe) otagalt Pe RE aT SS ats a ele ke ple gent — hte) ee a Lae oS Geo ee GUT Hs EN a Stet sae = aL gs pe Seb Pte oe Gene Toe ie ga Mats 2 BeMousing ~ That part of @ signal door are attached for support, prom parts of the stznal assenbly. Huntdtty (Relative) - The anount of rmolature inthe ate compared with ums — A brow or black material Formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable. or aninal meters tho yd. ~ Abbreviation for Hydraulics ydrated Line ~ 4 dry powder ob- tained by ‘treating quiek-tine wich fnongh water to sacisty its cheal~ Gal affinity for water under the condicions of tts hydration. Rydrostatte Pressure - The pressure ima. Liquid under static’ condi~ Hons; the product “of the uate welght of tho Tiqutd and the dtf= Ference in. slovation between the iiven potat and the free ater ele Tgneous Rock - Those rocks formed By the cooling and consolidation oF complex stlicious solutions. Can= fnes) newly risen from some deeper Tevet. Mluminance - The density of the Iuntnous flux inetdent on 8. sir= face; tt ta the quotient of the ominous flux divided by the area of the surface when the latter ‘iotforaly tlluntaated. Tlusinance (Lux) Meter = Aa in~ serunent for measuring the {Tlomi— {comprised of sone fore of photom decector, mith or without » fileery detving 4 digital or analog readout through appropriate cireutery. Tlusination ~The act of t1lunt- nating or state of being {1luai- ed. Previously this term was ‘sed for density of luntnous flux fn a suréace (illuminance) spt ale on tall = comely See SO" Rar FAR pester wtb gis gall cel Ree Garay a oa Lr 2, Ma) GU Rea = (Apes) Rak ade aS mG ange ea ie i ga Stns cot ett at gal = Regt ott Sen Sigmeeipen earn ec oS eS Sal edgytet HIS stack = Ryd Be ett ge = thet eet So, So dt uae GC gat ste ose eats oe Ate ae te sty - ot Regs dn ka BLE OG goes BL GIG kde Seen EES BOS. BO a “genio AC me on Se eek gen yt — Boal Gaol oe by Oe SEW LI SS SS ga BAGH Gioekd he gt = HPL gee Cee he oe aadiey game he Oke Ce ase aN pa gel pd SE SPOS ot ya an he SE nga tae eb ge 3 se STS SG, Seg TE Ss PL ce 2Inpact Attenuator ~ A device placed in’ front of = fixed object in or fear the roadway for the purpose of Impervious - Resistant to the pen etration of a Liquid or gas. Independent Aliguaents ~ Each roa way of 3 divided highway isd Signed and. located to cake full fdvantage of the terrain. The me~ Indéeation - Te {Ilunination of a traffic sigaal lens. Indigenous - Produced, growing, oF InfEltration - The ability of the soll of a deataage area to absorb ‘iater, expressed in continsters, per Tours Inlet Control - & culvert operates nder Salee control. when the flow capacity 4s concrolled by headvater fnlet edge configuration. Interchange ~ A systom of intercon necting rosdvays In conjunction “Hith one or nore grade separations, Providing for the wovenent of traf Fle between two or more roadways. on Atfterent levelas Interchange Lighting ~ two baste types occur, complete and partial. considered the Lighting of | the through-tratfie Lanes. through the Interchange, the traffic Lanes of all raaps,” the scceleration and deceleration lanes, all renp_ tee inals, and. the crossroad. betoeen The outermost ranp vominate. Partial Interchange Lighting con sists of a fev luntnatres located fn the viciatty of sove oF sll ramp terainala, The usual practice fo light those. general Mt entrance with” the chrough-traffie Lanes through the faterchange aad gener ally those areas where the “ramps fntersect the crossroad. “ ele aay She = Leet tks Ge eT La Oe Dae MUL one aot pa Beth gaat gall ge = AHL et eer Sat Se ke ee ee pay = Ab SI Sour Gul" oe Gar us ee, Bie ty tents geal agit FEST, aa So ee cesar niger near COS eae Eo sete gh ee at othe m= gk a eT eran tes Mya Mihi gh Ra al = cat See ese getg sehen tae le Te ys et So a CH ae a Sa ee LS a Norah fea BOGEN Gi oe ae ht STs Cat ee oe ahha Seth oe aavell ot ge eet weer” GR ai 7 at she olay glee die = hun anus) ney ES nh ent get Ce cee tne So i See SAS Ses dP SE SUOR, Gob, a ES) naa Sia oN act fp tea Sta ase yo ase at Tea na eS aso wo see SIE Gee So Spa oon A Fi ete wight Cas gad al Soo et See See soe be i SS So ta aon Git eo poten tesvote: These definst the AASHTO. "An Inforaas Honat Guide for Roadway Lighting” and some terme used aay need to bo. changed to conform with the cer sivology used tn the ADM. Internal Friction ~ The rests to ellding wichia che sotl mass. Interrupted Foy - A condition here vehicle Craveliag in's sec Eon of a lane ta required to stop bya cause, oateide, the traffic Stream, tuch at signals oF stop Intersection - The area common to ‘emo. or nore highways chat come together at an angle, Intersection Angle ~ The angle be~ teen two intersection Lega. Intersection Leg ~ That part of any one of the roedvays radiating fron fin intersection that is outelde the fitea of tha. intersection proper: Cipproach = Te portion of a leg that ts used by traffic approach ing. the intersection.) (Exit ~The portion of a leg that te uted by Exatfic Leaving an Intersection.) Interval ~ Any one of the several divisions of the tine cycle suring Which the signal indication do not changes Invert - The lovest point of the internal ctoss section of # closed conduit oF channel. Javitation for Tendere - Te sdver~ Efrenent for tenders for the. Work. Such advertiseaent will indicate, with reasonable accuracy, the quan City land Tocation of the Work, the chefacter and quantity of astertals to be furnished, andthe tine and Place of the opening of tenders. Ialand - A defined aren between wea for control of vehicle nove sats of for pedestrian refuge, tek * Byte ek = itt ase! Stout Sst agar eas yest UL! N gsaast BI at oe yu el ts Saree Se Sou de yo Tee Se oe A Lr Rae Ge tt ah bts Tata Lalas gst I Gt Ligeall Aytodt = gL yt coils oelh Gote So wh gh Soe) AD ga = ph gs ce ee Eo Eh Sih Te GH ae rst aL ss Sot Sam Clusty res ar Ta GS Set oe (aa gus eG OST Seotit of ett eb a — "Ea Sous ae Pat vale” Raat oe pd gl ge yaa Ma WU oe tees Aa Ban ge goat ge = Ser ae gh gt at wae GH ga the gs psa yeast Soe fe eS Gt as a Mts, ety dea Sony cots Sey” a ST gee Seal! gl = yet eS a Sa ASSN SZ, oe 3sIaolux Line = A line plotted on aay appropriate coordinates to show 11 the points oa auetace where the Alluninance “te the samee Fora complete exploration, the Line 12 4 cloned curve, A series of auch ines for various {luminance es Les ta called an isolur dlagrane Keel = A largo crayon used for serking stakes or surfaces lamp taen _Deprectation Factor (iD) ="The milttolier to be ssed {in the L1tuntastion calculations to relate the taltial rated output oF Tight sourcen to. the anticipated tattimia rated output based on the Felamping progtaa to be used. Landscaping ~ Enhsactag the natural Features of the land. through. the Aeaiga and uae of vegetation and other materials. Lane = A portion of the teaveled vay. providing for 2 angle Line of ernefie in one directions Leading ~ As applied to @ signal {ndtestion and” the secoapenying teaftte movement, means that ehey ‘occur before the’ principal traffic fovenont on that "approach. Most Frequently, tt 15 applied to # Lefe turn Indication that precedes the Atspiay of the green Lalcatton for traffic from the opposite approach. edge Rock ~ A layer of stone in a Left Lane On 4 tvo-lane, twomnay road, the traffic lane that is to the lage of the centerline and nor fually used by traffic in the oppo~ Site divectton; or on a mltilane Of those avatlante for traffic tra Yoling in one direction. 6 ed! ge UN gts et a Se Can ganas gg By ote gee Je nn ee Tea dykt ls oe wee Ee oe 9 get pl ony gaat pts Pekin Sh ea Se Sete eel ae oe es oe 1 ows 2A Le I Yt ee ES Neneh BL ASL, Ge Set oe ASD Neneh gla ones RES Paedl ge bob gs ut — yuu ett TS Oe oe Tet S AST gs Sa gs aly Le = ita gh gett ya es te ae Ta gs SUE dh Sab Gee Gye Geet ae pr See ar Guat ak ilggceonie Oiaip cay eee Sa a ae ge et Maen Sow Salas she ge ke ares ge Raegall Sgt = eet a TO ye gayle Ge Sa estes Bry LST SP SL SY OR ce sceae fee sue maea SS I ean Spe CS a nee ern asent]Left-turn Lane - A eraffte Lene within the novel surfaced widen of frondway "oe aa auxiliary Lane lajacent to or within a medion, Teterved for lofe-turaing vehicles se an intersection. eq ~ the equivalent steady state Fouad tavel that int stated period Gf time would contain the” sane Acoustic eneryy as the time-varying Sound, Level during the sane eine period. Level Crossing - Te crossing of a Tondway and the tracks of a eatl= ond at the wane grade. Leveling Course - The layer of instarial placed on an existing. sur~ prior to placing an overlaytag Level of Service - A qualitative ensure of the effect of 3 number bf factors, auch as operating speed, travel time, traffic tnter= Tupeions, freedom. to. manuever and pass, diving safety, contort, con~ Venznce and operating cases on the Service @ igheay renders to. its Light Distetbutton Pattern ~ As Sllustrated descetption of the be- havior of the Light from a Tumt= Light Truck (Pickup) ~ A motor ve= Niele designed for” the eranspor— tation of goods and mterials shose finladea” vetght “does aot exceed 3,500 kee Lame - A general tera that includes the, various cheneal and physical Forme of qutckline, hydrated Line, and hydraulic Lime weed for any purpose. Liquid Asphalt ~ cutbecks or emsl~ thology - 4 geological term deal~ {ng nith che physical properties of rocks and thelr seeuceares but = hatte Ra RT gaan MS Poet a Stan We eH Gy tly Lathe Sees Lan hn gh spall gee = Nea ns gt ot Cae Ae i Sa ra eget gee er tee SS esa BE et ge gle ht Gio engines cage et ou eh ge Bea OU ee a oe Fae Es OE Se aca Speed geet tll = tal ayes That Une dt gat os oa Was ee JS PRUE a a tee SSG goa SRNL aa ie GS ea ee Joan seen! Gehl alee) gps es = yall guage de Recta ees Resell a = (tke) Aes kee Bipaly BULAN ey pale ga Tote Se UG meas See Fly Hoos ote sthe pe pens gh = gent Se hls tan ES ay ne | een nase oe ae ot secbbh algal = dst tees ao SN) tle! — (agaist) satel as ple Bor aa, le Teste aoe aToad Factor ~ A ratio of the total 2 gee kee = Ripe ati onber of green signal intervaie ee an or Chae ace fully uttlized by teagfic SONS On Stee oan ee fo the total mer of green inter= Sete seu. sis vals for that approach during the Site Thal? Th TL a pest Nour." Ice eaximin atceltable SbIy om tele gent! oer yl Value to one. loan — A atxtuce of sand, atlt o St gibt api ge be = guukat clay, ors coubisation ef “my of Bee Ss Ft stata hens with orgonte matters “Tt ie way Ma he a Ga, Sometines called. eopeoil “ta “con Spe te trast tothe eubeotle that contain sree aay Cena pecaee Little or 80 organte matter. Gols gyn Gay ce Cat SSN Es local Street or Local toad = A phe Sell gh phat gut street or toad Prinarily for accese Cer pa ab Boon to residence, business, or “other Sr PE SS Gos sbucting property. A design la ga ee Htteation for’ these’ types of pot TOE ES SG Toads. "aan lacked cate Access - on sccees coo ge ee = le Le ge sa Eeolied nighesye, an opening 3a the Beare SS fscees control. Line to. enable a ce at aoe ores iy Ho Estlrond or utility to service ite Soy a ee LS Excility “fron. the highways The Reena public te denied’ the ‘se Of these Spentngs. loess = A waiforn windblown deposi ee ee of stity:eaterial’ having” an open ee aS cng Lae Secuctore and relatively hgh cohe= COL 2, GES Hon due’ to conentation of clay or Tate gt ot eng Sein! toh peo Saleareous material. at. geatn con stots ate CTs log, detiting = A record of under WN soe UG Jape = phelt dee Hroiadcondicione "discovered by Bust oye de Bee ode Gee Grilling test holes. A deilisag Siotey TE SE ek Fan Jey og. docunente the thicknere ant aah ent et Lt composition of underground g00Loe!= Longitudinal - tanning of placed seh IS ease on alt engthetses Longitudinal Joint — A joint eat see a Lgl = tags cortends lengthwise of the rosdeay. Sat oe at dy luminaire A complete Lighting Mes ts tay = aN se unit consiaeing of Lsap ot laapey BOs ee Si ce on Soe togethor wlth the parte fest sned £0 Sat Sp Sor Sistribuce the Light, to. position ae Ree Coriell sien and. protect the lamps, snd’to con Cu ae ect ‘the Lamps to the power supply. 3minatre Dirt Depreciation Factor = plastt oe gt NaN eke ate (iD) = The mitiplier to be used we SS gr tn {Iloninance ealeulattons to ac~ tat Das it Count for the reduction in 11ghe eh a gle ge atl detpat of the Luminaire overs a Tet gSlgs er tae Geta ad fiven tiae span die to accumulation Pea mentee oe bf dirt on optical luminatre con ponent. aminakre Eefictency ~ the ratio of chang) Kes FN pane HLS Vunens emitted by 4 luainatre, to Cen gas ge tea hata thar venttted by che Lanp(s) used Se ee SS theretin Sara dh Luntnetra Matarenanes Pastor (WF) = oa = ae The Luninaire maintenance factor 13 Jee ST a aS SST the product of the Laminate Direct Ce coca seca Depeectation Factor (LDD) and the SR. SR Tunas sae Ge anp Lumen Depreciation "Factor ete Con" So GL Gib) Ge one tip). Te da the Ce os eu ps ole LS. total deprectation factor that can lesa Gl tA Stee dog Coase be applied to the calculated tni~ Figs gered sets da) fiat ILtuminanee values, to deter da 0 So an Ch ue easy mine the lowest {luminance values nate chad hat can be expected when the LLght Source ia at) its lowest output Guo before relanping), and the Tuntnatre 1s An fee dtettest condi Hon Just before clesniag). luminance (1) ~ luninaace 1s the Pega UU ge = (gt) LH Hintnoesisteney” of any. ietace So Se Se inva given direction per walt ol SES oy TS as SS projected ated. of he surface Set Lear ah Siewed. fom that direction, ex "fy tea) yan) gi cuanat pressed in) candelas per square peter (cd/at). amiaance (Lv of 1) ~ bimtnows Flux gets phe ge yal Gia = HUH fron a surface element divided by el akan pe eke ae pte the product of the projected area A SO ‘of the elomeat perpendicular to the Sega ere ges beam and the solid angle containing Zl. Saag gs ee the bras ie lusens por” square ie SOS oe ace Se eter per steradian or candelas per oe Se pct SOE Square meters Matntenance - The preserving and AUR plgch JS key tee = tee Keeping of each tye of roadway, Sis etna gal oles Koadalde “attucture, and factltey Chea Cae Ste AE (as nearly ee possible) in tes ort pias jal ties inal or fecoastructed condition. Wajor Street - The roadway approach Shan ub ot gob — ee Ole fot approaches to an intersection Yee sat ES eNO Sar that’ noemally carry” the greatest eee wolune of vehicular teafficrMaterials ~ Any substance specified LAR oa toe gl = ot pt For use 10 the construction of the SSCS bee et project and its appurtenances vateing — Macorial ed ae a sic oie tat ta ba Face. protector in conjunction with Take Gey pole gee Coes ch feeding that protects the sutface Sew ror Bor oS SS inti vegetation become ostab= un Mshed. Mexiaua Anguel Hourly Yolune ~ The et = Ae cath gett peat highest hourly volume that occurs ee sob ee on a roadway in a designated years we Mechanteal Analysis (Sots) ~ Find~ Set ele efter dette Eng the gradacion ofa avi py the aE ES use of specttted staves and a hy= eae ee dtomters| Median ~ Te portion of # divided wets ob ae oe eg ae Inigheay separating the craveled BO 2a eet Ways for eratfte in opposite diree= Seite oetlest tones Median farrier A longitudinal i A A keg poet oe system used to prevent an eerant ee ae at Yehiele Troe crossing the nedtan of wee ohh Sahel tpg ea divided haheay. reas Median Lane - A speed-change lane oe A pont De within the median” co accomodate Ce EL Teft-turning vehicler. ipcenseaetsizau Median Opening ~ A sap In 2 median RS = Ret ent uot provided. for crossing and turning Sisal see gee Eratstes cH Wedian Speed ~ The speed repre~ Pee ge = gaat et sented by alddle value when 1 fee pantie antes Cae Speed values are arrayed fee anaes ending order. “Halt the speed val~ Be pt Ss Ss a toon will Lie above the mediany bal? WS, a below. Median Width Teanaition — A anooth dea = Ae teed te sete adjurtnent fron one wadian width to Be TT EG adifteront median widths mise Mercury lamp ~ An electric dts~ whos Gye cle = gota cle charge lanp fa which the major por- ear or an Sor Ga ton of the radiation in produced sas ele en by the excitation uf meses whines Se Merging - the converging of separ Make sae ches PUI gland ate stteane of traffic into a tin ety ange Ste yh fle steamMetal Halide Lanp - An electric Atscharge lamp ta which the Light {is produced Wy the radiation f2om a Mature of metallic vapor (Less Rereuty) “andthe products of “the Aisassoctation of halides (ier, Rallies of seandia or sodium). Microfiche ~ A photographic proce: by whieh s qunber of microftLa the es (up to 98) ave transferred toa Single aheet of film, unualty 105 a 51) om Sn atzes by uhich' plans, specifications, and fother printed materials are gecaely reduced in size for persanent stor~ Seey wiually at a ratio of 24 to 1. Mineral Filler ~ A fine fnert ata~ ral matter auch as Limestone dust oF portland coment, used in bitun!~ ‘ous concrete mixtures Minima Turning Path ~ The path of 1B dortgaated ‘potat on vehicle aking 4m sharpest cura Minimum Turning Hadius ~ The radius of the path of the outer Croat Sheet of @ vehicle mleing 12 shar~ pest turns Minkstey - The MOC of the Kingdom bf Saud Arabia, Riyadh. Minor Street (Gross street) ~ The Tonday apptoach or approaches. to fan intersection thet orally carry Tess vehicular traffic than the snajor street Wo - Abbreviation for Miatacry of Conmunteations- Modulus of Elasticity ~ tho ratio Df stress to atraia for a mterial Gnder sven loading conditions. Modulus of Rupture - A measure of the atreagth of concrate when 1¢ 15 broken by bending Wotature Content - The percentage, by wolghe, of water contained in il or other “aatertal, uouslly fased on the dry soighes ee ye ee Tas Sug Tats at) “tae 3 ee SSF) So (et Pe ee BaD SS gist Tot scat we ee = es tag Ge we SL ge Ye Oe AS = olga) watt a qe Do RS lap telae aaly Alea Hadllyat lay — Haag prey eres bert oh gob = (abies tt) gets es Ee Ronn ar Te ee ee Perey Saar GaSe STS rl ey oe eae wh bel hee — gpa ete Se en SG Sar Tae dome Re ok = eae hte ree ps Oa ea gh gg War i ees guns Pe SS at OOF Sut ot 4“Wonunent or Reference Point - A permanent “or seaipermanent refer Snce point set during the survey OF fconsePuction of a highvay #0. that the survey can be teestabtished Mortar = A mixture of coment, sand Mine, and waters Yotor Vehicle = Every vehicle that 13 propelied by a motor oF engine wiehin teaelt. Mountable Garb - One that can be Feadily teaversed by a moving” ver ile. Mack ~ An organte sotl of very soft Mulch - Matertal placed on exposed earth to provide more desirable soisture and tenpersture relation Ships for plant growth. Te to also Used to controt the socurrence of Unwanted vegeeation. MalttLane Road - A road having two or more lanes for cratic tn. exch Mizection, or four ot more Taner for traffic In two directions. Te nay be one-way or tansy, divided oF undivided. Wotse - Noise is unwanted sound. ‘The sounds made by Mghvay tealf tes jectally horn’ bhowiag, thee Saueal, aod inadequate miffling of engines, ace generally described a3 ot Wotse Bereter ~ A barrier of earth, stone, “concrete, of wood. placed ‘adjacent to the Aighvay to reduce the noise level om abuteiag prom perty. Notee control - Reduetng to. an ac~ Tecetved at critical Locations. Wotse Level ~ The sound level obtained through the use of AH Welghting accoeding ‘to ANSI Stan= ard 1-4-1971, The unit of measure 4s the dectbet (4B), comonty re forced to aa aUh when Awelghting is ued. 2 ao SS gts SOLE USae Ge cet dub tLe of cae Dey cet ge beth = (ye) tae EO SaN TH INS daar get ti gl = he Ste dl = ede Span SoA et Tigee tages tee Dake fod S18 Kyte he = teh te Ve oo Regal gle gigs Bae = age sohieg Soh SE ty yes Ue pe SEL gel Bagh) plane LSE 6 gob ett sae eh SI Ss Sah as at ot Op ast al St A SLE aot FR cet a Ge Ss vestgast ot Soe! 8 = penal BH A etsy gape aha hg tet Fae pay tui ay SE PS aes wae + gently Tate ah GALAN» orle = pendll ple Be EP ae ST a wee Se Ge Cea eget NaS ybedho = pn gh pas Seo Ce ahs TE wpe sen eee ont set SO a By avi yia) Gay ote Geet Se et (am) Le pane Geass daw Soe, GU [eaeMoise Standards ~ Te higheay erat Fie olae thatenent procedures, co- ofdination requirements, and. dosign fotae levels in the Mighvay Design Nutrient ~ Matertal chat gourtshes and pronotes plas grovth. op (Outlying Business District) ~ ‘Thar portion of a municipality oF dn area within the Influence of @ municipality, sormally separated [eogeaphically “by” some “distance fromthe central business distetct find ste fringe area, Lo vhich the principal land use to for business setivity. One-vay ighway or Roadway = 4 Iighway of roadway having one or store lanes on whieh all. vehicular traffic mist goin the sane direc~ ‘Open Channel - A natural oF manaade path invwhich water flows with @ Free surfaces ‘Open Channel Flow ~ Opes channel flow may be woifora or nonuniform, steady ov unsteady, and subcritical Or eriticaly OF these, nonuniform, ‘unsteady, and subericieal flow 1s the woot common. type af flow in open channsia, Wowaver, to facili fate hydraullecoaputations, Steady, satfora ov grodvally varied ‘flow 13 generally assumed. Open-Craded Aggregate - A graded aggregate, contaiaing Little ‘or 0 Eines, with a Mgh percestage of aggregate voids open Space - An undeveloped area of generally consistent quality, char~ Scterized by a ainimn of distract ing or confltecing Safluences. Operating Speed - The Nighest over~ 11 speed thee s driver can travel fon a given hightay, under favorable Circumstances, without | exceeding the safe speed ao determined by the design geometries eo eis ern NR otathany Sat Te Se eS Te tit pea eb gue wu = tak tet ooasy eLaath pst = (0B) GL WLS G Abr oasis Gal 2 LS PO Re Se Sn ee pete je, Seta” Wout AEE OS el Spe HL cee got al aot aN Be Se I ot patie ieee saat nerc ict aE Soc ete SN gach gue = gta 2 Te he NS gay coe oo = Uy HS gaa Dee Nghe hate ge oP Se by SST EN Se ae Cn en erent SF gh ray A a ptt SS Pe ee esti San ee So eT Fe ge BO ES NY ate ESI OE ge ages Ele US pe epi hee Ly = het gle gly Sek ge Fh thes Le LSE Sager ae te Sir 1a tyghe pk eae pte Ha qe ae, eee ae oie ae Bake Beye etl = Dette tay Sree Sat oe Bt gh gt erected Oe Pere ae orey SPE a Stee teas sOperational Delay - The delay re- sulting from the influences oF other traffic, such as time Lost, a ‘stop sign, walting for a gap, con Eesttony Parking manera, ening Optimm - the best quantity, ua ber, be condition. orders of Accuracy - Standards of fccuracy for various typen of ur veying. Generally, high standards fre set for the national coordinate System sad lesser standards for Ordinate - The distance measured in the "y" or vertical divsction on a Origin ~ The location of where a rip begins. Outer connection ~ A raup used by traffic destined for a right-turn ovement from one of the through Foadways separated by a structure to the wecond through roadway. outer Separator - A separator be tween a Frontage road andthe r0ad~ vay of controlled-access highway oF sijor streets Outlet Velocity - Ie the apsed of Flow measured at the downstream end of a culvert and 15 usually higher than the maxima satural” stream valocttys Outlying Business District (OBD) ~ That’ portion of a municloelicy oF an area within the influence of 3 munictpality, normally separated Beogeaphically by sone distance From the contral business district and fea éringe area, in which the Principal Lend use Lo for buslnens activity. OveewlL Travel speed = mie speed over a specified section of highway that fs the distance divided by the running tine. The average of all traffic, or a component thereof, Sion of soil, or to improve its Supporting capacity. Spacing ~ (1) Te distance betveen consecutive vehteles, measured front co front. | (2) "For roadway Lighting che distance between sue~ cessive. Lighting wales, measured slong the centerline of the streets Spacing to Mounting Welghe Ratio ~ The ratio of the -dtatance between Spalling - Chipping along the siges, as at jotaex ia concrete Devencnt’ and aceuctures Special Spectfications ~ Addsetons sed revisions to the Geaeral and Supplemental Specifications cov~ ering conditions peculiar to ea Individual project. Specifications ~ The forest direc~ tlons, provisions, and requirenones that outline the work to be. done the way it 1s to bo done, the char: be used, or the remulte to be ob- Specified Completion Date - the date on uateh the Work 1 specified 0 be completed. Speed - The rate of aoveneat of a vehicle, generally expressed” in Kttonetea per hour Speed Change Lane ~ An auciltary Lane including tapered areas. pri- nerily for the acceleration or do- Celecation of vehicles entering oF leaving the ehrough-eraftte Lanes. Spiliway - A surface apron oF ‘trough for conducting water doa a Split - the division of the cycle pereent)« SS St eet ose oe OE CS TS Be IS ee LSI (1) — det gt De Cake oe gt aly Moy SI (Gy aoa een TAG oar US ger LON ye Tal pul oon wae SS tae)) gM kes sa ke Set SL ey SN eA alte tpl ges = ate ed ker rcre reer] Seay tLe ak otal Da Ue, Muar ccnp SH gg) eee ab Stehaally Slab = tel fle ame eh meh bagcity Go Sue sen St eal ae ee eee ell Ba BN (cad Sas, Ee et oeate yal sepa) = deaf) sue peta USL ene se Spe 1S Jan = aye RST SG Gale Lee RSL Byte = eae ede Bose Cr pe a at gsi cur ue dake of tea aged oto os yt nd hem ot sath oe Lee ya Wh pst = yeah we es cet 6Spur Dike - An earth enbaskaent Wee ey pe gly ae = tyes eke Projecting fato the flood plain to Th Men es eased gucci ffulde water flow {nto a” bridge ae as ay ue oh gt pening or culvert. Dikes maybe Ge LRG tmoced by riprap to protect. then oy From scour Stabilization - Yodtfication of pet gh Rye as = eect solls or aggregates by. Incorpo Gea oe ae Cae ete Di Sia yea LEST Toad-bearing” capacity, firmess, Ahn tau Sd. resistance to weathering of Mlaplacenene. Clon of a highvay by stages or In= highway 42 deatgned to be adequate for future traffic, but initially Features may be omitted. Standard - Sonething having re~ valuee and established aa" s model Standard Drawings ~ Drawings tasued ag Mayas taps — et claps by the Ministry of Communicator RE ES LS Cn ed approved for repetitive an PE 7 SOLS, These sre contained in Yolune 4 of Sa Fae a eat the lighay Design Manual. retest Station ~ (1) A seasure of distance See toe ae (4) = ae used for highways and “ratlroads. 2 or aed ar Tn Saudi Arabia a station 1e equal Steere meneerat oe Nee call to T km (2) A precise location Se Sage (TP ty pas along 2 survey line. ort Stockpase - A culvert of a size PS aS ye = elit gett gee Large” enough for the passage. of teapaclly MON CA yr domestic and wild animale. Stone ~ Rock aaterial produced from Boel yes ene Tale = yan a quarry, tees, mongravel mater= Susedl ge oud Uh Stop Line - A vhite line, placed epee ne el ey transversely on the pavonent, at an oS intersection, to indioste where the Bo Soon oe Sr oe weniota mise top when obeying Yur ML EraEfie signal or atop stga. Seat Stopping Sight Distance - The dis- BL Ssytl yyte tence required by a driver of Set A lett BU ge Rpt! vehicle, traveling ata given Wee ae ot a speed, to bring he vehicle tos Sun a ey Stop after an object on the roadvay SE a SOLS, Becomes visible. Tt includes the Seca pn (seo ot distance traveled during the per= Se Sa ception and reaction tinea, a2 well Ain Tua fi the vehicle braking distance. @Storm Drain - A system of catch SEIN oe AGE = hee yee Desine and underground condutes a a en BS collecting, concentrating, sad con ipo Mh ell shoal Mls 3859 veylng watee tos disposal potat, stratigraphy - The study of rock es) ee ene ean strata, generally by analysing roo! She wane aa ‘outerope or drill cores. Tiga gill Stee Gaal Stream Modification ~ lidening, WE is eee = nell dees changing ‘the slope of bank condi” pb ee de SST ae Eons, or relocating an existing wat ghee git Serect or Highway — A public voy potas ete ots = uk of got that ts open to the movement of ve~ Sen lo. Se fcular ‘traffic, pedestrlans, and Gee Gl BN Ge ttl ate transportation ty other aeata oF Sao er Cert coal ed gt conveyances, The entire wldth be= hin Se. Nae a tween the eightwof-way Lines of any EUS way open co public traffic. Street Lighting laminate = A com ALLS HU ease = QQ ULE plete Lighting device consisting of coe ae 2 Tighe ‘souree and ballast, whore Sar gl ty PL es ppropetate together with ita ai- Sey er 8 Sun, wea ect appurtenances such as globe, ne? reflector, refractor, housing, and BS Ten Fa, Sn uch support. as. ts integral with Don Soe ot the housings Tae pole, post, oe Dracket {snot considered part of Strength Coefficient - A factor pers pats te = ak Jota ised “for expressing the relative an CaN Lr ge Strength, or substitution value, of A wo Oh apn Zou ayers, ‘ne to he other, for con Nasapal) Seg teas gt ego version porposes faa” pavencat Stress - the force per unit area sto dae tay JS ad = att acting within a mass. peer) Stress-strein Diagram = A diagram ee tes Where corresponding values of the Soe AP Bac? Ss Stress and ateain are plotted. Ste Structural Section - The planned stg types! CN = getess gt ayers of specified materiale, nor SOURS ne at te nally consisting of subbase, ‘base, AD cits ed May ah Subgeade. Subbase - The layer or layers of hate ch gh kh = apse sant specified or selected material of Got cape pene ee ot ae designed ehiekness placed on a sub- pace, Te gokl Meme uk grade to support a base course. a tk 6Subgrade - (1) The top 30 om Layer of venbanknents or excavated areas ‘oa which the payemeat structure Tnetuding shoulders 1s constructed. (2) The top oF a roadbed upon shiek the pavement structure ond shoul~ ders are constructed. Substructure - ALL of that part of the structure below the bearings of Sinple and continuous spans, ake Dacks of arches and tops of foot inge of rigid frames, together with the backvalls, ‘wingwalle, and ving Superelevation - The elevating of the outside edge of « curve to par~ Hatly offset the contrifusel force generated when a vehicle rounds: the Superelevation Ranoft - The tran= sition distance between normal Grown and fully superelevated road Soperstructure ~The entire atruc~ ture exeape for the substructure. Supplenentel Spectttcations ~ Addi~ tions and revisions £0 the General Specifications that are adopted subsequent to issuances of the princed book. Surface Course ~ One of more layers of a pavenent structure designed to Secconodate the traffic load, the Eop Tayer of which restate akid= ding, teatftc “abrasion, and” the Gisideegeating effects of climates ‘The top layer ta somet ines called wearing course. Surface Treatment ~ An application Of Bltuntnous material and cover saereeate. Sustained Grade = A continous highway grade of spprectable. Length {nd ‘consistent, or nearly consis” ent, gradient. ooo Tack Coat ~ An application of bitu~ suinous material to an existing sit= Face to provide boad with a supee~ imposed course 6 SH (4) = Sek carn a Naneet he ett oe kept Fro oat ghee I tea oe I rr a Bo. Sua GP aa Sen EG) SS) os nus at gee = ges et Rocce seen oe ea ic Sys Se. DR en as Cha ye ae a Bie ota ty a Aes LUI ety — put eit WO ge ta YE! Ce Sah Eo) Dadi veut pe begs Shae ee reer Sots a Qe oy Oe ey og Petey SUES! Apes Chal pe BTA ay oa repel GUSH yan on shake gf Lb — Waka Cy oa Teta age aye ye Se Se SS et IG, aa CO se 2, Sa aren ese ree pen ean eS Beg) sate Sept = abate tee hs ae he ee ac ae es =, ae ts ae‘atlwater Depth - This ts the flow ensured” fron the invert at the ulvere outlet to the waiter sir= Face. Tandon-Acle Load - The total lon Craneniteed to the highway by too or more coneacutive axles, the con fers of which may be included bet ‘won parallel transverse vertfeat Planer spaced sore than 1.0 = and mt pore than ZeHh m mpart, e~ Cendtag acroee the Gall width “of the vehicle. Tender - The bid or offer made by a Bidder, on the prescribed fora, to perfora the vork and to furnish’ the Tabor and materials at the prices quoted. Tender Documenta - Tre approved Fora on which the Ministey requires tenders “to. be prepared and’ sub= snitted for the Work. Tender Guscantee - The accurity Turntshed with « tender Co guaran fee that che bidder will enter into contract Lf his tender ts accepted, fnd includes the specified foras ot ‘hich the contractor shall furnteh ability to perform and Finance the Terminal - The destination, beeia~ ring, oF endiag potat of a highway. Terrain ~ The physteat features of fa tract of land, geographic area, be ‘territory. Texture ~ Sucface appearance of a material euch a6 snooth, rough, 20th Highest Anaual Hourly Volume ~ ‘The hourly, volume that 13. exceeded by 29 hourly volumes dering a dom Agnated year. we SH gat = agate ML gee CA ae in a wees Gee gaey tytn Lye) = Adaya stent yee Seth ON tly Syst Ss aT ote Name wet SOL So a ae aly Aghpa peat ket OF oe SL as che gr See Gey Sey Tyee i as sesh 0) gout gt Aha = ethast Oy SP at ae gut Sigel Ja Gy dea Se gs seen les iad aay SE Sees Pubatt pad ysl — HU pate Sipe gall eal = Mtb gle at ake Sr eo oe Beles ot eae oP elect ahs = aye 7 at UR ae pa = ete Ser age aT Lot ted gy essa ar = bee op EN Lo pee oe eS ga a es ee oF En 6s‘Three-Leg, Intersection ~ 4 roadway. Tntersection vith thres intersec~ ton. legs. If one of those inter— section. iege {sn approxinate prolongation of the direction of oprosch. of another and, if the third leg Intersects this prolonsa~ Eom at an angle between 830 and n76, three-way tatersection 1s aT intereoctions TE fone leg 42 an approxinate prolonge~ thon of the approach of “another, and. the ehird leg intersects this Prolongation stan angle. lees than east AE Teele, ‘Tine of Concentration = The tine Fequired for ators runoff to flov Fron the most renote point of a Arainage aren to” the potnt onder consideration. It is uoually aeso- Slated with the design ator: T-Intersection ~ A three-leg fater~ Section in the general form of Ts ‘oe of Slope - The intersection of 2 roadway veubanlinent aide slope ‘ich the original ground surface. ‘Topography = The configuration of the earth's aurface, including the Shape and position of ite natural fand manmade features. Topsoil - surface sotl, usvally Containing organte matter: ‘Torte ~ Potsonous. ‘reactive Reatatance - forces that act. to alow dow or stop runaway vehicles such ar afr resiatence, a0 Upgrade, and the rolling resistance between the tires and the road sur= faces Traffic - ALL types of vehicles, fogether with cheir loads, etther Pedestrians, using @ roadway for the purpone of traneportatione ‘Traffic Actuated Signal - A eype of Exaffie control signal tn which the length of ‘most intervals and. the cycle, and ia gone types the. se fwence OF phasing, are varied by the denande of traffic. 6 Math, yo = yee tatae tts eet eee a SSA Soe Senna soe otal ecieeal cum cuanto seas! BO ge tat et Fo ae Sey tase ee Pe a 0 SET ST Sp Gh Soo, Fae se ke gay el oy oat sw he Sls tte Goer yereern eleru ce aera ase ce ae eee ot SR ao an“ St ett ULE ye ae i aie Ne oe oe ype! UL Gb Jes eI SER Gt get ely oe Rep elgiily Bit pee de eB ELS aaa aS vase se SE‘eaffic Analysis Pertod ~ A comon analysts pertod (usually 20 years) Used tn geometric design. ‘eatfie mareiere - Roadside bar~ tio fons," and betdge parapets intended to guide or protect traffic from Toadside. hazards, including colli ston with other vehicles. eaffic Gontrol Devices ~ signs, Signals, markings, and devices placed de erected by proper author~ fey having jurisdiction, forthe purpose of regulating, waraing, oF sulding traffic. ‘Traffic Control Signal - fn elecx Erieally operated device by witch traffic 9 alteroataly directed to stop and permitted co proceed by the display of ed, yellow, and ‘Traffic Generators - Induscrial Plants, shopping centers, markets, Universities, hospitale, holy Shrines, ete. Traffic Toland ~ An foLend provided in the roadway to. separate or di rect “streaas of traffic; includes both divisional and channel ising falands. ‘eaffic Lane - That portion of the Etavoled omy for the movenent of & single Line of vehicles Teatfie Markings A craffte con fol. device consssting of Lines, patterns, words, syabols, oF colors fp the pavement, or adjacent to the roadway. ‘eaffic Wotse Impacts - Tapacts that. oecur when’ the predicted traffic noise levels approach or exceed. the design noise levels, oF Gihen the predicted traffic noise existing olse levels, mafic Sign - A traffic control device mounted oa a support. above the level of the roadway that’ con eye a apecitic message by means of words or symbols. TE tI paket SU = Sapa Me ee aeet Ce la ee Se ES OS Met tae ee Sa dee ote — gael Me ke Lt We a agg ly Sr SO, a TA aha Plies Moen 5 Sab oe wpilead = ald ashe gud Woon, 7 gua asian, By oe, So “ein waa hey oe = et oe aasell Sp tage ot Godel sob SES SR Sse, oo oo es Telytel oo alguien Gl ees ee ponent: yt: es an See Bae Sata ees Gt GT = ape gene UT an ee gc Sa" Be at Sop Dg Sagal ES Reco a lel dale Sat S2 AH aye TS ak Se oe toga oh Salty oTeaffte Volume - The number of icles passing a given point during @ spectFte pertod of tine. ‘Transition — A section of variable pevenent width required vhen chang Bae from one width of traveled way to'a greater or lesser width. Teanettional Lighting ~The gra tiated Lighting in the transition sone from 2 beighely Lighted area fo darkoe ‘eansition Gueve (Sotral) — & curve sttvariable radios (acended to ek fect» sooth transition from tan ent to curved aliguments ‘Transpiration - the entssion or ethalation of vatory vapor fron the Surfaces of leaves or other parts Of trees and planta. Teansptration Teduces the "runofé of relamater From vegetated areas. ‘Trangverse = At right angle to the Tongitedinal direction. Teayeled Way - The portion of the Foadway for the movement of vohi= cles, exclusive of shoulders and sueiltary Lanes. Teavel Speed - The average speed slong a section of treat It fs computed “by dividing distance by Travel Tine - The total elapsed Une of travel, facluding stops and delays, for vehicle to. travel over a proscribed course and ape~ Eified Toute under prevetling teat he conditions Travel Tine Delay ~ The difference between actal” travel tine and {Heal travel tine under uncongested conditions, including deceleration land acceleration delays ae well as Stopped delay. Traverse ~ tn surveying, 2 sort of interconnected straight lines: ‘The Tongths of the Lines aad the angles of deviation between then re measured an the traverse devel” ‘trees = Large woody planta, weuatly ith a single seen, 8 AN cite ow = sat wus 2a ar ea vot Soe Seo oe elk — Jas UGE Sa aan SS Sih bt wht yo Rea FAH = et ae PO takes ge OEE aA gd se yee DE Bee a et) ta Died! IRS gh chat = gay sgt SS sian ot, Sn SS Soot oda RE Oo Par Het ge LBL gly eb = apne ches Rent) chy ON) OP ree) Fy RE ea SEH erty ola Usb Gh Bat dae pelle seagtirceste, peer uleee Ua) Dei ote ET ee AS gid Spt — peall gay eb Sa Shans Ga as fo BS ee Oe a age Og one SO oer Sattt = pat tle on Sb RSL ae Ss Fe Be LaToya apa a tL ge ee Mk ot gs = sett a a Tee SIH Gta ae Othe Ree cau ghey aes Tote yes Lee CLL = tae wets eeTetantal Shear Test — A cost ia Ghich & cylindrical spectaen of Soll, encased ia_an Lapervious aon brand, dn subjected eo a conéialag prewsuce and then loaded axially to Failures Truck - A motor vehicle designed for the transportation of goods or atertal. shore nbades ‘welght ex ceeds 3,500 hae Teuck Combination = A track cractor aed a sealeratier, either with or without full tratler, ox a truck with one of sore fall ‘eratlerss Teomet Interchange - An énter~ Change suitable for T-lntersec= ‘turning Lanes ~ fuxtttary Lanes provided at grade intersections for Pight= and Leée~ turning movements: ‘Turning Movement - The traffic Taking, av designated turn ae a5 ‘turning Path ~ The path of a destg~ hated point ons vehicle sallag 2 Specified turns Turning Rosdvay ~ A connecting Tondvay for traffic turning between too intersection leg ‘turning Track Width - The radial Atstance between the turning pathe of the outside of the outer front Thre andthe outelde of the rear tite that de nearest the center of the corn. ‘ypteal Cross Sectton = A erans~ ‘Verse soction of a proposed Mahway Showing the Lateral dimenstone and funcetonal and servetural elements of the highway. ee Underdrain = Porous of perforated pipe, of graded aggregate installed nde a rosdvay oF thoulder to pe0~ ‘Vide subsurface drainage. Underpass A grade separation jes under an intersecting highway or railroad. Taghhe ay oat sige - HBL Ant ihe Soe hie ao npsh gt Sas tyghtes tek gt SAS cote GO > ute tte pS Ryd chat = laa othe uty BL = esthth ger helt ae fon Shas yee Soe Lg at So aa Soa Sai han. Seok tine pth — gate hte Tu Sa ae seen es Soke nn, TS acts ee i ge got Se ae oe aT Da Ses Gres ccna epee dal = gle pee Wn Se a a Test aVadisturbed Sample ~ A saxple that thes. been obtained by tethods in which” every precaution has deen taken co lataize disturbances to the sanpies Uatforaity of Uluminance = the ratio of either the sinimun llunt= ance “to” the average. {liuainance (6), oF the minigun {Lluntnance. to tht arian iLluntnance (6p) on the Uatforaly Graded - Material wich « uniform ‘gradation from coarse to Uuinterrupted Flow ~ A condition in which «vehicle traversing asec" Hon of a lane oF roadway {3 n0€ Fequired to stop by any cause xm ternal to the traffic stream sl- Though vehicles ‘may be stopped by causes internal. to the raffle alt Gost ~ Te direct cost tn- Atrece cost, of total cont for a fapecific service, product, or acm tivity divided by a medsure oF quantity. uch as total ‘work units Completed. Untreated Base Course - The layer or layers of base course without Mineral filler of asphaltic binder. Vehicle = tvery device, in, upon, OF by whieh say person or property 15, or aay be, transported or deavn upon a highway (excepe devices used exclusively upon ratls or tescks). Vented Dip - A strean crossing formed by. partially lowering. the Inighsay grade for floods and. pro- viding a culvert for tow water How. Grades Vertical Gurve - A curve oa the Tongitudinel proftie of a road to provide for change of gradtent. 0 eel Ug ge ye Aa te TET OT SOS, Teer oe esl lt Sed we ah kee arta gtast Say eS Jue Sa EL GP a eee ob Sot (Ten) HUB SLT Leute qyite OL = gel pega Vets) oat Soot SC seth Tg UL = jase he BO oo Gu gems oe ee ote Ae J eT BERS en eT es So SELL er ot Se Gh staat aso = angth ts ac aaa gy Se pes epee erie ecee ST Ga Bast dal nn teal gut eal att en oo yt Geet aut ago SH os Sten pun ot Bie ee eae Oy Tas Sy ee et ChE ok ot Ui SS Er Say Gk ae oe ee cee eel) taal Sea a SO Te Sy oe ELT gles eon UN, sete Hae ket ty le eee gly gee See ok Goo: Sa ede SsVistbtiity - Te quality or state Fanta Ue gt) eae = Bt ate DE being percetvable by the ove Ss SS a many outdoor applications, visi= Age ge el Stkb Biity te. defined in torae ‘of the OS 2 ai Gistance at which an object can be Snel eae co poe Sate Suse percetved by the eye. viata - A distant lev seon from a ge alae ghee — eee Slee get sete Noving Weta =a view SOS LS Sot fron a moving vehicle. Me a FS Stationary Vista ~ a view seen from were Sr sen, 2 fixed: place or location; such a SP tet Baal aye gt ot Fron a fest area of scents over~ feet Ae ie dhe ote ook. Wadi - A stream or watercourse that Le ake git ee ot aah = gat fa dey except durtog petiods of md Sy ar Sk ratafall. Loa Woste - Excess earth, rock, veget: oh syted) gh kya =e ton, or other materials fosuleing Sua Staal! a SP oy eto fon highway consceuction. en Weter-Coment Ratio ~ The catto of teed Lee teh gt ML ee the spout of water, exclusive only MIS Ugpate gall Tae Ce ata fof that absorbed by the aggregates, PL a to the anmunt of coment ina con” 22S Yer Erete or mortar atxeure; proter~ 18 Sbiy stated as a decimal by mss Water Table - The top of the sone A ally a oe ttt of permanent soll saturation. The Les he ST ghar ei Mater table my rise or fall se cen Sy ayes De So Sonaily, of {t my be deasn down by Acie ec ese Temoval of water by drainage seruc~ Se Cec beak oe wt tee ot Wearing Course (Surface Goorse) ~ tele bod = et ab The top layer of a pavement. ot SOR Weathering - The decomposition of AN sags Jae = Apa dal ge Tock, shale, ates, because of the Seat detgad cee Gite guest faction of the weathers Weaving - The crossing of traffic ee el {ieruans noving In the sane general DO San Gtreceion acconpLtahed by merging Taatenasty wet aoa ctr Gnd diverging. Weaving Sections ~ Highway segments Gent ge Clete =, gpanth cust Where ‘the. pattera of traffic en~ Saal Mae Sas yb am uote! fering and leaving at contiguous BGS Bay Ga polnts of access results in vehicle hae GN get padl Oped yds Paths crossing each other. Se SO Weephole - A hole through an abut= 1 as gh ek lat eyed oe hhent of retaining wall to relieve dijo ae Ge SS ET ae hydrostatic pressure. Tete) nWell Graded - Augregate material of varying particle sizer that peo duce aaxtmom density when mixed. Wire Mesh ~ A network of wires used as. distributed Felaforcenent 4 Working Dravings ~ stress sheets, Shop “deawings,, erection planes Eatsework plans, franovork plans, cofferdan plans, bending aagrans {or relnforcing steely of any other supplementary plane ov sinilar deta that the Gonteactor ia required to Subatt to he ingtneer for" approv™ Work Uate - A quantity used as a Imeasure of work for a specific acy Yleld (Concrete) ~ The ratio of the Voluse of 2 mixture. produced to that which theoretically should be Produced. Yetntersection ~ A three-og snter~ Section in the general form of a . n tee ot Lely Hale = bond Bae, Soya ght ge pact we cob a ge WE ke renee one caeewaretes Sli pagel Ghul = dant! clipe See a Te er era Tort hs Te SE Seo ean Se ke SS See ou SOLS) ae Ur gt 9) Go CP Gases sek! geen Tote Se wAhas pained yall = eat tan rine mus poe heh pee = (LS) te See of oe at Ka pee ol steer So =F ele Ge vs ok at el &